LO - TO Apply Research Into Gender Development

Equal Opportunities in Education, Work and Leisure

Diamond & Sigmundson’s case study

1. Why was Bruce’s gender re-assigned?Because he lost his penis in an accident.

2. At what age was gender re-assigned and Bruce given the name Brenda?20 months

3. What was Brenda’s sex?Male

4. What was Brenda’s gender at puberty?Masculine

5. Does the case support the role of nature or nurture in gender development?Nature

Revision – how many can you get right?

Lesson 7 – Equal Opportunities for the Sexes 1 - Education

BATS

Essential - Explain what is meant by the Gender Gap in Education. (C)

Stretch - Use the Biological theory to predict which subjects boys and girls pick for GCSE and A level (B)

Challenge - Use the Biological theory and other theories to explain why boys and girls perform differently at school, and suggest what can be done to narrow the Gender Gap. (A)

Think about how the following statements have been questioned or disproved…

“Women are not born with the capacity to understand the complexities of politics and therefore should not be allowed to vote.”

“Women are ‘naturals’ with babies and so men should not be staying at home to look after children.”

“Males are innately more superior to females in any measure of intelligence.”

“Boys have a sporting instinct that girls cannot match.”

What do you think about each statement?

Stand up if you agree or sit down if you disagree.

Be prepared to say why!

Are Men and Women Equal?

Applying Knowledge of Sex and Gender

• Research into sex and gender is important to help us with real life situations

• You need to know how psychology has had a hand in helping bring about equal opportunities in ..

• Education• Work• Leisure and play

6

Make a Prediction• Based on what you have learnt about

gender behaviour PREDICT• which subjects boys and girls do best

in at school• which job/careers males and females

choose • which leisure activities males and

females choose

Write your predictions in your book

Stretch - Use the Biological theory to predict which subjects

boys and girls pick for GCSE and A level (B)

Equal Opportunities in Education

• There is still a lot of debate about how different males and females are.

• Are the differences natural or socialised?

• If males and females are more or less the same then they only need the same opportunities to succeed.

• BUTRead p 9 to find out how girls and boys perform differently in school.

Also find out what the ‘Gender Gap’ means – write the answer in

your book

Equal Opportunities in Education• How do Psychologists explain the gender

gap in education?

• Have girls always performed better than boys?

• How does the biological approach help to explain differences in educational ability between girls and boys? Read p 9-10 to help you

answer these questions

Challenge - Use the Biological theory and other theories to explain

why boys and girls perform differently at school (B+)

Essential - Explain what is meant by the Gender Gap in Education. (C)

Advise the Education Minister!• What suggestions would you give Mr Gove

to make sure boys and girls get an equal chance to succeed at school and later at work, based on what you have learnt about Sex and Gender?

Challenge - Use the Biological theory and other theories to explain

why boys and girls perform differently at school, and suggest what can be done to narrow the gender gap(B+)

Essential - Explain what is meant by the Gender Gap in Education. (C)

Was your prediction correct?Stretch - Use the Biological theory to predict which subjects

boys and girls pick for GCSE and A level (B)

• The equal opportunities Commission (2007) found the following…

• Boys typically chose technical and science subjects and girls picked caring, arts and humanities in Y9

• At A level it was even more obvious. More boys chose maths, physics, PE, geography

• Most girls chose art/design, media, psychology

Next lesson we will look at Equal Opportunities at work and leisure

Lesson 8 – Equal Opportunities for the Sexes 2 - Work and Leisure

BATS

Essential - Use the internet to research sex discrimination at work and at leisure

Stretch - Apply what you have learnt about equal opportunities to design a range of activities for a children’s fun day. (C/B)

Challenge - Explain why you chose the programme you have created using psychological research about equal opportunities for the sexes (B/A)

Equal Opportunities in Work

• Even though females perform better than males in education men still seem to do better in the workplace in terms of promotion and pay.

• List 2 possible reasons for this.• Pregnancy and child care put careers on

hold, lose confidence in their job• Juggling caring and work means they can

only do part time/low paid work

Equal Opportunities in Work

• Use the websites

• search for information on ‘sex discrimination’, ‘Equalities Act’

• Read the laws about sex discrimination1. Do you think that sex discrimination laws assume that

males and females are born equal? Justify your answer.

2. Can you think of any circumstances in which male and female employees would have to be treated differently because of natural differences?

3. Are there any jobs only males or females could do?

http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/ResolvingWorkplaceDisputes/DiscriminationAtWork/DG_10026665 sex discrimination at workhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_Discrimination_Act_1975 sex discrimination act 1975

Essential - Use the internet to research sex discrimination at work and at leisure

Equal Opportunities in Leisure and Play

Research has shown that …• Girls tend to choose more passive or

domestic activities e.g reading, shopping and organised activities

• Boys tend to be involved in more active and aggressive activities e.g. sport, computer games, unorganised activities

• The Office for National Statistics have found that these gender differences carry on into adulthood. See next page

Was your prediction correct?

Selected sports games and physical activities among adults

4 8 16 2012

Keep fit, aerobics, dance

gym

Jogging, running

golf

snooker

Indoor swimming

cycling

Outdoor football

men women Office of National Statistics 2006/7

Equal Opportunities in Leisure and Play

• Imagine you are a teacher in charge of organising a fun activity day for a group of 10-11 year olds, including indoor and outdoor activities. A colleague suggests there should be different activities for boys and girls ‘because they naturally like different things’.

• How would you argue that boys and girls are capable of taking part in the same activities? What activities would you choose and why?

Stretch - Apply what you have learnt about equal opportunities to design a range of activities for a children’s fun day. (C/B)

Challenge - Explain why you chose the programme you have created using psychological research about equal opportunities for the sexes (B/A)

Equal Opportunities in Leisure and Play

• Make a plan of activities for the day then print it off and stick in your book. (B/A)

• Write a justification for your programme. (A)

Equal Opportunities in Leisure and Play

• Peer assess each other’s plans - WWW, EBI!

• Did they do enough to achieve a C, B or A?

Stretch - Apply what you have learnt about equal opportunities to design a range of activities for a children’s fun day. (C/B)

Challenge - Explain why you chose the programme you have created using psychological research about equal opportunities for the sexes (B/A)

Lesson 8 – Equal Opportunities for the Sexes 2 - Work and Leisure

BATSEssential - I have used the internet to research sex

discrimination at work and at leisure

Stretch - I have applied what I have learnt about equal opportunities to design a range of activities for a children’s fun day. (C/B)

Challenge - I have explained why I chose the programme I have created using psychological research about equal opportunities for the sexes (B/A)

Which of these outcomes have you achieved today?

Justify your answer