Local Admin in Thailand (Intersem 2011)

8/4/2019 Local Admin in Thailand (Intersem 2011)

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Soparth Pongquan

Regional and Rural Development Planning

School of Environment, Resources and Development

Asian Institute of Technology

Thailand

([email protected])

1

ED 77.9008: Rural Development Management Workshop


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The Kingdom of The Kingdom of Thailand Thailand

One and indivisible KingdomOne and indivisible KingdomAdopts a democratic regime of Adopts a democratic regime of

governmentgovernmentwith the King as Head of the Statewith the King as Head of the State

A single democratic state A single democratic state

unitary state and constitutional monarchy and unitary state and constitutional monarchy and

democracydemocracy


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Map of South East Asian CountriesMap of South East Asian Countries Geographical Regions of ThailandGeographical Regions of Thailand

17

14

25

20

Total = 76 ProvincesExcluding Bangkok Metropolitan.


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Royal Thai Government and Constitutions

1997

and

2007

Fundamental Structure

1.

Unitary State and Kingdom

2. Parliamentary Sovereignty3.

Separation and Balance of Powers

1. Political Reform (Institution and Structure)

2.

Public Involvement in Public Affairs

4. Emphasis of Civil Liberties

3. Decentralization of Power to Local Government


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Source: Department of Local Administration (DOLA),Ministry of Interior (MOI), 2011.

Central Administration Regional Administration Local Administration

Provinces (Changwats)*(76)

Districts (Amphoes)*(877)

Sub-districts (Tambons)*(22,255)

Villages (Mu Bans)(88,944)

Thai PublicAdministration

20 Ministries

Provincial AdministrativeOrganizations (PAOs) (75)

Municipalities (Tesabans)(2,006)o City Minicipalities (23)o Town Municipalities (142)o Tesaban Municipalities (1,841)

35 Independent Organizations

Tambon AdministrativeOrganizations (5,770)

Special Municipalities (Bangkok Metropolitan and Pattaya) (2)

*Excluding Bangkok MetropolitanSource: Department of Local Administration, 2009.


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Intergovernmental Relations

The JudiciaryNational Assembly Council of Ministers

Office of the Prime Minister Ministry of Interior Other Ministries

Department of Local Administration Other Departments

Provinces

Districts / Minor districts

Sub-districts

villages

PAOs and Cities/Town Municipalities

Sub-district Municipalities

TAO

City of Pattaya

BMA

National

Level

Local

Level


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Administrative StructureAdministrative Structure

of the Royal Thai of the Royal Thai

GovernmentGovernment

Source: ERTC and NESDB, 2009.


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Central AdministrationCentral Administration

Ministry

Departments

Bureaus Divisions

Divisions Sub-divisions

Sub-divisions Sections

Sections


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Organizational Structure of Provincial Administration

Source: Department of Provincial Administration (DOPA), Ministry of Interior (MOI), 2009.

Provincial Governor

Deputy ProvincialGovernors

Central Administration

Based at province

Regional Administration Local Administration

(PAO, Municipalities andTAOs)

ProvincialAdministration

(Offices from LineMinistries)

District Administration Districts Sub-districts Villages


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Provincial

AdministrationProvinces

Districts /District

Branches

Villages

Sub districts (Tambon)


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Provincial Administration

Tambon

District

ProvinceProvince

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambo

nTambon

TambonDistrict

District

District


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Dimensions of Decentralized Local

Governments

Political :

Appointing the Decentralization Committee

Administrative : Devolving authorities and functions from

central government to local authorities in administration, planning and finance.

Fiscal : Providing additional sources of revenue for local

authorities

At least 20% of the States revenue must be allocated

to local authorities (Subsidy) by 2001 and not more than 35% by 2006 and beyond.

Economic : Privatization of service delivery


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Functions to be Transferred toLocal Administration, ClassifiedInto 6 Broad Categories and by

Type of Work



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Local Governments (by Type and Number)

General Types

Provincial AdministrationOrganizations (PAO)

75Municipalities

2006

Sub district AdministrationOrganizations (TAO)

5,770

Special Types

Bangkok MetropolitanAdministration (BMA)

1

The City of Pattaya

1

Note: Sub-district = Tambon


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Provincial Administrative

Organization

ProvinceProvince

District Tambon

District

District

District

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

Tambon

TAO

TAO

TAO

Townmunicipality

TAOTAO

TAOTAO

CityMunicipality

PAOPAO

TAO

TAOTAO

TambonMunicipality

TAO

TAO

TambonMunicipality

TAO


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Infrastructure

Life Quality Promotion

Orderliness and Security of Community and Society

Common Roles and Responsibilities

of Local

Governments

Investment Promotion,

Commerce and Tourism

Administration,

Management, Planning and Financing

Natural Resources Conservation and Environmental Management


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PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION (PAO)PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION (PAO)

People

Up to 500,000

500,000 - 1,000,000

1,000,001- 1,500,000

1,500,001- 2,000,000

More than 2,000,000

Council

24 Councilors

30 Councilors

36 Councilors

42 Councilors

48 Councilors

Chief Executive

Deputy Chief Executive

2 Deputies

2 Deputies

3 Deputies

4 Deputies

Chief Administrator

Deputy Chief Administrator

Division of public works

Division of Budget &Planning

Division of General Admin.

Division of PAOCouncil Affairs

Division of Finance

Any OtherDivision

elect elect appoint


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Main Responsibilities of Provincial Administrative Main Responsibilities of Provincial Administrative Organization (PAO)Organization (PAO)

Provincial development planning; Supporting and enhancing other local authorities

activities; Building co-operation among local authorities;

Allocating resources to local governments as legallymandated; Natural resources and environmental preservation; Provision of educational services; Promotion of democracy, liberty, and civil right; Promotion of public participation in local affairs; Promotion of technological development;

Inter-local waste water treatment; Inter-local solid waste disposal; Environmental and pollution management and

control; Provision of the public transit facilities; Promotion of tourism; Promotion of local trade and investment; Provision of inter-local road and water

transportation; Provision of public market; Promotion of athletics and local cultures;

Provision of provincial hospital, preventive, andcurative health care services.

Provision of public museum and libraries; Public transportation and traffic engineering;

Provision of disaster prevention and alleviation; Provision of public safety, law and order; Provision of services that are benefits to many

localities and are dedicated to provincialadministrative organization by other localauthorities;

Supporting government agencies or other localauthorities in local development affairs;

Providing services to private organizations, stateenterprises, government agencies, and localauthorities;

Provision of social welfare and quality of life of children, women, elderly, and disadvantages;

Other activities that are in the authorities of the PAOas regulated by the Act or other laws and regulations;

Other activities beneficial to local people as directedby the committee.

Infrastructure, Natural Resources and Environment, Social Services (Health and Education), culture, Peace and

Order, Tourism, Disaster Management, Development Administration and Coordination with Various Levels andOrganizations and Local Development Planning.


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Sources of Revenue of PAOSources of Revenue of PAO

The major sources of revenue of a PAO according tothe PAO Act 1997 are the following:

Taxes

and

duties

provided

by

law;

Customs and license fee;

Revenues from PAOs

properties, facilities and

commerce;

Loans; and

Grants in aid.


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Municipality

People Council ExecutiveBoard

Town Municipality 15 Councilors

1 Mayor with 1-2 DeputySub-district Municipality 12 Councilors

City Municipality 24 Councilors

1 Mayor with 1-2 Deputy1 Mayor with 1-2 Deputy

Municipal Clerk

Deputy Municipal Clerk

Office of theMunicipal Clerk

Division of Public Works

Division of Education

Division of Finance

Division of Water Supply

Division of PublicHealth and the Environment.

Other Division tobe Established

elect elect


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Main Responsibilities of Municipality

Compulsory: Maintain public peace; Maintain roads and waterways; Keep roads, path-ways and public places

clean and dispose of refuse and garbage;

Prevent and suppress infections diseases; Provide fire engines and accessories; Provide for local education and training; Provide for clean water or water works; Provide for abattoirs (slaughter house); Provide and maintain medical services; Provide and maintain drainage; Provide and maintain public lavatories; Provide and maintain electric works or other

lighting; Provide and maintain child and mother

welfare services; Provide other services necessary to preserve

public health;

Optional:

Providing markets, ports, ferries, burialgrounds, and crematoriums;

Promote occupations for local inhabitants;

Providing and maintaining hospitals; Providing for public utilities; Providing and maintaining vocational schools; Providing and maintaining sports and

physical education services; Providing and maintaining public gardens

and zoos; Municipal trade enterprises.


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The City of PattayaCouncil of

24

CouncilorsPEOPLE

MAYOR

elect

1-4 Deputy Mayor

Chief Administrator

Deputy

Chief Administrator

Education

Division

Public

Works

Division

Office of the

Chief

Administrator

Finance

Division

Public

Health

Division

Council

Affairs

Division

OtherDivisions

to be

Established

elect appoint


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Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)

Assembly

People

50 DistrictsOffices /

Divisions

4 Deputies

PermanentSecretary of

BMA

Governor

Department

Drainage andSewerage

Public WorksPermanent Secretary

Policy and Planning

Community Development

Social WelfareHealth

Education

Department

Finance

DistrictCouncil

electappoint


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Expenditures and Revenues of BMA

Assets

Public utilities

Enterprises

Taxes specified by laws

Rees, permits, fines

Service charge

Bond

Loan from ministries

Grants from central government and international organizations (IOs)

Loan from IOs

Donation

Remuneration

Revenues from public enterprises and property taxes or special fees

Salary

Regular and temporary wage

Remuneration

Cost

of

public

utilities Cost of inventory

Cost of land and construction

Grant

Others

Expenditures Revenues


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Sub district (Tambon) Administrative

Organization

(TAO)

People

CouncilCouncilors

from each village

Executive Board1 Chairman and 2 members

Deputy Chief Administrator

Chief Administrator

Office of the Chief Administrator

Division of

Public Works

Division of

Finance

Division of

Public Health

elect

elect


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Main Responsibilities of TAOMain Responsibilities of TAO

Formulation of a local development plan; Provision and maintenance of roads, waterways, and

drainage systems; Provision and control of market-places, piers,

wharves, and parking lots; Provision of public utilities and other constructions; Provision of public consumer goods; Promotion of career training and occupations; Promotion of commerce and investment; Promotion of tourism; Provision of education;

Provision of social welfare and development of quality of life for children, women, senior andunderprivileged persons;

Promotion of art, traditions, local wisdom, and localcultures;

Improvement of crowded neighborhoods andmanagement of housing;

Provision and maintenance of recreation places;

Promotion of sports; Promotion of democracy, equality, and people's

rights and freedom; Promotion of people's participation in community

development activities; Maintenance of community cleanliness and order;

Disposal of garbage and waste; Provision of public health, family hygiene, and

medical services; Provision and control of cemeteries and

crematoriums; Control of animal raising; Provision and control of slaughter-houses; Provision of security, order, and hygiene of

entertainment and other public places; Management, maintenance, and utilization of forests,

land, natural resources and environment;

Management of city planning; Management of transportation and trafficengineering;

Management and maintenance of public places; Control of buildings construction; Prevention and relief of public disasters; Maintenance of public safety, promotion and support

of activities aimed at preventing dangers andprotection of people's life and properties; Other useful services to the local residents.


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Sub-district (Tambon) Development Plan


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Sources of Revenue for Sources of Revenue for TAOsTAOs

The major source of TAOs

revenue according to the TAO Act 1994 and other related laws are the following:

Taxes: from house and land tax, signboard, slaughtering, vehicles, value added and special business,

Excises: liquor, tobacco, etc.;

Fees: from land registration and transfer, selling liquor and alcoholic drinks and gambling;

Natural resources and royalties: birds nests concessions, forestry royalties, fishery and shrimp license, ground water fee, minerals, petroleum, natural gas and oil;

National park fee; and

Other provided by the central government as a grant in aid, licenses, fee and fine as determined by laws, properties, utilities, industries and enterprises, donation, loan and bank interest.


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Common Sources of Revenue and Tax Collectionof Municipalities, Pattaya City, and TAOs

House and land taxLand Development tax

Sign-board tax

Value added tax from the excise tax

Specific business tax

Excise tax, Alcohol tax, tobacco stamp tax

Automobile registration tax

Gambling tax and other fees


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Financial Status of Ko

Po TAO, 2009 Fiscal YearSources of Revenue Amount in Baht %

Taxes 5,675,315 46.9Fees and fines 658,182 5.4

Property and assets 87,820 0.7

Miscellaneous 48,530 0.4

Public utilities and trade 160,218 1.3

Sale of construction model/plan (for infrastructure) 32,500 0.3

Grant (from central government) 5,312,276 43.8

Grant (from Provincial AdministrativeOrganization)

150,000 1.2

TOTAL 12,124,843 100.0

Sources of Expenditure

Expenditures from central budget 378,310 3.3

Salary and wage 1,616,424 13.9

Temporary wage 748,118 6.5

Development projects/activities/equipment 2,726,037 29.6

Infrastructure/Public utilities 269,466 2.3

Central government/line agencies 1,065,473 9.2

Land, construction, furniture and other(development projects)

1,605,584 13.9

Other 1,723,320 14.9TOTAL 11,569,811 100.0

Source: Ko Po TAO, Pak Phli District, Nakornnayok Province, 2010.

Fi i l St t f K W i T b M i i lit 2009 Fi l Y


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Financial Status of Ko

Wai

Tambon

Municipality, 2009 Fiscal Year

Sources of Revenue Amount in Baht %

Taxes 11,005,200 42.6Fees and fines 659,100 2.5

Property and assets 418,000 1.6

Miscellaneous 106,500 0.4

Grant (from central government) 13,713,465 52.9TOTAL 25,902,265 100.0

Sources of Expenditure

Expenditures from central budget 1,640,512 6.7

Salary and wage 6,184,800 25.1

Temporary wage 2,724,960 11.1

Development projects/activities/equipment 9,374,280 38.1

Infrastructure/Public utilities 413,000 1.7

Central government/line agencies 625,200 2.5

Land, construction, furniture and other(development projects)

2,754,100 11.2

TOTAL 24,592,852 100.0

Source: Ko Wai TAO, Pak Phli District, Nakornnayok Province, 2010.


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Key Problems of Local Governments

Overlapping development functions Overlapping development functions with central administration (i.e., line ministries)

Insufficient revenue generaInsufficient revenue generation (municipalities and TAO),

thus relying on subsidy from central government

Limited capacity Limited capacity of local governments (planning and

financing), no expertise in social development

Misuse of fund Misuse of fund (i.e., elderly pension)

Emphasis on infrastructure infrastructure development projects

Unclear of systematic Unclear of systematic monitoring and evaluation on performance of local governments

Lack of knowledge and public interest and participation knowledge and public interest and participation

on local governments of local people39


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Coordination of Development Plans

Provincial Admin.Provincial Admin. Local Admin.Local Admin.CentralCentral

Province

Districts

NationalAgenda

Strategies

Govt.s policies

Ministerialstrategies

ProvincialCluster/

ProvincialStrategic Plan

DistrictStrategic

Plan

Municipalities

and TAOs

Annual OPAnnual OP OP OP OP

ProvincialAdministrativeOrganization

(PAO)

Administration

Coordination

TAO = Sub-district (Tambon)Administrative Organization

OP = Operational Plan

Budget Bureau and Budget Allocation Process


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Goals of National Agenda

g g

C a b i n e tMinisterial

StrategyRegional Strategy

DepartmentalStrategy

Goals

Output/ Outcomes

Provincial ClusterStrategy

Provincial Strategy

Output/Outcomes

T h e

B u d g e t

B u r e a u

C e n t r a l B u d g e t

R e g u l a r B

u d g e t


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Budget Flow Paths to LGUs and Community LevelBudget Flow Paths to LGUs and Community Level



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Allocation of General Grants: Intergovernmental Fiscal Allocation of General Grants: Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfer (IFT) or SubsidyTransfer (IFT) or Subsidy



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Economic Research and Training Center (ERTC), Faculty of Economics,

Thammasat

University and National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB), Decentralization and the Budget for Social Services at Tambon

Administrative Level, Thailand , funded by

UNICEF, 2009.

Department of Public Administration, Ministry of Interior, Basic Information on Public Administration in Thailand , 2009.

Ministry of Interior , Local Administration: Guidelines and Manual for Planning , 2005.

Ministry of Interior, Guideline for Local Financing of Local Government , 2005.

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Documents

Local Admin in Thailand (Intersem 2011)