Local Bodies in Tamil Nadu

8/12/2019 Local Bodies in Tamil Nadu

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Local Bodies in Tamil Nadu(Tamil: )constitute the third tier administration set-up in theSouth Indianstate ofTamil Nadu.It is a

system oflocal governmentwhich forms the last level from theCentre.[1]Chennai

Corporation(now inTamil Nadu)in the thenMadras Presidency,established in 1688, is the

oldest suchLocal Bodynot only in India but also in any commonwealth nations outside

United Kingdom.[2][3]

Contents

1 History 2 Overview 3 Administrative Units

o 3.1 Urban Local Bodieso 3.2 Rural Local Bodieso 3.3 District Wise Details

4 Elections 5 Functions 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

History

The history of local bodies in Tamil Nadu could be dated back to theAncient periodwherein

the village administration was taken care by a Village assemblyknown as Sabai(Tamil:

) in every village. Further, each village was divided into several wardsknown asmandalams(Tamil:).[4]This is evident from the epigraph inscriptions found inVaikuntha Perumal TemplenearUthiramerur.They used the Pot-ticket system of election

(Kudavolai Murai)to elect the representatives to the assembly.

Later came theBritishrule in India in which the centralization of governance was enforced.

People in the interior of the villages had to walk up to the central authorities for their

obligations and grievances. Anyhow this system faded out as the British government realized

the pitfalls in this system. Laudable efforts ofLord Riponbrought legislation in this aspect

which created unionsin small towns and villages, to facilitate proper sanitation and lighting.

Later, councils were constituted in this regard for which the members are directly elected byelections. Councils were made accountable to an Inspector and Chairman.[5]Though

urbanization was less prevalent those days,Chennai(erstwhileMadras)had the honor of

having suchMunicipal Corporationstatus even in 1688. Urban local bodies known

Municipalities were in existence. A department namedLocal and Municipal Departmentwas

functioning in the then Secretariat from 1916 and it had Local, Municipal, Plague, Medical

and Legislative Branches.[6]

Independent Indiaheard many voices for the revival and strengthening of the Village

panchayats, even as the Nation's fatherMahatma Gandhiinsisted upon this for achieving

Swarajcompletely covering all the corners of this country. Later, a committee set up by

Government of India,popularly knownBalwant Rai Mehta Committeecommitteesuggested the formation of three tierPanchayati Rajsystem.[7]From then, there came many
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note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balwant_Rai_Mehta_Committeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balwant_Rai_Mehta_Committeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balwant_Rai_Mehta_Committeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchayati_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchayati_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchayati_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchayati_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balwant_Rai_Mehta_Committeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Riponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangaikonda_Cholapuram#The_Chola_Administrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthiramerurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#Functionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#Electionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#District_Wise_Detailshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#Rural_Local_Bodieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#Urban_Local_Bodieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#Administrative_Unitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#Overviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_body#Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras_Presidencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bodies_in_Tamil_Nadu#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government#Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language


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legislation to ensure effective system of Local governance in Tamil Nadu. Notable legislative

orders to Local Bodies by the centre-state governments include:

1. Article 40 of Indian Constitution2. Madras Village Panchayat Act, 19503. Tamil Nadu District Municipalities (Amendment) Act, 19504. Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 19585. Tamil Nadu District Development Councils Act, 19586. Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 (ratifications to 73rdand 74thAmendment of the

Constitution of India)

Overview

Developmental administration is the main objective of these local bodies.[8]They are effected

by the means of Urban and Rural local bodies. They are responsible for the implementation

of various centrally-sponsored, state-funded, and externally-aided schemes for provision ofbasic amenities and other services to the people. Elections are held to elect the representatives

for local body council in respective urban and rural areas every five years.Ministry of

Municipal Administration and Rural Development,Government of Tamil Naduis the state

government governing body for local bodies which is headed by a Minister who is an elected

member of theTamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.

Administrative Units

Local bodies are categorized into two viz. Urban Local Body and Rural Local Body. This

classification is rooted in terms of living standards in the context of urban and rural

agglomeration.

Urban Local Bodies

The urban local bodies acts as platform between the people in the urban areas and the

administration. According to2011 census of India,Tamil Nadu has about 48.45% of total

population living in urbanized areas.[9]Depending on the population and income of the urban

local bodies, they are further classified into three categories.[10]

1. City Municipal Corporations2. Municipalities3. Town Panchayat

Larger cities of Tamil Nadu are governed by City Municipal Corporations (Tamil:

). Tamil Nadu has 12 municipal corporations:Chennai,Madurai,Coimbatore,Tiruchirappalli,Salem,Tirunelveli,Erode,Tirupur,Vellore,Thoothukudi,

DindigulandThanjavur,,. These cities alone house one-third of urban population in this state.

Corporation consists of a council of electedcouncilorsfrom each ward and a presiding

officer,Mayorwho is also an elected representative. Apart from them, an executive authority

referred as Corporation Commissioner is also vested with administrative powers.
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Municipalities (Tamil:) fall next to the city corporations. There are about123 Municipalities in Tamil Nadu. Municipalities have four categories based on their annual

income and population. These include 15 special grade municipalities, 31 selection grade

municipalities, 33 grade I municipalities, 44 grade II municipalities.[11]Their elected

representatives include ward councilors and a presiding officer, Municipal Chairperson.

Municipal Commissioner is the executive authority.

Town panchayat (Tamil:) is the body of government for areas intransition form rural to urban. Tamil Nadu is the first state to introduce such a

classification in urban local bodies.[12]The state has 529 town panchayats.[13]Town

panchayats are upgraded to Grade III municipalities if they are found to be eligible. They are

categorized in a similar way to that of Municipalities depending on the income criteria and

population. Town panchayat council include elected ward councilors and their presiding

officer, Town panchayat chairperson. Executive Officer is the executive authority as in case

of Town panchayats.

Rural Local Bodies

Rural local bodies include the panchayat raj institutions of this state. There are three levels in

this system as follows.

1. Village Panchayats2. Panchayat Unions(co-terminus with Blocks)3. District Panchayatsin this state.

Village panchayats (Tamil:) form the grass-root level of democracy as theyform the local government for the basic building blocks of our country - villages. It is set up

in villages where the population is less than 300. There are about 12,524 Village panchayats

in this state.[14]Gram Sabha is a part of Village panchayat which consists of elected ward

members and Village panchayat president. Village panchayat president himself is an

executive authority here. They must meet for minimum of four times a year.[15]

Panchayat Union (Tamil: ) is the group of Village panchayats. Theyserve as the link between the villages and the district administration. They form the local

government at theTaluklevel. Tamil Nadu has 385 panchayat unions.[16]Panchayat union

council consists of elected ward members from the villages. It is headed by a panchayat unionchairperson, who is elected indirectly by the ward members of the council.

District panchayats (Tamil: ) form the cream ofthe panchayat raj system. They take the top slot with mainly advisory powers to the rest.

Developmental administration of the district in rural areas are in its hands. It consists of ward

members elected from various villages in its jurisdiction. It is presided by district panchayat

chairperson, who is indirectly elected by its ward members. There are 31 district panchayats

in this state except for the district ofChennaias it is anurban district.[17]District collectoris

the ex-officio chairman of the District rural development agency.

District Wise Details
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Chennai Corporationhoused in Ripon Building

District

Urban Rural

Corporations MunicipalitiesTown

Panchayats

Panchayat

Unions

(Blocks)

Village

Panchayats

Ariyalur 0 2 2 6 201

Chennai 1 0 0 0 0

Coimbatore 1 6 52 13 389

Cuddalore 0 5 16 13 682

Dharmapuri 0 1 10 8 251

Dindigul 1 2 24 14 306

Erode 1 4 53 14 343

Kancheepuram 0 10 24 13 648

Kanniyakumari 0 4 56 9 99

Karur

0 4 11 8 158Krishnagiri 0 2 7 10 337

Madurai 1 6 24 12 431

Nagapattinam 0 4 8 11 434

Namakkal 0 5 19 15 331

Perambalur 0 1 4 4 121

Pudukkottai 0 2 8 13 498

Ramanathapuram 0 4 7 11 443

Salem 1 4 33 20 385

Sivaganga

0 3 12 12 431Thanjavur 1 2 22 14 589

Nilgiris 0 4 11 4 35

Theni 0 6 22 8 130

Thiruvallur 0 12 13 14 539

Thiruvannamalai 0 4 10 18 860

Thiruvarur 0 4 7 10 430

Thoothukudi 1 2 19 12 408

Tiruchirappalli 1 3 17 14 408

Tirunelveli 1 8 36 19 425Tiruppur 1 6 17 13 273
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariyalur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariyalur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coimbatore_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuddalore_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuddalore_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmapuri_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmapuri_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dindigul_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dindigul_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erode_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erode_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanchipuram_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanchipuram_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanniyakumari_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanniyakumari_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishnagiri_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishnagiri_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagapattinam_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagapattinam_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namakkal_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namakkal_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perambalur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perambalur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudukkottai_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanathapuram_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanathapuram_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivaganga_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivaganga_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanjavur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanjavur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgiris_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgiris_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theni_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theni_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvallur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvannamalai_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvannamalai_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvarur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvarur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoothukudi_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoothukudi_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirunelveli_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirunelveli_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruppur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ripon_Building_panorama.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ripon_Building_panorama.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ripon_Building_panorama.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ripon_Building_panorama.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruppur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirunelveli_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoothukudi_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvarur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvannamalai_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvallur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theni_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgiris_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanjavur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivaganga_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanathapuram_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudukkottai_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perambalur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namakkal_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagapattinam_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishnagiri_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanniyakumari_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanchipuram_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erode_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dindigul_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmapuri_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuddalore_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coimbatore_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariyalur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Corporation


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District

Urban Rural

Corporations MunicipalitiesTown

Panchayats

Panchayat

Unions

(Blocks)

Village

Panchayats

Vellore 1 8 22 20 753

Villupuram 0 3 15 22 1104

Virudhunagar 0 7 9 11 450

Total 12 123(???) 529 385 12,524

Elections

Main articles:Local body elections in Tamil NaduandTamil Nadu State Election

Commission

Elections to the local bodies in Tamil Nadu, held once in five years, are conducted byTamil

Nadu State Election Commission.Both direct and indirect elections apply for local bodies.[18]

Direct election posts include:

Urban Bodies1. Corporation Mayor2. Municipality/Town Panchayat Chairperson3. Corporation/Municipality/Town Panchayat Councillor Rural Bodies1. Village Panchayat President2. District Panchayat Ward Member3. Panchayat Union Ward Member4. Village Panchayat Ward Member

Indirect election posts include Chairpersons of District panchayats and Panchayat unions,

Deputy Mayor of corporations, Vice-Chairpersons of Municipalities and Town panchayats.

Various statutory/standing committees are also elected by the way of indirect elections.

Functions

Local bodies are completely responsible for the developmental administration in the state.

Maintenance of clean environment, primary health facilities gain the foremost importance.

Apart from them water supply, roads and buildings, storm water drains, street lighting, solid

waste management, sanitation and bus stands cum commercial complexes etc. are the prime

duties of the local bodies.[19]Centrally sponsored schemes like Mahatma Gandhi National

Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY), Member

of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS), etc., and State-funded Schemes

like Tamil Nadu Village Habitation Improvement Scheme(THAI), Member of LegislativeAssembly Constituency Development Scheme (MLACDS), Self Sufficiency Scheme, Solar
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Powered Green House Scheme are also undertaken by the local bodies.[20]Source of revenue

for these local bodies are mainly from centre-state governments. Local bodies also have the

power of taxation which include House Tax, Profession Tax, Property Tax etc. Apart from

these they levy fees for specific building plan and layout approvals, Water charges, Sewerage

charges etc.
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Documents

Local Bodies in Tamil Nadu