Local policies as a tool for the Ecohydrologyand the ...mucp-mfit.org/wp-content/uploads/Volta-Basin... · Hydrologyand Integrated Water Resources Management Email: [email protected]

Presented by Rafatou FOFANA, PhD.

Hydrology and Integrated Water Resources ManagementEmail: [email protected]

Rockview Hotel, Plot 194/196 Adetokunbo Ademola Street, Wuse II Maitama, Abuja on 24th to 26th January, 2017

Local policies as a tool for the Ecohydrology and the Integrated Water resources management in the Volta basin:

Case of Ghana, Togo and Benin countries portions.

Presentation Plan

i. The Volta Basinii. Volta Basin Authorityiii. Challenges of TWRMiv. Local policiesv. Way Forward

The Volta Basin

Sub-basin Area (km2)

% Contribution

White Volta

104,749 20

Black Volta

149,015 18

Oti 72,778 26

Others 36

Volta River, 9th longest river in Africa, 1 850 km long;

It covers an area of 400 000 km2

The population of the basin mainlylives on agriculture, livestock and aquaculture , forestry;

• Basin population 18.6 millions in 2000;

• Projected to reach 33.9 millions in 2025;

• Rural pop. 70% ;

• Live on natural resources

VB Population

Rainfall and Agro-Ecological Zones

i. Spatial variability - south-north gradient;

ii. Medium-term variability -alternating dry & wet periods basin-wide;

iii. Strong spatial and short-term variability within a given season

• The Sudano-Sahelian Zone: 500-900 mm – BF and MA

• The Sudanian Zone: 900-1,100 mm – northern GH, CI, BE & TG

• The Guinean Zone: >1,100m; bimodal rainfall; southern GH

Development Infrastructure-Large Dams/Reservoirs

Small Reservoirs in the Volta BasinIn response to continuing drought

conditions –• Rapid upstream expansion of

small reservoirs since 1970s;

• 80% of small reservoirs in BF;• Future expansion expected;

• Predicted impact on hydropower generation minimal compared to climate change;

• Small reservoirs are important for water supply fisheries;

• But responsible for spread of some water related diseases.

Riparian Countries

Country% of Basin Area

% of

Country

Benin 3.41 12.1

Burkina Faso

42.9 62.4

Cote d’Ivoire

2.48 3.1

Ghana 41.6 70.1

Mali 3.12 1.0

Togo 6.41 45.0

The Volta Basin Authority (VBA)

Formally established in January 2007 by the Convention on the Status of the Volta River and Establishment of the Volta Basin Authority to:

i.Promote permanent consultation tools among the parties;

ii. Promote implementation of IWRM and the equitable distribution of the benefits;

iii. Authorize the development of infrastructure and projects that could have substantial impact on the basin;

iv. Develop joint projects and works;

v. Contribute to poverty alleviation, …and better socioeconomic integration in the sub-region.

Convention came into force August 2009

Permanent OrgansAssembly of

Heads of State and Govts.

Assembly of Heads of State

and Govts.

Forum of Parties

Forum of Parties

Executive DirectorateExecutive

DirectorateCommittee of

Experts Committee of

Experts

Council of MinistersCouncil of Ministers

Key VBA Staff : At post -50% of Technical Staff

xi. Hydrologists (2)xii. Asst. Legal Officerxiii. Webmaster;xiv. Bilingual Secretary;xi. Secretary (3);xvi. Communication Assistant;xvii. Library Assistant;

i. Acting Executive Director;ii. Deputy Executive Director;iii. Director of Observatory;iv. Director of Planning and IWRMv. Director of Administration and

Finance;vi. Head of Finance / Accounting

Unit;vii. Head of Legal Unitviii. Head of Translation and

Interpretation Unit;ix. Information Technology Expert

– Systems Administratorx. Procurement Specialist

PartnersTechnical and Financial Partners Consultative GroupIUCN PACO AFD IOEau GWP/WASONABELMinistère Français des Affaires Etrangères et EuropéennesOMVS CSIR INBO CSIR Water Research Institute Green Cross BF SIDAFAO Regional Office for Africa

Signing of Accords for Cooperation,

World Bank GEF African Development BankVolta River Authority SIWI Niger Basin AuthorityORASECOM WMOThe Development Institute – Ghana and Togo Amis de la Terre, Togo Organisation pour le Développement Economique et Social, BeninAKVO

• Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) of the Volta Basin, 2013

i. Changes in water quantity and seasonal flows;

ii. Degradation of ecosystems;a. Coastal erosion downstream of the Volta Basin b. Invasive aquatic species c. Increased sedimentation of river courses d. Loss of soil and vegetative cover

iii. Water quality concerns - agricultural, industrial and domestic pollution.

Challenges in TWM (1)

• Governance and Institutional Issues

i. Continuing unilateral development of water resources by the Member States ;

ii. Invisibility of VBA in Member States;

iii. Inadequate human and financial resources

Strategic Action Programme (SAP) developed in response to the TDA, 2014 within the context of climate change;

Challenges in TWM (2)

Hydrogeological units and groundwater monitoring network

Resources Monitoring Network with Remote transmission

of data

Network with non remote transmission / periodical data collection !!!!!!

Lake of availability

Resources Monitoring

• The Management of water resources occurs at differents levels in the various countries:

• In many cases, installed monitoring systems are not adequate

• Data and informations are not sufficient • Both public and private sector institutions continue to

operate sectorally

Resources management

Local Policies for water gouvernance

Summary table of local policies at Bole in Ghana (1)Activities/Solutions Challenges Target stakehloders Resources

(tools)Capacity building : education, law inforcement, sensitization

Siltation as a consequence of farming along the river bank

Farmers; communities helders; security agencies; traditional authorities; students; religious bodies; area councils; journalists

Media; religious bodies; logistics; funding; technical resources

Strong law implementation staifferpunishment

Illegal mining

Illigal miners=”galamsayers”; Security Agencies; traditional authorities; district assemblies;youth; NGO; Forestry; Mineral commission


Education; teersplanting; trees protection; Alternative sources for household; alternative livelihood; Drama groups (jeux de roles)

Trees cutting

Community memebers; schools; opinion leaders; security; NGO; Forestry


Education (drama groups) sensitization staiffer punishment;Fires belt creation

Bush Fires Fire volontiers; fires services farmers; traditional authorities hunters security agencies Forestry


Policies/ Activities/Solutions

Challenges Target / stakehloders Resources (tools)

Education (drama groups) sensitization staiffer punishment;Fires belt creation

Bush Fires Fire volontiers; fires services farmers; traditional authorities hunters security agencies Forestry


Education (drama groups) sensitization staiffer punishment;

Illegal method of fishing: pollution, biodiversity

Fishermen; ministry of fishing; NGO



Cultural practices: pollution

Traditional authorities; communities; NGO; District assemblies; WS Agency



overgreazing Herdsmen(fullany); Forestry; agriculture; security agency



Sand winning Traditional authorities; District assemblies; communities; Ministry of land and natural resources


Summary table of local policies at Bole in Ghana (1)

Summary table of local policies at Tanguieta and Materi in Benin (Sub-basin of the Oti / Pendjari)

Policies / Activities / Solutions

Challenges Target Main stakehloders

(i) Intensification of VBA communication

Improving knowledge on VBA

All socio-professional groups

All socio-professional groups

(i) Strengthening the capacity of the technical services of the City councils in IWRM

Taking IWRM intoaccount in PDCs

- Local development and planning department;- Technical service ;- General Secretariat ;- NGOs and Decentralized Services

- Local development and planning department;- Technical service ;- General Secretariat ;- NGOs and Decentralized Services

Summary table of local policies at Kara in Togo (Sub-basin of the Oti / Pendjari )

Policies Challenges targets Main actors

Popularization of VBA and IWRM texts at the local level

Bridging the information gap

- Regional Directorate for Water, Environment and Agriculture;- Civil Society, VBA, NGOs, Media

Regional Directorate for Water and Environment, VBA

Establishment of a consultation framework for local stakeholders in the sub-basin

Improving water and environmental governance

- Regional Directorate for Water, Environment and Agriculture;- Civil Society, VBA, NGO, Media

Regional Directorate for Water and Environment, VBA

Development of IGAs and capacity building of local actors

Safeguarding of river ecosystems

Civil society, NGOs, women's groups, associations;-technical services (Water, Environment, Agriculture

Civil society, associations (women), technical services, VBA

Ecohydrology problem tree in the Volta Basin

Synthese of confirmed challenges in the study area

Demographic expansion, climate change: Water shortage, Flooding Environmental issues: Land degradation, degradation of Water

quality, Water borne diseases, Loss of Biodiversity, Harmonisation of water governance policies

ScorePréoccupation Actuel futur Actuel futur Actuel futur Actuel futur Totalmajeures (a) (b) © (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)I. VARIABILITE DES ECOULEMENTS 1,9 2,5 1,6 2 1 1,5 1,2 1,5 13,2II. DEGRADATION DES ECOSYSTEMESAQUATIQUES/POLLUTIONS 0,8 1 1,4 2 1 1,5 0,6 0,8 9,1III. PROLIFERATION DES PLANTES AQUATIQUESENVAHISSANTES 1,3 1,5 1,1 1,5 0,7 1 0,7 0,9 8,7IV. DEGRADATION DES TERRES ET PERTE DE COUVERTVEGETAL 1,5 2 1,5 2,5 1 1,5 1,6 2,5 14,1V. PERTE DE LA BIODIVERSITE 1 1,2 1,3 1,8 0,8 1 0,6 0,8 8,5VI. MALADIES D'ORIGINE HYDRIQUE 0,5 1 1,5 2 0,7 1 1 1,2 8,9VII. EROSION COTIERE et DES BERGES 1 2 1 1,1 0,5 0,7 0,8 1 8,1

Types d'ImpactsEnvironnemental Economique Santé Social

Classification of Problems (Dec. 2011)Classification of Problems (Dec. 2011)

Way Forward

Autorité du Bassin de la Volta (ABV)Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Togo

Institutional Strengths and Weaknesses (1)Strengths Weaknesses

All the Member States have adopted IWRM policies and developed relevant plans

VBA does not have a Water Charter and Master Plan for the Volta basin,(the process is now on going for water charter elaboration)

VBA does not have adequate financing for implementation of its Strategic Plan

All statutory organs of the VBA Convention have been established

Statutory meetings are not held regularly

VBA and its partners have strengthened the knowledge base on the basin

The knowledge base on the Volta basin is not sufficient in areas such as climate change and groundwater resources


Institutional Strengths and Weaknesses (2)Strengths Weaknesses

Technical and Financial Partners continue to show interest in VBA activities

VBA is more well known by international organizations than by national organizations in the Member States

Financial support from the Member States is inadequate

VBA is an active member of the network of basin organizations

VBA does not have adequate human and material resources

Training is not organized within the context of the VBA Strategic Plan but on project basis


VBA Strategic Plan: 2010-2014Focused approach on priorities of the Volta Basin

• 5 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

i. Strengthening policies, legislation and institutional framework;

ii. Strengthening the knowledgebase of the basin;

iii. Coordination, planning and management;

iv. Communication and capacitybuilding for all stakeholders;

v. Effective and sustainable operations.

Outcomes: Strategic Plan 2014-2019

Strengthening of institutional framework and operationalization of all permanent organs;Technical and Financial Partners Consultative Group;Expansion of knowledge on the state of water resources;Recruitment of key staff;

VBA Observatory established

Some Achievements of the Observatory

Communication and information tools (Web site Catalogue of meta data;

Hydrometeorological networks and atlas of thematic maps on the Volta basin

Organisation of transboundary fora on WRM(e.g. Cartography, Agric. water, Water Quality, Groundwater, Water-related Diseases;

Baseline studies on socio-economic and environmental state of the Volta Basin;

Identification of stakeholders and assessment of their strengths and weaknesses;

Strategic Objectives

Involve VBA in integration and economic evelopment policies of the Volta basin – National ocal Structures;

. Autonomous and sustainable funding for VBA;

i. Participation and partnerships with water takeholders;

v. Strengthen the legal framework of the Volta asin; - Water Charter;

VBA Strategic Plan 2015-2019

Will Specify the roles and responsibilities of the asin countries on use of water resources;

trengthen VBA to promote coordinated and armonized water policies in the basin, and

efine guiding principles for improved ransboundary water resources development and

management.

Water Charter of the Volta Basin (1)

pecific Objectives are to determine rules, define rinciples and procedures for:

Allocating water resources among different sectors; Reviewing and approving new projects likely to have significant impacts; Preservation and protection of the shared ecosystems; Protection against pollution and harmful situations; Harmonizing national policies and legislation on water resources management; Information sharing and participation of stakeholders;Prevention and settlement of interstate conflicts;

Water Charter of the Volta Basin (2)

Strategic Objectives

Develop technical framework to implement IWRM f the Volta Basin; - Master Plan

i. Align the resources of VBA to implementation of s Strategic Plan – Institutional Assessment;

ii. Monitor and assess changes in the Volta basin; nd

iii. Strengthen VBA's communication –ommunication Plan

VBA Strategic Plan 2015-2019

Will incorporate development plans of the basin

countries and provide framework through which

nfrastructural investments in the Volta basin can

be mobilized in a sustainable, equitable and

efficient manner. Will also facilitate integration of

ssues such as climate change adaption and

environmental and social safeguards into

nvestment planning.

Master Plan for Development & Sustainable Water Management

Current ProjectsVolta Basin Strategic Action Programme Implementation Project (VSIP) – WB / GEFPartnership for Environmental Governance (PAGE) – IUCNFlood & Drought Management Tools Project – UNEP / GEFWater Climate and Development Project (WACDEP) - GWP Oti Hazard Assessment – World BankAKVOWISE-UP to Climate Change - IUCN

Volta Basin Strategic Action Programme Implementation Project (VSIP)

World Bank/GEF support (10.7m $): 2016- 2019

Development of Water Charter; Facilitating Dialogue, Monitoring & Project evelopment –Communication Plan; Implementation of SAP Actions –emonstration Projects in countries; Project Management.

VBA in Perspective Catalyzed by SDGs

Establishment / Convention in force -2009

Legal/Institutional Framework:

Water Charter -2018

Strengthening Data collection/Knowledge base/DM Tools /Partnerships

Technical Framework: Master Plan - 2020?

Capacity Building and Management: Human, Financial, Procedures

Contracting Authority -2025?

Mature and reliable VBA -Increased Water Coop.; >2030 ?

Possible collaboration mechanisms with partners

promote cooperation in research through exchange visits, consultations, and joint studies in areas of mutual interest. cooperate in providing specialized training for riparian professionals and other relevant target groups in areas of mutual interest.Update a set of indicators on aspects of water resources anenvironmental aspects of the basin.Confirm / propose monitoring networks to support thestimation of indicators, including data that will be neededcalculate indicators (surface waters, groundwater, watquality, land use, etc.)

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Documents

Local policies as a tool for the Ecohydrologyand the ...mucp-mfit.org/wp-content/uploads/Volta-Basin... · Hydrologyand Integrated Water Resources Management Email: [email protected]