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LOCAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PLAN
Transportation and Environment Committee August 14, 2012
PURPOSE
1. Provide overview of Dallas’ draft Local Solid Waste Management Plan
2. Obtain the committee’s recommendation for full Council acceptance of Plan
2
BACKGROUND
For hundreds of years, wastes have been dumped, buried, burned, or converted to another use
As total population has grown, so has urbanization and population density
Cities became challenged on ways to effectively and safely manage solid waste
Combination of plentiful and cheap disposal (via landfills) with strong industrial growth led to a general “just throw it away” mentality
3
BACKGROUND Dallas’ population is over 1.2 million people:
Has nearly tripled over the last 60 years Is projected to grow another 40% over the next 50 years
Dallas’ 1.2 million people generate 2.2 million tons of waste each year
Dallas manages this waste with a variety of targeted programs 4
BACKGROUND
0.5 million tons
1.7 million tons
2.2 million tons
0.5 million tons collected by City staff from single-family residential
1.7 m tons collected by private haulers from: Apartments Businesses / Industry Public Entities (schools,
government buildings, etc.)
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With population over 1.2 million, Dallas generates 2.2m tons of waste annually
0.5m tons from single-family households Discarded containers -- cans, bottles, jars Brush and yard waste Bulky items (old furniture, appliances, mattresses, etc.) Other: food waste, tires, paints, solvents, batteries, electronics
1.7m tons from Business/Industries/Apartments Apartments – very similar to single-family, less yard waste Businesses/Industries – varies widely
Restaurants – food scraps, grease/grit, paper, cardboard, containers
Office buildings – primarily paper
Landscapers/construction: yard waste, lumber, sheet rock, masonry, etc
Manufacturing / Industry - everything imaginable
Government facilities - primarily paper wastes from schools, post offices, courthouses, etc
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BACKGROUND: WHAT’S IN OUR 2.2M TONS?
2.2M TONS OF “WASTE” OR “RESOURCES”?
Like most communities over the last century, we have buried much of these resources in landfills. Solid waste planning focuses on maximizing re-use and minimizing burial of these resources.
ROUGHLY 85% IS RE-USABLE !
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Chemical, 1% Soil, 1% Ceramics, 2% Misc, 2%
Textiles, 5%
Wood, 6%
Food, 9%
Metal, 5%
Yard Trimmings, 20%
Recyclable Paper, 36%
Plastic, 8%
Glass, 5%
Typical municipal solid waste characterization, EPA 2001
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING Federal government requires states to have plans and
regulations to manage waste
Cities must either: Comply with their State’s plan (as refined regionally, here, by
North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG)) OR Create and accept a local plan that:
Is consistent with regional and state plans Meets the specific needs and goals of the city
Long-term planning now not only keeps us from running out of
landfill space, but maximizes the benefits from the re-usable waste stream
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State of Texas’ plan is broad by nature and intended to accommodate the entire state Small, rural communities Large, ultra-urban communities like Dallas, Houston, and San
Antonio Every other Texas community in between
NCTCOG regional plan Less broad than the state plan Intended to accommodate the 16-county North Central Texas
region (from small, rural Somervell and Rockwall Counties to much more intensely developed Dallas and Tarrant Counties and everything in between)
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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING
WHY HAVE A LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN?
We need our own plan – to serve as a long-term road map Mayor’s Task Force on Recycling suggested the need for a plan in 2003 Basic framework has evolved for several years through development and
implementation of progressive, strategic programs
Local, long-term planning now Builds upon the basic framework of programs already implemented and sets
the course for the future Keeps us from running out of landfill space – neither the state nor regional
plan is as focused on Dallas as a local would be Maximizes Dallas’ benefit from the re-usable waste stream
Dallas has a history of progressive and strategic solid waste programs OneDAY Dallas – once-weekly recycling and once-weekly garbage collection Monthly residential brush/bulk waste collection Electronics waste disposal and recycling Don’t Bag It – residents mulch their grass clippings, not dispose Recycling drop-off centers across the city Household Chemical Collection – periodic events and a permanent
collection center 10
Most importantly, it’s our job Protection of the public health and environment is the City’s
responsibility
Ineffective management of waste disposal has historically led to public health hazards (i.e., the illnesses and disease linked to waste buried in Love Canal in 1970s)
In addition, it is consistent with and builds upon our record of sustainability and provides a strategic, 50-year blueprint for developing programs to: Promote higher quality of life
Spur economic development
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WHY HAVE A LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN?
Plan development timeline
Aug 2010 – City awarded grant from North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) to develop a local plan
Feb 2011 – Council hires consultant to assist in plan
Feb-Nov 2011 – City, consultant, and Solid Waste Advisory Committee draft the plan
Nov 2011 - Draft plan submitted to Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for review
Apr 2012 - TCEQ approved draft plan
August 14, 2012 - Briefing to Transportation and Environment Committee on Plan
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DALLAS’ LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Establishes baseline conditions through assessment of the current solid waste system Residential waste collection (City equipment, manpower, and related resources)
Non-residential waste collection by private haulers
City facilities: McCommas Bluff Landfill and three waste transfer stations
Existing City programs for waste diversion (recycling, yard waste, scrap tires, electronics waste, etc)
Considers future growth and development of Dallas
Integrates input from the community in formulating vision and goals
Describes various methodologies for managing waste now and in future
Sets achievable goals that are consistent with Dallas’ priorities (Clean, Healthy Environment and Efficient, Effective, and Economical Government) while allowing flexibility to adjust as needed
DALLAS’ LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Plan goals Primary aim is re-using resources – not burying waste Targets
40% re-used instead of buried by 2020 60% re-used instead of buried by 2030 “Zero Waste” by 2040
It will take a genuine change in culture Burying waste is not a long-term sustainable practice Each waste item has value – to be recovered for beneficial re-use Change mindset from disposable society Landfill ceases to be a common disposal option
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DALLAS’ LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
ZERO-WASTE Is the ultimate goal of the plan Is achievable through progressively-tiered steps over next 30
years Voluntary and mandatory elements Extensive education, outreach, and training for businesses and
residents Can be accelerated through Public-Private Partnerships
Requires maximum resource recovery - which decreases landfill footprint
Strives for 80 - 90% re-use, leaving 10 – 20% to be disposed of in the landfill and drastically reducing landfill operations
Provides opportunities to convert recovered resources into Electricity Vehicle fuel Industrial fuel Other recyclables (paper, plastics, glass, etc.) that can be re-purposed
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ZERO-WASTE – STEPS TO GET THERE
10 steps recommended in Plan to achieve “Zero Waste” status 1) Recycle at apartments and businesses: Require waste haulers to provide recycling services to all of their customers
2) Start separating recyclables and yard waste in trash collection
3) Initiate composting program for all organic wastes (yard trimmings, food, etc.)
4) Require recycling of construction debris by ordinance
5) Promote “extended producer responsibility” for products sold at local retailers (such as electronics take-back programs)
6) Provide for bulk item reuse and recycling (ie, appliances, furniture)
7) Initiate and nurture a social marketing’ campaign to keep community informed
8) Provide education and technical assistance with each initiative
9) Construct a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) to segregate and market recyclables from the waste stream
10) Develop a Resource Recovery Park to convert waste products to energy 16
Example near-term initiatives (1 to 5 years) Plastic bag initiative
Plastic bags are a significant component of street, stream, and shoreline litter First banned in San Francisco (2007), also banned in a number of cities
including Los Angeles, Seattle, Austin, and the state of Hawaii Polystyrene Foam (commonly referred to as “Styrofoam”) cup initiative
Styrofoam cups are non-biodegradable (up to 500 years to decompose) Completely banned in China and at least a dozen of U.S. cities either have
banned or are working on bans Composting food and yard wastes – produces cost-effective materials for
parks, gardens, and yards or can be used to generate biogas Expand recycling to businesses and apartments
Businesses and apartments represent 77% of the Dallas waste stream (1.7 m tons of the 2.2 m tons annually)
This is a highly significant volume of re-usable resources to be diverted from landfills
17
DALLAS’ LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
DESTINATION: ZERO-WASTE (AND BEYOND)
18
Achieving the goal of Zero Waste by or before 2040 requires progressive actions
Current Initiatives
• Landfill Biotechnology • Landfill Gas Recovery • Construction waste “up-cycling”
Basic Resource Recovery
• Composting • Plastic Bag Initiative • Extend Recycling to Businesses, Multi-Family
Advanced Waste
Diversion
• Advanced waste-sorting to maximize recycling • Converting waste to electricity and/or other fuels
RECOMMENDATION
Accept the Local Solid Waste Management Plan: Meet our federal and state obligations to
manage our municipal solid waste
Keep our city clean and healthy
Promote best environmental practices
Maintain low sanitation fees
19
NEXT STEPS
Seek full Council acceptance of Local Solid Waste Management Plan on August 22, 2012
Obtain final TCEQ and NCTCOG acceptance of final Plan
Schedule future Transportation and Environment Committee briefings on: Plastic bag and styrofoam cup initiatives Composting program Recycling programs for apartments and businesses
20
21
APPENDIX
SOLID WASTE ADVISORY COMMITTEE*
Sam Barrett, TCEQ Solid Waste Section, Region 4 Greta Calvery, Waste Management Kathy Carlton, Apartment Association of Greater Dallas Erin Gorman, TCEQ Solid Waste Section, Region 4 Kathleen Graham, NCTCOG planner Susan Gregory Dreschler, DFW Green Alliance Lora Hinchcliff, Living Earth Linda Koop, City of Dallas Councilmember, Council District 11 Darryl Martin , Dallas County Administrator Rick Peters, GreenStar Recycling Fran Phillips, Keep Dallas Beautiful Wendell Withrow, Dallas Sierra Club Support to the Committee provided by Sanitation Services staff and consultant _______________________________ * Committee followed state rules under 30 TAC 330.639 22
SOLID WASTE ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Committee met formally on May 26, 2011
Committee held (announced) Public Meeting on July 14, 2011 to accept input on draft Plan
23
24
HIGHLIGHTS OF DALLAS LOCAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
CURRENT AND PLANNED WASTE DIVERSION
Generator 2011 2020 2030 2040 Single Family Diversion 160,000 171,000 185,000 198,000
Single Family Disposal 378,000 406,000 437,000 469,000
Multi-family Disposal 534,000 573,000 617,000 662,000
Commercial Disposal 1,261,000 1,354,000 1,458,000 1,563,000
Total Disposal 2,173,000 2,333,000 2,512,000 2,694,000 Total Generation 2,333,000 2,504,000 2,697,000 2,892,000
25
(tons)
PLANNED WASTE DIVERSION - 2020
Single Family Multifamily Commercial Total
Diversion (tons) 275,000 195,000 541,000 1,011,000
Disposal (tons) 302,000 378,000 813,000 1,493,000
Diversion rate 48% 34% 40% 40%
Generation (tons)
577,000 573,000 1,354,000 2,504,000
26
Increase Voluntary Programs
PLANNED WASTE DIVERSION - 2030
Single Family Multifamily Commercial Total
Diversion (tons) 458,000 401,000 997,000 1,856,000
Disposal (tons) 164,000 216,000 461,000 841,000
Diversion rate 74% 65% 68% 69%
Generation (tons)
622,000 617,000 1,458,000 2,697,000
27
Implement Mandatory Requirements
Single Family Multifamily Commercial Total
Diversion (tons) 575,000 539,000 1,307,000 2,421,000
Disposal (tons) 92,000 123,000 257,000 472,000
Diversion rate 86% 81% 84% 84%
Generation (tons)
667,000 662,000 1,564,000 2,893,000
28
PLANNED WASTE DIVERSION - 2040
Process Residual Waste
Voluntary Programs 2012-2020 2012 - 2014
Task Participants
Social Marketing • Marketing plan • Media buys • Volunteer training • Outreach materials
School groups Business groups
Contract assistance (if needed)
City Facility Zero Waste • Establish City “Green Team” representing City departments • Department goal setting (e.g., 75% diversion) • Increase recycling and organics collection, decrease solid waste
collection • Quarterly report to Green Team on Department progress
City Green Team All Department Heads
Producer Responsibility • Develop Council Resolution to support Product Stewardship • Support Texas Product Stewardship Council • Promote voluntary take-back efforts with local retailers
City Green Team
29
IMPLEMENTATION TASKS
Voluntary Programs 2012-2020 2012 – 2014 (continued)
Task Participants
Commercial Technical Assistance • Facilitate quarterly meetings with commercial service providers to identify specific
generators for technical assistance (such as restaurants and large generators) • Share information on priority generators • Concentrate activities on generators without recycling or organics collection
Commercial generators
Commercial service providers
Organics Collection • Conduct pilot project providing weekly collection of source-separated organics,
including yard trimmings and food scraps
Generators in pilot area
Bulk Item Collection • Conduct pilot project providing on-call collection of bulk items for reuse and
recycling
Generators in pilot area
30
IMPLEMENTATION TASKS
Voluntary Programs 2012-2020
2012 – 2014 (continued)
Task
Resource Recovery Park • Identify features of Resource Recovery Park, including new composting operation,
expanded self-haul drop-off facility for reuse and recycling (past fee gate, prior to tipping at landfill face), and new recyclables processing operation
• Develop basis of design
31
IMPLEMENTATION TASKS
IMPLEMENTATION TASKS Voluntary Programs 2012-2020
2015 – 2016
Task Participants
C&D ordinance • Consider new C&D ordinance • Hold stakeholder meetings • Consider developing new non-exclusive franchise agreements • Develop C&D ordinance
City Attorney C&D generators
C&D haulers
Commercial service provider requirements • Consider developing new non-exclusive franchise agreements requiring commercial haulers to provide
recycling services to all of their customers • Hold stakeholder meetings
City Attorney Commercial generators
Commercial haulers
Social Marketing • Provide Support to School and Community Organizations to assist with environmental stewardship,
outreach and education efforts
School groups Business groups
City Facility Zero Waste • Department technical assistance • Program monitoring • Quarterly report to the Green Team on Department progress
Green Team All Department Heads
32
IMPLEMENTATION TASKS Voluntary Programs 2012-2020
2015 – 2016 (continued)
Task Participants
Commercial Technical Assistance • Facilitate quarterly meetings with commercial generators and service providers to identify specific
generators for technical assistance (such as restaurants and large generators) • Target generators without recycling services • Set initial goal of 25 percent diversion for commercial sector • Monitor progress toward goal
Commercial generators Commercial service
providers
Product Stewardship • Monitor and support Texas Product Stewardship Council
Texas Product Stewardship Council
Organics Collection • Evaluate results of pilot and consider expansion
Generators in pilot area
Bulk Item Collection • Evaluate results of pilot and consider expansion
Generators in pilot area
Resource Recovery Park • Based on research and basis of design implement new reuse, recycling and composting activities
33
IMPLEMENTATION TASKS Voluntary Programs 2012-2020
2017 – 2018
Task Participants
Social Marketing • Hold business recycling recognition awards event • Green restaurant list published • Case studies published on website, newspaper, Chamber newspapers
School groups Business groups
City Facility Zero Waste • Department recycling recognition awards event • Program monitoring • Quarterly report to the Green Team on Department progress
Green Team All Department
Heads
Commercial Technical Assistance • Audit progress in obtaining 50% participation rate • Monitor and adjust program to achieve 75% participation
Commercial generators
Commercial service providers
C&D Ordinance • Evaluate the effectiveness of C&D ordinance changes
C&D generators C&D haulers
34
IMPLEMENTATION TASKS Voluntary Programs 2012-2020
2019 – 2020
Task Participants
Social Marketing • Evaluate the effectiveness of Social Marketing Activities • Update Social Marketing tools
School groups Business groups
Contract assistance (if needed)
City Facility Zero Waste Activities • Evaluate the effectiveness of City Facility Zero Waste Activities • Implement new City Facility Zero Waste tasks, as developed
Green Team All Department
Heads
Commercial Technical Assistance • Evaluate the effectiveness of Commercial Technical Assistance Activities • Implement new Commercial Technical -Assistance tasks, as developed
Commercial generators
Commercial service providers
35
IMPLEMENTATION TASKS
Mandatory Programs 2021-2030 2021 – 2025
Task Participants
Product Bans • Consider implementation of product bans, such as single-use plastic bags and
non-recyclable take-out packaging • Conduct research on bans or requirements applicable to the City • Hold stakeholder meetings • Report to City Council
City Attorney
Mandatory Recycling Ordinance • Consider implementation of mandatory recycling and composting requirements • Consider new mandatory recycling ordinance • Hold stakeholder meetings • Consider changes to non-exclusive franchise agreements • Develop mandatory ordinance
City Attorney Commercial generators
Commercial service providers
36
IMPLEMENTATION TASKS
Mandatory Programs 2021-2030 2021 – 2025 (continued)
Task Participants
Disposal Bans • Consider implementation of disposal bans, such as yard trimmings and
cardboard • Conduct research on bans or requirements applicable to the City • Hold stakeholder meetings • Report to City Council
City Attorney Commercial generators
Commercial service providers
Product Stewardship • Monitor and support Texas Product Stewardship Council
Texas Product Stewardship
Council
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IMPLEMENTATION TASKS Mandatory Programs 2021-2030
2026 – 2030
Task Participants
Mixed Waste Processing • Conduct research on new residual waste processing technologies
Plan Update • Review regional and state priorities • Evaluate the Plan elements and identify modifications and updates • Identify improvements to recycling, organics, bulk item, technical assistance, and
social marketing programs
Product Stewardship • Monitor and support Texas Product Stewardship Council
Texas Product Stewardship Council
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IMPLEMENTATION TASKS
Process Residual Waste 2031-2040
2031 – 2040
Task
New Recycling and Organics Collection Activities
New Social Marketing Activities
New Technical Assistance Activities
New Materials Processing Activities
39