Local Water Security Action Plan - REC Publicationsdocuments.rec.org/publications/Nefza_Tunisia7.pdf · 2017-04-10 · 2 L O C A L W A T E R S E C U R I T Y A C T I O N P L A N AUTHOR

Local Water Security Action Plan

NEFZA DELEGATION

TUNISIA

Local Water Security Action PlanNEFZA DELEGATION

2016–2020

Regional Environmental CenterSzentendre • Hungary

March 2017

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ATER SECURITY ACTION PLAN

AUTHOR Delegation of Nefza, Republic of Tunisia

CONTRIBUTORS Members of the Planning Team: Mohamed Mezeni, Delegate, Delegation of Nefza Hssen Maalaoui, Focal Point, CRDA Mohamed Ali Dellai, Local Coordinator, Delegation of Nefza Sihem Ben Salah, Head of Water Resources Department, CRDA Bechir Hmaidia, Technical Management of Water Resources, CRDA Moussa Salhi, Head of Department, Agricultural Training and Extension Agency Hmed Zammeli, Technician, Administration of Irrigated Regions, Nefza Lotfi Gawarri, Senior Engineer, Department of Afforestation and Land Protection Maher Tlaili, Senior Engineer, North Canal Water Company Hssin Dellai, Head of Health Committee, Delegation of Nefza Moktar Aloui, Vice-President, Administration of Sidi Al Barraq Dam Moktar Dawarfi, Technician, Local Service of ONAS Hbib Romdani, President of WUA Monder Joubelli, President of WUA

DESIGN AND LAYOUT Tricia Barna, Regional Environmental Center, Szentendre, Hungary

COPYEDITING AND PROOFREADING Rachel Hideg, Regional Environmental Center, Szentendre, Hungary

PUBLISHER The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC)

PRINTING Typonova

This publication was produced under the project “Sustainable Use of Transboundary Water Resources andWater Security Management” (WATER SUM), Component 2: “Water and Security”. The project is implementedby the Regional Environmental Center and funded by the Government of Sweden.

The publication does not necessarily reflect the views of the REC or of the Government of Sweden.

Copyright © 2017 Regional Environmental Center, 2000 Szentendre, Ady Endre ut 9–11, Hungary

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmit-ted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without theprior permission of the REC.

This and all REC publications are printed on recycled paper.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Introduction 4

Methodology 5

The local water security assessment 6

Strategic vision and principles 7

Local water security goals, objectives and targets 8

The local water security action plan 9

Implementation 14

Monitoring and evaluation 14

Annexes 17

ANNEX 1: Stakeholder analysis table 18

ANNEX 2: The composition of the multi-sectoral 24working group (planning team) and a list of other participants in the drafting process..

ANNEX 3: Results of the public opinion assessment. 25

ANNEX 4: Results of the indicator-based local water security assessment 32

ANNEX 5: Local water security goals and objectives 33

ANNEX 6: Identification of actions 36

ANNEX 7: Specification of actions 45

ANNEX 8: Prioritisation of actions 49

References.... 50

CONTENTS

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IntroductionNefza, a delegation of the governorate of Beja, is sit-uated in the northwest of Tunisia. As the unique ac-cess of the governorate to the Mediterranean Sea,with 30 km of coastline, the delegation is strategicallylocated. According to 2014 data, Nefza had a popula-tion of 48,101 living on its 61.27 ha of territory.

The governorate of Bizerte is located to the east ofNefza, and the governorate of Jendouba to the west.It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the northand by the delegation of Beja-Nord to the south.

Demographic structure

Nefza is the most populous delegation in Beja. Its pop-ulation of 48,101 is distributed as shown in Table 1.

Climate characteristics

Nefza has a humid climate: estimated average annualrainfall is 915 mm. The highest rainfall, 1,500 mm, wasin 1986. Snowfall in winter, especially in January, reaches400 to 500 mm at higher altitudes. Temperatures varybetween 6.8°C in January and 32.5°C in August.

Dominant vegetation

Arable land in Nefza is estimated at 20,550 ha:

● field crops – 14,640 ha;● arboriculture – 4,150 ha (olive, citrus and fruit

trees); and● industrial crops – 600 ha (tobacco and sunflowers).

Socioeconomic characteristics

Nefza has an unemployment rate of 18 percent. Therate of school enrolment among children between theages of six and 14 is 95.4 percent.

The most dominant activities in the region are agricul-ture, fishing and forestry. Forests cover 29,948 ha. For-est products (mainly pinyon pine, Aleppo pine, andmedicinal and aromatic herbs) represent an essentialsource of employment among the female labour force.

Public irrigated land is estimated at 2,548 ha, employ-ing between 100 and 1,200 seasonal workers and be-tween 1,100 and 1,700 farmers. The main productsare cucurbits (gourds), peppers and tobacco. Due tothe humid climate, these products are usually culti-vated at the end of the summer season.

Fishing is still an untapped source of employment:there are only 10 fishermen, who are supervised andfinanced by international organisations such as theWorld Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the ItalianNGO Cooperation for the Development of EmergingCountries (COSPE).

Main sources of water

The region of Nefza has important water resourcesthat are used for drinking and irrigation. The most im-portant groundwater resources are in Sidi Ahmed,Djebel Eddis, Bellif, the dune aquifer of Oueshtata,and the Sidi Al Barraq dam.

Water capacity and condition

In terms of water storage capacity in Nefza, deepsources supply 15.3 million m3. Surface wells store upto 5.6 million m3, and the Sidi Al Barraq dam containsabout 264.5 million m3. This means that the total mo-bile and usable water resources are 285.4 million m3.

The salinity of the deep groundwater in the region isbetween 0.5 and 1.2 g/l. The salinity of the water inSidi Al Barraq dam is between 0.5 and 1 g/l. Impor-tantly, wastewater discharges into the dam and theuse of chemical fertilisers affect the quality of water.

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Age (years)

0–4 5–9 10–14 15–19 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 < 60

Percentageof thepopulation

7.80 6.90 7.36 8.80 14.16 13.91 13.09 11.78 16.83

TABLE 1 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN NEFZA DELEGATION

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Water supply system

The architecture of the water supply network was basi-cally designed for shared public fountains and supervi-sion by water users associations (WUAs). This makessupply to individual households complex, and alsomakes it problematic to reach the currently unsuppliedpopulation. Such conditions generate social conflictsand encourage people to damage the network.

Water demand: Ratio of supplyand demand

The whole of the urban population is supplied withdrinking water by the National Company for Water Exploitation and Distribution (SONEDE). In rural areas,74.44 percent of the population is supplied withdrinking water: 31.27 percent are supplied bySONEDE; and 43.16 percent are supplied by the WUA.The average amount of water consumed is 54 l perperson per day.

Sewerage network and waste-water treatment facilities

All the urban population's wastewater is collected andtreated by the Tunisian National Sanitation Utility ONAS.In rural areas there is no sewerage network, which iswhy wastewater is collected in individual septic tanks.

Effects of climate change andextreme events

As a result of climate change impacts:

● the distribution of rainfall has changed over thelast four years, although the amount has remained the same;

● temperatures have increased;

● surface water has evaporated; and

● lack of rainfall has led to reduced flow in the valleysthat are the main suppliers of the Sidi Al Barraq dam.

These climatic problems have caused conflicts be-tween water users. Agricultural production has beennegatively affected, and soil erosion is evident. Floodsoccurred in 1969, 1973, 1986 and 2002.

Legal position and responsibili-ties of delegations in watermanagement

The delegation is the first political authority in the region, and the delegate is president of the local development council.

The delegation is not responsible for managing waterresources in the region. The urban area is suppliedwith drinking water by SONEDE.

Rural areas are supplied with drinking water bySONEDE and the Regional Commission for Agricul-tural Development (CRDA), represented by the WUAin terms of management. The irrigated area is sup-plied by the CRDA, represented by the WUA.

The role of the delegation is limited to oversight andcoordination between the WUA and the CRDA regard-ing debt collection and damage repair. The delegationis in charge of supervising general meetings held bydevelopment associations. In addition, the delega-tions receive citizens’ complaints regarding water-related disruptions and network damage.

MethodologyThe local water security action plan (LWSAP) for Nefzadelegation was developed through a participatoryplanning process in the first half of 2016. The baselinefor the development of the Nefza LWSAP is the dele-gation’s participation in the regional project "Sustain-able Use of Transboundary Water Resources andWater Security Management” (WATER SUM), Compo-nent 2, Water and Security (WaSe), implemented bythe Regional Environmental Center for Central andEastern Europe in cooperation with the InternationalUnion for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and theTunisian Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources andFisheries. The aim of the project component is to pro-mote a comprehensive and integrated approach towater security and ecosystem services and to con-tribute to the sustainable development of eight municipalities in the MENA region as part of effortsto combat water scarcity, reduce the threat of conflict,halt the downward spiral of poverty, biodiversity lossand environmental degradation, and increase humanwell-being within the wider context of regional peaceand stability.

The LWSAP for Nefza delegation was compiled on thebasis of the LWSAP methodology developed in the frame-work of the WATER SUM project (Lausevic et al. 2016).

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During the initial phase of the planning process, astakeholder analysis was carried out in order to iden-tify all stakeholders and to categorise and prioritisethem according to their interests, their level of in-volvement in water planning issues, their motivation,their level of knowledge, their relationships and theiroverall influence on water security planning (seeAnnex 1). Based on the stakeholder analysis, the fol-lowing main stakeholders were identified:

● the Regional Commission for Agricultural Devel-opment of Beja (CRDA);

● the National Company for Water Exploitation andDistribution (SONEDE);

● Sidi Al Barraq dam;

● the canal management and water conveyancecompany SECA du Nord;

● the regional hygiene department;

● the Tunisian electricity and gas company STEG;

● the water users association (WUA); and

● the national sanitation utility ONAS.

The Nefza LWSAP was then developed by a multi-sectoral working group, appointed according to theOfficial Letter for the Establishment of the PlanningTeam from the Minister of the Interior, Governorateof Beja, Delegation of Nefza, dated February 2016. Alist of members of the multi-sectoral working group(i.e. the planning team) and a list of other participantsin the drafting process are provided in Annex 2.

The assessment of current water security in Nefzawas carried out in two phases: a public opinion as-sessment; and an indicator-based local water securityassessment. In the first phase (the public opinion as-sessment), the local coordinator undertook researchbased on a questionnaire addressed to citizens andhouseholds. This was followed by an indicator-basedassessment for the administrative territory of Nefza.The results of the two assessments were used tocarry out a problem analysis.

Based on the results of the assessments and the iden-tified problems, the working group explored the plan-ning vision, goals and objectives, and determined theneed for action, and selected appropriate activities forthe development of the LWSAP for Nefza delegation.The action plan contained measures and actions toimprove water security, including a description ofeach measure, potential locations, responsibilities,additional specifications (such as additional benefitsor negative external impacts), as well as the prioriti-sation of actions (based on specific criteria).

The local water securityassessment

Public opinion assessment

The assessment was carried out in order to gain anunderstanding of the views, attitudes and experi-ences of the population in relation to water manage-ment, water governance and water security. A varietyof groups were selected, according to geographic location and social class. In the delegation of Nefza,502 samples were set up, representing 5 percent ofthe total population of 48,101 inhabitants.

An analysis of the results shows that 61 percent of people in Nefza do not have specific information aboutwater quality, and 32.1 percent depend on villagemeetings to have access to information. It was alsofound that the contribution of the media (television,radio and Internet) in terms of providing informationto water users is too weak (not exceeding 5 percent).

The rate of participation in the local water manage-ment planning process is just 22 percent — despitethe fact that a significant proportion of citizens (87.3 percent) expressed a desire to contribute to theplanning process.

In terms of water availability in the delegation ofNefza, 88 percent of citizens have access to drinkingwater. A significant proportion of drinking water (99 percent) is used in households.

The rate of water conservation (rainwater collection)remains low, not exceeding 48 percent compared tothe significant rainfall in the region (an annual rate of960 mm).

The following problems were identified by means ofthe public opinion assessment:

● There is a low level of knowledge about waterquality and a lack of awareness of the importanceof water conservation.

● Local communities do not contribute to water security planning.

● There are increasing tensions between waterusers as a result of the frequent breakdowns andwater outages, especially at peak times.

● The drinking water supply is not well managed,due to the poor level of training and lack of resources in the associations that oversee waternetwork exploitation.

● There is a total absence of sewerage networks inrural areas, giving rise to environmental problems.

● Rainwater is not harvested by households.

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Indicator-based local water security assessment

Indicators are used to measure different aspects ofwater security, by giving a numerical score. Each ofthe 15 indicators used is assigned its own score, rang-ing from 0 to 100. A higher score means a communityis closer to having ideal conditions for that particularindicator. Although the scores for each indicator maynot entirely reflect threats to local water security, theycan generally be assumed to give a fair reflection. Theaverage score for the index of resources (water avail-ability), which refers to the amount of renewablefreshwater that is available per person, is 0. The del-egation of Nefza has an average water availability of453 m3 per year per capita, which is very close to theworld average (500 m3 per year per capita). This is dueto the weakness of its groundwater resources. The in-dicator suggests that greater priority should be givento water conservation, water harvesting and findingnew water resources.

Potable water in the delegation of Nefza is of highquality and subject to ongoing surveillance by thelocal services of the Ministry of Health. Nefza is dis-tinguished within the region by having a fishing indus-try that, despite the difficulties encountered in thissector, represents a rich resource that requires sup-port from the relevant authorities.

The infrastructure in the delegation of Nefza is ableto meet demand, despite the large proportion ofwater losses. However, there is a need to reducewater losses in the network; and to reconstruct oldnetworks (for irrigation and drinking water).

The amount of potable water available per person istoo low, at 14 percent of the global average of 150 lper day per capita.

There are no diseases caused by drinking water. Theaverage rate of education and training is 75 percent.The average of 100 percent for training in water man-agement in the region of Nefza is due to selectionterms, as proficiency is a prerequisite.

Problems encountered

Following the results of the public opinion and indicator-based assessments, key (initial) LWS prob-lems in Nefza delegation were identified.

● Sustainable supply:

- High loss rates and lack of capacity for main-tenance and repair work in the water network.

- Lack of awareness about water conservationand water management practices.

- Lack of water harvesting at household level.

● Safe drinking water:

- Deterioration in water quality, especially inrural areas that rely on unprotected publictaps.

- Absence of sewerage networks in rural areasand its impact on water quality.

- Lack of awareness among citizens concerningthe importance of preserving water quality.

- Failure to conserve water resources and protect them from pollution.

● Effective governance and management:

- Poor water management (complex develop-ment).

- Lack of coordination between the various over-lapping parties in the water system.

- Absence of a local council for water.

Strategic vision andprinciplesAs defined by UN-Water, water security is the capacityof a population to safeguard sustainable access to ad-equate quantities of acceptable quality water for sus-taining livelihoods, human well-being, andsocioeconomic development, for ensuring protectionagainst water-borne pollution and water-related dis-asters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate ofpeace and political stability (UN-Water Analytical Briefon Water Security and the Global Water Agenda,2013). With this in mind, Nefza delegation will worktowards the implementation of the following long-term vision:

Water of sufficient quality and quantity availablefor citizens and managed using a participatory approach.

In order to fulfil this vision, Nefza delegation will iden-tify viable opportunities to implement and advancesix guiding principles of water security and incorpo-rate them in strategic decisions, decision-makingprocesses and daily operations:

● Long-term perspective

- Today’s water management decisions will betaken in the context of a long-term plan.

● Water for future generations

- A sustainable approach to water use will protectthe quality and quantity of water now and forthe future, benefiting human health and com-munities and promoting a thriving economy.

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● Integrated approach to management

- Water decisions will integrate multiple objec-tives and information pertaining to economicdevelopment, and to the ecological, hydrolog-ical and social aspects of water to achieve abalanced outcome.

● Partnerships and participation

- Collaboration in the development and imple-mentation of water management decisions willbe facilitated and improved.

● Value of water

- Water will be treated as a finite resource andused efficiently and effectively so as to best reflect its economic, social and environmentalimportance.

● Informed, risk-based management

- Water management will incorporate consider-ation of risks and be supported by researchand data.

Local water securitygoals, objectives and targetsThe main themes and strategic goals of the LWSAP2016–2020 for Nefza delegation are defined below.

● Action theme 1: Sustainable supply

- Goal 1.1 Reduce the rate of illegal connections tothe public water network by 90 percent by 2020

- Goal 1.2 Promote the harvesting and exploita-tion of rainwater

- Goal 1.3 Increase the rate of connection ofrural houses to the drinking water network by80 percent by 2020

- Goal 1.4 Increase the rate of exploitation andequipment in the public irrigation area

● Action theme 2: Safe drinking water

- Goal 2.1 Reduce the amount of used water dis-charged into the natural environment by 2020

● Action theme 3: Effective governance andmanagement

Goal 3.1 Enhance water management

Specific objectives and targets

The LWSAP goals will be realised by achieving specificobjectives for each action theme (see Annex 6 for de-

tails). The following objectives have been establishedfor local water security in Nefza delegation:

SUSTAINABLE SUPPLy ● Reduce the rate of illegal connections by

90 percent by 2020.

● Rehabilitate 80 percent of illegal connections.

● Increase the capacities of water users for operat-ing and managing connections.

● Build the capacities of the rural population forrainwater harvesting.

● Construct means for rainwater storage and harvesting.

● Maintain water networks in rural areas.

● Create 720 individual connections according tocertified technical standards.

● Avoid supply shortages in some of the isolatedareas in the delegation.

● Increase the rate of equipment for irrigation watersaving in the public irrigation area in Nefza from43 percent (2016) to 75 percent by 2020.

● Ensure a permanent and regular supply of irriga-tion water in the public irrigation area.

SAFE DRINkING WATER ● Connect 10 percent of houses with individual or

semi-collective sewerage facilities by 2020.

● Increase the reuse rate of treated used water (byseparating wastewater and grey water) by 5 per-cent in domestic gardens.

● In relation to public health, raise the awareness ofwater users by 30 percent on how to maintain goodwater quality during storage, delivery and reuse.

● Mitigate the calcification rate in drinking waternetworks.

EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE ANDMANAGEMENT ● Build the capacities of managers in 35 WUAs by

2020 with respect to administrative, technical, financial and legal management.

● Create a structure for water users.

● Organise work in the field of maintenance andmanagement.

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The local water securityaction planFulfilling the vision outlined above requires that avail-able resources be devoted to accomplishing the de-termined objectives and implementing thecorresponding actions that will permit the most se-vere water security problems to be addressed andallow the delegation to prepare for future challengesin this sector. These actions, divided according totopic, are described below.

Action theme 1: Sustainable supply

GOAL 1.1 Reduce the rate of illegalconnections by 90 percent by 2020Drinking water networks are subject to illegal interven-tions by water users, which lead to a high level of ten-sion, as indicated by the survey (17 percent of peopleare in conflict with other users to obtain drinking water).This has led to the deterioration of the networks.

The problem requires intervention by:

● empowering managers to manage individual con-nections;

● rehabilitating 80 percent of illegal connections; and

● building the capacities of water users to operateand manage connections.

Objective 1.1.1 Empower managers to manage indi-vidual connections

Training managers and building their capacities con-tributes to the saving of drinking water by showingthem how to use drinking water efficiently, and byraising the awareness of water users through trainingprogrammes related to drinking water consumption.

Action 1.1.1.1 Offering training programmes to rationalise drinking water consumption

Awareness campaigns were organised at the begin-ning of 2017 targeting households and aimed at pre-serving water resources and curbing excessive waterconsumption. The campaigns were implemented bya partnership between the health protection servicesand civil society organisations (CSOs) and with the in-volvement of the media. The campaigns included thedistribution of at least 1,000 leaflets on how to pre-serve drinking water. Householders were also trainedon how to save water.

Objective 1.1.2 Rehabilitate 80 percent of illegal con-nections

Illegal connections must be rehabilitated in order toenable all users to access water, to maintain water in-stallations, and to achieve equity among all users. Therehabilitation of 200 illegal connections is required inthe intervention area.

Action 1.1.2.1 Rehabilitating 200 illegal connectionsin the intervention area

At the beginning of 2017, the delegation and the com-mission services (maintenance department) will:

● undertake field visits to determine the extent ofthe damage and the number of illegal connectionsin a maximum period of three months;

● prepare a model for individual connections;● identify local expertise;● plan costs; and● introduce and connect the modern networks.

Objective 1.1.3 Build the capacities of water users tooperate and manage connections

The management of drinking water networks in ruralareas is the task of the WUA. The WUA is an electedbody that requires training in the field of manage-ment, given the lack of experience in connectionsmanagement. Water users must therefore be trainedon how to preserve public water facilities.

Action 1.1.3.1 Training water users on how to pre-serve public water facilities

At the beginning of 2017, the delegation and commis-sion service (maintenance department) will:

● organise information days in urban areas to raiseawareness among water users about the impor-tance of preserving public facilities for a sustain-able supply of drinking water; and

● distribute 500 leaflets explaining the role of citi-zens in maintaining public property and the dan-gers that threaten water security followingdamage to the network or its illegal use.

GOAL 1.2 Promote rainwaterharvesting and exploitationThe Nefza delegation has an important rainfall ratethat reaches an average of 915 mm per year, espe-cially in winter. This is not used or harvested, asshown in the survey (52 percent of water users do notharvest rainwater).

Rainwater harvesting should be a priority, since cli-mate change impacts and the high temperatures insummer, reaching 45°C, lead to a lack of water re-

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sources, especially in rural areas that are not con-nected to drinking water networks.

Rainwater use should be promoted by:

● building the capacities of the rural population onhow to harvest rainwater; and

● constructing means for rainwater storage and harvesting.

Objective 1.2.1 Build the capacities of the rural population on how to harvest rainwater

Successful rainwater harvesting requires building thecapacities of inhabitants of rural areas, who do not currently possess the required knowledge of rainwaterharvesting mechanisms or of how to use harvestedwater for drinking and domestic purposes, especiallyin the summer, bearing in mind that the Tunisian statesupports the use of storage mechanisms by allocatinga subsidy of 25 percent of the costs.

The construction of cisterns/reservoirs should there-fore be encouraged in communities that are far fromwater tables.

Action 1.2.1.2 Encouraging the construction of cis-terns in communities that are far from water tables

The delegation of Nefza will involve community rep-resentatives at the beginning of 2017 in:

● determining the number of affected people in isolated rural areas;

● preparing the required documents and a unifiedarchitectural plan;

● constructing the cisterns in partnership with aconstruction company; and

● providing grants or raw materials to the peopleconcerned.

Objective 1.2.2 Construct the means for rainwaterstorage and harvesting

In order to harvest rainwater, cisterns must be built insettlements that are not connected to the drinkingwater supply network, especially in interior rural areas.

The project will provide sufficient water for inhabi-tants for drinking and domestic use by introducing 50 cisterns in the delegation of Nefza.

Action 1.2.2.1 Installing 50 cisterns in the delegationof Nefza

Given the importance of the rainfall rate in the dele-gation (915 mm per year), which, according to the sur-vey carried out at the beginning of the project, is notharvested, the delegation plans to build 50 cisterns indetermining the spatial framework of the project;

● training the beneficiaries and raising their aware-ness of the importance of harvesting rainwater; and

● motivating beneficiaries in order to guarantee thesuccess of the project.

GOAL 1.3 Increase the connection rateof rural houses to the drinking waternetwork by 80 percent by 2020Many settlements are supplied with public taps,which leads to a high level of tension between users.

To solve this, it is important to maintain water net-works in rural areas.

Objective 1.3.1 Maintain water networks in rural areas

Drinking water networks are subject to damage as aresult of the shortage of capacities in the mainte-nance team. This leads to a high rate of losses, reach-ing 25 percent. To address this, 20 networks out of 35in rural areas must be maintained.

Action 1.3.1.1 Maintaining 20 water networks out of35 in rural areas

Given the current poor level of maintenance, due toa lack of financial and human resources, the delega-tion will coordinate with the CRDA and the develop-ment associations to:

● inspect the networks that require intervention;

● Identify work tools;

● set priorities; and

● implement the work and follow up.

Objective 1.3.2 Implement 720 individual connec-tions according to certified technical standards

Settlements that are supplied by public taps should beidentified, and houses should be connected to drink-ing water networks according to technical standardsin order to avoid water loss. A total of 400 housesshould be connected to the drinking water network.

Action 1.3.2.1 Connecting 400 households to thedrinking water network

In 2017, the delegation of Nefza will provide 400 fam-ilies with drinking water in cooperation with the CRDAand the governor of the area by:

● inspecting the old network and diagnosing imper-fections;

● identifying families that will benefit from having adrinking water supply;

● providing human resources and the necessaryequipment;

● assigning a construction company for the imple-mentation; and

● monitoring implementation.

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Objective 1.3.3 Avoid supply shortages in some iso-lated areas in the delegation

Some areas of the delegation, adjacent to the dam,suffer from a significant drinking water shortage. Thiscan be addressed by purchasing and installing threemobile purification and treatment units in order tosupply these areas with drinking water.

Action 1.3.3.1 Purchasing and implementing threemobile treatment units to supply some areas adja-cent to the dam with drinking water

At the beginning of 2017, the delegation will coordi-nate efforts with the CRDA in order to guarantee access to drinking water in areas adjacent to the damthat do not benefit from drinking water.

In this framework, they will:

● identify areas adjacent to the dam that do notbenefit from drinking water;

● inspect the networks in these areas;● assign construction companies to install filtering

units and connect them with the networks; and● follow up the implementation.

GOAL 1.4 Increase the exploitation andequipment rate of the public irrigationarea in NefzaNefza delegation has an irrigation area of 2,548 ha,supplied by Sidi Al Barraq dam, providing a source ofincome for more than 2,000 families. The exploitationof plots requires the use of effective irrigation toolsto reduce water losses, which reach 1.2 million m3 peryear. This problem requires intervention by:

● increasing the rate of equipment in the public irri-gation area in Nefza to save irrigation water from43 percent (2016) to 75 percent by 2020; and

● ensuring a permanent and regular supply of irri-gation in the public irrigation area.

Objective 1.4.1 Increase the rate of equipment in thepublic irrigation area in Nefza to save irrigation waterfrom 43 percent (2016) to 75 percent by 2020

The current equipment rate in the irrigation area isabout 43 percent, and this rate needs raising in orderto save irrigation water, bearing in mind that the statecontributes to plot equipment with a grant of 60 per-cent of the cost.

Action 1.4.1.1 Increasing the rate of developed plots inthe irrigation area with equipment to save irrigationwater from 43 percent to 55 percent by the end of 2018

Nefza has an irrigation area of 2,548 ha. At the begin-ning of 2017, the delegation, in partnership with theReal Estate Agricultural Agency and the Agency for

Incentives for Investment, will increase the rate ofequipment of non-equipped plots that will benefitfrom a grant of 60 percent. This involves:

● identifying exploiters that have not equipped theirplots;

● preparing the required documents for each ex-ploiter; and

● submitting the documents to the Agency for Incen-tives for Investment and following them up.

Objective 1.4.2 Supply the public irrigation area withirrigation water permanently and regularly

The good use of the irrigation area requires goodmanagement, through:

● building a tank to supply 1,000 ha in Wechtata andTouila regions;

● increasing the rate of individual meters in the irri-gation area by 15 percent by 2018; and

● fixing the main channel 800Ø that supplies thetanks in the two regions in the west of Nefza.

Action 1.4.2.1 Building a tank to supply 1,000 ha inWechtata and Touila regions

Wechtata and Touila regions are supplied via pump-ing, which does not ensure a regular supply. At thebeginning of 2017, the delegation of Nefza, in coop-eration with the canal management and water con-veyance company SECA du Nord, will:

● undertake an economic feasibility study;● assign a private construction company for the im-

plementation; and● undertake an assessment and follow up.

Action 1.4.2.2 Increasing the rate of individual metersin the irrigation area by 15 percent by 2018

Invoicing in the delegation of Nefza relies on estima-tions, due to the lack of meters. At the beginning of2017, the delegation of Nefza will coordinate with theDepartment of Irrigation Area Exploitation to:

● identify the total number of meters;● assign a construction company to undertake the

work; and● follow up the implementation.

Action 1.4.2.3 Repairing the main channel 800Ø thatsupplies tanks in the two regions in the west of Nefza

At the beginning of 2017, the delegation, along withthe CRDA (Maintenance Department), will:

● assess the amount of damage to the main channel;● identify the necessary items for the repair; and● assign a construction company for implementation.

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Action theme 2: Safe drinkingwater

GOAL 2.1 Mitigate the amount of usedwater that is discharged into thenatural environment by 2020Lack of sanitation in rural areas is one of the biggestproblems in the delegation. Intervention is needed inorder to address the negative impacts on humanhealth and to prevent environmental pollution.

The problem can be addressed by:

● connecting 10 percent of households to individualor semi-collective sewerage facilities by 2020;

● increasing the reuse of treated used water (by sep-arating wastewater and grey water) by 5 percentin domestic gardens; and

● raising awareness among water users by 30 per-cent on how to maintain good water quality dur-ing storage, delivery and reuse.

Objective 2.1.1 Connect 10 percent of households toindividual or semi-collective sewerage facilities by 2020

The absence of sanitation in rural areas requires in-tervention in the form of connecting 50 householdswith sewerage facilities, either individually or semi-collectively, through four steps.

Action 2.1.1.1 Connecting 50 households with sew-erage facilities through four steps

Most rural areas in the delegation do not have sew-erage facilities. At the beginning of 2017, the delega-tion will coordinate with the Sanitation Office and theMinistry of Health to connect households to seweragefacilities by:

● diagnosing situations one by one;● diagnosing the health and environmental impacts

of implementation;● making a list of the necessary equipment; and● implementing the work and following up.

Objective 2.1.2 Increase the reuse of treated usedwater (by separating wastewater and gray water) by5 percent in domestic gardens

Failure to reuse used water in the delegation of Nefzais leading to the loss of huge amounts of water thatcould be used for the irrigation of domestic gardens.This problem can be addressed by:

● installing sewers for treating used water in the intervention area; and

● adopting techniques for appraising used waterand for using animal waste to produce biogas.

Action 2.1.2.1 Installing sewers for treating usedwater in the intervention area

At the beginning of 2017, the delegation of Nefza, inpartnership with the Sanitation Office and the HealthProtection Service, will:

● define the intervention area;● identify the target households;● organise several days of training to raise aware-

ness among citizens;● undertake a relevant technical study; ● identify the cost and define the duration of the

implementation; and● assign a construction company for the implemen-

tation.

Action 2.1.2.2 Adopting techniques for appraisingused water and using animal waste to produce biogas

In order to appraise used water, in 2017 the delega-tion, in partnership with the Health Protection Serviceand CSOs, will:

● define the spatial framework that meets the required conditions;

● identify the parties concerned by this project;● provide training for the public and raise aware-

ness of the importance of saving water by reusingit and producing biogas from animal waste; and

● assign a construction company for implementation.

Objective 2.1.3 Raise awareness among water usersby 30 percent on how to maintain good water qualityduring storage, delivery and reuse

The Ministry of Health oversees the analysis of waterquality in the delegation, although water users are notinformed about this, as indicated by the survey (61 per-cent of people do not know about water quality). Thismeans that awareness needs to be raised about howto maintain water quality during storage, delivery anduse. This problem requires interventions to:

● develop and protect two estuaries in Wechtataand Nefza regions;

● rationalise pesticide use to protect water quality;● protect public taps and water springs; and● train people who exploit water resources (devel-

opment associations) on the health monitoring ofdrinking water points.

Action 2.1.3.1 Developing and protecting two estuar-ies in Wechtata and Nefza regions

The delegation of Nefza has important water resources (286.5 m3) and, by 2017, in partnership withthe municipality, will:

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● identify two intervention areas;● assign a specialised entrepreneur to carry out

work to a standard that protects water resources;and

● recycle waste.

Action 2.1.3.2 Rationalising pesticide use to preservewater quality

All exploiters use pesticides on agricultural land to in-crease production. The delegation, in cooperationwith the Agricultural Counselling Unit and the Agricul-ture and Fisheries Union, will

● organise training sessions for exploiters;● organise information days for exploiters before

the agricultural season;● distribute leaflets that explain the health risks and

negative impacts on water quality; and● introduce a sample area without pesticide use, as

a reference for other farmers.

Action 2.1.3.3 Protecting public taps and water springs

Some agglomerations are supplied from public tapsthat are not compliant with protection standards. Thedelegation will cooperate with WUAs to protect all collective supply points. This will involve:

● counting the number of public taps that are notprotected;

● studying production costs;● assigning a construction company for the imple-

mentation; and● ensuring assessment and follow-up.

Action 2.1.3.4 Training people who exploit water resources (development associations) on the healthmonitoring of drinking water points

The survey indicated a lack of knowledge on the partof most water users, and a lack of communicationmechanisms between health protection services andthe users of drinking points. By 2017, the delegationwill work on improving the knowledge of water usersand train them on the supervision process by:

● organising theoretical training sessions and high-lighting examples of the supervision method;

● distributing 1,000 leaflets that explain the super-vision method to households; and

● organising an information day with the participa-tion of the media to ensure access to information.

Objective 2.1.4 Mitigate the calcification rate in drink-ing water networks

Drinking water networks are subject to damage dueto repeated blockages, which contribute to the recur-

ring disruptions in water supply. These blockages,which are due to calcification caused by a chemicalreaction between oxygen and lime, can be remediedby installing block valves with submersible pumps.

Action 2.1.4.1 Purchasing and installing block valveswith submersible pumps to avoid repeated blockagesdue to calcification caused by the chemical reactionbetween oxygen and lime

By 2017, the delegation, in partnership with the CRDA, will:

● identify intervention areas (tanks and pressurebreakers); and

● implement the project via the rural engineeringdepartment, and follow up to ensure project effi-ciency.

Action theme 3: Effective governance and management

GOAL 3.1 Enhance water managementProjects are implemented in the delegation withoutthe participation of citizens, as shown by the survey(63 percent of people are not involved in local plan-ning), despite their willingness to contribute to thewater management planning process (87.3 percentare willing to participate).

Enhancing water management requires:

● building the capacities of managers in 35 WUAs by2020 in the field of administrative, technical, finan-cial and legal management;

● structuring water users; and● organising work in the field of maintenance and

management.

Objective 3.1.1 Build capacities of managers in 35 WUAs by 2020 for administrative, technical, finan-cial and legal management

Enhancing water management requires training theWUA bodies that oversee drinking water use in ruralareas.

Action 3.1.1.1 Supporting training for managers in 35 WUAs by 2020

In 2017, the delegation, in cooperation with the CRDAservices and training specialists, will deliver trainingsessions periodically, particularly for the 35 WUA bodies, to improve their management skills. The train-ing will include:

● motivating the association bodies that work vol-untarily;

● administrative skills;● accounting and finance skills; and● management and exploitation skills.

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Objective 3.1.2 Structure water users

Enhancing water management requires the establish-ment of a local water cooperative that includes all actors in the field of water at the local level.

Action 3.1.2.1 Creating a local water coordination body

Achieving local water security and meeting futurechallenges at regional and global level requires the es-tablishment of a local water coordination body. In2017, the delegation will cooperate with the localCRDA services and all concerned parties in the fieldof water to:

● organise an information day supervised by theprefect and the regional delegate for agriculturaldevelopment in Beja;

● involve all concerned people and local water experts;

● identify the parties within this coordination body;● agree on the coordinating parties; and● create headquarters for the coordination body

and provide essential means for its work.

Objective 3.1.3 Organise work in the field of mainte-nance and management

Due to the poor capacities of maintenance teams interms of fixing damage to drinking water and irriga-tion networks, especially in the summer, the delega-tion has to subcontract private maintenancecompanies to undertake the repair work efficiently.

Action 3.1.3.1 Creating a private contractor in thefield of network maintenance and concluding con-tracts with WUAs in the delegation

In the framework of supporting maintenance admin-istration efforts, the delegation, in partnership withthe CRDA and development association bodies, will:

● create a company specialised in water networkmaintenance;

● identify the weaknesses of associations in termsof connections;

● provide the associations with maintenance tools;

● sign system contracts between the company anddevelopment associations; and

● ensure efficient follow-up.

ImplementationThe LWSAP implementation plan describes how eachmeasure (and possibly each operation) will be imple-mented. It contains not only a description of the ra-tionale of the measures: it also includes a detaileddefinition of the beneficiaries and recipients and iden-tifies monitoring indicators and the types of actionsthrough which measures will be implemented.

Monitoring and evaluationThe implementation of the action plan is monitoredin order to see whether the project or the activity isdelivering the planned benefits, and so as to make itpossible to adjust the measures and activities in thelight of changing conditions and new knowledge. Thefindings of the monitoring process should be re-flected in the long-term future planning.

Steps in the monitoring of the LWSAP are outlined inTable 2, and monitoring indicators are listed in Table 3.

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TABLE 2 STEPS IN THE LWSAP MONITORING PROCESS

STEP DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE BODY

Setting up themonitoring workinggroup (LWSAP workinggroup)

The delegate of Nefza will establish the LWSAP working group,comprising representatives of all relevant departments of the cityadministration. This group will consider, for example, new data,new projects, implemented projects and activities, and criticalwater security developments.

Delegation

Setting up themonitoring process

The LWSAP working group will decide on the monitoring process,and in particular on:• The frequency of monitoring: The recommendation is for the

LWSAP working group to have yearly meetings. The meetingsare prepared by the LWSAP coordinator.

• The monitoring method: The LWSAP working group takes a jointapproach, and its reflections are based on a checklist thatincludes the action plan, the achievement of the action plan, anddemands for corrections and updated actions. The reflectionsshould initially be made verbally. If indicators are created infollow-up steps, the indicators can be used as an assessmentscale.

• Documentation of monitoring results: The results should bedocumented in written form to allow the communication of theresults.

• Communication of monitoring results: The monitoring resultsshould be communicated internally to the LWSAP workinggroup, and to the superiors of the sections and the heads of themunicipality. The monitoring documentation is firstly an internaldocument for self-assessment and to communicate the qualityof climate change adaptation and preparedness. It contributesto improving internal processes, with a focus on cross-sectorcommunication and cross-sector planning.

LWSAP working group

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TABLE 3 MONITORING INDICATORS

ACTIONS INDICATORS

Organising training programmes to rationalise drinking water consumption• Public opinion assessment in the target group before training• Public opinion assessment in the target group after training

Rehabilitating 200 illegal connections in the intervention area Following up implementation by the CRDA in Beja through reporting

Training water users on how to preserve public water facilities• Situational analysis and reporting• Public opinion assessment

Encouraging the building of cisterns in communities that are far from water tables Number of orders to build cisterns from the target associations

Installing 50 cisterns in the intervention area in the delegation of Nefza • Availability of water in the target settlements• Number of installed cisterns

Maintaining 20 water networks out of 35 in rural areas Elaboration of initial and final diagnosis and reports

Connecting 400 households to the drinking water networkNumber of target families (field diagnosis and elaboration of initial and finalreports)

Purchasing and implementing three mobile treatment units to supply areas adjacentto the dam with drinking water

Number of families that are supplied with drinking water after the installation ofpurification units

Increasing the proportion of developed plots in the irrigation area that haveequipment to save irrigation water from 43 to 55 percent by the end of 2018

• Initial and final diagnosis and elaboration of reports• Loss rate in the irrigation area before and after the introduction of

equipment

Fixing the main channel 800Ø that supplies the tanks in the two regions of the west of Nefza

Loss rate before and after fixing the main pipe

Connecting 50 households with sewerage facilities through four steps Field diagnosis

Installing sewers for treating used water in the intervention area Field diagnosis

Adopting the technique of appraising used water and using animal waste to producebiogas

Initial and final diagnosis and report elaboration

Developing and protecting two estuaries in Wechtata and Nefza regions Following up the implementation and elaborating initial and final reports

Protecting public taps and developed water springs• Assessment of the target group before and after the agricultural season• Initial and final diagnosis to follow up implementation

Training people who exploit water resources (development associations) on the healthmonitoring of drinking water points

• Number of days dedicated to the training• Initial and final assessment of the target group

Purchasing and installing block valves with submersible pumps to avoid repeatedblockages due to calcification caused by the chemical reaction between oxygen and lime

• Number of cases of damage due to blockages• Periodic follow-up of water quality after the installation of the valves

Supporting training for 35 managers in WUAs by 2020 Number of associations created

Creating a local water coordination bodyProportion of citizens participating in local planning through public opinionassessment

Creating a company specialised in network maintenance and supporting associationsby the acquisition of a connecting sector and signing systems contracts between theassociations and the construction company

• Number of interventions to repair damage• Water loss rate before and after the formation of the company• Number of disruptions before and after the formation of the company

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Annexes

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NAME OF ORGANISATION/GROUP

INTEREST

(H/M/L)

WHAT ARE THEIR CURRENTLEVELS OF INVOLVEMENT INWATER MANAGEMENTPLANNING, AND WHATASPECTS OF LWSAP ARETHEY (LIKELY TO BE) MOSTINTERESTED IN?

IF INVOLVEMENT AND/OR INTEREST ISL/M, HOW MIGHT WE MOTIVATEENGAGEMENT WITH LWSAP? WHATBENEFITS MIGHT THEY DERIVE FROMBEING MORE INVOLVED IN LWSAP?

LEVEL OFKNOWLEDGEABOUT WATER-RELATED ISSUES(H/M/L)

Regional Commission forAgricultural Development(CRDA), Department ofWater and Rural Equipment,Division for AgriculturalProduction and Extension

Administration of IrrigatedRegions in Nefza

H M

• Human support (recruitment managersand workers)

• Financial support (provision of means of action, transportation, logistics)

• Training (platforms and methodology of work)

• Exchange of expertise and experience athome and abroad

H

Local maintenance service H M Same as above H

Territorial Agricultural Unit M M Same as above M

Financial Management andSubsidies Service

M M Same as above M

Forestry Department M L Same as above M

Administration for Waterand Land Conservation

M L Same as above M

Agricultural InvestmentPromotion Agency

M L Same as above M

Local Administration ofForest and PastureDevelopment in theNorthwest

L L Same as above L

Local Union of Agricultureand Fishing

L L L

Agency of AnimalProduction

M M Same as above L

Annex 1: Stakeholder analysis table

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ACCESS TO HIGH-QUALITYINFORMATION ABOUTWATER-RELATED ISSUES(H/M/L)

INFLUENCE ONWATER MANAGEMENT(H/M/L)

COMMENTS ON INFLUENCE (E.G. ATTITUDES TO WATERMANAGEMENT PLANNING, TIMES OR CONTEXTS IN WHICH THEY HAVEMORE/LESS INFLUENCE)

ANY IMPORTANT RELATIONSHIPS WITHOTHER STAKEHOLDERS? (E.G. CONFLICTS/ALLIANCES)

H H

• Each part is very important in localplanning, although the Ministry ofAgriculture plays the biggest role

• Local planning based on a participatoryapproach

• A cooperative relationship is establishedbetween the delegation and local and regionaladministrations

• There is a competitive relationship betweenthe rural engineering and the sanitationdepartments; and between the ruralengineering and hygiene departments

H H Same as above Same as above

H M Same as above Same as above


H L Same as above Same as above




H L


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INTEREST(H/M/L)




Agricultural Land Agency(AFA) (regionalorganisation, part of theCRDA)

L L

• Improve legislation to avoid sharedownership of agricultural land

• Provide training and improve cooperationwith other departments

L

North Canal Water Company

H H H

National Water DistributionUtility (SONEDE) H H

Local administration of Sidi Al Barraq dam

HMInvolved in water management foragriculture only

H

Local Sanitation Service(ONAS)

M M L

Agency for CoastlineProtection

L L Interested in coastal waters only L

Hygiene (Sanitary Service) H H L

Delegation H MGreater involvement in coordination and conflictresolution

H

Mayors H MGreater involvement in coordination and conflictresolution

H

National Police L L L

Delegation department incharge of equipment

M L Human resources support and training L

Regional Commission forTourism of Bizerte

L L Greater coordination L

General Commission forRegional Development

HH M M

Tunisian Electricity and Gas Company

H M H

Local Financial Service HH L L

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ACCESS TO HIGH-QUALITYINFORMATIONABOUT WATER-RELATED ISSUES(H/M/L)

INFLUENCE ON WATERMANAGEMENT (H/M/L)

COMMENTS ON INFLUENCE(E.G. ATTITUDES TO WATERMANAGEMENT PLANNING, TIMESOR CONTEXTS IN WHICH THEYHAVE MORE/LESS INFLUENCE)


H L No relationships

H H Connected with all units of the CRDA

Medium access toinformation. No access tosome information in thehands of the CRDA.

H Same as above Same as above

HHConnected to the CRDA

Same as above Same as above

H LConnected to wastewater only, thus has littleinfluence

No relationships

H L

M H Influence on water quality monitoring Connected to ONAS and SONEDE

L H Cooperates with other stakeholders

L H Cooperation with other stakeholders

L L

L L Connected with local canals No relationships

L L Connected with SONEDE

L M Connected with development councils

L H Connected with SONEDE

L H Connected with development councils

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INTEREST(H/M/L)




Micro-credit associations(Jbel Labyed)


Micro-credit associations(ANDA)


Development council of Al Jamil

H HInterested in drinking water distribution in ruralregions

H

Development council ofGmara

H H Same as above H

Development council ofGhawawra

H H Same as above H

Development council ofZaga

H H Same as above H

Development council ofBouzena

H H Same as above H

Development council ofBougarnouna

H H Same as above H

Development council ofDjbel Ediss

H H Same as above H

Development council ofOued Edamous

H H Same as above H

Development council ofEnnouhoudh

H HInterested in potable water distribution forfarmers

H

Development council ofWifak

H H Same as above H

Development council ofOueshtata

H H Same as above H

Development council ofTouila

H H Same as above H

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ACCESS TO HIGH-QUALITYINFORMATIONABOUT WATER-RELATED ISSUES(H/M/L)

INFLUENCE ON WATERMANAGEMENT (H/M/L)

COMMENTS ON INFLUENCE (E.G. ATTITUDES TO WATERMANAGEMENT PLANNING, TIMES OR CONTEXTS IN WHICH THEY HAVEMORE/LESS INFLUENCE)


L L Credits for farmers Connected with development councils and farmers

L L Credits for farmers Connected with development councils and farmers

L HImportant role or influence in waterdistribution and management

Connected with SONEDE and the CRDA

L H Same as above Same as above







L HManagement and water distribution foragricultural use (H)

Connected with CRDA and SONEDE




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NAME POSITION IN INSTITUTION INSTITUTION

Mohamed Mezeni Delegate Delegation of Nefza

Hssen Maalaoui Focal Point CRDA

Mohamed Ali Dellai Local Coordinator Delegation of Nefza

Sihem Ben Salah Head of the Water Resources Department CRDA

Bechir Hmaidia Technical Management of Water Resources CRDA

Moussa Salhi Head of Department Agricultural Training and Extension Agency

Hmed Zammeli Technician Administration of Irrigated Regions, Nefza

Lotfi Gawarri Senior EngineerDepartment of Afforestation and LandProtection

Maher Tlaili Senior Engineer North Canal Water Company

Anis Riahi EngineerNational Company for Water Exploitation andDistribution

Annex 2: The composition of the multi-sectoralworking group (planning team) and a list of otherparticipants in the drafting process

Hssin Dellai Head of Health Committee Delegation of Nefza

Moktar Aloui Vice-president Administration of Sidi Al Barraq dam

Moktar Dawarfi Technician Local Service of ONAS

Hbib Romdani President WUA

Monder Joubelli President WUA

25

LO

CA

L W

AT

ER

SE

CU

RIT

Y A

CT

ION

PL

AN

Annex 3: Results of the public opinion assessmentThe public opinion assessment involved the distribution of around 60 questionnaires to families in all regionsof the delegation of Nefza.

CHART 1.1

CHART 1.2

CHART 1.3

1. Information flow

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CHART 1.4

CHART 1.5

CHART 1.6

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CHART 1.7

CHART 2.1

CHART 2.2

2. Water governance

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CHART 3.1

CHART 3.2

CHART 3.3

3. Water utilisation patterns

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CHART 3.4

CHART 4.1

CHART 4.2

4. Public awareness

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CHART 5.1

CHART 5.2

6. Water availability

CHART 6.1

5. Water-related tensions

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CHART 6.2

CHART 6.3

CHART 6.4

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Annex 4: Results of the indicator-based localwater security assessment

COMPONENT INDICATOR SCORE (0 – 100)VULNERABILITY INDICES(low for score above 80; medium for scorebetween 60 and 80; high for score below 60)

Resource

Availability 0 Low

Supply 50 Low

Demand 45 Low to medium

Ecosystem health

Stress 92.3 Low

Quality 65 Medium

Fish 75 Medium

Infrastructure

Demand 100 Low

Condition 80 Medium

Treatment 60 Medium

Human health

Access 14 Low

Reliability 100 High

Impact 100 High

Capacity

Financial 0 Low

Education 75 Medium to high

Training 100 High

Final score 56.44/100 Vulnerable situation

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

List of problems identified(make a compiled list ofproblems’ manifestation; avoid solutions in problems’definition)

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Annex 5: Local water security goals and objectives

Country Tunisia

Name of LSG unit Nefza delegation

LWS vision statement Water of sufficient quality and quantity available for citizens, managed using a participatory approach

Action theme 1 Sustainable supply

Goal 1.1 Reduce the rate of illegal connections to the public water network by 90% by 2020

OBJECTIVE STATEMENTREFERENCE TO PROBLEM STATEMENT

TARGETS

Objective 1.1.1

Enhance the ability of managers tomanage individual connections andconvert properties to multiple ratherthan individual connections

Illegal connections cause a high level ofwater losses and high risks of watercontamination

Capacity of water managers built interms of water supply systems

Objective 1.1.2 Rehabilitate 80% of the total randomlinks by the year 2020

A high percentage of water consumershave no sustainable access to water

Rehabilitation of 80% of individualconnections by 2020

Objective 1.1.3 Build the capacities of water users tooperate and manage connections

Weak water management on the partof water users associations.

Capacities of 80% of WUAs built by 2020

Goal 1.2 Promote rainwater harvesting and exploitation

Objective 1.2.1Build the capacities of the ruralpopulation on how to harvestrainwater

Lack of awareness of the need forrainwater storage

Capacities of the rural populationbuilt in terms of how to harvestrainwater

Objective 1.2.2 Construct the means for rainwaterstorage and harvesting

• Rainwater is not harvested in spiteof its abundance (precipitation issignificant in the delegation)

• There is a lack of awareness aboutharvesting the available rainwaterresources

• Water resources (rainwater) saved• Rainwater used in households and

for gardening

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Goal 1.3 Increase the connection rate of rural houses to the drinking water network by 80% by 2020


TARGETS


• Lack of preventive and curativemaintenance intervention to repairdamage

• Long-term water disruptions,especially at peak times (summer)

• High frequency of illegalconnections due to weakintervention

• Citizens enabled to have access todrinking water

• Tensions between citizensmitigated

Objective 1.3.2Implement 720 individualconnections according to certifiedtechnical standards

Households have no access todrinking water as a result of illegalinterventions in water networks

• Families enabled to access drinkingwater

• Tensions between citizensmitigated by supplying them withsafe drinking water points

Objective 1.3.3 Avoid supply shortages in someisolated areas in the delegation

• Shortage of drinking water supplyin areas adjacent to the dam

• High frequency of tensions due tothe lack of access to water forhouseholds

• Better access to water ensured forcitizens adjacent to the dam

• Water disruptions avoided in theseareas

Goal 1.4 Increase the exploitation and equipment rate of the public irrigation area in Nefza

Objective 1.4.1

Increase the equipment rate of thepublic irrigation area in Nefza tosave irrigation water from 43%(2016) to 75% by 2020

• Lack of equipment leads to overuseof water and water waste

• Production is weakened due toreliance on traditional irrigationmethods

• Equipped plots contributing torationalising consumption andsaving irrigation water

• Equipped plots enabling exploitersto increase production

• Improved soil quality

Objective 1.4.2Supply the public irrigation areawith irrigation water permanentlyand regularly

• There is a huge lack of supply inexploited areas, notably duringperiods of high demand

• Water supply is irregular• Deterioration of cultivation due to

lack of water

• Water regularly available for allexploiters of agricultural land

• Increased production andimprovement in farmers’ financialsituation

Action theme 2 Safe drinking water

Goal 2.1 Mitigate the amount of used water that is discharged into the natural environment by 2020

Objective 2.1.1Connect 10% of households withindividual or semi-collectivesewerage facilities by 2020

• Most rural areas in the delegationdo not have sewerage facilities

• Deterioration of water quality• Pollution of the environment

10% of households connected by 2020

Objective 2.1.2

Increase the use of treated used waterin domestic gardens (by separatingwastewater and grey water) by 5% by 2020

Used water is not reused, thus waterusers lack the benefits

The rate of reuse of used waterincreased by 5% by 2020

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TARGETS

Objective 2.1.3

Raise awareness among water usersby 30% on how to maintain goodwater quality during storage,delivery and reuse

Most users lack awareness of how tomaintain water quality

Raise awareness of water users by 30%by the end of 2020

Objective 2.1.4 Mitigate the calcification rate indrinking water networks.

• Water channel blockages• Inaccessibility of water by users• Increase in leakage rate and high

frequency of interventions torepair the networks

• Deterioration of water quality

• Good drinking water ensured• Water losses mitigated• Drinking water networks

maintained

Action theme 3 Effective governance and management


Objective 3.1.1

Build the capacities of managers in 35 WUAs by 2020 in terms ofadministrative, technical, financial andlegal management

Weak management in water councilsleads to problems between water users

Capacities of 35 WUAs built by 2020

Objective 3.1.2 Structure water usersThere is a lack of coordination betweenadministrations specialising in water

Coordination events implemented by2020

Objective 3.1.3 Organise work in the field ofmaintenance and management

• Weakness of local maintenanceteam interventions due to theweakness of financial and humanresources

• Water disruption for long periods,notably at peak times

• Inability of associations tointervene and lack of confidence inthe administration among citizens

• Access to water ensured as a resultof rapid interventions to repairdamage by 2020

• A climate of trust created betweencitizens and the administration

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Annex 6: Identification of actions

Country Tuninsia


LWS vision statement Water of sufficient quality and quantity available for citizens, managed using a participatory approach

No. Action

Description of action(including listof activities)

Experience with thistype of action todate

General suitability for problemsolving

Relev

ant loc

ation(

s)(if

applica

ble)

Alreadybeingrealised

Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)

Effects onproblem(s)/risk reduction

Action theme 1 Sustainable distribution of adequate quantities of high-quality water

Goal 1.1 Reduce the rate of illegal connections to the public water network by 90% by 2020

Objective 1.1.1 Empower managers to manage individual connections

1.1.1.1

Offeringtrainingprogrammesto rationalisedrinkingwaterconsumption

• Organising awareness campaigns at thebeginning of 2017 targeting households in orderto preserve water resources and curb theexcessive consumption of water, throughpartnership with health protection services andCSOs and with the involvement of the media.Campaigns include the distribution of at least1,000 leaflets on how to save drinking water.

• Training households on how to save water.

Yes No

Householdslack sufficientknowledge ofhow drinkingwater shouldbe consumed,which leads toexcessiveconsumption

• Involving citizensis an importantway to changepublic behaviour,as illustrated bythe survey thataffirmed a lack ofknowledge.

• Households needtraining in orderto raise theirawareness.

Objective 1.1.2 Rehabilitate 80% of illegal connections

1.1.2.1

Rehabilitating200 illegalconnections intheinterventionarea

At the beginning of 2017, the delegation andthe CRDA (Maintenance Department) will: • undertake field visits to determine the extent ofdefects and the number of illegal connections ina maximum period of three months;

• prepare a schedule for individual connections;• invite local experts to participate;• define the costs; and• implement the connections to modern networks.

No No

Loss rates andweakness ofmaintenancecapacitiesaddressed

• Regular access to water

• Wisemanagement ofdrinking waterdistribution

Objective 1.1.3 Build the capacities of water users to operate and manage connections

1.1.3.1

Training waterusers on howto preservepublic waterfacilities

At the beginning of 2017, the delegation andCRDA (Maintenance Department) will: • organise information days in urban areas toraise the awareness of water users about theimportance of preserving public facilities for asustainable supply of drinking water; and

• distribute 500 leaflets that explain the role ofcitizens in maintaining public property and thedangers that threaten water security whennetworks are damaged or used illegally.

No No

• Damage to publicfacilities as a resultof repeated andirresponsibleinterventions

• Disruption of waterpermanently as aresult of networkdamage.

• Maintaining water equipment in internal regions

• Raising awareness of citizens about maintaining

water facilities

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No. Action




Relev

ant loc

ation(

s)(if

applica

ble)


Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


Goal 1.2 Promote rainwater harvesting and exploitation

Objective 1.2.1 Build the capacities of the rural population on how to harvest rainwater

1.2.1.1

Encouraging theconstruction ofcisterns incommunities thatare far from watertables

The delegation of Nefza will involvecommunity representatives at thebeginning of 2017 to:• determine the number of concernedpeople in isolated rural areas;

• prepare the required documents and aunified architectural plan;

• carry out implementation with aconstruction company; and

• provide the people concerned withgrants or raw materials.

No No

• Rainwater isnot harvestedby households

• Rainwater isdevalued

• Maintainingwater resources

• Valuing the useof waterresources inagriculturalproduction

• Maintainingenvironmentalsafety

• Raising familyincomes(economicfeasibility)

Objective 1.2.2 Construct the means for rainwater storage and harvesting

1.2.2.1

Installing 50cisterns in theintervention area of the delegation ofNefza

Given the importance of the rainfall ratein the delegation (915 mm/year), which isnot harvested according to the surveycarried out at the beginning of theproject, the delegation will build 50 cisterns in 2017. This requires:• determining the spatial framework of theproject;

• training the beneficiaries and raising theirawareness of the importance of collectingrainwater; and

• motivating the beneficiaries in order toguarantee project success.

No No

• Rainwater isnot harvestedin spite of itsabundance(precipitation issignificant in thedelegation).

• There is a lackof awarenessaboutharvesting theavailablerainwaterresources.

• Maintaining water resources(rainwater)

• Using rainwater in householdsand forgardening

Goal 1.3 Increase the connection rate of rural houses to the drinking water network by 80% by 2020


1.3.1.1

Maintaining 20water networks outof 35 in the ruralarea

Given the poor maintenance due to the lackof financial and human resources, thedelegation will coordinate with the CRDAand the development associations to:• undertake a study to inspect networksthat require intervention;

• identify work tools;• set priorities; and• implement and follow up.

No No

• Lack ofpreventive andcurativemaintenanceintervention torepair damage

• Long-term waterdisruptions,especially atpeak times(summer)

• High frequencyof illegalconnections dueto weakintervention

• Enablingcitizens to haveaccess todrinking water

• Mitigatingtensionsbetween citizens

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Relev

ant loc

ation(

s)(if

applica

ble)


Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


Objective 1.3.2 Implement 720 individual connections according to certified technical standards

1.3.2.1

Connecting 400households to thedrinking waternetwork

In 2017, the delegation of Nefza, incooperation with the CDRA and thegovernor of the area, will provide 400families with drinking water by: • inspecting the old network anddiagnosing imperfections;

• identifying families that will benefitfrom drinking water;

• providing human capacities and thenecessary equipment;

• assigning a construction company forimplementation; and

• following up implementation byspecialised parties.

Householdshave no accessto drinkingwater as aresult of illegalinterventions inwater networks

• Enabling families tohave access todrinking water

• Mitigating tensionsbetween citizens bysupplying them withsafe drinking waterpoints

Objective 1.3.3 Avoid supply shortages in some isolated areas in the delegation

1.3.3.1

Purchasing andinstalling threemobile treatmentunits to supply someareas adjacent to thedam with drinkingwater

At the beginning of 2017, the delegation willcoordinate with the CRDA in order toenhance efforts to guarantee access todrinking water in areas adjacent to the damthat do not benefit from drinking water.In this framework, they will:• identify the areas adjacent to the dam thatdo not benefit from drinking water;

• inspect the network in these areas;• assign a construction company to installfiltering units and connect them with thenetwork; and

• follow up the implementation.

• Shortage ofdrinkingwater supplyin areasadjacent tothe dam

• Highfrequency oftensions dueto the lack ofaccess towater forhouseholds

• Ensuring better accessto water for citizensadjacent to the dam

• Avoiding waterdisruptions in theseareas

Goal 1.4 Increase the exploitation and equipment rate of the public irrigation area in Nefza

Objective 1.4.1 Increase the rate of equipment of the public irrigation area in Nefza to save irrigation water from 43% (2016) to 75% by 2020

1.4.1.1

Increasing the rateof developed plots inthe irrigation areawith equipment tosave irrigation waterfrom 43% to 55% bythe end of 2018

In the delegation of Nefza, there is anirrigation area of about 2,548 ha. At thebeginning of 2017, the delegation, inpartnership with the Real Estate AgriculturalAgency and the Agency of Incentives forInvestment, will increase the rate ofequipment of non-equipped plots thatbenefit from a grant of 60%. This will involve:• identifying a list of exploiters that do nothave equipped plots;

• preparing documents for each exploiterthat meet the required conditions; and

• depositing the files with the Agency for Incentives for Investment andfollowing up.

• Lack ofequipmentleads tooveruse ofwater andwater waste

• Production isweakeneddue toreliance ontraditionalirrigationmeans

• Equipping the plotswill contribute torationalisingconsumption andsaving irrigationwater

• Agriculturaldevelopmentassociationscontrolling theirrigation areas willprovide importantfinancial resources

• Equipping plots willenable exploiters toincrease production

• Soil quality will beimproved

39

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Relev

ant loc

ation(

s)(if

applica

ble)


Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


Objective 1.4.2 Supply the public irrigation area with irrigation water permanently and regularly

1.4.2.1

Building a tank tosupply 1,000 ha inWechtata and Touilaregions

Wechtata and Touila regions are suppliedvia pumps, which leads to irregular supply.At the beginning of 2017, the delegation ofNefza, in cooperation with SECA du Nord,will:• undertake an economic feasibilitystudy;

• assign a private construction companyfor the implementation; and

• undertake assessment and follow-up.

• Water supply isirregular

• There is a hugelack of supplyin exploitedareas, notablyduring periodsof highdemand

• ncreased ratesof tensionbetweenexploiters

• Deterioration ofcultivation dueto lack of water

• Regularavailability ofwater for allexploiters ofagricultural land

• Increasedproduction, andimprovement offarmers’ financialsituation

1.4.2.2

Increasing the rateof individual metersin the irrigation areaby 15% by 2018

Invoicing in the delegation of Nefza relies onestimates, due to the lack of meters. At thebeginning of 2017, the delegation of Nefzawill coordinate with the Department ofIrrigation Area Exploitation to:• identify the total number of meters;• assign a construction company to performthe work; and

• follow up implementation.

• Overuse ofirrigation water

• Water userssuffer fromshortages as aresult of waterlosses within thenetwork

• Permanentdebate betweenassociations andthe CRDA aboutthe value ofinvoices

• Rationalising theconsumption ofirrigation water

• Facilitating workfor associations

• Increasing theability ofassociations tomanage budgets

1.4.2.3

Repairing the mainchannel 800Ø thatsupplies the tanks inthe two regions ofthe west of Nefza

At the beginning of 2017, the delegation,with the CRDA (MaintenanceDepartment), will:• study and assess the amount of damageto the main channel;

• identify the necessary items for the repair;and

• assign a construction company for theimplementation.

• Lack of waterdue to thedamage

• Rate of tensionbetweenexploitersincreasing dueto theinaccessibility ofwater in theirplots, notably attimes of risingdemand

• Making wateraccessible in allagriculturalplots

• Increasingproduction dueto regularaccessibility ofwater

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Relev

ant loc

ation(

s)(if

applica

ble)


Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


Action theme 2 Safe drinking water

Goal 2.1 Mitigate the amount of used water that is discharged into the natural environment by 2020

Objective 2.1.1 Connect 10% of households with individual or semi-collective sewerage facilities by 2020

2.1.1.1

Connecting 50households withsewerage facilitiesin four stages

Most rural areas in the delegation do not havesewerage facilities. At the beginning of 2017,the delegation will coordinate with theSanitation Office and the Health Ministry toconnect households to sewerage facilities by:• diagnosing situations on an individual basis;• diagnosing the health and environmentalimpacts of implementation;

• establishing a list of the necessary equipment;and

• implementing the activities and following up.

No No

• Negativeimpact onhuman andanimal healthdue to waste

•Environmental pollution

• Deteriorationof waterquality

• Maintaining a goodenvironment

• Ensuring high-quality water

Objective 2.1.2 Increase the reuse of treated used water in domestic gardens (by separating wastewater and grey water) by 5%

2.1.2.1

Installing sewers fortreating used waterin the interventionarea

At the beginning of 2017, the delegation ofNefza, in partnership with the Sanitation Officeand Health Protection Service, will:• identify the intervention area;• identify the targeted households;• organise several days of training to raisecitizens’ awareness;

• undertake a technical study;• identify the cost and duration of theimplementation; and


No No

• Loss of usedwater in therural area

• Negativeecologicalimpacts dueto waterstagnation

• Impacts onhumanhealth

• Lack ofawarenessabout thevalue ofreusing usedwater

• Raisingawarenessamong citizens

• Appraisingused water forseveraldomestic usesand for gardenirrigation

2.1.2.2

Adoptingtechniques forappraising usedwater and for usinganimal waste toproduce biogas

In the framework of appraising used water,the delegation, in partnership with the HealthProtection Service and CSOs, will, by 2017:• identify the spatial framework that meetsthe required conditions;

• identify the parties involved in the project;• train and raise the awareness of thoseparties about the importance of preservingwater by reusing it and producing biogasfrom animal waste; and


No No

• Availablewater that isnot wellexploited

• Overuse ofdrinking water(for domesticuse andgardenirrigation)

• Used water isnot appraised

• Reusing usedwater(economicfeasibility)

• Providingbiogas(economicfeasibility)

41

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Relev

ant loc

ation(

s)(if

applica

ble)


Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


Objective 2.1.3 Raise awareness among water users by 30% on how to maintain good water quality during storage, delivery and reuse

2.1.3.1

Developing andprotecting twoestuaries inWechtata andNefza regions

The delegation of Nefza has important waterresources (286.5 m3). In partnership with themunicipality, by 2017 the delegation will:• identify two intervention areas;• assign a specialised entrepreneur to carryout the work and ensure the protection ofwater resources; and

• recycle waste.

No No

• Accumulationof waste andnegativeimpacts onhuman health

• Pollution ofhydraulic andecologicalresources

• Protecting thewater table

• Protecting theenvironment

2.1.3.2

Rationalising theuse of pesticides topreserve waterquality

All exploiters use pesticides on agriculturalland to increase production. The delegation, incooperation with the Agricultural CounsellingUnit and the Agriculture and Fisheries Union,will train exploiters by:• organising information days before theagricultural season;

• distributing leaflets to explain health risks andnegative impacts on water quality; and

• establish a sample plot without the use ofpesticides, as a reference for other farmers.

Negativeimpacts onwater qualityand humanhealth

• Protectinghuman health

• Protecting waterquality

2.1.3.3Protecting publictaps and watersprings

Some agglomerations are supplied from publictaps that are not compliant with protectionstandards. The delegation will cooperate withWUAs to protect all such collective points,which requires:• counting the number of public taps that arenot protected;

• studying production costs;• assigning a construction company for theimplementation; and

• ensuring follow-up and assessment.

• Drinkingareas are notcompliantwithcleanlinessstandards,which leadstodeteriorationof waterquality

• The collectivewater pointsare open toanimals,leading topollution

• There arethreats tohuman health

• Good drinkingwater

• Maintaining theenvironmentand humanhealth

42LOCAL W


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Relev

ant loc

ation(

s)(if

applica

ble)


Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


2.1.3.4

Training people whoexploit waterresources(developmentassociations) on thehealth monitoringof drinking waterpoints

The survey indicates a lack of knowledge onthe part of most water users, and the absenceof communication mechanisms betweenhealth protection services and drinking pointexploiters. By 2017, the delegation will work onimproving the knowledge of exploiters andtraining them on the supervision processthrough:• offering theoretical training sessions andexamples that illustrate the supervisionmethod;

• distributing leaflets to households thatexplain the supervision method (1,000leaflets); and

• organising an information day with theparticipation of the media to ensure accessto information.

• Weakness ofsupervisionand absenceof citizens inthesupervisionprocess

• The healthprotectionservices donotcommunicateinformationto citizens inthe requiredway

• Maintaining agoodenvironment

• Ensuring high-quality water

Objective 2.1.4 Mitigate the calcification rate in drinking water networks

2.1.4.1

Purchasing andinstalloing blockvalves withsubmersible pumpsto avoid repeatedblockages due tocalcification causedby the chemicalreaction betweenoxygen and lime

By 2017, the delegation, in partnership with the CRDA, will:• identify intervention areas (tanks andpressure breakers); and

• implement work by the rural engineeringdepartment and follow up project efficiency.

• Waterchannelblockages

• Inaccessibilityof water byusers

• Increase inleakage rateand highfrequency ofinterventionsto repair thenetworks

• Deteriorationof waterquality

• Refusal ofexploiters topay drinkingwater bills

• Highfrequency ofillegalconnections

• Ensuringpermanentavailability ofwater

• Mitigating waterlosses

• Maintainingdrinking waternetworks

43

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No. Action



General suitability forproblem solving

Relev

ant loc

ation(

s)(if

applica

ble)


Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


Action theme 3 Effective governance and management


Objective 3.1.1 Build the capacities of managers in 35 WUAs by 2020 for administrative, technical, financial and legal management

3.1.1.1Supporting trainingfor managers in 35WUAs by 2020

By 2017, the delegation, in cooperation withthe CRDA and training specialists, will organiseperiodic training sessions, particularly in the 35 WUAs, in order to improve managementskills. The training will include:• motivating WUA bodies that workvoluntarily;

• training in administrative skills;• training in accounting and finance; and• training in the field of management andexploitation.

No No

• Lack of trainingfor most WUAs

• Budget deficitsin somedevelopmentassociationscombined withlack ofknowledge ofworkingmethods,which requirescontinuedtraining: thissituation leadsto thedissolution ofsomeassociations

• Lack ofconfidence inthe WUAsamong citizens

Forming WUAbodies that areable to manageand supplycitizens withwaterpermanently

Objective 3.1.2 Structure water users

3.1.2.1Creating a localwater coordinationbody

Achieving local water security and meetingfuture challenges at the regional and globallevel requires the establishment of a localcoordination body. By 2017, the delegation willcooperate with the local commission foragricultural development services and allconcerned parties in the field of water to:• organise an information day supervised bythe prefect and the regional delegate ofagricultural development in Beja;

• involve all concerned people and local waterexperts;

• identify the parties that form thiscoordination;

• agree on these parties; and• create headquarters for the coordinationbody and provide the essential means for itswork.

No No

• Weakness ofthe delegationin watermanagement

• Weakness oflawenforcement inrelation tooffenders inthe absence ofa coordinationbody

• Ensuring thatwater usershave access toinformationrelated to thewater system

• Involvingcitizens in theplanning andprogrammingprocess

• Raisingcitizens’awareness

• Establishinglocal plans toachieve watersecurity thatwill be areference forthe delegation

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Relev

ant loc

ation(

s)(if

applica

ble)


Alreadyplanned

Addressedproblem(s)


Objective 3.1.3 Organise work in the field of maintenance and management

3.1.3.1

Creating a privatecontractor in thefield of networkmaintenance andconcluding contractswith WUAs in thedelegation

In the framework of supporting maintenanceefforts, the delegation, in partnership with theCRDA and development associations bodies, will:• create a company specialising in water networkmaintenance;

• identify the weaknesses of associations in termsof connection;

• supply associations with maintenance tools;• sign systems contracts between the companyand development associations; and

• follow up to ensure project efficiency.

• Weakness oflocalmaintenanceteaminterventiondue to theweakness offinancial andhumanresources

• Waterdisruption forlong periods,notably at peaktimes

• Inability ofassociations tointervene andlack ofconfidence intheadministrationamong citizens

• Ensuringaccess towater as aresult of rapidinterventionsto repairdamage.

• Creating aclimate oftrust betweencitizens andtheadministration

• Involvingcitizens in theplanningprocess

45

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Country Tunisia


No. Action Title

Category

Main responsibleinstitution

Complexity of action

Costs

Nega

tive e

xter

nal

impa

cts

Infra

struc

ture

Capa

city b

uilding

Polic

y/go

vern

ance

Good

man

agem

ent

prac

tices

Time a

spec

ts of

plan

ning

and reali

satio

n

Technical/legal complexity

Acceptance by stakeholders

1.1.1.1

Offering trainingprogrammes torationalisedrinking waterconsumption

x

Responsible: National Company for WaterExploitation and DistributionPartners:- Development Council- NGOs- The media

Shortterm

• There are no legalforms

• There may becooperation withlocal experts in thefield of informationdelivery

Yes No

1.1.2.1

Rehabilitating200 illegalconnections inthe interventionarea

x

Responsible:CRDAPartner:Delegation

Mediumterm

There may be technicalproblems

Yes No

1.1.3.1

Training waterusers on how topreserve publicwater facilities

x x

Responsible:CRDA Partner:Delegation

Shortterm

There are no legalproblems

Yes No

1.2.1.2

Encouraging theconstruction ofcisterns incommunities thatare far from watertables

Responsible:CRDA Partners:• NGO• Department ofAfforestation and LandProtection

• Delegation

Mediumterm

There are no technicalproblems

Yes No

Annex 7: Specification of actions

46LOCAL W


No. Action Title

Category



Costs

Nega

tive e

xter

nal

impa

cts

Infra

struc

ture

Capa

city b

uilding

Polic

y/go

vern

ance

Good

man

agem

ent

prac

tices

Time a

spec

ts of

plan

ning

and reali

satio

n



1.2.2.1

Installing 50cisterns in theintervention areaof the delegationof Nefza

xResponsible: Governorate and NGO

Mediumterm

• There are no legalproblems

• There are no technicalproblems

Yes No

1.3.1.1

Maintaining 20water networksout of 35 in therural area

x

Responsible:- CRDA- National Company forWater Exploitation andDistribution Partner:Development council

Mediumterm



Yes No

1.3.2.1

Connecting 400households withthe drinkingwater network

x x

Responsible:CRDA Partner:Delegation

Mediumterm



• Coordination withdelegation

Yes No

1.3.3.1

Purchasing andinstalling threemobile treatmentunits to supplysome areasadjacent to thedam withdrinking water

Responsible:CRDAPartner:Delegation

Mediumterm


Yes No

1.4.1.1

Increasing therate of developedplots in theirrigation areawith equipmentto save irrigationwater from 43%to 55% by theend of 2018

x

Responsible:• AFA• APIA

Partner:Delegation

Mediumterm


Yes No

1.4.2.1

Building a tank tosupply 1,000 hain Wechtata andTouila regions

x

Responsible:CRDA

Partner:Delegation

Longterm



Yes No

1.4.2.2

Increasing therate of individualmeters in theirrigation area by15% by 2018

x

Responsible:CRDA

Partners:• Delegation• Development council

Shortterm


Yes No

47

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No. Action Title

Category



Costs

Nega

tive e

xter

nal

impa

cts

Infra

struc

ture

Capa

city b

uilding

Polic

y/go

vern

ance

Good

man

agem

ent

prac

tices

Time a

spec

ts of

plan

ning

and reali

satio

n



1.4.2.3

Repairing themain channel800Ø thatsupplies thetanks in the tworegions in thewest of Nefza

xResponsible: CRDA

Mediumterm

Execution requiresspecialists

Yes No

2.1.1.1

Connecting 50households toseweragefacilities in fourstages

x

Responsible:ONAS Partners:• Hygiene Service• Municipality

Mediumterm

Awareness campaigns Yes No

2.1.2.1

Installing sewersfor treating usedwater in theinterventionarea

xxx

Responsible:• CRDA• National Company forWater Exploitation andDistribution

Mediumterm


Yes No

2.1.2.2

Adoptingtechniques forappraising usedwater and usinganimal waste toproduce biogas

x

Responsible:CRDA Partners:• Delegation • NGO

Mediumterm

• There may betechnical problems

• Previous experimentswere not successful

Yes No

2.1.3.1

Developing andprotecting twoestuaries inWechtata andNefza regions

x

Responsible:CRDAPartners:• Delegation• NGO• Municipality• Hygiene Service

Longterm

Choice of location isproblematic

Yes No

2.1.3.2

Rationalisingpesticide use topreserve waterquality

x

Responsible:• CRDA• Agricultural Training andExtension Agency

Partners:• Delegation • Hygiene Service

Shortterm


Yes No

2.1.3.3Protecting publictaps and watersprings

x

Responsible:CRDAPartners:• Delegation • Hygiene Service• Development council

Shortterm



Yes No

48LOCAL W


No. Action Title

Category



Costs

Nega

tive e

xter

nal

impa

cts

Infra

struc

ture

Capa

city b

uilding

Polic

y/go

vern

ance

Good

man

agem

ent

prac

tices

Time a

spec

ts of

plan

ning

and reali

satio

n



2.1.3.4

Training peoplewho exploitwater resources(developmentassociations) onthe healthmonitoring ofdrinking waterpoints

x

Responsible:Hygiene ServicePartners:• CRDA• Delegation • Development council

Shortterm



Yes No

2.1.4.1

Purchasing andinstalling blockvalves withsubmersiblepumps to avoidrepeatedblockages due tocalcificationcaused by thechemicalreactionbetween oxygenand lime

x

Responsible:CRDA Partners:• Delegation • Hygiene Service

Mediumterm



Yes No

3.1.1.1

Supportingtraining formanagers in 35WUAs by 2020

xx x

Responsible:CRDAPartners:• Delegation • Development council

Shortterm



Yes No

3.1.2.1

Creating a localwatercoordinationbody

x x

Responsible:DelegationPartner:CRDA

Mediumterm



Yes No

3.1.3.1

Creating aprivatecontractor in thefield of networkmaintenanceand concludingcontracts withthe WUAs in thedelegation

x

Responsible:CRDAPartners:• Delegation• Development Council• NGO

Mediumterm



• Coordination withDevelopment council

Yes No

49

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WEIGHTING FACTOR OF CRITERION

CRITERIA

OVER

ALL P

RIOR

ITY

PRIO

RITY

RAN

K

COST

S

FEAS

IBILITY

EFFECT

IVEN

ESS

AVAI

LABI

LITY

OF

RESO

URCE

S

URGE

NCY

COVE

RAGE

ACCE

PTAN

CE

0.2 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.3 0.1

SUM = 1

ACTION

Offering training programmers to rationalisedrinking water consumption

3 3 2 1 2 3 2 2.30 High

Rehabilitating 200 illegal connections in theintervention area

2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2.50 High

Training water users on how to preserve publicwater facilities

3 3 2 1 3 2 2 2.50 High

Encouraging the construction of cisterns incommunities that are far from water tables

2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2.40 High

Installing 50 cisterns in the intervention area of thedelegation of Nefza

2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2.60 High

Maintaining 20 water networks out of 35 in therural area

2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2.50 High

Connecting 400 households to the drinking waternetwork

2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2.30 High

Purchasing and implementing three mobiletreatment units to supply some areas adjacent tothe dam with drinking water

1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1.60 Medium

Increasing the rate of developed plots in theirrigation area that have equipment for savingirrigation water from 43% to 55% by the end of 2018

2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2.10 High

Building a tank to supply 1,000 ha in Wechtata andTouila regions

1 3 2 1 1 2 3 1.60 Medium

Increasing the number of individual meters in theirrigation area by 15% by 2018

2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2.20 High

Repairing the main channel 800Ø that supplies thetanks in the two regions in the west of Nefza

2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1.60 Medium

Connecting 50 households with sewerage facilitiesin four stages

2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2.50 High

Installing sewers for treating used water in theintervention area

2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2.50 High

Annex 8: Prioritisation of actions

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WEIGHTING FACTOR OF CRITERION

CRITERIA

OVER

ALL P

RIOR

ITY

PRIO

RITY

RAN

K

COST

S

FEAS

IBILITY

EFFECT

IVEN

ESS

AVAI

LABI

LITY

OF

RESO

URCE

S

URGE

NCY

COVE

RAGE

ACCE

PTAN

CE

0.2 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.3 0.1

SUM = 1

ACTION

Adopting techniques for appraising used water andusing animal waste to produce biogas

2 3 1 2 2 1 2 1.90 Medium

Developing and protecting two estuaries in theWechtata and Nefza regions

1 2 2 1 3 3 3 2.20 High

Rationalising pesticide use to preserve waterquality

3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2.30 High

Protecting public taps and water springs 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 2.20 High

Training WUAs on the health monitoring ofdrinking water points

3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2.40 High

Purchasing and installing block valves withsubmersible pumps to avoid repeated blockagesdue to calcification caused by the chemical reaction between oxygen and lime

2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2.50 High

Supporting training for managers in 35 WUAsby 2020

3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2.30 High

Creating a local water coordination body 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2.30 High

Creating a private company in the field of networkmaintenance and signing contracts with WUAs

2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2.40 High

R. Laušević, S. Milutinović, J. Petersen-Perlman, M. Reed, A. Graves, M. Bartula, S. Sušić, A. Popović(2016). Local Water Security Action Planning Manual.Szentendre, Hungary: Regional Environmental Center. ISBN 978-963-9638-69-3.http://documents.rec.org/publications/LWSAP_Manual_April2016.pdf

References

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watersum.rec.org

Documents

Local Water Security Action Plan - REC Publicationsdocuments.rec.org/publications/Nefza_Tunisia7.pdf · 2017-04-10 · 2 L O C A L W A T E R S E C U R I T Y A C T I O N P L A N AUTHOR