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Learning about Language

Step1 Revision: Fill in the blanks according to the reading

passage. After the “Big Bang”, the earth was just a cloud of

energetic dust. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were _______to produce the water vapour , carbon dioxide and other gases. Then small plants grew. They ________ and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen. Many millions of years later the first green plants began to _______on land .When the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by _____eggs. When dinosaurs disappeared, mammals became more important. Now small clever animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all over the world. As time went by they covered the earth and they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which ________heat ____the earth into space. Whether life will continue on earth for millions of years to come will _________ whether this problem can be solved.

in time multipli

edappear

laying

prevents

from

depend on

Step2.Words and expressions

1.in time【原文再现】 They were in time to produce carbon,

nitrogen,water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.

【归纳】 in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后

总有一天我会遇见他。 I’ll see him in time.in time (for sth /to do sth): not late 及时；不迟【即境活用】She will be back _________to prepare dinner. ( 她来

得及回来准备晚饭 ).in time

2.multiply 【原文再现】 They multiplied and filled the oceans and sea

with oxygen,which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.

1)2 multiplied by 4 makes 8. 2)Our problems have multiplied since last year. 3)Rabbits here multiply rapidly. 【归纳】 multiply v. 有三种意

思 :1)______;2)_______3)_________.multiplicity n. 有多种类型 .

【拓展】 add vt. 加上 minus vt. 减 , 减去 divide vt. 除 , 除法

【即境活用 】 The childern are learning to ______( 乘法 )and ______.( 除法 )

乘 ;乘法 增多 ;增加 使繁殖 ,增殖

dividemultiply

3. lay eggs.【原文再现】 They produced young generally by laying eggs.

【归纳】 lay-laid-laid-laying 放 , 把 ...... 放在 ......; 产卵 【拓展】 lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置 ; 产卵 lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺 ; 位于 lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎 口诀 : 规则撒谎，不规则躺，躺过去产蛋，产蛋不规则。

（躺的过去 式是 lay ） 【即境活用】 He_____________ on the desk..( 他把他的书

放在桌子上 ) 【高考链接】 The naughty boy ___ to me that the hen that ___ there just

now had___ two eggs the day before. A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lain C. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laid

laid his books

4. prevent…from… 【原文再现】 They are putting too much carbon dioxide into

the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.

句子分析：这是一个由 ______ 引导的 _____________ 修饰前面整个句子 , 关系代词 which 在从句中作 ________.

【归纳】 prevent sth. / sb. (from) doing sth. 制止 ( 防止 ) 某人 ( 某物 ) 做某事 ; 这种含义常用相关短语 : ____________;________________.

【拓展】 protect sb. from doing__________; defend…from_____________

【即境活用】 1)His heart trouble did not ______________going to class the next day.

2)Nothing can prevent this plan______________________. (carry out)

which 非限制性定语从句主语

Stop…from doing

Keep…from doing 使…免受

保卫…使其不受侵害

prevent him (from)_

from being carried out

5. depend on

【原文再现】 Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

【归纳】 (sth) depend on (sth else): 取决于 我们的成败取决于是否每个人都努力工作。 Our success ____________ whether everyone works hard or not. depend on sb. / sth. sb. to do sth. sb. doing sth. sb. /sth. for sth. 【拓展】相信，信赖 , 依靠 , 依赖 , 视…而定，取决于 1)When you are in a strange place you’d better depend on the map. 2) He depends on his pen for his living. 3) You can depend on him. He’ll lead you there. depend on it 没问题，请放心（句末或句首） That /It (all) depends. 那得看情况而定 1) Depend on it, you’ll succeed. 2) He may support me, but it depends . 【即境活用】 高考链接 ---How long are you staying? --- I don’t know.______.(04 江苏 ) A.That’s ok B.It depends C.Never mind D.It doesn’t matter

depends on

【原文再现】 Read the sentences aloud and try to recite them.

(1 ) They were in time to produce carbon,nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.

(2) They multiplied and filled the oceans and sea with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.

(3) They produced young generally by laying eggs.(4) They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the

atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.

(5) Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

Step3 Discovering useful structures: The subject Clause 1.Study the rule: What part does the underlined part serve as in each

sentence? a. You are a student. b. Smoking is bad for you. c. To find your way can be a problem. d. “How do you do?” is a greeting. e .What she said is not yet known. f. That we shall be late is certain. g. It is certain that we shall be late.

A sentence serving as subject is called Subject Clause

Find the sentences with the subject clauses from the reading passage in Par.3—5.and underline them,then translate them into Chinese.

Para3.

It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.

Example: What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water …

Para4.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.

Para5.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years

to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

2. Find the rule 一个句子在复合句中充当名词的作用 , 可以做主语、宾语、表语和同位语 ,

这个句子就叫名词性从句 . 主语从句是在复合句中充当 ______ 的从句 , 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 ______ 代替 , 而本身放在句子末尾 .

1)a. 用 what / whether / that/ if/where / how / when /why / who / how much / etc. 来连接主语从句 . b. 有时为了使句子结构平衡 , 避免 “头重脚轻” , 常用 it 作形式主语 , 而把从句放在后面 . c. 引导主语从句在句首只能用 ________, 有 it 作形式主语的 whether/if 都可以 . d._____ 在主语从句中不能省略 . 2). 在主语从句中，谓语一般用单数。 无论他说什么都不重要。Whatever he says is of no importance.但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定 What I need ___money. What I need ___ books.

主语it

whether

That

is are

3. Apply the rule: Rewrite the sentences with noun clauses as the subject.

For example:His discovery has not yet been proved. →What has not yet been proved is his discovery. 1) Do the other astronomers accept his ideas?It

remains a question.Whether____________________________________2) Why is the earth becoming warmer? It is an

important topic for research.Why_______________________________________

_______________________________ the earth is becoming warmer is an important topic for research.

the other astronomers accept his ideas remains a question.

Step4【当堂小练】 1.In fact, he ____in bed all the morning without doing anything,but he ____to me

about that . A.lied;lied B.lay;lay C.lied; lay D. lay; lied 2.I don’t believe that older people are always wiser. It ______the person and what

kind of experiences he or she has had. A.requires of B.results from C. belongs to D.depends on 3. (08 山东 23)          was most important to her ， she told me ， was her family. A.It                      B.This                  C.As                D. What       4.(08 福建 27)            is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A.It                     B.  As                C.Which                  D. What       5. Villagers planted a lot of trees to___________________________________.

( 防止土壤被冲走 ) 6. 起初 , 吉姆和汤姆不喜欢彼此 , 但最后他们成了好朋友 .(in time) ___________________________________________________________________

_____________

prevent soil (from) being washed away

Jim and Tom didn’t like each other at first, but in time they become friends.

Step5 Appreciating a short passage.

How to protect the earth In the past, we human beings lived in harmony with

nature. It was obvious that the environment was much better , so we enjoyed a comfortable life in time.

However,with the population growing, what we can see is that more and more trees have been cut down to make buildings and factories; so many problems have multiplied since several years ago. As a result, the weather is getting warmer and warmer, so whether environment will be taken care of will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

So let’s take immediate action to protect the earth,and it is everyone’s responsibility to protect the environment. I hope people from different areas work together to protect our earth .Only in this way can we prevent the earth from being destroyed.

1. Remember the usage of important words and expressions.

2. Review the subject clause.

Homework

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