45

27144.896

:

, , , . . , , , . . ; , . .

, , ( . . . .). , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , .

(38, 3; 34, 8) , . ,

46

() , . 1. , , , , .

, . , . (Anima mundi = ): . , , , Anima mundi, .

, , . , , , . , , , . , , , , , , . , : . () , ( ). , , , 2. () 3, 4, 5.

1 D. Runia. Philo of Alexandria and the Timeus of Plato. Leiden 1986, c. 446.2 .: Philo Judaeus. De somniis I, 227230; .: Les uvres de Philon dAlexandrie, . 19 /

. P. Savinel. Paris 1962. 3 .: Philo Judaeus. De posteritate Caini 63; .: Les uvres de Philon dAlexandrie, . 6 /

. R. Arnaldez. Paris 1972.4 .: Philo Judaeus. De confusione linguarum 63; .: Les uvres de Philon dAlexandrie,

.13/ . J. G. Kahn. Paris 1963.5 .

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47

( ) ( )6. , , , : , , , , . : : , , , , , , , , , 7. . , , , ( ), , 8. , , , , , 9. , , , . .10 : .

* * *

, . , ,

6 . .: F. A. Staudenmaier. Philosophie des Christentum oder Metaphysik der Heiligen Schrift als Lehre von den gttlichen Ideen und ihrer Entwicklung in Natur, Geist und Geschichte. Gieen 1840; M. Pohlenz. Philo von Alexandreia. Gttingen 1942; M. Mhl. Der Logos endiathetos und prophorikos in der lteren Stoa bis zur Synode von Sirmium 351. Bonn 1962; G. D. Farandos. Kosmos und Logos nach Philon von Alexandria. Amsterdam 1976; A. Maddalena. Filone dAlessandria. Milano 1970; D. Runia. Philo of Alexandria and the Timeus of Plato.

7 .: Philo Judaeus. De vita Mosis II, 127; .: Les uvres de Philon dAlexandrie, . 22 / . R. Arnaldez . Paris 1967.

8 .: . , 83; 52. , , , , , , .

9 G. D. Farandos. Kosmos und Logos nach Philon von Alexandria. Amsterdam 1976, c. 271.10 .: Philo Judaeus. Quis rerum divinarum heres sit 234, 236; .: Les uvres de Philon

dAlexandrie, . 15 / . M. Harl. Paris 1966.

48

.11 , , , () . , lex orandi. , , , , , . . , , .

, , .

1. , , , . , 12, 13, 14, 15. , , , , , , , . , . . , , , ,

11 ( , , ), , . , , , , .

12 Iustinus Martyr. Apologia I, 14, 1; .: Saint Justin Apologie pour les chrtiens / . Ch.Munier. Fribourg 1995 ( Apologia).

13 Iustinus Martyr. Dialogus cum Tryphone Judaeo 5, 4; .: Justin Martyr. Dialogue avec Tryphon, . 12/ . Ph. Bobichon. Fribourg 2003 ( Dialogus).

14 Apologia I, 13, 4. 15 Apologia II, 10, 8.

:

49

, 16. , , , , , , . , . 17: , , , , , .18 . , , 19, , , ( ), , .20

, . , (Logostheologie), , : ( ), , , , :

, , , , , , ; , . [= ] .21

, , , , , . .

16 Dialogus 60, 2. 17

, , . , .

18 .: Dialogus 60, 2. 19 :

( 1: 26).20 Dialogus 62, 1.21 Dialogus 61, 1; .: Apologia I, 32, 10.

50

. , : , , , .22

()23; 24. , . , , , :

, : , , ...25 [] , ; , , .26

, 27, , . , . , , , : , . , , , , , , ,

22 Dialogus 61, 2. (Philo Judaeus. De gigantibus 2425; .: Les uvres de Philon dAlexandrie, . 7/ . A. Moss. Paris 1963; . : Philo Judaeus. De Cherubim 97; .: Les uvres de Philon dAlexandrie, . 3 / . J. Gorez. Paris 1963).

23 Dialogus 56, 11; .: Dialogus 129, 4.24 M. Simonetti. Il problema dellunit di Dio da Giustino a Ireneo // Rivista di Storia e

Letteratura Religiosa 22/2 (1986) 211.25 , (Dialogus

56, 11); .: Dialogus 62, 2; Dialogus 129, 4.26

, (Dialogus 129, 4).27 This sharp personality of Justins Logos is the element which distin guishes it from the Phi

lonic Logos more than anything except its incarnation (E. R.Goodenough. The Theology of Justin Martyr. Jena 1923, . 147).

:

51

, , .

. , , , , , .28 :

, [] , , , ( ), ( ).29

, 30 : , . , Geistchristologie31 ( ), . , ( 1:35), , , , , , :

28 . , , , , , , (D. C. Trakatellis. The Preexistence of Christ in Justin Martyr: An Exegetical Study with Reference to the Humiliation and Exaltation Christology. Michigan 1976, . 27; E. R.Goodenough. The Theology of Justin Martyr, . 453454); , (C. Semish. Justin der Mrtyrer. Eine kirchen und dogmengeschichtliche Monografie, . 2. Breslau 1842, . 278; J. Lebreton. Histoire du dogme de la Trinit. Des origines au concile de Nice, . 2. Paris 1928, . 449450; A. Orbe. Hacia la primera teologia de la procesion del Verbo. Roma 1951, . 574583; J. Danilou. Message vanglique et culture hellnistique aux II et III sicle. Tournai 1961, . 323324). .: O.Vakula. e nel secolo della costruzione dellidentit cristiana. Lviv 2006, c. 1419. , , . , .

29 Apologia I, 13, 3. 30 ,

, , , , (F.M. Braun. Jean le Thologien et son vangile dans lglise ancienne. Paris 1959, . 135139).

31 M. Simonetti. Note di cristologia pneumatica // Augustunianum 12 (1972) 217220. , , , , (, , .). , , .

52

, , , [] , , , , , ; [], , , [] [ ].32

.33 , . , ( ), . , , , , ( ), , , 34.

, , , , : , . , , . , . , , , ,35 . K , , , . , .

, , lex orandi. , .

32 , , (Apologia I, 33, 6).

33 .: G. Otranto. Lincarnazione del Logos nel Dialogo con Trifon di Giustino // La cristologia nei Padri della Chies: Le due culture. Roma 1981, c. 50.

34 .: Apologia , 8, 3. 35 .: S.Lilla. The Neoplatonic Hypostases and the Christian Trinity // Studies in Plato and

the Platonic Tradition: Esaeys Presented to John Whittaker. Ashgate 1997, c. 127189.

:

53

, .36 , , , 37.

, :

1. ( ) , . , . , , . , , , , , , , , , .38

2. () () () ( ). , . 39, . , , , , .

3. , () , () () , . , .40 (Geistchristologie), , , .

2. , . , :

36 .: Apologia I, 60, 57. 37 .: M. Simonetti. Note di cristologia pneumatica, . 153.38 .: Apologia I, 44, 1; Dialogus 74, 2; 38, 2.39 Dialogus 87, 4. 40 .: E. R. Goodenough. The Theology of Justin Martyr, . 184.

54

, , . , 41. , Anima mundi, .42

, . , , , . , . , , ( ) 43 44; , , . , , (. ) :

: , . , , .45

. , , . , , .46 , ,47 , .

, , , , ,

41 , (Tatianus. Oratio ad Graecos 4, 2; .: Tatian. Oratio ad Graecos and fragments / M. Whittaker. Oxford 1982 ( Oratio). , (G. Verbeke. Lvolution de la doctrine du pneuma du stocisme s. Augustin. Paris 1945, . 412), .

42 , , ( , ) (Oratio 4, 2); .: Oratio 7, 1.

43 .44 [ ]

, (Oratio 5, 3).45

. (Oratio 5, 1). 46 . ,

, . .: M.Simonetti. Il problema dellunit di Dio, c. 584 .

47 .: M. Simonetti. Il problema dellunit di Dio, . 214.

:

55

.48 , 49, , , .

, , , . . , , , , , . , , ( ), ( ).

, . , , ,50 , .51 : , , ( ), :

, , , , . , , .52

, , ,53 , . .54 , , .

48 .: Oratio 5, 2. 49 :

( , ) (Oratio 21, 1); , ( ) (Oratio 13, 5).

50 .: Oratio 4, 2.51 .: Oratio 12, 1.52 , ,

, , (Oratio 12, 1).

53 .: Oratio 13, 1.54 .

56

, , , . , , ,55 , , , . , , .56

3. , , . , .57 , . , , . , , : ,58 . , , , :

, ( ) ( ) , , , , , , .59

55 .: Oratio 13, 1.56 , (Apologia I, 32, 8).57 .: Athenagoras. Legatio pro Christianis 8, 35; .: Athnagore. Supplique au sujet des

chrtiens et Sur la rsurrection des morts / . B. Pouderon [=Sources Chrtiennes, 379]. Paris 1992 ( Legatio).

58 , , ( . 2:7), , , . . , () , . , . () (.: . 2:10; 2:19; 8:15; 10:9; 2 . 7:23; . 93:9; . 24:12; . 12:1; . 32:15; . 45:18; . 10:16). .: H. Braun. , , // Theological Dictionary of the New Testament / . G. Fridrich, . 6. Grand Rapids 1968, c. 254262. , .

59 Legatio 10, 5; . : Legatio 6, 3.

:

57

, , : , 60, , , , , . , .61

, . , . , (), () (). (), .

, , , ( )62. , : , , , , .63 , . , ( 64 65 66 67), . .

. : , , , .

60 .: Legatio 13, 3; 26, 1; Athenagoras. De resurrectione 18, 2; .: Athnagore. Supplique au sujet des chrtiens et Sur la rsurrection des morts / . B. Pouderon [=Sources Chrtiennes, 379]. Paris 1992.

61 .: Legatio 16, 3.62 Legatio 10, 2; . Legatio 10, 3.63 (K. Bauer. Die Lehre des Athenagoras von Gottes Ein

heit und Dreinigkeit. Leipzig 1902, . 2425).64 Legatio 10, 2.65 .66 Legatio 12, 3.67 .

58

( ) ( )68. , 69. , , , , . , . (, ) (, ): : , , , , 70. (): , 71.

. , (72) , .73 , 74, ( ) , , . , : , .

, , . , , , , 75: , . 76, , : , . , , , 77.

68 .: Legatio 27, 1.69 .: Legatio 27, 2.70 , , , , ,

(Legatio 16, 3).71 Legatio 10, 2.72 , .73 , .74 M. Simonetti. Il problema dellunit di Dio, . 219222.75 .: Legatio 24, 2.76 G. Verbeke. Lvolution de la doctrine du pneuma du stocisme s. Augustin. Paris 1945,

.424425.77 .

:

59

, :

, , , . , . , / / .78

, ( , ) . , (), , , . / . , , .

4. , , , .

. , , : .79 : , , . , (ex nihilo)80. . , , . , :

78 M. Simonetti. Il problema dellunit di Dio, . 234.79 .: Theophilus. Ad Autolicum , 9; .: Theophilus of Antioch. Ad Autolicum / .

R.M.Grant. Oxford 1970 ( Ad Autolicum).80 .: Ad Autolicum I, 4.

60

(), (); (), (v); (), (); (), (); (), , (); (), (); (), (); (), (); (), (); () (); () , (); ( ), , ( ); (), ()81.

, , . , , : , , .

, , ( ). , . , ,82 . , . , , : []

81 Ad Autolicum I, 3.82 ,

. , , , (.: D. T. Runia. Philo in Early Christian Literature. Minneapolis 1993, . 116: It is certain that Theophilus work discloses extensive contacts with Greekspeaking Judaism. Because he does not cite Philo by name and gives no identifiable quotations, it cannot be considered certain that he was acquainted with the Alexandrians writings). , , , , , , , , (.: J.P. Martin. Filn Hebreo y Tefilo Cristiano: la continuidad de una teologa natural // Salmanticensis 37 (1990) 302317; . La antropologa de Filn y la de Tefilo de Antioqua: sus lecturas de Genesis 25 // Salmanticensis 36 (1989) 2371; . La presencia de Filn en el Hexameron de Tefilo de Antioqua // Salmanticensis 33 (1986) 147177).

:

61

, 83. , : , , [] , 84. :

, , , , ; , , , .85

, , . , , , . , , . :

, , , [ ] .86

. , , , .87

, , , Logostheologie , . ,

83 (Ad Autolicum II,22).84 , (Ad Autolicum II, 22).

, .85 ,

, , , (Ad Autolicum II, 22).

86 , , , (Ad Autolicum II, 22).

87 , .

62

, ( , ). , : , , , .

. , (). , , .88 , , :

, , , .89

, . , 90, ; . , . , , : . , , , , , . , .

, , , . , , : . : , .91

, : , .

, .

88 .: G. Fohrer, U. Wilckens, s.v. , , // Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, . 465528.

89 , , (Ad Autolicum II, 10).

90 .: Ad Autolicum II, 22; , 10.91 Ad Autolicum II, 18.

:

63

. : ... , 92. , , , .

, , . , , () : .93 , , , . ,94 95. , , , , .

, . , , . , . 96 , , , , 7:

, . , (. 32:6). . ; , , (.3:1920).

, . , , . , ( , , ), . , ,

92 , , , (Ad Autolicum II, 15).

93 Ad Autolicum I, 7. .94 .: Ad Autolicum I, 3.95 .96 .: M. Simonetti. Il problema dellunit di Dio, . 225.

64

97, , . , , . ; , : , . , , , , , , , , . ; . , , .98

, , , .

5. , , , , . 99, .100 , , .101 , , , . .

, 102 . , , :

97 .: J. P. Martin. Filn Hebreo y Tefilo Cristiano; R. M. Grant. The problem of Theophilus // Harvard Theological Revue (1950) 179196. G. Bentivenga. A Christianity without Christ by Theophilus of Antioch // Studia Patristica 13 (1975) 107130.

98 .: J. P. Martin. Filn Hebreo y Tefilo Cristiano.99 ,

.100 .: Irenaeus. Adversus aereses III, 6, 1; .: Irne de Lyon. Contre les hrsies, . III,

. 12 / . A. Rousseau, L. Doutreleau [=Sources Chrtiennes, 210211]. Paris 1974 ( Ad versus aereses).

101 .: Irenaeus. Adversus aereses IV, 14, 1; .: Irne de Lyon. Contre les hrsies, . IV, .12/ . A. Rousseau [=Sources Chrtiennes, 100]. Paris 1965.

102 , , , . . 58.

:

65

.103 , . , : , , , .

. , . , .104 , , , . , .105

: , . , , . , , , , , . : .106

: Sempre autem coexistens Filius Patri olim et ab initio sempre reuelat Patrem et Angeli set Archangelis et Potestatibus et Virtutibus et omnibus quibus uult reuelari Deus107. , , .108 , , ,

103 , , , , , .

104 .: , : , , (Irenaeus. Adversus aereses II, 28, 5; .: Irne de Lyon. Contre les hrsies, .II, . 12 / . A. Rousseau, L. Doutreleau [=Sources Chrtiennes, 293294]. Paris 1982).

105 Adversus aereses II, 28, 5.106 .107 , ,

, , , (Adversus aereses II, 30,9); .: Adversus aereses II, 25, 4.

108 .: . Rousseau. La doctrine de saint Irne sur la prexistence du Fils de Dieu dans Dm. 43 // Le Muson 84 (1971) 542; J. Fantino. La thologie dIrne: Lecture des critures en rponse lexgse gnostique. Une approche trinitaire. Paris 1994; D. Scordamaglia. Il Padre nella Teologia di SantIreneo. Roma 2004.

66

, , , . (ante creationem). 109

, , , , . , , , 110. , , , , , . , . , . , (), : , , : , : , , , 111.

: , , [] . , : , [C] 112.

, visibile Patris mensura.

109 A diferencia de Orgenes que insea no slo la generacin eterna del Verbo, sino aun la eternidad del mundo (inteligibile), s. Ireneo nunca afirma explcitamente la eterna generacin del Logos, ni siquira la coeternidad del Hijo (=Logos) con el Padre (=Dios)... Los pasajes aducidos de ordinario en pro de la eternidad del Hijo, prueban contra los gnsticos nicamente la coexistencia del Verbo con el Padre, desde el principio, antes de creado el mundo; y su continua presencia entre los hombres, antes an de la Encarnacin. Abundan en el Santo alusiones a Joh 1, 1; pero la clausula in principio puede muy bien tradicirse por ante creationem ante conditionem, con una preexistencia relativa al mundo creado (. Orbe. Hacia la primera Teologia de la Procesion del Verbo [=Estudios valentianos, 1]. Rom 1958, . 116117).

110 Adversus aereses II, 28, 8.111 Et per ipsum Verbum visibiem et palpabilem factum Pater ostendebatur; etiamso non om

nes similiter credebant ei, sed omnes viderunt in Filio Patrem: invisibile etenim Filii Pater, visibile autem Patris Filius (Adversus aereses IV, 6, 6).

112 Omnia enim mensura et ordine Deus facit, et nihil non mensum apud eius, quoniam nec incompositum. Et bene qui dixit ipsum immensum Patris in Filium mesuratum: mensura enim Patris Filius, quoniam et capit eium (Adversus aereses IV, 4, 2).

:

67

, , , , , : , [ ] 113. , , . :

, : (II, 25, 3), (II, 17, 8; III, 6, 2), (III, 13, 2; IV, 6, 5) , : , , .114

, , 115, , . .116

, , , . . , , . , , :

, , , , , , , , .117

. , . :

113 Non ergo alius erat qui conoscebatur, et alius qui dicebat: Nemo conoscit Patrem, sed unud et idem (Adversus aereses IV, 6, 7).

114 M. Simonetti. Il problema dellunit di Dio, . 236. 115 .: D. Minns. Irenaeus. London 1994, . 5152.116 .: M. Simonetti. Il problema dellunit di Dio, . 234.117 Irenaeus. Adversus aereses V, 1, 2; .: Irne de Lyon. Contre les hrsies, . V, . 1 2 /

. A. Rousseau [=Sources Chrtiennes, 252253]. Paris 1969.

68

( !), ;118 . , , , , , , , , , , .119

, . , , , , , .

, , , , , . , , (Deus totus spiritus est)120. 121.

, . , , .122 , figuratio Dei: , , .123 , : , , , , , . (, ), .

, 124: 125 , . , , , ,

118 .: Irenaeus. De apostolica praedicatione 31; .: Irne de Lyon. Dmonstration de la prdication apostolique / . L. M. Froidevaux [=Sources Chrtiennes, 62]. Paris 1959 ( De apostolica praedicatione).

119 .: Adversus aereses III, 19, 1.120 .: Adversus aereses V, 18, 2; .: Adversus aereses V, 9, 3.121 .: . 122 .: Adversus aereses IV, 7, 4.123 .: . 124 Adversus aereses V, 1, 2 ( . 67, . 117). . : De apostolica

praedicatione 71.125 .: M. Simonetti. Note di cristologia pneumatica, . 214.

:

69

,126 (Geistchristologie), . , , 127, : , , , .128 , ;129 , :

( ) , , , .130

. , , . . . .131

, . , , . , .132 . , , ; , .133

, , , . :

126 .: Adversus aereses , 17, 2.127 . . 52, . 32.128 .: Adversus aereses V, 1, 3; . : De apostolica praedicatione 71.129 .: Adversus aereses III, 18, 3.130 Adversus aereses III, 17, 1.131 .: Adversus aereses III, 24, 1.132 .: () , , ,

: , ; , , , , , , (Adversus aereses V, 9, 1).

133 .: Adversus aereses V, 7, 2.

70

. , , . , ; . , : .

* * * ,

, . . , , .

, , , , . , , , , , . , , .

, , , , , , , . . , . , , , , .

, , . , .

:

71

; , , , . : , . ; , , , .

Oleksandra VakulaLogos and Spirit in the Writings of Christian Authors of the 2nd Century: Problems of Mediation

The article examines the concepts of Logos and Spirit in the teachings of the four Apologists Justin the Martyr, Tatian the Assyrian, Athenagoras Athenius, and Theophilus of Antioch as well as of Irenaeus of Lyon.

In their concepts of Logos and Spirit, there is no definitive identification with the second and the third persons (hypostases) of the Christian Trinity. Apart from some allusions in Justins works, the Apologists do not explicitly mention the incarnation of Logos, confining their examination only to the relationship with the Father at the ontological level, whereas the incarnation of Logos is the principal subject of Irenaeus theological considerations. For Justin and Irenaeus, Spirit appears as an individual being and is identified nominally with Logos. For Tatian, the divine Spirit is one of the attributes of the nature of God, but is not identical to the Holy Spirit of the New Testament. For Athenagoras and Theophilus, Spirit is, above all, the manifestation of God and His omnipotence.