Long Term, “festering” causes & the Short Term “spark”

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Long Term, “festering” causes

& the Short Term “spark”

LONG TERM CAUSES- M.A.I.N”

LONG TERM CAUSES- M.A.I.N”

•1 - MILITARISM

•2 - ALLIANCES

•3 - IMPERIALISM

•4 - NATIONALISM

1. MILITARISM(building military strength as show of power)

1. MILITARISM(building military strength as show of power)

• UK and Germany compete to build battleships

• UK fears attack on its colonies by Germany

• ARMS RACE

• Technological and organizational advances also help in planning for attacks on colonies

• UK and Germany compete to build battleships

• UK fears attack on its colonies by Germany

• ARMS RACE

• Technological and organizational advances also help in planning for attacks on colonies

1. MILITARISM1. MILITARISM

• Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their armies

1880 1914

• Germany 1.3m 5.0m• France 0.73m 4.0m• Russia 0.40m 1.2m

• Conscription ($3)used to expand armies

• Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their armies

1880 1914

• Germany 1.3m 5.0m• France 0.73m 4.0m• Russia 0.40m 1.2m

• Conscription ($3)used to expand armies

2. ALLIANCESBefore war breaks out…

The “Triple Alliance “ is a military alliance

2. ALLIANCESBefore war breaks out…

The “Triple Alliance “ is a military alliance



Germany and Austria-Hungary (1879)

Italy joins (1882)( later switches sides after war starts)

2. ALLIANCESBefore war breaks out

The “Entente Cordiale OR Triple Entente” (“friendly agreement”)

2. ALLIANCESBefore war breaks out

The “Entente Cordiale OR Triple Entente” (“friendly agreement”)



France and Great Britain (1904)

Russia joins (1907)

Move to protect against the other alliance

What advantage does this alliance have over the other?

2. ALLIANCESAs war breaks out in 1914…

2. ALLIANCESAs war breaks out in 1914…

•By 1914 all the major powers were linked by a system of alliances.

•The alliance system made it more likely that a war would start.

•Once started, the alliances made it more likely to spread

3. IMPERIALISM3. IMPERIALISM• Each power trying to fulfill “manifest destiny”

• All the great powers were competing for colonies / territory.

• The British feared Germany in Africa.

• The Austrians feared Serbia / Russia in the Balkans

• Crumbling Ottoman Empire being eyed by the great powers

• Each power trying to fulfill “manifest destiny”

• All the great powers were competing for colonies / territory.

• The British feared Germany in Africa.

• The Austrians feared Serbia / Russia in the Balkans

• Crumbling Ottoman Empire being eyed by the great powers



4. NATIONALISM(love of one’s nation or ethnic group and

believing it should be autonomous $5)

4. NATIONALISM(love of one’s nation or ethnic group and

believing it should be autonomous $5)

• Congress of Vienna (1815)traded peace for instability

• This was an age when all nations wanted to assert their power and independence.

• In Europe, The Slavs, aided by Serbia and Russia, wanted to be free of Austrian rule.

• SLAVS IN AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE (Bosnia)UNHAPPY

• Congress of Vienna (1815)traded peace for instability

• This was an age when all nations wanted to assert their power and independence.

• In Europe, The Slavs, aided by Serbia and Russia, wanted to be free of Austrian rule.

• SLAVS IN AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE (Bosnia)UNHAPPY

History of Short Term Cause:

Crisis In The Balkans (peninsula)

For centuries the Slavic (slavs) people here have been EITHER under the rule of The Muslim Turks (Ottoman Empire)



Crisis In The Balkans (peninsula)OR they have been under the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (a Germanic People)

Neither is ethnically the same as the slavs



SERBIANS UNDER A-H EMPIRE

FREE SERBS


Before WWI Bosnia comes under A-H rule (1878).

While Serbia gains independence

Key green under A-H control

blue independent



•SERBIA IS FREE

•BUT THERE ARE ALSO SERBS LIVING IN BOSNIA UNDER THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN RULE

FREE SERBIA

“BOSIAN” SERBS




1. What do you think the Serbs want?

2. How do you think they’re treated by the A-H rulers?

3. What methods can they use to get freedom?



Short Term Cause “the spark”

This area is the “powder keg” waiting for the “spark.”


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Gavrillo Princip

Member: Black HandArchduke Franz Ferdinand

Heir: Austro-Hungarian throne

Visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia.



Gavrillo is apprehended

June 28, 1914 HEY! KNOW THIS DATE!

The series of alliances were activated. Within 1 month most countries chose sides and were fighting.


target



THE GUNS OF AUGUST

1. What should the Central Powers beware of?

The Solution: The Schlieffen Plan1. Ask Belgians to allow Germany to pass thru it to get to Paris. To avoid French troops

2. Deliver “Knock out blow” at France first, then aim all force at Russia.

3. Germans assumed Britain would not intervene.

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Plan DID NOT work:

----Defeating France did not happen as fast as the Germans planned.

---Belgians refused to allow “cuts” through their country….Germany had to attack to pass thru.

---AND even though Russians did not have a rail system to use, they mobilized troops quicker than the German counted on.

--Germany ends up fighting on two fronts anyway.

SHOULD Britain protect France and defend

Belgium? •1839- UK & others had signed a Treaty to protect Belgium’s neutrality…Britain HAD to come their aid….for honor!

•Britain afraid of Germany controlling English Channel ports.

•If Germany defeated France Would Britain be next?

•Britain issued ultimatum to Germany to withdraw troops from Belgium. War declared by Britain on Germany August 4, 1914



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Long Term, “festering” causes & the Short Term “spark”