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Long-term fluctuations in gonatid squid (Gonatidae)
abundance in the Okhotsk Sea
Mikhail A. ZuevNikolai S. VaninOleg N. KatuginGennady A. Shevtsov
Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO-Centre)
The main goalreveal annual distribution patterns of squids of the family
Gonatidae in the Sea of Okhotsk basing on data collected in TINRO-Centre research surveys with a purpose to estimate
the role of these cephalopods in pelagic communitiesMethods:
– analyze database on squid catches for a period from 1990 to 2008;– use the data to obtain patterns of spatial and seasonal on squid
distribution and biology; – assess the role of different species in seasonal dynamics of
distribution density in the epi- and mesopelagic layers in different years;
– use synoptic observations to reveal relationships between squid distribution density and variability in atmospheric pressure in the study area
Region expeditionsUpper-mesopelagic
investigations(expeditions)
years
northern Okhotsk Sea 20 12 1990-2008
southernOkhotsk Sea
18 2 1990-2008
off westKamchatka 12 7 1998-2007
the entire Okhotsk Sea 25 13 1990-2008
Kamch
atka
- Investigations of epipelagic (0-200 m)
- Investigations of epipelagic and upper-mesopelagic (200-500 m)
northern Okhotsk Sea
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1,1
1,2
200
400
600
1400
3200
s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s о w2001 2002 ][ 2003 2004 2005 2006][2007 2008
- Boreoteuthis borealis
- Gonatus tinro
- Gonatidae
- Gonatopsis japonicus
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1,1
1,2
200
400
600
1400
3200
s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s о w2001 2002 ][ 2003 2004 2005 2006][2007 2008
- Boreoteuthis borealis
- Gonatus tinro
- Gonatidae
- Gonatopsis japonicus
-epipelagic0 – 200 m
- uppermesopelagic200 – 500 m
Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidaein the northern Okhotsk Sea
2
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
200
400
kg/km2
w w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о о w s s о w s s s о
1991 ] [ 1993][1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000
- Berryteuthis magister
- Gonatus madokai
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
200
400
kg/km2
w w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о о w s s о w s s s о
1991 ] [ 1993][1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000
- Berryteuthis magister
- Gonatus madokai
0
40
80
120
160
2001 2002 2004 2005 2006
kg/km2 GSP GMABBO BMA
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
2001 2002 2004 2005 2006
kg/km2
Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidaein the northern Okhotsk Sea in different years in spring in the upper 500 m layer
GSP – Gonatidae sp; BBO – B. borealis; GMA – G. madokai; BMA – B. magister
0-500 BMA GMA
GMA -0,125
BBO 0,742 -0,194
Correlation coefficients
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
2001 2002 2004 2005 2006
the share of each speciesin the epipelagic zone (0–200 m)
0
40
80
120
160
2001 2002 2004 2005 2006
kg/km2 GSP GMABBO BMA
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
2001 2002 2004 2005 2006
kg/km2
Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidaein the northern Okhotsk Sea in different years in spring in the upper 500 m layer.
GSP – Gonatidae sp; BBO – B. borealis; GMA – G. madokai; BMA – B. magister
140° 145° 150° 155°
45°
50°
55°
60°
Berryteuthis magisterноябрь - декабрь 2008
- без улова- менее 100- 100 - 10000
- более 10000
140° 145° 150° 155°
45°
50°
55°
60°
Boreoteuthis borealisоктябрь - декабрь 2007
Biomass density (kg/km ) of squidsBerryteuthis magister and Boreoteuthis borealis
2
no catshless 100100 - 10000more 10000
November - December November - December
41 67 0 11190
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
N=25089Ср.=70мм N=1230
Ср.=80мм
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Biomass density (kg/km2) and size of squids Berryteuthis magister and Boreoteuthis borealis
140° 145° 150° 155°
55°
60°
Berryteuthis magisterноябрь - декабрь 2008Bd=333 kg/km2 2
140° 145° 150° 155°
55°
60°
Bd=36 kg/km
dorsal mantle length, mm
N
Biomass density (kg/km2) of Gonatus madokai in the upper epipelagic zone (0-50 m) in September-October 2003
140° 145° 150° 155° 160°
45°
50°
55°
60°
- без улова- менее 100- 100 - 10000
- более 10000
Bd=2603 kg/km2
no catchless 100100 - 10000more 10000
140° 145° 150° 155° 160°
45°
50°
55°
60°
- без улова- менее 100- 100 - 10000
- более 10000
N=157254Ср .=44 мм
900
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N=173Ср .=127мм
0
40
80
120
160
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
N=47794Ср.=39мм
0
3000
6000
9000
12000
15000
18000
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N=769Ср .=147мм
0
50
100
150
200
250
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 260 310
А
B
Size ofGonatus madokai on the shelf (А) and continental slope (B) in September-October 2003
dorsal mantle length, mm
N
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
200
400
800
kg/km2
1991][1992 1993 1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000 ][2002][2003 2004 2007 2008
- Berryteuthis magister
- Gonatus madokai
- Boreoteuthis borealis
- Gonatus tinro- Gonatus kamtschaticus
- Gonatidae
- Gonatopsis japonicus
- Gonatopsis octopedatus
600
-epipelagic0 – 200 m
- uppermesopelagic200 – 500 m
w w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s sо w s s о w s s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о
Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidae in the southern Okhotsk Sea
1,0 2,0 3,0 tons/km3 46,0 0,3 0,6 0,9 1,2 tons/km3
40
80
120
160
200
350
500
750
day
night
juvenaladult
40
80
120
160
200
350
500
750
Boreoteuthis borealis
0
30
60
90
1200 м
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
день ночь
40 м
80 м
120 м
160 м
200 м
350 м
500 м
750 м
DML, mm
Number sp.
N night=359
N day=2
N night=359
N night=37
N day=2
N day=2
N day=12
N day=7
N day=25
N night=120
N night=24
N night=28
N night=9
N night=10
N night=10
day night
Vertical distribution during daytime and at nightin the Bering Sea
140° 145° 150° 155°
45°
50°
55°
60°
- без улова- менее 100- 100 - 10000
- более 10000
140° 145° 150° 155°
45°
50°
55°
60°
1998 2000Bd=810 kg/km2 Bd=125 kg/km2
no catshless 100100 - 10000more 10000
Biomass density (kg/km2) of Boreoteuthis borealis inthe epipelagic zone (0-200 m) in September – November in 1998 and 2000
140° 145° 150° 155°
45°
50°
55°
60°
0 - 200м
- без улова- менее 10
- 10 - 100
- 100 - 1000
- более 1000
140° 145° 150° 155°
45°
50°
55°
60°
200 - 500м
Biomass density (kg/km2) Gonatidaein the epipelagic and upper mesopelagiczones during winter, December 1990 – January 1991
0 – 200 m 200 – 500 mBd=72 kg/km2 Bd=431 kg/km2
no catshless 1010 – 100
100-1000
more 1000
140° 145° 150° 155°
45°
50°
55°
60°
0 - 200м
- без улова- менее 10
- 10 - 100
- 100 - 1000
- более 1000
140° 145° 150° 155°
45°
50°
55°
60°
200 - 500м
Share (%) of Gonatidaespecies in the epipelagic and upper mesopelagicduring winter, December 1990 – January 1991
- Berryteuthis magister
- Gonatus madokai
- Boreoteuthis borealis - Gonatus tinro
- Gonatopsis octopedatus
0 – 200 m 200 – 500 mBd=72 kg/km2 Bd=431 kg/km2
45%
13%23%17%
40% 22%
25%
- Gonatidae
no catshless 1010 – 100
100-1000
more 1000
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
200
400
1800
2000
5400
kg/km2
s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s о w s s s о w1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ][ 2003 2004 2005 2006 ][ 2007
- Berryteuthis magister
- Gonatus madokai
- Boreoteuthis borealis
- Gonatus tinro
-Gonatus onyx
-Gonatus kamtschaticus
Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidaeoff the west Kamchatka in
the Okhotsk Sea
- epipelagic0 – 200 m
- uppermesopelagic200 – 500 m
Baric observations in the Okhotsk Sea
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
Anomaly of the difference in atmospheric pressure between Nikolaevsk-na-Amure and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski with different time of data averaging :Blue line – 7 months; Red line – 25 months; Black line – 61 months.Points – observations of atmospheric pressure during trawl survey
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1,1
1,2
200
400
600
1400
3200
s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s о w2001 2002 ][ 2003 2004 2005 2006][2007 2008
- Boreoteuthis borealis
- Gonatus tinro
- Gonatidae
- Gonatopsis japonicus
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1,1
1,2
200
400
600
1400
3200
s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s о w2001 2002 ][ 2003 2004 2005 2006][2007 2008
- Boreoteuthis borealis
- Gonatus tinro
- Gonatidae
- Gonatopsis japonicus
-epipelagic0 – 200 m
- uppermesopelagic200 – 500 m
Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidaein the northern Okhotsk Sea
2
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
200
400
kg/km2
w w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о о w s s о w s s s о
1991 ] [ 1993][1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000
- Berryteuthis magister
- Gonatus madokai
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
200
400
kg/km2
w w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о о w s s о w s s s о
1991 ] [ 1993][1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000
- Berryteuthis magister
- Gonatus madokai
Atmospheric pressure field, favorable for penetration of warm Pacific waters into the Okhotsk Sea in spring (March-May) in 1997, 2003, 2004 and 2007.
Main atmospheric pressure field in Spring (March-May)
Atmospheric pressure field, favorable for maximal penetration of warm Pacific waters into the Okhotsk Sea in March in 1997, 2003, 2004 and 2007.
1997 2003 & 2004 2007
1997 2003 2004 2007
Long-term average main atmospheric pressure field in Summer (June-September) atmospheric pressure in
Summer 2003atmospheric pressure inSummer 2007
Patterns of atmospheric pressure in the northwestern Pacific Oceanand Asian marginal seas
Outcomes• In the northern Okhotsk Sea, two species of the family Gonatidae
Berryteuthis magister and Gonatus madokai dominated pelagic cephalopod communities
• In the northern Okhotsk Sea, Berryteuthis magister and Gonatus madokai fluctuated out-of-phase
• In the southern Okhotsk Sea, Boreoteuthis borealis dominated epipelagic layers
• In the southern Okhotsk Sea, the structure of cephalopod community was polydominant in the mesopipelagic layers
• Off west Kamchatka, pelagic cephalopod community was similar to that in the northern Okhotsk Sea, but with three dominant species: Berryteuthis magister, Gonatus madokai and Boreoteuthis borealis
• Autumn biomass density of the gonatid squids in the Okhotsk Sea depends upon spring atmospheric patterns in case of low cyclonic activity during spring and summer, when the exists an increased inflow of Pacific waters into the Okhotsk Sea
Thank you for your attention!!!!