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Long Term Investing401K’s, IRA’s, Mutual Funds
Financial Literacy
• Bank Accounts
• Credit Cards
• Brokerage Accounts
• Stocks
• Bonds
• Student Loans
• Real Estate
Historical PerformancePerformance is the sum of 2 components:• Income (dividends or interest)• Capital Gains (price rising)
Minus any fees paid to invest & taxes owed on gains/interest
These return #’s do not account for taxes paid
Asset Allocation
Process of picking sectors to invest in
Bonds CashAccount
Stocks
no risk med. risk high risk
I thinkI’m brilliantvery high risk
$300,000 to invest ? ? ? ????
RealEstate
Mutual Funds
• professionally managed collective investment vehicle that pools money from investors to purchase securities
– Some funds can buy only stocks or only bonds
– Some funds can buy a combination of investments
Professional Managers Invest your money.
They are paid a yearlymanagement fee
Money Pooled in a specific fund
Hidden Fees on Mutual Funds
Funds have yearly management fees •You should not pay more than .75% per year
Some funds have loads (1-time fee) to buy the fund•Often these “loads” are hidden from investors•Do not buy any fund with a load!
ETF’s• ETF’s = exchange traded funds
• Similar to mutual funds, except they trade in the form of a stock.– Fees are typically lower than mutual funds
– You can trade these during any trading day (very liquid)• Examples: SPY (sp500), XLK (technology), GLD (gold)
Pick your own mutual fund
• Reading:
Brokerage Accounts
• Most financial institutions offer brokerage accounts– allow you to invest in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, commodities, etc….
• Beware: many of these firms have high fees and sell load mutual funds!
Banks vs. Brokerage Firms
Brokerage FirmSpecialize in accounts for stocks, bonds, mutual funds
BanksChecking & Savings accounts, credit cards, loans, & brokerage accounts
Types of Brokerage Accounts
There are many types of brokerage accounts:
401-KIRARoth IRA
1) Retirement:Tax deferred => no taxesuntil you take money out!
529 (college savings)2) Specific
Regular brokerage3) Taxable
Retirement Gamble PBS Video
2013 PBS special on retirement investment dangers….
http://video.pbs.org/video/2365000843/?starttime=3131000
Play 19 minutes => end day 1 block period
Brokerage Accounts are used to save money in stocks, bonds, etc…
Mutual funds are efficient ways to diversify your savings
Mutual funds range from:- low fee, index funds - high fee, load, leveraged funds
Types of accounts for retirement: IRA, Roth IRA, 401-K or Taxable Regular Savings account
Purpose of Your Stock Portfolio?
YOURPORTFOLIO OF STOCKS
SP500INDEX
Active InvestingBuy & Hold Investing
Actively manage stocks to “beat market”Often “market time” (get in, get out)
Pay higher fees, taxes, trading costsTake more risk, often underperform market
Passively manage stocks Never “market time” (get in, get out)
Pay lower fees, taxes, trading costsTake less risk, match market return
SP500MarketReturn
Reading: Just How Dumb are Investors?
Continued: Retirement Gamble PBS Video
2013 PBS special on retirement investment dangers….
http://video.pbs.org/video/2365000843/?starttime=3131000
Play part 2: start 19 minutes in => end day 2 regular period
Reading: Mistrust Your Financial Instincts
System 1 System 2
Financial Advisors are not required to act in your “best interest” (unless a fiduciary)
System 1 (fast thinking) is dangerous when making investment decisions
Confirmation Bias causes people to not learn from mistakes
BUT! Cognitive dissonance is trying to help you learn!
•research shows most people don’t!
Investment Wrap-up
. .
.When confronted with new information, most people seek to preserve their current understanding of the world by rejecting, explaining away or avoiding the information
Warren Buffet Advice
Rule of 70
70/20% = 3.5 years
70/ 10% = 7 years
70/ 5% = 14 years
in nominal terms
Money Doubles in
The Power of Compounding$10,000 invested today would be worth:
Return 15-years 30-years Per year |-------Holding Period----|
2.0% $13,459 $18,114 3.0% $15,580 $24,273 5.0% $20,789 $43,219 6.0% $23,966 $57,435 7.0% $27,590 $76,123
10.0% $41,772 $174,494 12.0% $54,736 $299,599 14.0% $71,379 $509,502 15.0% $81,371 $662,118