Long Test No. 1 (Feb. 4)Long Test No. 1 (Feb. 4)Pointers for ReviewPointers for Review

Reproduction in PlantsReproduction in Plants 1. Sexual Reproduction1. Sexual Reproduction - Parts of a Flower- Parts of a Flower - Pollination- Pollination

- Fertilization- Fertilization - Seed Dispersal & Germination- Seed Dispersal & Germination 2. Asexual Reproduction2. Asexual Reproduction

- Natural Vegetative Propagation- Natural Vegetative Propagation- Artificial Vegetative Propagation- Artificial Vegetative Propagation

Quiz # 3 on ThursdayQuiz # 3 on Thursday

1.1. Seed germinationSeed germination

2.2. Needs of a growing seedNeeds of a growing seed

3.3. Asexual ReproductionAsexual Reproduction

- Natural Vegetative Propagation- Natural Vegetative Propagation

- Artificial Vegetative Propagation- Artificial Vegetative Propagation

Asexual Asexual ReproductionReproduction(plants)(plants)

Plants are important part of the environment and our lives. In fact, many of our needs are being sustained by the different plants around us.

Can you name some important things or needs we get from plants?

Germination

Growing plant

Flowering plant

Pollination

Fertilization

Dispersal of seeds

Some plants don't Some plants don't produce flowers produce flowers and seeds. Plants and seeds. Plants such as such as ferns ferns and mossesand mosses are are called non-called non-flowering plants flowering plants and produce and produce sporesspores instead of instead of seeds. seeds.

Spores are Spores are microscopic specks microscopic specks of living material.of living material. Ferns produce their Ferns produce their spores on the spores on the undersides of the undersides of the leaves (fronds). leaves (fronds).

They are the brown They are the brown "spots" or "pads" on "spots" or "pads" on the bottom of the the bottom of the leaves.leaves.

Some plants uses Some plants uses plant parts in plant parts in order to order to reproduce. We reproduce. We call it call it asexual asexual reproduction or reproduction or vegetative vegetative propagationpropagation of of plants.plants.

Reproduction in PlantsReproduction in Plants

Sexual Asexual

•Pollination (self or cross)

REPRODUCTION

PLANT

•Fertilization

•Flowers (perfect or imperfect)

•Fruits and Seeds

•Seed dispersal/Germination •Seedling- young plant

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

Natural Artificial

Natural Vegetative PropagationNatural Vegetative Propagation

Natural vegetative propagation is the growing of new plants from

parts of a parent plantsuch as underground stems, roots

and leaves.

New Plants From StemsNew Plants From Stems

Modified stems

BulbBulb Examples: onion (sibuyas), lily, hyacinth Examples: onion (sibuyas), lily, hyacinth

and tulipand tulip A A bulbbulb is consist of a short stem base with is consist of a short stem base with

one or more buds enclosed in many fleshy one or more buds enclosed in many fleshy leaves, which store food.leaves, which store food.

CormCorm Examples: Gabi, Gladiola and BegoniaExamples: Gabi, Gladiola and Begonia CormCorm is a thick stem base with scaly is a thick stem base with scaly

leaves at the nodes and contains stored leaves at the nodes and contains stored food.food.

TuberTuber Examples: Irish potatoExamples: Irish potato TuberTuber is enlarged because of stored food. is enlarged because of stored food. The “eyes” of the potato are its nodes The “eyes” of the potato are its nodes

where buds and roots where buds and roots

will develop. will develop.

RhizomeRhizome Example: Ginger (luya), birds of paradiseExample: Ginger (luya), birds of paradise RhizomeRhizome is an underground stem that is an underground stem that

grows horizontally near the soil surface.grows horizontally near the soil surface. Roots and buds develop at the nodes and Roots and buds develop at the nodes and

grow into new plants.grow into new plants.

Runners and StolonsRunners and Stolons Examples: Strawberry and BermudaExamples: Strawberry and Bermuda These stems grow horizontally above the These stems grow horizontally above the

ground. When the node touchesground. When the node touches

the ground the roots and leavesthe ground the roots and leavesdevelop and a new plant growsdevelop and a new plant grows

New Plants from RootsNew Plants from Roots Plants like the turnip (or singkamas), Plants like the turnip (or singkamas),

carrot, radish and sweet potato (kamote) carrot, radish and sweet potato (kamote) have storage roots. have storage roots.

These roots contain food.These roots contain food. When planted, storage roots grow into When planted, storage roots grow into

new plants. new plants.

New Plants from the LeavesNew Plants from the Leaves Katakataka has leaves that produce new Katakataka has leaves that produce new

plants separate from the parent plant and plants separate from the parent plant and continue to grow.continue to grow.

Begonia plants have also produce new Begonia plants have also produce new plants from their leaves that touch the soil. plants from their leaves that touch the soil.

Artificial Vegetative PropagationArtificial Vegetative Propagation

It is a method of propagating It is a method of propagating plants plants develop by peopledevelop by people who are who are

engaged in the production of engaged in the production of plants for food or decoration.plants for food or decoration.

CuttingCutting

The cutting produces new The cutting produces new rootsroots, , stemsstems, or , or both, and thus becomes a new plant both, and thus becomes a new plant independent of the parent. independent of the parent.

LayeringLayering

LayeringLayering is a technique for is a technique for plant propagationplant propagation in which a portion of an in which a portion of an aerial aerial stemstem is encouraged to grow is encouraged to grow rootsroots while still attached to the parent plant and while still attached to the parent plant and then removed and planted as an then removed and planted as an independent plant.independent plant.

(A)Pull branch down for

simple layer. (B) Make wound or

cut at bend.(C) Stake tip to hold

upright.

Compound layers are suitable for plants with long stems or vines.

GraftingGraftingA branch or stem is cut from one plant carefully and joined to another. The branch or stem shares the food and water that passes through the stem of the mother plant.

Grafting is done to improve the quality of some plants.

Grafting is use to:

1.speed the maturity of some plants.

2.provide strong stalk for some ornamental plats.

3.repair a damage trunk of a tree which stops the flow of nutrients.

BuddingBudding

It is done by choosing and cutting a bud from one plant and attaching it to another plant. The bud must fit well to the mother plant.When the bud grows big enough it will become part of the plant.

Steps 1

7654

2

1

3

MarcottingMarcotting

In marcotting, a healthy mature plant is In marcotting, a healthy mature plant is selected. selected.

The bark of the plant’s stem is removed.The bark of the plant’s stem is removed. Soil must be put around the open stem Soil must be put around the open stem

which is then wrapped with cloth, plastic or which is then wrapped with cloth, plastic or coconut husk.coconut husk.

In few months time, roots will grow out of In few months time, roots will grow out of the stem.the stem.

CloningCloning

Cloning is a method of producing a new Cloning is a method of producing a new plant using tissue of culture.plant using tissue of culture.

Beginning with a group of cells cut from Beginning with a group of cells cut from the part of the mother plant, thousands of the part of the mother plant, thousands of exact copies can be produced within a exact copies can be produced within a short period.short period.

Natural Vegetative propagationNatural Vegetative propagation - the growing of new plants from parts of a

parent plant such as underground stems, roots and leaves.

Plants can grow from stems, roots and leaves Plants can grow from stems, roots and leaves (Modified stem)(Modified stem)

A. bulbA. bulb B. tuberB. tuber C. cormC. corm D. rhizomeD. rhizome E. runners/ stolonsE. runners/ stolons

Artificial vegetative propagationArtificial vegetative propagation A method of propagating plants develop A method of propagating plants develop

by people who are engaged in the by people who are engaged in the production of plants for food or decoration.production of plants for food or decoration.

CuttingCutting GraftingGrafting LayeringLayering BuddingBudding MarcottingMarcotting CloningCloning These methods of propagation helps improve These methods of propagation helps improve

the quality of plants.the quality of plants.