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LONGNOSE DACE RESPONSES TO CONTAMINANTSIN SOUTHERN ALBERTA RIVERS
Lee Jackson
Professor and Associate Head (Graduate)Department of Biological Sciences
Executive Director - ACWA
Advancing Canadian Wastewater Assets (ACWA) Provides Innovative Collaborations and Exciting Research Opportunities
A SOCIETAL PROBLEM
Birth control pills, cancer drugs and a host of other pharmaceuticals that people flush down the drain every day are showing up in our drinking water, says Gord Miller, Ontario's environmental commissioner.
Last Updated: Monday, March 27, 2006 | 11:17 AM ET
"We need to do a better job of keeping drugs out of lakes, rivers and drinking water," Miller told the Kitchener‐Waterloo Record on Wednesday.
Although the drugs are not considered a threat to human health, there is evidence that they can harm wildlife.
RELATED LINK: Antidepressant drugs found in drinking water; pharmaceuticals have now become environmental pollutants
"There is no health hazard in drinking water now that has been detected in Canada, but we have detected substances in drinking water," he said, adding that the problem is likely to get worse rather than better as the population grows.
Pill‐popping society fouling our water, official says
•Decreased sperm mobility over the last 50 years
•Increased rates of cancers under hormonal control (breast, ovarian, testicular, prostrate)
•Individuals present at a younger age
A: Maybe we are; maybe we aren’t…..
Issues to ponder….
THE CHALLENGE – ARE PEOPLE SAFE?
THE CHALLENGE – ARE PEOPLE SAFE?
Many environmental studies….
Florida AlligatorsFish downstream of wastewater effluent inputsTurtles in Ontario wetlandsAmphibians in IllinoisMarine mammals
…. Provide abundant evidence of endocrine disruption in field populations
?
The water in which these fish live……
….. is the water we drink
THE CHALLENGE – ARE PEOPLE SAFE?
This presents a problem…..
For obvious reasons we can’t conduct the experiments required to test hypotheses regarding human exposure to EDCs……
THE CHALLENGE – ARE PEOPLE SAFE?
THE CHALLENGE – ARE PEOPLE SAFE?
What is the message we should take from studies on wildlife (ie, what is our risk)?
TRADITIONAL ECOTOXICOLOGY
Contaminantof
Concern
Dose
Res
pons
e
Dose
Res
pons
e
To theField
Often we cannot predict patterns in the field….
• Chemicals are not present by themselves
• Organisms experience natural stress that is unrelated to contaminants
X
TRADITIONAL ECOTOXICOLOGY
Ask biota to tell us where there are problems pituitary ovaries
liver
gonadotropins
estrog
en
vitello
genin
A DIFFERENT APPROACH
eggs
“Effects‐based”
MESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE
Rhinichthys cataractae
Highway 2
Highway 3APopson Park
Pavan Park
Highway 845
TaberHighway 36Olin Bridge
Oldman River
MESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE
Bow River
BonnybrookBonnybrook
Bragg CreekBragg Creek Glenmore
ReservoirGlenmore Reservoir
MESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE
April 2005
Olin Hwy 2 Hwy 3A Popson Pavan Hwy 845 Taber Hwy 36
CPUE (fish/50
00 secon
ds of e
ffort)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000Ft. MacLeod Lethbridge
Oldman River
MESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE
From: Jeffries, KM (2007) MSc Thesis, University of Calgary
Ft. MacLeod Lethbridge
April 2005Males
Olin Hwy 2 Hwy 3A Popson Pavan Hwy 845 Taber Hwy 36
Rel
ativ
e vi
tello
geni
n ex
pres
sion
(Vtg
:18s
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
From: Jeffries, Nelson, Jackson & Habibi (2008) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 27: 2042-2052
Oldman RiverMESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE
Oldman RiverMESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE
Rel
ativ
e vi
tello
geni
n ex
pres
sion
(Vtg
:18s
)Ft. MacLeod Lethbridge
Ft. MacLeod Lethbridge
April 2005Females
From: Jeffries, Nelson, Jackson & Habibi (2008) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 27: 2042-2052
April 2005
Olin Hwy 2 Hwy 3A Popson Pavan Hwy 845 Taber Hwy 36
Sex Ra
tio (%
adu
lts that are fe
male)
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100Ft. MacLeod Lethbridge
From: Jeffries, Nelson, Jackson & Habibi (2008) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 27: 2042-2052
Oldman RiverMESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE
MESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE Oldman River
From: JS MacNeil, BSc Thesis, in progress
Ft. MacLeod Lethbridge
August 2009
** no data
MESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE Oldman River
From: JS MacNeil, BSc Thesis, in progress
Ft. MacLeod Lethbridge
August 2009
MESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE Oldman River
From: JS MacNeil, BSc Thesis, in progress
Ft. MacLeod Lethbridge
Sex Ra
tio (%
adu
lts that are fe
male) August 2009
MESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE Bow River
From: S Henderson, MSc Thesis, in progress
Sex Ra
tio (%
adu
lts that are fe
male)
September 2009
MESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE Oldman River
Normal Testis
Spermatozoa
Normal Ovary
Early stage Oocyte
Later stage Oocyte
MESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE Oldman River
Oocytes
Testicular Tissue
AND
MESSAGES FROM LONGNOSE DACE
Oldman River
• Male dace vitellogenin upregulated throughout basin• Evidence exists for downregulation of female vitellogenin• Female‐biased sex ratios exist at a number of sites• Patterns are consistent through time
Bow River
• Male dace vitellogenin upregulated throughout basin• Evidence exists for downregulation of female vitellogenin• Female‐biased sex ratios exist at a number of sites• Temporal pattern unknown (except male vitellogenin)
BROAD PATTERNS LOOK SIMILAR
SAFE AND SECURESAFE AND SECUREWATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLY
PUBLICPUBLICHEALTHHEALTH
GLOBAL ISSUESGLOBAL ISSUES
LOCAL OPPORTUNITIES LOCAL OPPORTUNITIES
““ INTERNATIONAL CLASSINTERNATIONAL CLASS”” SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS
THE CHALLENGE – ARE PEOPLE SAFE?
ADVANCING CANADIAN WASTEWATER ADVANCING CANADIAN WASTEWATER ASSETS ASSETS RESEARCH FACILITYRESEARCH FACILITY
A UNIQUE FACILITY TO A UNIQUE FACILITY TO UNDERTAKE LEADING UNDERTAKE LEADING
WASTEWATER RESEARCHWASTEWATER RESEARCH
ACWA FacilityACWA Facility
12 Replicated Experimental Research Streams
Novel EngineeringTechnologies
ACWA FacilityACWA Facility
Engineering Modules:
Two, parallel, 0.25 mega litre/day linesTest advanced wastewater treatment (filtration, oxidation)
to improve efficiency and remove contaminantsCan be pushed to failureWill feed experimental streams
Experimental Research Streams:
Can receive Bow River waterCan receive engineering module effluent~ 325 x 1.5 m with 10 pool/riffle combinations 12 streams provides true experimental replicationemerging contaminants can be dosed via headworkswater can be retreated through Pine Ck plantwill be “seeded” with native species and experimental populations
SAFE & SECURE WATER SUPPLY SAFE & SECURE WATER SUPPLY PUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH
Source WaterSource WaterProtectionProtection
Safe Treatment and DistributionSafe Treatment and Distribution
Safe Safe WastewaterWastewaterDischargeDischarge
ACWA