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Methods ofMethods of
Determining DeerDetermining DeerHarvestHarvest
Lonnie HansenLonnie Hansen
Missouri Department ofMissouri Department of
ConservationConservation
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Determining DeerDetermining Deer
HarvestHarvest
Overview ofOverview of
methodsmethods
MissouriMissouri
experienceexperience
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Why Do We NeedWhy Do We Needto Know Howto Know How
Many Deer areMany Deer areHarvested?Harvested?
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Deer Mortality inDeer Mortality in
MissouriMissouri
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re a on ore a on oSignificant on AdultSignificant on Adult
DeerDeer
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Missouri Deer Well FedMissouri Deer Well Fed
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Deer MortalityDeer Mortality
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Hunting MostHunting Most
Significant MortalitySignificant Mortality
FactorFactor
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Hunting Mortality inHunting Mortality in
Rural MissouriRural Missouri
MissouriMissouriDeerDeerBuckBuckmortality mortality
82%-97% a82%-97% aresult ofresult ofhuntinghunting
DoeDoemortalit mortalit
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Importance of HarvestImportance of Harvest
DataData
BasicBasic
information oninformation ondeerdeer
populationpopulation
statusstatus Serves asServes as
basis forbasis for
setting harvestsetting harvest
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Measuring HarvestMeasuring Harvest
Direct methodsDirect methodsMandatory in-Mandatory in-
personperson
checking mostchecking most
commoncommon
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van ages ovan ages oMandatory In-PersonMandatory In-Person
CheckingChecking Data recordingData recording
errors minimizederrors minimized
because thebecause the
checker sees thechecker sees the
deerdeer
Ease of biologicalEase of biologicaldata collectiondata collection
Positive publicPositive public
contacts/enforcecontacts/enforce
mentment
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sa van ages osa van ages oMandatory In-PersonMandatory In-Person
CheckingChecking Agency costAgency costMonetaryMonetary
Staff timeStaff time HunterHunter
inconvenienceinconvenience
and costand cost ComplianceCompliance
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Measuring HarvestMeasuring Harvest
Other directOther direct
methodsmethods Road blocksRoad blocks
Locker plantLocker plant
checkschecks Field bag checksField bag checks
VoluntaryVoluntary
checkingchecking
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Measuring HarvestMeasuring Harvest
IndirectIndirect
methodsmethods MandatoryMandatory
telechecktelecheck
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Advantages ofAdvantages of
Mandatory TelecheckMandatory Telecheck
Simple and convenient forSimple and convenient for
huntershunters Immediate access to harvestImmediate access to harvest
datadata
Some enforcement advantagesSome enforcement advantages More cost effective for agency?More cost effective for agency?
Redirect staff timeRedirect staff time
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Disadvantages ofDisadvantages of
Mandatory TelecheckMandatory Telecheck Loss of social focal pointLoss of social focal point
Increased cost?Increased cost?
Compliance?Compliance? Some lost enforcementSome lost enforcement
opportunitiesopportunities
Collecting biologicalCollecting biological
information moreinformation more
problematicproblematic
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Measuring HarvestMeasuring Harvest
IndirectIndirect
methodsmethods MandatoryMandatory
telechecktelecheck Random mailRandom mail
surveyssurveys
RandomRandomtelephonetelephone
surveyssurveys
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van ages o an omvan ages o an omMail/TelephoneMail/Telephone
SurveysSurveys Simple and convenient forSimple and convenient forhuntershunters
More cost effective for agency?More cost effective for agency? Redirect staff timeRedirect staff time Can estimate other hunterCan estimate other hunter
activities/interestsactivities/interests DistributionDistribution Days huntedDays hunted PreferencesPreferences
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sa van ages osa van ages oMail/TelephoneMail/Telephone
SurveysSurveys Loss of social focal pointLoss of social focal point
Harvest data not immediatelyHarvest data not immediatelyavailableavailable
Lost enforcementLost enforcement
opportunitiesopportunities
Collecting biologicalCollecting biological
information moreinformation more
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Measuring HarvestMeasuring Harvest
IndirectIndirectmethodsmethods MandatoryMandatory
telechecktelecheck Random mailRandom mail
surveyssurveys
RandomRandomtelephonetelephonesurveyssurveys
MandatoryMandatory
postcardpostcard
an ages oan ages o
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van ages ovan ages oMandatory PostcardMandatory Postcard
RegistrationRegistration
Simple and convenient forSimple and convenient forhuntershunters
More cost effective forMore cost effective for
agency?agency? Redirect staff timeRedirect staff time
sa van ages osa van ages o
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sa van ages osa van ages oMandatory PostcardMandatory Postcard
RegistrationRegistration Loss of social focal pointLoss of social focal point
Compliance?Compliance? Lost enforcementLost enforcement
opportunitiesopportunities
Harvest data not immediatelyHarvest data not immediately
availableavailable
Collecting biologicalCollecting biological
s ory o n persons ory o n person
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s ory o n-persons ory o n-personChecking of White-tailedChecking of White-tailed
Deer in MissouriDeer in Missouri In-personIn-personchecking of allchecking of alldeer wasdeer was
requiredrequiredstarting instarting in19681968
Because of theBecause of thecosts (timecosts (timeand money),and money),in-personin-person
checking waschecking was
nnua os s o nnnua os s o n
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nnua os s o n-nnua os s o n-person Checking -person Checking -
20032003
$782,018Total
$70,000Process checksheets and buyseals
$240,969Conservation agentsalaries/mileage
$471,049Direct payments tocheck station
operators
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In-person Checking ofIn-person Checking of
Deer in MissouriDeer in Missouri We exploredWe explored
alternatives toalternatives toin-personin-personchecking onchecking onseveralseveraloccasions andoccasions andfound nofound nosuitablesuitablealternativealternative
Telecheck cameTelecheck cameonto the sceneonto the scenein the mid-in the mid-1990s as an1990s as an
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An experimental evaluationAn experimental evaluationof telecheck was conductedof telecheck was conducted
to determine whether itto determine whether itwould provide similarwould provide similarinformation as in-personinformation as in-person
checking. Specifically:checking. Specifically:Were harvest reporting ratesWere harvest reporting rates
similar?similar?
Were biological dataWere biological data
Telecheck in MissouriTelecheck in Missouri
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Telecheck in MissouriTelecheck in Missouri
In fall 2003, we recruited firearmsIn fall 2003, we recruited firearmsdeer hunters for the study at permitdeer hunters for the study at permitvendorsvendors
A person who bought a permit atA person who bought a permit atselected vendors was assigned atselected vendors was assigned atrandom to arandom to a controlcontrolgroupgroup or aor atelecheck grouptelecheck group
Three study groupsThree study groups Control groupControl group Telecheck groupTelecheck group No contact group. Persons buyingNo contact group. Persons buying
permits at other vendors who werepermits at other vendors who werenot aware of the study. This groupnot aware of the study. This group
did in-person check as usual.did in-person check as usual.
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STUDYSTUDYRESULTSRESULTS
ummary oummary o
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ummary oummary oExperimentalExperimental
EvaluationEvaluation Harvest reporting rate was 24%Harvest reporting rate was 24%
lower for the no contact grouplower for the no contact group
than for the control or telecheckthan for the control or telecheckgroup probably because huntersgroup probably because hunters
in the study felt they were underin the study felt they were under
more scrutiny than those whomore scrutiny than those whowere not in the study.were not in the study.
Age/Gender distributions wereAge/Gender distributions were
similarsimilar
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Conclusion fromConclusion from
ExperimentalExperimental
EvaluationEvaluation
Telecheck is a viable wayTelecheck is a viable wayto collect harvest datato collect harvest data
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OperationalOperational
Evaluation ofEvaluation ofTelecheckTelecheck
With a few exceptions,With a few exceptions,the Telecheck Systemthe Telecheck System
has worked well and ishas worked well and ispopularpopular
h i h
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Any Changes withAny Changes with
Telecheck?Telecheck?
We have maintained anWe have maintained an
independent estimate of harvestindependent estimate of harvestfrom a post-season mail surveyfrom a post-season mail survey
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Comparison of Mail SurveyComparison of Mail Survey
and Mandatory Checkingand Mandatory Checking
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
1976 1977 1978 1980 1981 1985 1986 1987 1988 1990 1993 1996 2004 2005 2006 2007
Harvest
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
%D
ifference
Percentage Difference
Mail Survey Estimate
Check Station
Telecheck
o a s e eso a s e es
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o a s e eso a s e esWay to MeasureWay to Measure
Harvest?Harvest? Overall, there probably is noOverall, there probably is no
best way.best way.Depends on history in stateDepends on history in state
Depends on public acceptanceDepends on public acceptance
Depends on budgetsDepends on budgetsDepends on deer managementDepends on deer management
systemsystem
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The Iowa and MissouriThe Iowa and Missouri
ExperienceExperience
History of measuring harvestHistory of measuring harvest
differentdifferent Implementation of telecheckImplementation of telecheck
No change in harvest inNo change in harvest in
MissouriMissouri Iowa harvest estimate declinedIowa harvest estimate declined
by 28%by 28%
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i SFi D S
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Firearms Deer SeasonFirearms Deer Season
20032003Harvest Reporting RateHarvest Reporting Rate
0.768 0.785
0.588
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Group
HarvestReporting
Telecheck
Control
No Contact
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Firearms Deer SeasonFirearms Deer Season
20032003
Age/GenderAge/Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Doe Button Buck Antlered Buck
Age/Gender
Percen
Telecheck
Control
No Contact