Look what Luther Look what Luther Caused!!Caused!!

Quick Review!Quick Review!

In 1517,Luther In 1517,Luther mailed his document mailed his document to his Bishop, but alsoto his Bishop, but alsonailed the pagesto the nailed the pagesto the door of the Castle door of the Castle Church, which was Church, which was

normal for that time normal for that time

period.period.

Luther defended by the Elector Luther defended by the Elector of Saxony, Frederick III. Frederick of Saxony, Frederick III. Frederick had him escorted to and from the had him escorted to and from the DietDiet of Worms in 1521. of Worms in 1521.

The topic was Luther and his 95 The topic was Luther and his 95 Theses specifically and the Theses specifically and the Reformation generally.Reformation generally.

Questioned about books he had Questioned about books he had written.written.

Diet was supposed to give judgement, he fled before Diet was supposed to give judgement, he fled before they did.they did.

Charles V’s JudgementCharles V’s Judgement

“ “For this reason we forbid For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour the said sustain, or favour the said Martin Luther. On the contrary, Martin Luther. On the contrary, we want him to be apprehended we want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious and punished as a notorious heretic, as he deserves, to be heretic, as he deserves, to be brought personally before us, or brought personally before us, or to be securely guarded until to be securely guarded until those who have captured him those who have captured him inform us, whereupon we will inform us, whereupon we will order the appropriate manner of order the appropriate manner of proceeding against the said proceeding against the said Luther. Those who will help in Luther. Those who will help in his capture will be rewarded his capture will be rewarded generously for their good work.”generously for their good work.”

Charles VCharles V

Complex Coat of Complex Coat of arms because of arms because of complex complex ancestry.ancestry.

Related to Related to powerful German, powerful German, French, and French, and Spanish families, Spanish families, and was Spanish and was Spanish Emperor as well Emperor as well as being the Holy as being the Holy Roman Emperor.Roman Emperor.

Queen Elizabeth IIQueen Elizabeth II

Why was he a heretic?Why was he a heretic?

1.1. Challenged the authority of the Pope.Challenged the authority of the Pope.

2.2. Challenged the sacraments by saying Challenged the sacraments by saying salvation was through faith alone.salvation was through faith alone.

3.3. Challenged Church authority by Challenged Church authority by saying all non-scripture doctrines saying all non-scripture doctrines should be thrown away.should be thrown away.

When asked to recant his statement, he When asked to recant his statement, he said:said:

“… “…Unless I am convicted by Scripture Unless I am convicted by Scripture and plain reason – I do not accept the and plain reason – I do not accept the authority of popes and councils, for they authority of popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other – my have contradicted each other – my conscience is captive to the Word of God. conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything, I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe…”right nor safe…”

HidingHiding

He had impressed some princes by He had impressed some princes by standing up for his faith.standing up for his faith.

Frederick III hid Luther in Wartburg Frederick III hid Luther in Wartburg Castle for a year.Castle for a year.

Spent the time Spent the time

translating the translating the

New Testament.New Testament.

What he started.What he started.

Became political because he needed Became political because he needed princes’ support.princes’ support.

Different princes supported him.Different princes supported him.

Important questions started being asked.Important questions started being asked.-What is the relationship between secular -What is the relationship between secular power and the Church?power and the Church?-How does a person make decisions with -How does a person make decisions with competing authorities?competing authorities?-What is the relationship between -What is the relationship between individual conscience and authority?individual conscience and authority?

The PeasantsThe Peasants

Serfs were having issues.Serfs were having issues. They saw Luther’s claims as support They saw Luther’s claims as support

for their own concerns.for their own concerns.-Nobles abusing authority-Nobles abusing authority-Taxing (against tradition)-Taxing (against tradition)

Some wanted to be free from serfdom, Some wanted to be free from serfdom, others wanted reduced rent and stolen others wanted reduced rent and stolen land.land.

Things get worse…Things get worse…

In 1523 and 1524, there were crop In 1523 and 1524, there were crop failures. Why do you think this is failures. Why do you think this is important?important?

In 1524, peasants In 1524, peasants decided to rebel decided to rebel against the princes against the princes of all sorts of areas. of all sorts of areas. Over 250,000 took Over 250,000 took part.part.

Luther’s Reaction to the Luther’s Reaction to the revoltrevolt

What do you guys think? Did he What do you guys think? Did he support it or not?support it or not?

He condemned the peasants. He did He condemned the peasants. He did not see his 95 Theses as social reform. not see his 95 Theses as social reform. He argued that the Bible did not deal He argued that the Bible did not deal with secular authority or economic with secular authority or economic gain (Pg.33)gain (Pg.33)

Things Did start to change Things Did start to change though.though.

Some places did adopt his views. In those Some places did adopt his views. In those places, clergy married, monasteries places, clergy married, monasteries closed, and secular powers became more closed, and secular powers became more important.important.

Schools started to teach the Bible, which Schools started to teach the Bible, which educated people how to read (both men educated people how to read (both men and women).and women).

Women started to get more power at Women started to get more power at home, including the power to make money home, including the power to make money decisions.decisions.

Calvin and the spread of the Calvin and the spread of the ReformationReformation

John Calvin (1509-1564) spread ideas John Calvin (1509-1564) spread ideas further than Luther ever did.further than Luther ever did.

He was born in France and had some of his He was born in France and had some of his own issues with the Church. He agreed own issues with the Church. He agreed with some of Luther’s points, but with some of Luther’s points, but disagreed in others. disagreed in others.

His works were published more, and his His works were published more, and his version of Protestantism spread into version of Protestantism spread into England, Scotland, the Netherlands and England, Scotland, the Netherlands and Central and Eastern Europe.Central and Eastern Europe.

In France, the protestants were called In France, the protestants were called Huguenots. We will come back to this.Huguenots. We will come back to this.

The Catholic ReformationThe Catholic Reformation

Some within the Catholic Church Some within the Catholic Church accepted the need for change, and tried accepted the need for change, and tried to start some.to start some.

New orders were created, like the New orders were created, like the

Ursulines, a group of women dedicated Ursulines, a group of women dedicated to the sick and the poor, and the Jesuits; to the sick and the poor, and the Jesuits; a group well-organized and versed in the a group well-organized and versed in the teachings of the Bible. It was they who teachings of the Bible. It was they who went to the new world to convert the went to the new world to convert the natives.natives.

UrsulinesUrsulines

JesuitsJesuits

Council of Trent (1545)Council of Trent (1545)

In 1545, Pope Paul III called the Council In 1545, Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent. They met until 1563. A few of Trent. They met until 1563. A few things happened:things happened:-Belief included scripture and tradition,-Belief included scripture and tradition,-Bishops had to live in their own -Bishops had to live in their own diocese,diocese,-Sale of Indulgences was ended.-Sale of Indulgences was ended.-Clergy had to be better trained and -Clergy had to be better trained and disciplined,disciplined,-Seminaries established,-Seminaries established,-Celibacy enforced.-Celibacy enforced.

Legacy of the ReformationLegacy of the Reformation

Protestantism introduced new ideas and Protestantism introduced new ideas and beliefs. Never again would the continent beliefs. Never again would the continent attempt to have one belief.attempt to have one belief.

Ideas spread because of an increase in Ideas spread because of an increase in literacy.literacy.

Protestantism led to greater equality.Protestantism led to greater equality.

PLURALISM became the new norm in PLURALISM became the new norm in Europe, the idea that a choice of beliefs and Europe, the idea that a choice of beliefs and mindsets was the everyday norm.mindsets was the everyday norm.