Looking Forward by Jacque Fresco

8/12/2019 Looking Forward by Jacque Fresco

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LookingLooking

ForwardForwardKENNETH S. KEYES, JR. and JACQUE FRESCOKENNETH S. KEYES, JR. and JACQUE FRESCO

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Dedicated to the youth of the world who must meet the challenge of the twenty-first century.

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About the Authors

Kenneth S. Keyes, Jr., is a multi!a"eted man. He attended #u$eUni%ersity and &'tained a (A !r&m, the Uni%ersity &! )iami,ma*&rin+ in sy"h&l&+y and min&rin+ in musi". His interests in"ludeart, symh&ni" musi", ya"htin+he li%es a'&ard a -!&&t ya"htnamed Cari"e and /ritin+he is the auth&r &! How to DevelopYour Thinking Ability and How to Live Longer-tronger-limmer .He has tau+ht in the E%enin+ #i%isi&n &! the Uni%ersity &! )iami.

Ja"0ue Fres"& /&r$ed as an industrial desi+ner !&r thirty years,desi+nin+ all tyes &! e0uiment !r&m re!a'ri"ated h&uses t&aut&m&'iles, ele"tr&ni" and medi"al e0uiment, human !a"t&rs

systems, and hundreds &! "&mmer"ial r&du"ts and in%enti&ns. He hdesi+ned and atented su"h %aryin+ items as a radi"al air"ra!t /in+stru"ture atented 'y the USAAF and threedimensi&nal m&ti&ni"tures n&t re0uirin+ the 1use &! %ie/ers. Numer&us arti"les andh&t&+rahs ha%e 'een u'lished a'&ut his /&r$ in many ma+a2inesand ne/saers. He has ser%ed as te"hni"al ad%is&r in a num'er &!m&ti&n i"tures, in"ludin+ &ne &! the !irst &n sa"e stati&ns and a

*&urney t& the m&&n "alled !ro"ect #oon $ase. He li%es in )iami.

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LOOKING FORWARDby Kenneth S. Keyes, Jr. and Jacques Fresco

3&&$in+ !&r/ard is an ima+inati%e and !as"inatin+ '&&$ in /hi"h the auth&rs ta$e y&u &n a *&urney int& t

"ulture and te"hn&l&+y &! the t/enty!irst "entury. A!ter an intr&du"t&ry se"ti&n that dis"usses the 1Thin+that Shae Y&ur Future.1 y&u /ill e4l&re the /hys and /here!&res &! the un!amiliar, alarmin+, 'ute4"itin+ /&rld &! a hundred years !r&m n&/.

Y&u /ill see this s&"iety thr&u+h the eyes &! S"&tt and Hella, a "&ule &! the ne4t "entury. Their li%in+0uarters are e0uied /ith a "y'ernat&r. a seemin+ly ma+i"al "&muter de%i"e, 'ut &ne that is 'ased &ns"ienti!i" rin"iles n&/ $n&/n. 5t re+ulates sleein+ h&urs, "&mmuni"ati&ns thr&u+h&ut the /&rld, anin"redi'le under/ater li%in+ "&mle4, and e%en the daily "al&ri" inta$e &! the 1y&un+1 "&ule. 6They are their !&rties 'ut "an e4e"t t& li%e 788 years.9

The /&rld that S"&tt and Hella li%e in is a /&rld that has a"hie%ed !ull /eather "&ntr&l, has de%el&ed a

!in+ersi2ed "&muter that is imlanted in the 'rain &! e%ery 'a'y at 'irth 6and the 'a'ies are s"ienti!i"alin"u'ated the /&men &! the t/enty!irst "entury need n&t +& thr&u+h the ains &! "hild'irth9, and that haer!e"ted +eneti" maniulati&n that all&/s the human ra"e t& 'e imr&%ed 'y means &! s"ien"e.

E"&n&mi"ally, the /&rld is Ut&ian 'y &ur standards. J&'s, /a+es, and m&ney ha%e l&n+ sin"e 'eenhased &ut. N&thin+ has a ri"e ta+, and ers&nal &ssessi&ns are n&t needed. Nati&nalism has 'eensurassed, and t&tal disarmament has 'een a"hie%ed: edu"ati&nal te"hn&l&+y has made s"h&&ls andtea"hers &'s&lete. The "hildren learn 'y d&in+, and are indeendent in this !riendly /&rld 'y the time theare !i%e.

The "hie! s&ur"e &! this +reater s&"iety is the C&rrelati&n Center, 1C&r"en,1 a +i+anti" "&mle4 &!

"&muters that ser%es 'ut ne%er ensla%es man$ind. C&r"en re+ulates r&du"ti&n, "&mmuni"ati&n,trans&rtati&n and all &ther 'urdens&me and m&n&t&n&us tas$s &! the ast. This !rees men and /&men a"hie%e "reati%e "hallen+in+ e4erien"es rather than emty li%es &! meanin+less leisure.

O'%i&usly this '&&$ is se"ulati%e, 'ut it is s&undly 'ased u&n s"ienti!i" de%el&ments that are n&/$n&/n. And as the auth&rs state;1Y&u /ill understand this '&&$ 'est i! y&u are &ne /h& sees t&day &nly as a stein+ st&ne 'et/eenyesterday and t&m&rr&/.

Y&u /ill need a sensiti%ity t& the in*usti"es, l&st &&rtunities !&r hainess, and searin+ "&n!li"ts that"hara"teri2e &ur t/entieth"entury "i%ili2ati&n. 5! y&ur mind "an /ei+h ne/ ideas and e%aluate them /ith

insi+ht, this '&&$ is !&r y&u.1<e ha%e n& "rystal 'all. ... <e /ant y&u t& !eed &ur ideas int& y&ur &/n "&muter, s& that y&u "an !inde%en 'etter ideas that may lay a art in m&ldin+ the !uture &! &ur "i%ili2ati&n.1

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#esi+ns and 5llustrati&ns 'y Ja"0ue Fres"&S&uth (runs/i"$ and Ne/ Y&r$; A. S. (arnes and C&many3&nd&n; Th&mas Y&sel&!! 3td= >?> 'y Kenneth S. Keyes, Jr. and Ja"0ue Fres"&

3i'rary &! C&n+ress Catal&+ue Card Num'er; ?@7-@>A. S. (arnes and C&., 5n".Cran'ury, Ne/ Jersey 8@7Th&mas Y&sel&!! 3td8@ Ne/ (&nd Street3&nd&n <Y OQB, En+landS(N; >@ 8?-7 Drinted in the United States &! Ameri"a

Other (&&$s 'y Kenneth S. Keyes, Jr.

#ember of the Authors League of America

HO< TO #EE3OD YOUR TH5NK5N A(535TYHO< TO 35E 3ONERGSTRONERGS35))ER

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Contents

Acno!"ed#$ents

%art I. &'INGS &'A& S'A%( O)R F)&)R(. The 3ea !r&m the Jun+le7. The C&n!usi&n &! Our Times. Dredi"tin+ the Future. Our alues Chart Our C&urse. The S"ienti!i" )eth&d?. Cy'ernated Te"hn&l&+y-. A/ay <e &I

%art II. A %ROJ(C&ION OF O)R F)&)R(@. At H&me in the T/enty!irst Century>. A )ulti#imensi&nal 3i!e8. #esi+nin+ the Ne/ enerati&n. A isit t& C&r"en7. The Cultural Center . The Cy'ernated 5ndustrial C&mle4. The 3imitless Fr&ntiers &! Sa"e. The Ne/ Ders&nality

%art III. LOOKING FORWARD

?.Edu"ati&n !&r Chan+e

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Acno!"ed#$ents

The auth&rs are inde'ted t& "&untless e&le !&r the ideas and en"&ura+ement that ha%e made this '&&&ssi'le. )&st &! th&se /h& re%ie/ed the manus"rit !elt that these en&rm&us "han+es in man and his

en%ir&nment mi+ht haen in ,888 years 'ut n&t in the ne4t "entury as /e su++est. The auth&rs,h&/e%er, ha%e /&ndered /hether the !uture s&"iety they des"ri'e may 'e artially in e4isten"e 'y thetime the '&&$ is u'lished. <e see s& many &! &ur redi"ti&ns &! thin+s t& "&me 'ein+ dis"ussed,de%el&ed and tried that /e suse"t /e ha%e 'een t&& "&nser%ati%e in estimatin+ the time.

The !&ll&/in+ $ind !riends ha%e read the manus"rit and &!!ered e4"ellent su++esti&nsGs&me &! /hi"h/ere used; Anne Ammirati, J&hn (ethea, 3&uise (&"hes, Jani"e (urr, Charles Kim'all, Shirley 3e/is,<illiam A. )"Call, ret"hen )"Call, raham )iller, J&e Dr&ser&, Charles Ray, Christie Ray, ArdenRi"hards, elma Ri"hards, )ar*&!ie Sherrill, and Anitra Th&r hau+. <e are inde'ted t& Her'ert <alla"hJr., !&r su++estin+ &ur titleG3&&$in+ F&r/ard. (&nita (ennett listened t& these 1!ar&ut1 ideas, tyed thestudi&usly, and still had the stamina t& assist +reatly in editin+ and re%isin+. Shirley R&si"han &!!ered

many e4"ellent edit&rial su++esti&ns. Others /h& heled /ith %ari&us hases &! the /&r$ /ere )artyC&stell&, Karen (randt, and Stehanie (r&%&ld. Fran$ Seld&n and Carl reen tirelessly assisted inrer&du"in+ "&ies &! the manus"rit. Als& than$s t& 5%n ar"a /h& heled di+itali2in+ the aer'&&$tr&u+h OCR. Our than$s are als& due t& the auth&rs and u'lishers /h& ha%e $indly +i%en ermissi&n t&0u&te !r&m their /&r$s.

Kenneth S. Keyes, Jr.Ja"0ue Fres"&

)iami, Fl&rida

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%AR& I&'INGS &'A& S'A%( O)R F)&)R(

.The 3ea !r&m the Jun+le

The li%es &! m&st men and /&men are 'li+hted 'y r&'lems they "ann&t s&l%e. And e&le usually 'lamthemsel%es, &r they 'lame 1!ate1 /hate%er that is. H&/e%er, /hen t/& "ars "&llide at an interse"ti&n,sh&uld /e, as students &! s&"iety, "&n"entrate &ur attenti&n &n the indi%idual 'lame &! the dri%ers, &n1!ate1 &r &n the /ay trans&rtati&n is en+ineered s& that it ermits "&llisi&nsL

5! y&u 'elie%e that "ars and r&ads sh&uld 'e desi+ned s& that it is alm&st im&ssi'le !&r e&le t& l&setheir li%es thr&u+h "&llisi&ns, this '&&$ is !&r y&u. 5! y&u 'elie%e that the mind is "aa'le &! +radually

alyin+ the meth&d &! atient, s"ienti!i" in%esti+ati&n t& !ind &ut h&/ t& rearran+e the stru"ture &! &urs&"iety t& +i%e ea"h indi%idual a +reater &&rtunity !&r sel!reali2ati&n and hainess /hile he is &n ear/e /el"&me and need y&ur hel.

5! y&u 'elie%e itMs a'&ut time !&r the human ra"e t& st& sinnin+ its /heels, then letMs +et +&in+I

(ut this '&&$ &n the !uture &! &ur "i%ili2ati&n is n&t !&r e%ery&ne. Fe/ /ill 'e a'le t& read it /ith&ut !&rmian &ini&n 'e!&re they see the i"ture as a /h&le. T& en*&y this '&&$ y&u /ill ha%e t& 'lend &enmindedness /ith "riti"al s$eti"ism. 5t is hard en&u+h t& !a"e the r&'lems &! &ur &/n time. And it is matimes m&re di!!i"ult t& understand a r&*e"ti&n &! !antasti" and sh&"$in+ "han+es that may &""ur &%er thne4t hundred yearsI

Su&se an intelli+ent man in Ne/ Y&r$ City ar&und @?8 had sat d&/n &ne e%enin+ /ith a '&&$redi"tin+ li!e a "entury later.

He /&uld ha%e re!used t& 'elie%e that alm&st e%ery&ne in >?8 /&uld 'e a'le t& &/n a h&rseless "arriathat "&uld /his$ a'&ut at ?8 &r m&re miles er h&ur. <ith his i"t&rian attitudes he /&uld ha%e 'eendeely sh&"$ed 'y the 'rie! 'i$inis. 5n @?8, n&t e%en a 1/&man &! ill reute1 /&uld ha%e aeared s&undressed in u'li". He /&uld ha%e smiled smu+ly at the ridi"ul&us redi"ti&n that manmade !lyin+ma"hines /&uld tra%el !aster than the seed &! s&und. The th&u+ht &! sendin+ i"tures and s&undsthr&u+h miles &! air /&uld ha%e seemed im&ssi'le t& a sensi'le ers&n in @?8. 5t /&uld ha%e 'eenin"redi'le t& him that the art &! /ar /&uld r&+ress t& the &int /here &ne small '&m' /&uld destr&y a

"ity. Our i"t&rian /&uld ha%e 'een alarmed that a art &! his /a+es "&uld 'e /ithheld t& r&%ide !&rretirement. At this &int, let us lea%e this +entleman &! the last "entury mutterin+ t& himsel! a'&ut l&ss &!!reed&m and the /&rldMs m&%in+ t&& !ast.

Are /e m&re !le4i'leGm&re !arsi+htedGt&dayL <e /ill need t& 'e"&me e4erts at "han+in+ &ur mindsThe di!!eren"es 'et/een the nineteenth and t/entieth "enturies /ill r&'a'ly 'e small /hen "&mared/ith the a""eleratin+ a"e &! the ne4t "entury.

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Y&u /ill understand this '&&$ 'est i! y&u see t&day as &nly a stein+ st&ne 'et/een yesterday andt&m&rr&/. Y&u /ill need a sensiti%ity t& the in*usti"es, l&st &&rtunities !&r hainess, and searin+"&n!li"ts that "hara"teri2e &ur t/entieth"entury "i%ili2ati&n. 5! y&ur mind "an /ei+h ne/ ideas ande%aluate them /ith insi+ht, this '&&$ is !&r y&u.

<e ha%e n& "rystal 'all that +i%es an a""urate i"ture &! the t/enty!irst "entury. <e /ant y&u t& !eed &ideas int& y&ur &/n "&muter. Derhas y&u may !ind e%en 'etter ideas that may lay a art in m&ldin+ t!uture &! &ur "i%ili2ati&n. 5n the ne4t si4 "haters /eMll e4l&re the 1/hy1 and 1/here!&re1 &! the un!amiliaalarmin+, un'elie%a'le, /&nder!ul, and e4"itin+ i"ture /e /ill aint &! the t/enty!irst "entury. Then /eM*&in S"&tt and Hella, /h& li%e in the ne4t "entury. <eMll e4erien"e /ith them the ne/ dimensi&ns &! li!e the "han+ed /&rld &! the !uture.

&he Lon# Journey

T& understand the r&'a'le "&urses &! manMs !uture de%el&ment, letMs send a !e/ minutes l&&$in+ int&his ast. The /&rld "ame int& e4isten"e ar&und !&ur and &nehal! 'illi&n years a+&, and all s&rts &! /eird!ishes and m&nstr&us din&saurs +&t int& the a"t 'e!&re /e did. )illi&ns &! years a+& &ur an"est&rs /erelittle aeli$e !ell&/s that sent m&st &! their time in trees. Then s&me &! these little 'easts 'e+an t& d&thin+s that /ere t& ma$e a l&t &! di!!eren"e t& y&u and me. They 0uit *umin+ !r&m 'ran"h t& 'ran"h li$ethe s0uirrels and, instead, 'e+an s/in+in+ !r&m lim' t& lim' s&me/hat li$e the man &n the !lyin+ trae2eThis led t& s&me im&rtant "han+es !r&m head t& t&e. The arms, /hi"h re%i&usly m&%ed in a restri"tedar", de%el&ed !ree r&tati&n.

This ma$es it &ssi'le !&r a 'ase'all it"her t& /hirl his arms ar&und and 2in+ &ne &%er h&me late. The

intestinal &r+ans, /hi"h had 'een slun+ !r&m the 'a"$'&ne, as in a d&+, /ere n&/ su&rted 'y theel%is, /hi"h 'e"ame s&me/hat '&/lshaed.

The !r&nt !eet didnMt ha%e t& su&rt the /ei+ht &! the '&dy anym&re, and they de%el&ed int& a 'un"h &s$yh&&$s that /e "all !in+ers. Sin"e animals that mis*ud+ed distan"es /hen s/in+in+ !r&m 'ran"h t&'ran"h le!t !e/er &!!srin+, /e are 'lessed t&day /ith e4"ellent stere&s"&i" %isi&n and neur&mus"ular"&&rdinati&n. <e &/e a lar+e art &! /hat /e are t&day t& &ur s/in+in+ rimate an"est&rs.

)an has made three 'i+ stes a/ay !r&m his animal "&usins. The !irst "ultural *um &""urred /hen he'e+an t& use !ire, t&&ls, and lan+ua+e. Alth&u+h men &! &ur &/n se"ies, H&m& saiens, ha%e 'een hera'&ut 8,888 years, radi&a"ti%e "ar'&n datin+s sh&/ that &ur an"est&rs /ere usin+ t&&ls and !ire as muas ?88,888 years a+&.

The 'e+innin+s &! lan+ua+e r&'a'ly &""urred se%eral hundred th&usand years a+&. This /as atremend&us lea !&r/ard. The de%el&ment &! lan+ua+e may ha%e layed a art in helin+ us 'e asintelli+ent as /e are t&day. Su&se s&me&ne had yelled, 1<at"h &ut !&r the ti+er in the tree 'ehind y&uThe m&re intelli+ent &nes /&uld ha%e +&t the messa+e !ast. They r&'a'ly "harmed the +reater num'er&! !emales that e%enin+ and, thus, le!t m&re &!!srin+.

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The se"&nd 'i+ "ultural *um ta$en 'y &ur an"est&rs &""urred a'&ut -,88 years a+&. This /as thedis"&%ery &! h&/ t& raise !&&d. The de%el&ment &! a+ri"ulture and animalraisin+ made it &ssi'le !&r ut& li%e in "r&/ded nests $n&/n as "ities. <hen man had t& +ather his !&&d in the !&rm &! !leein+ animalsand rand&m lants, it t&&$ a l&t &! land t& su&rt a small +r&u.

F&r e4amle, there /ere r&'a'ly n&t &%er 88,888 e&le &n the entire "&ntinent &! Eur&e 'e!&re theylearned t& raise !&&d.

A +&&d year mi+ht ha%e in"reased the 'irth rate. (ut they /&uld s&&n ha%e 'een $illed &!! 'y !amine anddisease i! there /ere e%en &ne r&u+h year /hen the +ame and lants /ere less a%aila'le.

<hen man 'e+an t& raise !&&d, he "&uld stay in &ne la"e instead &! r&amin+ all &%er the "&untryside.S&"ially and te"hn&l&+i"ally, l&ts &! thin+s 'e+an t& haen !&r the !irst time. He 'e+an t& a""umulate'ri"a'ra". The /heel /as de%el&ed. He learned h&/ t& heat metals t& ma$e them s&!t s& that they"&uld 'e &ured &r 'eaten int& use!ul shaes. He de%el&ed the l&/ !&r /&r$in+ the land and the l&&m!&r /ea%in+ "l&th. S&"ial atterns that /ere needed in "ity li!e /ere de%el&ed. He amli!ied &liti"al

stru"tures and "reated armies e0uied /ith deathdealin+ instruments. <ithin a th&usand years a!ter &an"est&rs a"0uired the $n&/h&/ !&r raisin+ !&&d, the "ultural atterns &! "ity li!e, &liti"s, 'usiness, andte"hn&l&+y /ere in%ented. Sin"e then they ha%e "&ntinued /ith %ery little "han+e until re"ently.

)any anthr&&l&+ists "&nsider the "ity as &ur m&st !undamental s&"ial in%enti&n. The !irst "ities e%&l%edin s&uth/estern Asia, and the attern &! the "ity /as /ell /&r$ed &ut in )es&&tamia 'y ,88 t& ,888(.C. Cities did n&t aear in China until ar&und 7,888 (.C. Eur&e had t& /ait until the ree$s utt&+ether a !e/ "ities ar&und >88 t& @88 (.C. The "ity did n&t aear in S"andina%ia until a!ter ,888 A.#

<ritin+ de%el&ed alm&st simultane&usly, a'&ut ,888 t& ?,888 years a+&, in E+yt, )es&&tamia, andthe 5ndus alley. The Chinese in%ented their "um'ers&me sym'&ls 7,888 years later. <hen a manMsth&u+hts /ere /ritten, they "&uld sea$ &ut a!ter his death. The human ra"e 'e+an t& a""umulatein!&rmati&n that ermitted the 'uildin+ &! a m&dern "i%ili2ati&n /ith a "&mle4 %alue system.

<hereas learnin+ /as re%i&usly a m&n&&ly &! a ri%ile+ed "lass, the de%el&ment &! the alha'ete%entually made it &ssi'le !&r e%ery&ne t& a"0uire an edu"ati&n. All alha'ets n&/ in use seem t& stem!r&m a sin+le &int &! &ri+in in the Sinai Deninsula /here the E+ytians /ere 'usy minin+. )&st &! thetime the E+ytians used "riminals and ris&ners &! /ar !&r this tye &! /&r$. O""asi&nally, s&me/anderin+ Semites /h& needed !&&d "ame t& /&r$ !&r them. Sin"e they /ere retty smart !ell&/s, theshei$s &! the Semites /ere a&inted !&remen &! the mines.

As art &! their *&' they dre/ u re&rts &n h&/ mu"h metal /as mined and h&/ mu"h m&ney /asearned 'y the %ari&us men.

Fr&m the "&mli"ated E+ytian system &! /ritin+, these !&remen a'stra"ted the simle sym'&lsreresentin+ sin+le s&unds in the E+ytian system. <e are inde'ted t& them !&r +i%in+ us the !irstalha'et.

<e /ere d&in+ 'usiness as usual 'y at least ,888 (.C. Standard /ei+hts and measures /ere in use inSumeria. (arley /as &ne &! the earliest mediums &! e4"han+e. A measure !&r 'arley /as a%aila'le !&r

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u'li" use in the mar$et la"e. 5! a !armer had !elt he /as 'ein+ +yed, he "&uld ha%e /al$ed &%er andmeasured it &ut. (y ,888 (.C. "&n%enient metal "&ins 'e+an t& 'e used in la"e &! the m&re a/$/ardsa"$s &! 'arley, and a sh&rta+e &! m&ney 'e"ame a "&ntinual r&'lem !&r the +&%ernment. The C&de &!Hammura'i set the %alue rati& &! 'arley and metal. This "&de r&%ided seri&us enalties !&r any&ne"au+ht "heatin+. T& ma$e sure this m&ney system /&uld /&r$, a mer"hant "&uld ha%e 'een ut t& deat

i! he had re!used t& a""et either 'arley &r "&ins in ayment !&r his mer"handise.

There are "unei!&rm re"&rds &! l&ans /ith interest that ran as hi+h as 88 er "ent /hen an indi%idual"&uld n&t &!!er se"urity.

E%en the l&/est rate /as 7 er "ent er year. The Sumerians /&r$ed &ut 'usiness meth&ds su"h asst&"$ "&manies and "&r&rati&ns. )any ta'lets re"&rdin+ their 'usiness deals and their ri%ate"&rres&nden"e ha%e sur%i%ed. One ta'let dated 'e!&re 7888 (.C. des"ri'es the "&mlaint &! an &ld maa'&ut the de+enera"y &! the y&un+er +enerati&n. An&ther ta'let is !r&m a '&y at s"h&&l tellin+ his arena'&ut the 1l&usy !&&d.1

The late Ralh 3int&n , a n&ted Ameri"an anthr&&l&+ist, /r&te;#any of the economic and social patterns which still operate in modern %estern society can betraced to this region. &t has been said that if 'eorge %ashington had been transported back to thcourt of Hammurabi of $abylon( about )*+,-)*) $..( he would have felt vastly more at homethere than he would in the modern capital city which bears his name. Apart from languagedifficulties( he would have encountered very few things in Hammurabi/s empire which were notfamiliar and understandable( while in %ashington he would have been baffled and confused by thtremendous technological changes . . .and the fumbling efforts which our society is making to bring the other aspects of its culture intoad"ustment with these.0

0 1The Tree of ulture 12ew York3 Alfred A. 4nopf(5667( p. )68.7

The third en&rm&us ste in the de%el&ment &! human "ulture t&&$ la"e /hen /e 'e+an t& sulementthe uny mus"les &! human 'ein+s and animals /ith &ther s&ur"es &! &/er. The use &! sails &n '&atse%entually rela"ed +alley sla%es. <ater &/er /as used t& "arry thin+s d&/nstream. The /ater /heel!urnished &/er t& run mills. 3ater, steam &/er rela"ed e%en m&re human mus"les. #urin+ the lasthundred years /e learned t& manu!a"ture lar+e am&unts &! ele"tri"al ener+y. Then thin+s 'e+an t& hum'e"ause this made ener+y &r &/er a%aila'le at any &int t& /hi"h /e "&uld run a /ire &r lu+ a +enerat

Fr&m a m&dern &int &! %ie/ &ne &! the m&st use!ul measures &! the de%el&ment &! a "i%ili2ati&n is theam&unt &! a%aila'le ener+y er ers&n. T& a lar+e e4tent the de+ree &! hysi"al "&m!&rt that y&u en*&yt&day is "&rrelated /ith the ener+y that is at y&ur dis&sal.

The ali"ati&n &! the s"ienti!i" meth&d &! thin$in+ has made it &ssi'le t& de%el& alm&st unlimitedam&unts &! ener+y. This ener+y may 'e in the !&rm &! ele"tri"ity /hi"h /ill run a "&nstellati&n &! la'&rsa%in+ and li!eenri"hin+ alian"es and instruments. 5t may 'e in the !&rm &! "&al, +as&line, &il, &rnu"lear &/er. 5t may 'e in "hemi"al !&rm, su"h as in an aut&m&'ile 'attery &r a !lashli+ht "ell. 5ma+ine

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the alm&st "&mlete aralysis that /&uld &""ur i! y&ur ele"tri"ity and +as&line suly /ere "ut &!!, and yhad t& use y&ur &/n mus"les in la"e &! the "&mle4 &! ma"hines u&n /hi"h y&u n&/ rely.

Our Ra*+d"y (o"+n# C++"+-at+on

<e are t&day 'ut a !e/ stes !r&m the *un+le. <hile /eM%e 'een tryin+ t& +et a/ay !r&m the animalatterns &! the *un+le !&r a little &%er a hal!milli&n years, /e really +&t m&%in+ &nly a !e/ th&usand yearsa+& /ith the de%el&ment &! "ities and the in%enti&n &! /ritin+. 5t has *ust 'een in the last "entury that /eha%e started the lar+e s"ale use &! n&nmus"ular s&ur"es &! ener+y and &/er. )&st !a"t&ry /&r$erst&day are la'&rin+ in industries that /ere n&t e%en in e4isten"e in >88. Alth&u+h &ur /&rld may in s&me/ays aear sta'le t& us, /e are in a !uri&us transiti&nal hase in /hi"h "han+es are &""urrin+ at the!astest rate in hist&ry.

T&day /e are at the 'e+innin+ &! this third hase &! the de%el&ment &! &ur "i%ili2ati&n. Fantasti"

de%el&ments lie ahead.

5! li!e at times seems 'e/ilderin+, i! y&u !eel ulled in many dire"ti&ns, i! y&u !ind that n& matter /hat y&ud&, y&u still ha%e sti"$y r&'lems, i! y&u !ind that &ur e"&n&mi", &liti"al, and s&"ial /ays &! d&in+ thin+ss&metimes "reate m&re di!!i"ulties than they s&l%e, then y&u are simly layin+ y&ur art in su!!erin+thr&u+h the resent transiti&nal hase &! &ur "i%ili2ati&n.

)u"h &! y&ur li!e is atterned al&n+ the lines used in /estern Asia se%eral th&usand years a+&. Yet, s&m&! the "&nditi&ns t& /hi"h y&u are tryin+ t& ad*ust ha%e "&me &ut &! the la'&rat&ry in the last !e/ de"ade5! the day'yday attern &! y&ur ers&nal, 'usiness, and s&"ial li!e is s&methin+ less than serene, y&uM%'een "au+ht in the /rin+er &! "han+e, and y&uM%e +&t l&ts &! "&many.

7.The C&n!usi&n &! Our Times

The ha'it atterns &! men and /&men that may ha%e 'een ar&riate se%eral th&usand years a+&"ann&t 'e made t& yield ma4imum hainess in the "han+ed /&rld &! t&dayGt& say n&thin+ &! the !utur"i%ili2ati&n t&/ard /hi"h /e are raidly e%&l%in+. This "hater /ill 'rie!ly "atal&+ue s&me &! the thin+s th$ee us !rustrated, inse"ure, and *umy. As mi+ht 'e e4e"ted in a time &! raid transiti&n, !e/ &! the

'asi" needs &! men and /&men are n&/ met in a satis!yin+ /ay. <e h&e y&u /ill 'ear /ith us as /ehaul &ut s&me &! the dirt that usually stays lumily under the ru+.

Am&n+ the han+&%ers !r&m the ast, /e mi+ht list the +risly attern &! /ar. (a"$ in )es&&tamia a /armi+ht ha%e "he/ed u a !e/ th&usand e&le. The First <&rld <ar $illed ar&4imately ten milli&ne&le &! /h&m er "ent /ere "i%ilians. (ut thatMs &nly the 'e+innin+. The Se"&nd <&rld <ar r&lled ua death t&ll !i%e times as lar+eGar&4imately !i!ty milli&n. A'&ut 8 er "ent /ere "i%ilians.

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Su&se there /ere n& &li"e and n& la/s in y&ur "ity. <h& /&uld 'e sa!eL Criminals mi+ht li$e it. (utn&t y&u and y&ur !amily. Similarly, the la"$ &! a rese"ted and en!&r"ed internati&nal la/ 'et/een nati&nendan+ers e%ery&ne &n earth t&day. 5tMs li$e li%in+ in a *un+le.

eneral Eisenh&/er has summed u the tra+i" e!!e"ts &! the "ust&m &! /ar as a meth&d &! settlin+

disutes 'et/een nati&ns;

... a life of perpetual fear and tension9 a burden of arms draining the wealth and the labor of all peoples9 a wasting of strength that defies the American system or the oviet system or any systeto achieve true abundance and happiness for the peoples of this earth . . . :very gun that is made( every warship launched( every rocket fired signifies( in the final sense( atheft from those who hunger and are not fed( those who are cold and are not clothed.This world in arms is not spending money alone. &t is spending the sweat of its laborers( the genius of its scientists( the hopes of its children. The cost of one modern heavy bomber is this3

A modern brick school in more than ;* cities. &t is two electric power plants( each serving a town of +*(*** population. &t is two fine( fully e<uipped hospitals. &t is some * miles of concrete highway. %e pay for a single fighter plane with a half a million bushels of wheat. %e pay for a single destroyer with new homes that could have housed more than 8(***

people . . .

This is not a way of life at all( in any true sense. =nder the cloud of threatening war( it is humanithanging from a cross of iron.

<hen (ertrand Russell, /&rld !am&us hil&s&her, arti"iated at the a+e &! ninety in a 'i+ ea"edem&nstrati&n in 3&nd&n in >?7, he /as arrested and sent t& *ail !&r a /ee$I 5t seemed that he /anted "han+e s&me &! &ur ha'it atterns. He /ished t& end nu"lear '&m' testin+, +et rid &! all nu"lear /ea&nand a'&lish the instituti&n &! &r+ani2ed murder that /e "all 1/ar1.

(cono$+c Insecur+ty

5n site &! &ur r&+ram &! s&"alled 1s&"ial se"urity,1 '&th ers&nal and e"&n&mi" inse"urity are usual in&ur time. Fe/ e&le "an 'e sure &! "&ntinued eml&yment. 5n many "ases &ne "an n&t 'e sure that the'usiness that eml&ys him /ill 'e in e4isten"e a year !r&m n&/. O!ten, &ne "an n&t 'e sure that the tye&! /&r$ !&r /hi"h he has 'een trained /ill 'e in demand ne4t year. Aut&mati&n is eliminatin+ hundreds &th&usands &! *&'s ea"h year in the United States.

<e are 0uite in+eni&us in 'uildin+ !a"t&ries that "an turn &ut en&rm&us 0uantities &! tele%isi&n sets,aut&m&'iles, re!ri+erat&rs, t&&th'rushes, a"$a+ed !&&ds, et". (ut /e /&uldnMt dare let these !a"t&ries r!ull time 'e"ause they /&uld r&du"e m&re +&&ds than /e "&uld sell. S& /e ha%e idle !a"t&ries s&me &!

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the time /ith lar+e num'ers &! e&le in need all &! the time. Darad&4i"ally, it seems that &nly /hen /eM!i+htin+ a /ar are /e a'le t& $ee &ur industrial ma"hines &eratin+ at !ull "aa"ity. Alth&u+h mu"h &! &&ulati&n "an use 'etter "l&thin+, 'etter h&usin+, and 'etter !&&d, &ur te"hni0ues in distri'utin+ the'&unty &! mass r&du"ti&n are '&++ed d&/n 'y e"&n&mi" diseases that +& under the names &!1&%er&ulati&n,1 1uneml&yment,1 and 1la"$ &! ur"hasin+ &/er.1

#r. Ralh 3int&n has &'ser%ed;

As the disharmonies within the culture become increasingly pronounced( more and more of thesociety/s energy and resources have to be e>pended on makeshift ad"ustments until the period orapid change gradually grinds to a halt. ?ur own society would seem to be in such a period at the

present time. &ts tremendous and still accelerating development of science and technology has nbeen accompanied by an e<ual development in social( economic( and political patterns . . . %e anow . . . only beginning to e>plore the potentialities which it offers for developments in our cultureoutside technology( particularly in the social( political( and economic fields. &t is safe to predict thaeven two or three centuries from now( such social inventions as modern-type apitalism( @ascism

and ommunism will be regarded as primitive e>periments directed toward the ad"ustment ofmodern society to modern technology.0

0 Linton( The Tree of ulture 12ew York3 Alfred A. 4nopf( 5667( pp.,-8.

Our %o""uted Wor"d

Alth&u+h this is the &nly /&rld /e ha%e, /eMre "ertainly n&t ta$in+ +&&d "are &! it. <eM%e already e4l&deen&u+h at&mi" '&m's t& "&ntaminate the atm&shere /ith str&ntium >8 and &ther radi&a"ti%e elements

A""&rdin+ t& Hatha/ay and 3e%ert&n &! the U.S. #eartment &! A+ri"ulture;trontium 6* . . . may become a health problem. &ts radioactivity is slow to disappear( and itsaccumulation in the body could be dangerous. . . . trontium 6* was first detected in animal bonedairy products( and soil in 56;. &t now occurs in all human beings regardless of their age or whethey live.0

0 #ilicent L. Hathaway and Buth #. Leverton( Calcium and !hosphorous(C @ood( The Yearbook Agriculture( 566 1=nited tates Department of Agriculture( %ashington( D..( 5667( p. 55,.

At&mi" '&m's are n&t the &nly means /e use t& &llute the air /e 'reathe. The e4hausts &! aut&m&'ilethe e4"reti&ns &! industry, and the 'urnin+ &! "&al, &il, and +ar'a+e are als& 'usy "&ntaminatin+ the air.T&day air &lluti&n a!!e"ts in s&me de+ree m&re than -,888 ur'an areas inha'ited 'y ,888,888Ameri"ans. <hen 'itumin&us "&al and l&/ +rade !uel &il are 'urned, sulhur di&4ide +as and sm&$e arereleased. A !i%eday $iller sm&+ hit 3&nd&n in >7 and $illed ,888 e&le. Air &lluti&n has 'een lin$ed/ith the "&mm&n "&ld, asthma, neum&nia, tu'er"ul&sis, in!luen2a, "hr&ni" 'r&n"hitis, ulm&naryemhysema, and lun+ "an"er.

Page 14 of 121



Th&se /h& are n&t &%erly /&rried a'&ut human 'ein+s mi+ht /ell &nder &ther "&sts &! air &lluti&n.Sulhur di&4ide has 'een sh&/n t& disinte+rate nyl&n st&"$in+s. 5t rea"ts "hemi"ally /ith m&isture t& !&rsulhuri" a"id, /hi"h eats a/ay r&&!s, ea%es, d&/ns&uts, and &ther e4&sed metals. 5t e%en a!!e"tsst&ne 'uildin+s and the r&ud statutes &! military her&es in the ar$s.

Air and /ater are the m&st immediate hysi"al ne"essities &! li!e. 3est /e ne+le"t the latter, it may 'e&inted &ut that &ur lar+est ri%er is /ell &lluted /ith &ils, hen&ls, amm&nia and t&4i" metals, 'l&&d,re!use !r&m h&sitals and underta$ers, and a"ids !r&m mines. F&r e4amle, in the St. 3&uis area thereha%e 'een times /hen the "hi"$en !eathers, %is"era, and &!!al "&lle"t in at"hes t&& thi"$ t& dri%e am&t&r'&at thr&u+h. The 88,888,888 +all&ns &! se/a+e a day "&min+ !r&m St. 3&uis and East St. 3&uis"&ntain ?8 t&ns &! s&lid +ar'a+e and ? t&ns &! +r&und +ar'a+e. 5n the art &! the )ississii !r&m St3&uis t& Ne/ Orleans, a m&uth!ul &! /ater "&ntains hal! a milli&n "&li!&rm 'a"illi, /hi"h "&me lar+ely !r&muntreated se/a+e. N&r d&es the United States ha%e a m&n&&ly &n &lluted /ater. Thr&u+h&ut the /&rla'&ut !i%e milli&n "hildren die ea"h year 'e!&re their !irst 'irthday !r&m diarrhea &r dysentery thr&u+hdrin$in+ un"lean /ater.

(*he$era" ach+nes

The leasure &! li%in+ in the t/entieth "entury is s&me/hat tarnished 'y the "&nstant deteri&rati&n &! thema"hines and +ad+ ets /e use. They are, un!&rtunately, desi+ned !&r a sh&rt li!eG '&th style/ise and!un"ti&n/ise. 5t is &ssi'le t& 'uild a /ashin+ ma"hine &r tele%isi&n set that /&uld r&'a'ly n&t needser%i"e durin+ a tenyear eri&d. 5t is &ssi'le t& desi+n an aut&m&'ile that may remain tr&u'le!ree !&r atenyear eri&d and t& +i%e it an attra"ti%e desi+n that /&uld 'e are"iated e%en l&n+er. 5nstead &!desi+nin+ !&r l&n+e%ity and ser%i"e, aut&m&'ile desi+ners ra"$ their 'rains !&r /ays t& ma$e ne4t yearMs"ar s& aealin+ that /eMll trade in this yearMs "ar. erald Diel in!&rms us;

According to the standard practice of our durable goods industriesEalways with the aim of perpetuating scarcity in the face of abundanceEthe automobile is designed for 5(*** hours ofservice( to be traded in at *(*** miles or less.

Can y&u thin$ &! any ele"tri"al &r me"hani"al de%i"e in y&ur h&me that /ill remain tr&u'le!ree !&r a l&n+eri&dL There is &nly &ne de%i"e in y&ur h&me that is desi+ned t& last a'&ut t/enty years. 5t is li$ely that/&nMt re0uire ser%i"e durin+ this time. And y&u d&nMt e%en &/n itI Alth&u+h it is a "&mli"ated ele"tr&ni"instrument, y&u "an dr& it &n the !l&&r, and it r&'a'ly /&nMt 'rea$. <hether y&u use it &n"e a day &r"&ntinu&usly thr&u+h&ut the day, it d&es n&t seem t& /ear &ut. The reas&n it /as desi+ned t& +i%e at leat/& de"ades &! tr&u'le!ree ser%i"e is that it /as n&t made t& 'e s&ld. The "&many that rents it t& y&u/&uld ha%e t& reair it at their &/n e4ense i! s&methin+ /ere t& +& /r&n+. S& they ma$e sure that this"&mle4 de%i"e is en+ineered t& hi+h standards. They "anMt ma$e m&ney i! it 'rea$s d&/n e%ery !e/m&nths. 5n "ase y&u ha%enMt +uessed the name &! this &ne thin+ in y&ur h&me that has 'een en+ineeredt& +i%e y&u ma4imum utility and minimum maintenan"e, it is the teleh&neI 5t is desi+ned !&r tr&u'le!reeuse, n&t !&r "hea r&du"ti&n at a r&!it. H&/ /&nder!ul it is t& reali2e that there are /ays t& +et &!! thetreadmill &! 'uy it, use it, *un$ it, and 'uy it a+ainI

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Stand+n# Roo$ On"y

O%er&ulati&n &! the /&rld is a t/entieth"entury r&'lem. 5t t&&$ until a'&ut @88 !&r us t& sa/n a /&&ulati&n &! &ne 'illi&n. Current redi"ti&ns indi"ate that the resent &ulati&n &! three and &nethird

'illi&n /ill e4l&de t& se%en 'illi&n 'y the end &! this "entury and t& si4teen 'illi&n 'y the year 788 i! the+r&/th rate is n&t "han+ed.

This en&rm&us +r&/th in &ulati&n in many areas &! the /&rld is +reatly e4"eedin+ the a'ility &! m&st"&untries t& r&%ide !&&d and de"ent li%in+ standards. The FAO <&rld F&&d Sur%ey &! >? !&und that aleast ?8 er "ent &! the e&le in the underde%el&ed areas /ere undern&urished and that hal! &! the/&rld su!!ers !r&m hun+er, &r malnutriti&n, &r '&th. 5n A!ri"a, 3atin Ameri"a, and the Far East, !&&dr&du"ti&n is +r&/in+ &nly t/&thirds as !ast as the &ulati&n. 5n the latter t/& areas the er "aita !&&dr&du"ti&n is still 'el&/ the le%els attained t/enty!i%e years a+& I Eu+ene R. (la"$, !&rmer resident &!the <&rld (an$, has summed it u in this /ay;

& must be blunt. !opulation growth threatens to nullify all our effort to raise living standards in maof the poorer countries. %e are coming to a situation in which the optimist will be the man whothinks present living standards can be maintained.

Cu"tura" D+"e$$as

)&st &! the 'uiltin dilemmas that !a"e human 'ein+s in &ur !ast"han+in+ /&rld &se r&'lems !&r /hi"the /isd&m &! the ast &!!ers n& e!!e"ti%e s&luti&ns. 5n s& many /ays /eMre li$e a man "hased t& the ed+

&! a "li!! 'y a r&arin+ li&n. 5! he *ums, heMll 'e hurt. And i! he stays there, the li&nMs +&in+ t& +et him. F&re4amle, /e ha%e 'uiltin se4ual dri%es that 'e"&me str&n+ in the teen years. )arria+e may seem t& &!!a s&luti&n. Yet, the marria+e "&unsel&rs ad%ise us that early marria+es ha%e a +reater rate &! di%&r"eGthat a ers&n needs t& e4erien"e li!e and a"hie%e a de+ree &! maturity 'e!&re "h&&sin+ a li!e artner.Thindi%idual su!!ers n& matter h&/ he tries t& s&l%e the r&'lem. 5! a ers&n has an a"ti%e se4 li!e 'e!&remarria+e, the m&res &! &ur tri'e may l&ad him /ith !eelin+s &! +uilt. 5! an unmarried ers&n denies hisneed !&r se4ual e4ressi&n, he may en*&y a "ulturally"lean "&ns"ien"e, 'ut he /ill 'e !i+htin+ a"&nstantly stimulated, dee need that has 'een stru"tured int& his '&dy. uilt !eelin+s may still arise !r&%i%id se4ual !antasies, er&ti" dreams, &r mastur'ati&n. N& matter /hat "h&i"e a ers&n ma$es in thissituati&n, it is usually a""&manied 'y "&n!li"t and d&u't. N&t &nly in matters &! se4, 'ut in m&st 'usinesers&nal, and s&"ial matters /e are "&n!r&nted /ith "&untless dilemmas. Our resent !&l$/ays ma$e itdi!!i"ult t& a"hie%e e!!e"ti%e s&luti&ns that deely "&ntri'ute t& human di+nity and hainess.

On the 'o$e/ront

Page 16 of 121



1The mass &! men,1 said Th&reau, 1lead li%es &! 0uiet deserati&n.1 The li%es &! m&st e&le in &ur resent "i%ili2ati&n !all !ar sh&rt &! !ul!illin+ le%els &! serenity andhainess. Ann 3anders, a ne/saer "&lumnist, /h& deals /ith ers&nal r&'lems re"ei%ed this&i+nant letter;

Dear Ann Landers 3 How do you feel after reading a couple of hundred lettersF Disenchanted( &/ll bet. %hen & look back at my own life( its problems and its failures( & wonder what is it all aboutF Then & look at my children and what has happened to their lives. Dear 'od( & tried. He knows &tried. $ut where did & failF & must have failed. & am their mother. The children went to church and unday chool. They earned $ibles for perfect attendance andthey had love. $ut here is the record 3 ?ne married while in the Air @orce. @ive years laterEdebt( drinking( divorce. Two children( twounhappy pawns. Bemarriage out of the church. #ore debts. ?ur daughter( desperately in love in high school( married to a fine but sick man. %illing but unabto work. Debts( then death.

A new loveF he thought so( but her second marriage was a poor one. %here will it endF Heaveonly knows. . . .

The li%es &! n&ts&0uiet deserati&n &! many e&le are re!le"ted in an&ther letter re"ei%ed 'y Ann3anders.

Dear Ann3

?ur five children are in bed and & am looking at a huge basket of clothes that & should be ironing(but &/m writing this letter to you instead.

&/m so e>hausted if & walked past the bed and looked at it &/d fall asleep standing up.

#y husband is a wonderful person and a terrific father. He doesn/t drink or gamble and wouldn/tthink of spending a dime on himself. He always puts me and the children first. He works hard at h

"ob( but every week they take something out of his paycheck. & don/t think we/ll ever be a dollarahead.&n 58 years this house will be paid for( and then it will probably fall apart.The kids( 'od love them( are wonderful. They help me by doing for themselves and by "ust beinggood. 2ever do & hear a complaint because they have to wear their cousin/s hand-me-downs orbecause there is no money for treats or cout uniforms.&f & could get my hair done in a beauty shop and eat dinner out once in a while &/d think & was inheaven. &s this what life was meant to beF

Tired

Ann Landers began her reply( C?nly if you/re lucky. . . .C 0

0 Beprinted by permission of Ann Landers and Hall !ublisher/s yndicate.

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&he 0uandary o/ Wo$en

5t is 0uite &ssi'le that m&st /&men in &ur raidly "han+in+ "i%ili2ati&n ha%e a r&u+her time &! it than me

A /&man /h& li%ed &n a !arm t/& "enturies a+& /as deely needed and !elt se"ure. She and her h&me/ere the "enter &! %&"ati&n, re"reati&n, and edu"ati&n. Alth&u+h she /&r$ed hard, she /as sy"hl&+i"ase"ure in her &/n !eelin+ &! /&rth. She /as "&n!ident &! the +reat need /hi"h she sulied in the li%es &her hus'and and "hildren. T&day, h&useh&ld +ad+ets ha%e relie%ed /&man &! s&me &! the /&r$, 'ut these"ure em&ti&nal !&undati&ns &! her li!e ha%e 'een lar+ely s/et a/ay. The h&me is n& l&n+er the la"e/here the !amily ma$es its li%in+. Fa"t&ries and &!!i"es 'e"$&n the !ather t& a /&rld &! 'usiness n&tshared 'y the rest &! his !amily. S"h&&ls +ra' u the "hildren and ta$e &%er the res&nsi'ility !&redu"atin+ themG!re0uently, in a /ay that is 0uite di!!erent !r&m the trainin+ &! the arents. Alth&u+htele%isi&n has added t& the re"reati&nal ase"t &! m&dern h&mes, m&st &! the really e4"itin+ thin+shaen a/ay !r&m h&me. Aut&m&'iles s"atter the !amily in all dire"ti&ns, and the h&me is &!ten usedrimarily as a h&tel in /hi"h t& eat and slee.

The m&dern h&use/i!e is e4e"ted t& 'e a !as"inatin+ and ener+eti" "&mani&n t& her hus'and. Shemust meet the endless needs &! her "hildren. And at the same time she must &erate the h&useh&ld,in"ludin+ !&&d+atherin+ at the +r&"ery st&re. 5n additi&n t& these three !ulltime &""uati&ns /hi"h stret"her &ut retty thin, she sh&uld !ind time t& de%el& her &/n mind and '&dy, in"ludin+ !re0uent tris t& the'eauty sal&n. A!ter a num'er &! years &! this tearin+ in e%ery dire"ti&n, m&st /i%es 'e+in t& !eel that, 13i!is assin+ me 'y.1 They 'e+in t& 0uesti&n their sel!/&rth. They reali2e that they are needed less and le'y their hus'ands and "hildren. Unhainess, di%&r"e, sui"ide 'itterness, and 'li+hted ers&nalities are&!ten the "&nse0uen"es &! &ur raidly "han+in+ "ulture.

5n the United States there are "urrently ar&und !&ur milli&n di%&r"es a year that a!!e"t a'&ut a third &! a

milli&n "hildren m&stly under ten years &! a+e. #i%&r"e statisti"s themsel%es are n&t im&rtant, 'ut theain!ul 'i"$erin+, searin+ a""usati&ns, and dama+ed e+&s that lead t& a di%&r"e +reatly a!!e"t the t&talsum &! human hainess.

<hen a /&man tries t& li%e a !uller li!e in the /&rld &utside her h&me, the ath is n&t sm&&th. #r. Ruth (Kundsin, a r&minent Har%ard 'a"teri&l&+ist, said;

&t is my contention that women in the =nited tates have been victims of both pre"udice anddiscrimination. . . &f she has a sprinkling of Harlowian traits( her male colleagues are flirtatious. &fshe looks like a benevolent moose( they are merciless and their appraisal of her appearance take

precedence over what she has to say.

Dr. 4undsin would have us consider the en"oyment of living with a happy( independent woman wis utiliGing her talents completely and arrives home with sparkling( challenging e>pertenees of heown to tell and share. . . . ouldn/t it be that the love of such a woman is a wondrous( e>citinge>perienceF ?r does the American male ego really need a female slave in residenceF

Page 18 of 121



Just in "ase itMs 'e+innin+ t& l&&$ as th&u+h &nly the /&men ha%e a r&u+h time &! it, thereMs a tra+edy inthe m&n&t&n&us, r&utine!illed h&urs 'y /hi"h m&st men earn their li%in+. Sendin+ m&st &! the rimeyears &! &neMs li!e !i+htin+ t& earn an e4isten"e se%erely limits the sel!reali2ati&n and hainess &! m&stmen. The /&rld is s& !ull &! e4"itin+ thin+s t& learn, &! interestin+ la"es t& tra%el, &! "&untless "reati%eh&''ies, &! '&dy'uildin+ s&rts, and &! l&%ely sunsets and natural 'eauty that &ne must /ist!ully si+h at

&ur limited &&rtunity t& e4erien"e the 'est thin+s in li!e.

A 'ornet1s Nest o/ %rob"e$s

5n this "hater /e ha%e 'rie!ly t&u"hed &n s&me &! the r&'lems &! &ur "&n!used "i%ili2ati&n that s"reamthe l&udest !&r s&luti&ns. 5t /&uld 'e &ssi'le t& /rite se%eral '&&$s *ust des"ri'in+ the 1han+&%ers1 &! &transiti&nal "i%ili2ati&n. Ta$e a dee 'reath 'e"ause /e ha%enMt "&%ered e%en a hundredth &! ther&'lems &! the resent. Hel us !ill &ut the l&n+, l&n+ list;

The failure to apply scientific methods to solve social problems9 the thousands of insidious types pre"udice and pre"udice-inspired violence and killing9 the hollowness of so much of family andsocial life9 a competitive life pattern that makes it difficult for us to give fellow humans the deepacceptance that their egos need so much9 the failure of men to cooperate in "oining hands overnational boundaries to build a civiliGation in which all men may be happier( the failure to seek andutiliGe the abilities of geniuses( the shortage of good teachers9 schools that indoctrinate in what tothink instead of teaching how to think9 the unfortunate attitude that education stops whenCschoolingC is over9 the failure of * per cent of our young people to finish high school9 therestlessness of our adolescent population9 drug addiction9 the problem of abortion9 mental illnessthe failure of prisons to rehabilitate9 the growing crime rate9 slums that mar our beauty anddisgrace our humanity9 a countryside made ugly with shoddy stores( screaming signs( and

"unkyards9 the primitive automotive systems which kill over *(*** people each year9 the high ratof all kinds of accidents that kill one person in the =nited tates every si> minutes and in"uresomeone every three seconds9 the difficulty of consumers in getting reliable information on

products because of advertising that e>aggerates little differences9 the competitive system in whione man/s success in business may throw three into the tragedy of bankruptcy9 unemployment9 tinsecurity of men and women in the forty to si>ty-five age range who have difficulty in finding well

paying( dignified employment9 price-fi>ing9 industrial strikes9 the s<ueeGe on the smallbusinessman9 monopoly9 the graft of politicians and the hypocrisy of lawmakers9 high ta>es9 senicitiGens( restless in retirement9 unscientific tampering with our land( resulting in floods( dust stormand the loss of valuable forests9 the fertile acres wasted in the growth of tobacco that is detrimento the health of mankind9 water shortage that hampers agriculture and industry3the use of pesticides in ways that in"ure people and kill wildlife9 agricultural practices and

processing techni<ues that result in low <uality foods9 choosing foods by taste and habit instead by vitamin-mineral-protein-unsaturated fat content9 immature personalities reinforced by thedeficiencies of television( radio( and motion pictures9 the prevalence of inade<uate values basedon wealth and social prestige( which seldom bring happiness when achieved9 and the list may goon and on and on.

Page 19 of 121



The ur&se &! this '&&$ is t& sh&/ h&/ the mind and heart &! man "an s&l%e these aarently1uns&l%a'le1 r&'lems. The readers &! this '&&$ may 'e 1i&neers1 in a deely si+ni!i"ant /ay /hen th

l&n+ran+e st&ry &! "i%ili2ati&n is /ritten.

.Dredi"tin+ the Future

At every point in history warns Dr. 'eorge 'allupI man has assumed that civiliGation has reacheits Genith. He has smugly refused to place himself on a scale of time that reaches thousands andmillions of years into the future as well as into the past. Looked at from the vantage point of 8(***years henceEappro>imately the period of recorded historyEman/s progress up to the present timmay appear far less impressive than it does today.0

0 'eorge 'allup( The #iracle Ahead 12ew York( :vanston( and London3 Harper J Bow( 56+7( pi>.

<e ha%e 'een here su"h a sh&rt time that /e "&uld alm&st 'e "alled 1ne/'&rn.1 5! y&u /ere t& use at/enty!&ur h&ur "l&"$ t& reresent the time sin"e li!e 'e+an &n earth, it /&uld sh&/ that man has &nly'een in e4isten"e sin"e the last minute &! the t/enty!&urth h&ur: &nly durin+ the last !e/ se"&nds &! thelast minute has m&dern man 'e+un t& use s"ienti!i" meth&ds t& lead him t& the m&st e!!e"ti%e /ays t& +thin+s d&ne. <e are *ust n&/ 'e+innin+ t& hit &ur stride. )&re ne/ $n&/led+e has 'een "reated durin+the t/entieth "entury than in the re%i&us 'illi&n years. Chan+e is e%ery/here.

H&/ d&es &ne +& a'&ut redi"tin+ the m&st r&'a'le "han+es in manMs !utureL One mi+ht at !irst thin$

that s"ientists "&uld +i%e us /&rth/hile in!&rmati&n &n the !uture. TheyMre 'usy hammerin+ &ut the ne4tste. TheyMre runnin+ e4eriments t& !ind &ut /hat /&r$s and /hat d&esnMt. TheyMre atiently si!tin+ !a"tsand the&ries that !&rm the stein+ st&nes t& the !uture. (ut a +lan"e at the re"&rd sh&/s that !e/s"ientists ha%e 'een a'le t& anti"iate !uture de%el&ments "&rre"tly. They ha%e &!ten 'een /&e!ully/r&n+ in +i%in+ &ini&ns &n the r&'a'ility &! e%ents e%en a de"ade in the !uture.

A'&ut ei+hty years a+& Th&mas Edis&n, a!ter his 'rilliant su""ess /ith the h&n&+rah and "ar'&nmi"r&h&ne, 'e"ame interested in usin+ ele"tri"ity t& ma$e li+ht. <hen the ne/s &! this +&t ar&und, these"urities &! the +as "&manies 'e+an t& dr&. The (ritish Darliament a&inted a "&mmittee t&in%esti+ate the &ssi'ility &! de%el&in+ an ele"tri" li+ht. The "&n"ensus &! the e4erts /as that Edis&nMsideas /ere, 1+&&d en&u+h !&r &ur transatlanti" !riends . . . 'ut un/&rthy &! the attenti&n &! ra"ti"al &r

s"ienti!i" men.1

C. #. #arlin+t&n the 'rilliant En+lish +eneti"ist said;

&t is no accident that bacteria were first seen under the microscope by a draper( . . . that o>ygenwas first isolated by a =nitarian minister( that the theory of infection was first established by achemist( the theory of heredity by a man who was unfitted to be a university instructor in either$otany or Koology.

Page 20 of 121



At the 'e+innin+ &! this "entury, m&st s"ientists unanim&usly a+reed that an airlane /as r&'a'lyim&ssi'le, and, e%en i! it /&r$ed, it /as imra"ti"al. The eminent Ameri"an astr&n&mer Sim&n Ne/"&m

de"lared /ith !inality;

The demonstration that no possible combination of known substances( known forms of machinerand known forms of force( can be united in a practical machine by which man shall fly longdistances through the air( seems to the writer as complete as it is possible for the demonstration any physical fact to be.

F&rtunately, the <ri+ht 'r&thers did n&t ha%e time t& /&rry a'&ut Ne/"&m'Ms "&n"lusi&ns. They /ere t&'usy '&ltin+ a +as&line en+ine &nt& s&me /in+s in their 'i"y"le sh& in #ayt&n. HereMs /hat <illiam H.Di"$erin+, a /ell$n&/n s"ientist, had t& say a!ter the <ri+ht 'r&thers had !l&/n their airlane at Kitty

Ha/$;

The popular mind often pictures gigantic flying machines speeding across the Atlantic and carryininnumerable passengers in a way analogous to our modern steamships. ... &t seems safe to saythat such ideas must be wholly visionary( and even if a machine could get across with one or two

passengers the e>pense would be prohibitive to any but the capitalist who could own his ownyacht.

Another popular fallacy is to e>pect enormous speed to be obtained. &t must be remembered thatthe resistance of the air increases as the s<uare of the speed and the work as the cube.... &f with

;* h.p. we can now attain a speed of * m.p.h.( then in order to reach a speed of 5** m.p.h. wemust use a motor capable of ,* h.p. ... it is clear that with our present devices there is no hope competing for racing speed with either our locomotives or our automobiles.

S"ientists may ha%e stru"$ &ut /hen it "ame t& airlanes, 'ut they had an&ther "han"e t& imr&%e their'attin+ a%era+e &n redi"ti&ns as the r&"$et a+e ar&a"hed. 5n site &! the i&neerin+ resear"hes &!Ameri"an R&'ert &ddard and the R&manian Hermann O'erth, /h& &utlined in detail the 'asi"te"hn&l&+y &! r&"$ets and sa"eshis, Dr&!ess&r A. <. (i"$ert&n in >7? /r&te;

This foolish idea of shooting at the moon is an e>ample of the absurd length to which vicious

specialiGation will carry scientists working in thought-tight compartments. Let us critically e>aminethe proposal. @or a pro"ectile entirely to escape the gravitation of the earth( it needs a velocity of miles a second. The thermal energy of a gramme at this speed is 5(58* calories. . . . The energof our most violent e>plosiveEnitroglycerineEis less than 5(** calories per gramme.onse<uently( even had the e>plosive nothing to carry( it has only one-tenth of the energynecessary to escape the earth. . . . Hence the proposition appears to be basically impossible. . . .

Page 21 of 121



#urin+ the last !e/ m&nths &! <&rld <ar 55, the ermans surrised the /&rld /ith a 7 r&"$et, /hi"h th!ired !r&m the C&ntinent t& En+land. This naturally raised the &ssi'ility that an inter"&ntinental missilemi+ht 'e 'uilt /hi"h "&uld he !ired in Eur&e t& destr&y Ameri"an "ities. #r. anne%ar (ush, /h& /ashead &! the United States s"ienti!i" /ar e!!&rt, testi!ied 'e!&re a Senate C&mmittee &n #e"em'er , >

There has been a great deal said about a ;(*** miles high-angle rocket. &n my opinion such athing is impossible for many years. The people who have been writing these things that annoy mhave been talking about a ;(**= mile high-angle rocket shot from one continent to another(carrying an atomic bomb and so directed as to be a precise weapon which would land e>actly oncertain target( such as a city. & say( technically( & don/t think anyone in the world knows how to dosuch a thing( and & feel confident that it will not be done for a very long period of time to come. ... think we can leave that out of our thinking. & wish the American public would leave that out of thethinking.

Sli+htly &%er a de"ade a!ter this e4ert deli%ered his /&rds &! /isd&m, there /ere inter"&ntinental missilin a"tual r&du"ti&n, and the Russians had Sutni$ 5 &r'itin+ the earth I Arthur C. Clar$e in his e4"ellent'&&$ Dr&!iles &! the Future 6and t& /h&m /e are inde'ted !&r the e4amles &! redi"ti&ns +i%en in this"hater9 /r&te;

Too great a burden of knowledge can clog the wheels of imagination9 & have tried to embody thisfact of observation in larke/s Law( which may be formulated as follows3

%hen a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible( he is almost certainlyright. %hen he states that something is impossible( he is very probably wrong.

!erhaps the ad"ective CelderlyC re<uires definition. &n physics( mathematics( and astronautics itmeans over thirty9 in the other disciplines( senile decay is sometimes postponed to the forties.There are( of course( glorious e>ceptions9 but as every researcher "ust out of college knows(scientists of over fifty are good for nothing but board meetings( and should at all costs be kept ouof the laboratory0

0 Arthur . larke( !rofiles of the @uture 12ew York3 Harper J Bow 56+7( p. 5.

en Who Scored

There ha%e 'een many men /h& ha%e 'een su""ess!ul in ma$in+ remar$a'ly a""urate redi"ti&ns &! th!uture. 3e&nard& da in"i &ssessed the ne"essary "&m'inati&n &! ima+inati&n and ner%e. Jules erne,the last "entury, +a%e us !antasti" redi"ti&ns, alm&st all &! /hi"h ha%e 'e"&me resentday realities.Th&rsten e'len /as a'le t& !&resee e"&n&mi" and s&"ial trends !ar in ad%an"e &! their &""urren"e. H. <ells en"&massed, at least in &utline, the ine%ita'ility &! a /&rld s&"iety essentially 'ased u&n

Page 22 of 121



s"ienti!i", rather than &liti"al, &rientati&n.

Any&ne /h& d&u'ts the &ssi'ility &! l&n+ran+e redi"ti&n mi+ht /ell "&nsider the statements &! FriarR&+er (a"&n, /h& li%ed 'et/een 7 and 7>. These /&rds /ere /ritten at a time /hen s"ien"e and

te"hn&l&+y as /e $n&/ them /ere n&ne4istent ;

&nstruments may be made by which the largest ships( with only one man guiding them( will becarried with greater velocity than if they were full of sailors. hariots may be constructed that willmove with incredible rapidity without the help of animals. &nstruments of flying may be formed inwhich a man(sitting at his ease and meditating in any sub"ect( may beat the air with his artificialwings after the manner of birds ... as also machines which will enable men to walk at the bottom the seas. . . .

Derhas the &nly thin+ /e "an 'e sure a'&ut /hen redi"tin+ the !uture is that it /ill s&und utterly!antasti". 5t /ill 'e en&rm&usly di!!erent !r&m anythin+ that /e re+ard as 1natural1 &r 1ri+ht.1 5! &urredi"ti&ns in this '&&$ seem lausi'le t& y&u, /e ha%e r&'a'ly !ailed t& see !ar en&u+h ahead. 5! &urr&*e"ti&n &! the !uture seems "&mletely im&ssi'le and utterly !antasti", there is a &ssi'ility that /emay 'e &n the ri+ht tra"$.

'o! We %red+ct the Future

As /e &inted &ut in the !irst "hater, /e ha%e n&t 'een a'le t& !ind a "rystal 'all /e "&nsider relia'le !&redi"tin+ the !uture. <e ha%e, instead, de%el&ed a meth&d &! analysis /hi"h /e /ish t& set !&rth "lear5! y&u a+ree /ith the meth&d 'y /hi"h /e /ill attemt t& redi"t s&me &! the !eatures &! &ur t/enty!irst"entury "i%ili2ati&n, erhas y&u /ill then !ind s&me &! the re%&luti&nary "&n"lusi&ns m&re a""eta'le.

5t is &ur hy&thesis that there are three im&rtant !a"t&rs that /ill +reatly in!luen"e the e%&luti&n &! &ur"i%ili2ati&n. They are;

. The %alues, ur&ses, and ideals t&/ard /hi"h man is stri%in+.7. The meth&d &! thin$in+ that /e use t& sele"t &ur "&urses &! a"ti&n.. The state &! te"hn&l&+y, &r, /hat s&rt &! t&&ls are a%aila'le t& hel us d& /hat /e /ant t& d&.

5n the ne4t three "haters /e are +&in+ t& dis"uss ea"h &! these three !a"t&rs that /e 'elie%e /ill+enerate the !uture shae &! &ur "i%ili2ati&n. <e 'elie%e that i! /e are a'le t& determine /hat e&lereally /ant here &n earth, /e /ill 'e a'le t& anti"iate the +eneral dire"ti&ns in /hi"h men /ill +& in'uildin+ the "i%ili2ati&n &! the !uture. <e /ill in0uire int& the 1mind1 and 1heart1 &! man t& see /hat hereally seems t& /ant m&st. <e /ill see i! there ha%e 'een %alues that ha%e 'een &n a steady us/in+ !&"enturies. 5! /e are su""ess!ul in "&rre"tly in&intin+ the %alues and ideals that human 'ein+s /ill m&st

Page 23 of 121



desire in the !uture, /e /ill 'e &n &ur /ay t&/ard a""urately redi"tin+ the tye &! "i%ili2ati&n that liesahead &! us.

alues are &nly a !irst ste. T& $n&/ /hat man really /ants is m&st hel!ul, 'ut it is e0ually im&rtant th/e a""urately i"$ the meth&d &! thin$in+ that he /ill use t& try t& +et /hat he /ants. F&r e4amle, man

has al/ays la"ed a hi+h %alue &n +&&d health. (ut simly ha%in+ this %alue is n&t en&u+h. The meth&d&! thin$in+ that a""&many a %alue ha%e a l&t t& d& /ith /hether it /ill 'e a"hie%ed. Thin$in+ meth&d&l&that /as in %&+ue durin+ ast "enturies resulted in seri&usly ill e&le 'ein+ 'led 'y 'ar'ers. (l&&dsu"$in+ lee"hes /ere "&nsidered a ne"essary item in the d&"t&rMs 'a+. 5n "&ntrast, the meth&ds &!thin$in+ in use t&day in the !ield &! medi"ine &!ten "all !&r a 'l&&d trans!usi&n.

5n the ast i! an idea s&unded lausi'le, e&le 'elie%ed it. 5! an auth&rity said s&methin+ /as true, it /a+enerally a""eted. 5t /as %ery rare !&r a ers&n t& say, 15 d&nMt "are h&/ reas&na'le it s&unds &r /h&says itMs s&, 5 /ant t& ma$e s&me "are!ul tests t& see !&r mysel!.1

Thus, the meth&ds &! thin$in+ that e&le eml&y lay a 'i+ art in determinin+ /hat $ind &! "i%ili2ati&n

they ha%e.A third !a"t&r that intera"ts /ith the %alue stru"ture and the meth&ds &! thin$in+ is the te"hn&l&+y &! a+i%en a+e. F&r e4amle, as a "&nse0uen"e &! &ur %alue stru"ture, /e /ant t& tra%el t& the m&&n. <e uss"ienti!i" meth&ds &! thin$in+ t& arri%e at the 'asi" the&ries that sh&/ us h&/ t& +et there. (ut i! the state&! te"hn&l&+y d&es n&t yield a metal str&n+ en&u+h and li+ht en&u+h t& 'uild sa"e"ra!t, /eMre n&t li$elyt& set !&&t &n the m&&n.

Our te"hn&l&+y has 'een sl&/ly e%&l%in+ !&r the last ?88,888 years. 5t /as a +reat day /hen rehist&ri"man !irst i"$ed u a sti"$ and used it as an instrument t& a"hie%e +reater "&ntr&l &%er his en%ir&nment.The in%enti&n &! the /heel /as a 'i+ ste !&r/ard. (ut there has 'een m&re te"hn&l&+i"al de%el&ment the last hal!"entury than in the re"edin+ ?88,888 years. C&muters, aut&mati&n, and the de%el&ment&! at&mi" &/er en&rm&usly enhan"e manMs &tential t& a"hie%e /hate%er %alues and ideals he "h&&ses

N&/ y&u $n&/ h&/ /e are +&in+ a'&ut this. 5! any&ne /ishes t& sell &ut in use!ul detail s&me &! the!&rms &! &ur !uture, /e 'elie%e he must i"$ the ri+ht h&rse in three di!!erent ra"es;

. He must "&rre"tly assess /hat man /ill /ant t& d&G/hat he really %alues m&st.7. He must a""urately !ind &ut h&/ heMs +&in+ t& try t& d& itG /hat meth&ds &! thin$in+ he /ill rely u&nm&st.. He must analy2e the t&&ls that man /ill ha%e !&r a""&mlishin+ /hat he sets &ut t& d&Ghe mustin&int the si+ni!i"ant te"hn&l&+i"al de%el&ments that /ill lay ma*&r r&les in the !uture.

All three !a"t&rs intera"t /ith ea"h &ther. The %alue stru"ture n&t &nly in!luen"es the meth&d &! thin$in+and the te"hn&l&+y, 'ut it is, in turn, in!luen"ed 'y them. The meth&d &! thin$in+ that man eml&ys isa!!e"ted 'y his %alue stru"ture and the te"hn&l&+y &! the a+e, 'ut it als& lays a art in m&di!yin+ '&th &these. Similarly, the te"hn&l&+y &! any +i%en "i%ili2ati&n intera"ts in a mutual /ay /ith the %alue stru"turand the meth&d &! thin$in+. These re+nant !a"t&rs mi+ht 'e %ie/ed as three +ears that mesh /ith ea"h&ther.

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N&/ y&u ha%e a /ay t& *ud+e h&/ /ell /e a""&mlish /hat /e set &ut t& d&. 5! y&u d&nMt !eel that /e

ha%e i"$ed the trends that /ill lay the lar+est art in shain+ the !uture, then y&u r&'a'ly /&nMt a""ethe tye &! "i%ili2ati&n that /e des"ri'e in Dart 55 &! this '&&$. 5!, h&/e%er, y&u !eel that /e ha%e "&rre"tlyassessed the d&minant trends in man$indMs %alue system, i! y&u !eel that the meth&d &! thin$in+ has 'eea""urately in&inted, and i! y&u %ie/ te"hn&l&+y in the same %ein, then y&u may 'e intri+ued 'y &urr&*e"ti&n &! the e4erien"es &! a man and /&man in the t/enty!irst "entury.

.Our alues Chart Our C&urse

)any e&le ha%e essimisti" !eelin+s a'&ut the !uture. Derhas the en&rm&us +r&/th &! te"hn&l&+y tha

ena'les man t& 'uild '&m's that "an destr&y a "ity, aut&m&'iles that $ill m&re e&le than /ars, andlanes that e4"eed the seed &! s&und +i%e them a 1<hatMs ne4tL1 !eelin+. Derhas s&me &! theessimism is due t& the !ailure &! e"&n&mi", s&"ial, and &liti"al in%enti&ns t& $ee a"e /ith thede%el&ments &! hysi"al s"ien"e.

)any e&le identi!y the !uture /ith the %alue system r&*e"ted 'y Ald&us Hu4ley in $rave 2ew %orldand e&r+e Or/ell in 568. These auth&rs had an im&rtant messa+e !&r us. They &inted &ut that i! /e"h&&se %alues that i+n&re the inner needs &! man, /e "an "reate a h&rr&r here &n earth. Or/ell /r&te &s&"iety in /hi"h te"hn&l&+y /as used t& the ultimate t& "urtail !reed&m &! th&u+ht and a"ti&n. A tele%isi&"amera in e%ery aartment ena'led se"ret &li"e t& see /hat /as +&in+ &n. The &nly /ay !&r anindi%idual t& ha%e any ri%a"y /as t& turn his 'a"$ t& the "amera and sea$ s&!tly. This /as m&dern

te"hn&l&+y imlementin+ a %alue system &! the ast. )&st s"ien"e !i"ti&n uses an inade0uate system &!"rude %alues that "&n!li"t /ith manMs need t& 'e a !ree sirit en*&yin+ the &tentialities &! li!e.

<e are raidly ar&a"hin+ a sta+e in human de%el&ment that /ill ermit man t& d& alm&st anythin+ h/ants. <e !eel "&n!ident man /ill "h&&se a set &! %alues that /ill yield hainess. The /arnin+s &! Or/eand Hu4ley ha%e n&t 'een in %ain. <eMd 'e +lad t& trade t/& h&urs in the resent /&rld &! "&n!li"t !&r &nh&ur in the ad%an"ed "i%ili2ati&n &! &ne hundred years !r&m n&/. <e !eel that the ne4t "entury /ill &enthe d&&r t& ne/ h&ri2&ns &! human e4erien"e and hainess.

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'o! We Got Our 2a"ue Syste$

Derhas the m&st si+ni!i"ant thin+ a ers&n "an $n&/ a'&ut himsel! is t& understand his &/n system &!%alues. Alm&st e%ery thin+ /e d& is a re!le"ti&n &! &ur &/n ers&nal %alue system. <hat d& /e mean 'y%aluesL Our %alues are /hat /e /ant &ut &! li!e. N& &ne is '&rn /ith a set &! %alues. E4"et !&r &ur 'asihysi&l&+i"al needs, su"h as air, /ater, and !&&d, m&st &! &ur %alues are a"0uired a!ter 'irth.

As an e4amle &! h&/ %alues are i"$ed u, indi%iduals /h& +r&/ u in the t/entieth"entury Ameri"a a"&nditi&ned t& the a"0uisiti&n &! m&ney as a art &! their %alue stru"ture. 5t isnMt 1natural1 !&r a ers&n t&<ant m&ney. 5tMs a %alue m&st e&le in &ur "ulture a"0uire. <hen /e /ere erhas t/& years &ld, /elearned that a enny /&uld 'uy a ie"e &! "andy. <e heard adults say /ith &'%i&us ar&%al, 1He has al&t &! m&ney.1 As /e +re/ u, /e &'ser%ed the "&rrelati&n 'et/een m&ney and lar+er "ars, m&re

'eauti!ul h&mes, !iner "l&thes, et". Feelin+s &! sel!/&rth 'e"ame ass&"iated /ith m&ney. O%er the year/e +radually a"0uired a %alue stru"ture that led us t& la"e su"h a hi+h %alue &n m&ney that in &urresent e"&n&my &! s"ar"ity /e send a lar+e art &! &ur li%es s"rat"hin+ !&r d&llars.

5! /e had +r&/n u in a s&"iety /here e&le d& n&t stress material /ealth, m&ney /&uld n&t ha%e layan im&rtant art in &ur %alue stru"ture. 5n Sam&a !&&d is there !&r the ta$in+. C&"&nuts and !ruit +r&//ith&ut "ulti%ati&n, !ish are a%aila'le in the near'y sea, little &r n& "l&thin+ is needed, and it d&esnMt ta$el&n+ t& ut u a that"hedr&&! hut !r&m materials that +r&/ &n all sides. 5n su"h a s&"iety e&le may 'eless li$ely t& /&r$ hard !&r m&ney. De&le "&nditi&ned in this manner d& n&t a"t in /ays men "&nsidera"0uisiti%e, "&metiti%e, and thri!ty.

<hen a "ulture is in a raid state &! transiti&n, /e ha%e "&n!li"tin+ %alues /hi"h &!ten yield h&stility andunhainess. )&st e&le in t/entieth"entury Ameri"a ha%e a %alue system that in"ludes '&th sin"erityand the desire !&r m&ney. Su&se a mer"hant ad%ertisin+ a sale /ere t& in"lude a 1l&ssleader1 itemsu"h as a da"r&n shirt !&r .>. (ut i! e&le !l&"$ed t& ur"hase this ad%ertised shirt, they /&uld !indthat he had &nly si4 !&r sale at this ri"e. The "&n!li"t in %alues mi+ht 'e !elt 'y '&th the mer"hant and hi"ust&mers. Our transiti&nal "ulture &! t&day $ees us in eretual "&n!li"t.

alues are n&t immuta'le and eternal. They are "reated lar+ely 'y the !eelin+s &! human 'ein+s. 1The%alues '&th &! indi%iduals and &! +r&us '&th lar+e and small ha%e 'een "han+ed,1 Ralh (&rs&di ad%isus;

They are being changed today more rapidly than ever before. The ac<uisition and the inculcationof values begins at birth in the acceptance or re"ection of the child by its parents9the valuesinculcated and ac<uired during the first few years of life affect the unconscious mind so deeply ththeir alteration is not easy( but they can be changed and it is easier to change them in the moder. . world than ever before.0

0 Balph $orsodi( C:ight !ropositions About Malues(C The Humanist( 156+( 2umber @ive7( p. 5).opyright 56+ by the American Humanist Association( Humanist House( Yellow prings( ?hio.

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Beprinted by permission.

<e "an test a %alue 'y as$in+, 1#&es it yield hainess !&r usL1 There is n&thin+ a's&lute a'&ut any

%alueGitMs n&t a 0uesti&n &! 1ri+ht1 &r 1/r&n+,1 1true1 &r 1!alse,1 1+&&d1 &r 1'ad.1 <e sh&uld as$ &ursel%e1H&/ d& &ur %alues a!!e"t &ur hainess, '&th resent and !utureL1

The haenstan"e &! /hen and /here /e are '&rn determines /hat set &! %alues /e a"0uire. A !e/years &r a !e/ miles "an ma$e a /hale &! a di!!eren"e. Alth&u+h /e $n&/ that n& &ne is '&rn /ith a set %alues, the arti"ular set &! %alues /e a"0uire seems '&th 1in'&rn1 and 1natural1 t& us. <e al/ays !eelstran+e /hen /e meet e&le /ith a di!!erent set &! %alues. They d&nMt a"t 1ri+ht.1

Ja"0ues Fres"&, &ne &! the auth&rs, %isited (&ra(&ra in the S&"iety 5slands thirty years a+&. He "arried/ith him !i!ty &"$et mirr&rs and hundreds &! 'eads and &ther n&%elties that he h&ed t& use in la"e &!m&ney. Fres"& sh&/ed these +i!ts t& se%eral nati%es and then ut them int& a suit"ase. <hen he return

t& his li%in+ 0uarters se%eral h&urs later, he /as surrised t& see a num'er &! men and /&men !reelyhandin+ &ut the 'eads, mirr&rs, and &ther trin$ets t& their D&lynesian !riends. He interruted them andas$ed /hat /as +&in+ &n. One &! the &lder men relied that Fres"& had m&re than he needed and that i/as a shame t& see s& many /&nder!ul thin+s n&t 'ein+ ut t& use.

A!ter esta'lishin+ a !a%&ra'le relati&nshi /ith the D&lynesians, he made a "asual "&mment that he /&uare"iate their hel in 'uildin+ an &utri++er "an&e. They +athered in a huddle and le!t /ith&ut sayin+anythin+. Se%eral days later, they aeared "arryin+ an &utri++er "an&e and resented him /ith thise4tra%a+ant +i!t. #urin+ the ne4t t/& /ee$s he /as una'le t& !ind time t& en*&y their +i!t. They aeareddistur'ed and i"$ed u the "an&e and "arried it a/ay.

C%hy are you taking my canoe awayFC he as$ed.An &lder D&lynesian steed !&rth and "&mmented resent!ully, C%e give you boat. You no use. %e takeback.C

5t t&&$ Fres"& a /hile t& +ras !ully the si+ni!i"an"e &! su"h a system &! %alues 'ased &n need and use,instead &! &/nershi.)any &! the %alues that y&u and 5 ha%e t&day /ere de%ised th&usands &! years a+& in a /&rld &! +reats"ar"ity. F&r e4amle, durin+ ast "enturies it t&&$ a'&ut t/enty !armers t& r&du"e en&u+h surlus !&&t& maintain &ne t&/nsman. T& ha%e a dee !eelin+ &! /&rth in su"h a /&rld, it /as usual t& ha%e a %aluestru"ture that +enerated hard/&r$in+ and thri!ty 'eha%i&r.

The s"ar"ity "&nditi&ns &! the ast ha%e led men t& la"e a hi+h %alue &n &/nin+ as many thin+s as&ssi'le. The &/nershi &! a set &! t&&ls ena'led a man t& ma$e his li%in+. 5! s&me&ne had st&len these!r&m him, his a'ility t& earn a li%in+ /&uld ha%e 'een threatened. The &/nershi &! material +&&ds'e"ame ass&"iated /ith a !eelin+ &! sel!esteem. 5n s&me &! &ur ast "ultures, the "&n"et &! ri%ate&/nershi e%en e4tended t& in"lude /&men. <&men "&uld 'e '&u+ht and s&ld in the mar$etla"e. E%enin the t/entieth "entury /e ha%e "&n!li"ts in &ur %alue system as the status &! /&men is e%&l%in+ !r&m'ein+ the r&erty &! men t& the r&le &! !ree human 'ein+s.

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3L+/e, L+berty, and the %ursu+t o/ 'a**+ness3

5! /e are t& ma$e a reas&na'le anti"iati&n &! the tye &! /&rld &ur des"endants /ill ha%e, /e mustade0uately "h&&se the d&minant trends in %alues. S& here /e +&I Alth&u+h there are many /ays t&hrase it, /e !eel that the %alue /a%e &! the !uture /as e4ressed /ell 'y Th&mas Je!!ers&n in The#e"larati&n &! 5ndeenden"e in that hist&ri" hrase, 13i!e, 3i'erty, and the Dursuit &! Hainess.1

Alth&u+h /e in midt/entieth"entury Ameri"a ha%e a de+ree &! li'erty and !reed&m, /e ha%e &nlyrea"hed the !irst run+ in "lim'in+ the ladder t&/ard a"hie%in+ the hi+hest de+ree &! li!e and li'erty. <hemen &! the !uture l&&$ 'a"$ and try t& understand the relati%ely rimiti%e "&nditi&ns &! midt/entieth"entury Ameri"a, they /ill 'e m&st erle4ed. They may "&mment that /hile F&urth &! July see"hes in/hi"h the 'lessin+s &! li'erty, !reed&m, and the ri+ht &! e%ery&ne t& 'e an indi%idual /ere s&$en &! 0uit

hi+hly, yet e%ery year m&re and m&re la/s /ere assed tellin+ e&le that they "&uldnMt d& this, and the/&uld ay a !ine i! they did that, and they /&uld +& t& *ail !&r d&in+ s&methin+ else. Derhas !urtherresear"h 'y !uture hist&rians mi+ht re%eal that many &! &ur la/s /ere assed 'e"ause /e !elt they /ereneeded t& $ee men !r&m hurtin+ &ther men. 5n &ther /&rds, the li'erty &! &ne ers&n had t& 'e limited sthat he "&uld n&t destr&y the !reed&m and hainess &! &thers. And this /ill 'e a "uri&us thin+ !&r e&lin the !uture t& understand a'&ut &ur resent "i%ili2ati&n. F&r they /ill !ind it unthin$a'le that "&nditi&nse4isted that ermitted "&n!li"t 'et/een human 'ein+s.

The "i%ili2ati&n &! the !uture /ill &ut+r&/ the need !&r la/s as /e $n&/ them. F&r e4amle, /e ha%e a laa+ainst murder.

5n the !uture there /ill 'e n& la/s dealin+ /ith murder. N& 'a'y is '&rn a murderer. 5mmersed in a"&n!li"t"ulture su"h as &urs, he intera"ts /ith the "&nditi&ns &! his en%ir&nment t& de%el& a attern &!rea"ti&n that "an, under "ertain "ir"umstan"es, lead him t& $ill an&ther human 'ein+. As he +r&/s u, he&!ten sees headlines and i"tures in ne/saers tellin+ &! murder. 5n literature, m&%ies, and tele%isi&n h/itnesses th&usands &! murders.

Our si"$ s&"iety d&tes &%er su"h le+endary murderers as Jesse James, Al Ca&ne and (&nnie andClyde. A y&un+ "hild li%es under "&nditi&ns /here he is trained t& 'e *eal&us and a"0uisiti%e. His $in+si2ed e+& learns t& res&nd /ith !eelin+s &! dee hurt and re*e"ti&n. 5! &ne day the +r&/n man /ere t&!ind his /i!e in 'ed /ith an&ther man, he /&uld res&nd in a /ay that is di"tated 'y the years &!"&nditi&nin+. 5t /&uld seem natural !&r him t& sei2e a +un and murder the man.

T&day /e are 'e+innin+ t& identi!y %ari&us thin+s /hi"h "&nditi&n us t& a"t as /e d&. 5n the !uture the!a"t&rs that "&nditi&n human 'ein+s t& $ill &r d& &ther thin+s that harm !ell&/ human 'ein+s /ill 'eunderst&&d and eliminated. The %alue stru"ture /ill n&t ermit "hildren t& 'e "&nditi&ned in si"$, t/istedand insane /ays. 5! it is !&und that s&me&ne mi+ht d& s&methin+ that "&uld hurt an&ther human 'ein+, threa"ti&n /ill n&t 'e t& ass a la/ a+ainst it. De&le /ill n&t use an ar"hai" stru"ture &! "&urts, *ud+es, anla/s. They /ill simly as$ themsel%es, 1<hat is it that ermits a ers&n t& a"t in a /ay that "&uld hurts&me&ne elseL1 <hen they !ind the r&&t &! the di!!i"ulty, they /ill m&di!y "&nditi&ns s& that e&le /ill n&

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G&r "an n&tGa"t in this /ay.

What About 'u$an Nature4

<hen little /as $n&/n a'&ut "ultural anthr&&l&+y, s&"i&l&+y, and sy"h&l&+y, it seemed 0uite %alid t&resist r&&sed re!&rms 'y sayin+, 15t /&nMt /&r$. 5tMs a+ainst human nature.1 5t is di!!i"ult !&r many e&t& are"iate the !a"t that /hat they "all 1human nature1 *ust d&esnMt e4ist. S"ienti!i" resear"h hasdis"&%ered that it is r&'a'ly n&t e%en 1human nature1 !&r a man t& 'e attra"ted se4ually t& a /&manI Tharti"ular &'*e"t t& /hi"h &ne is attra"ted se4ually seems t& 'e determined 'y e4erien"es that haenearly in li!e. This e%en alies t& s&me animals. E"$hard Hess $et a y&un+ male *un+le !&/l /ith him !&the !irst m&nth &! its li!e. 5t /as n&t ermitted t& 'e /ith any &! its &/n se"ies durin+ this time. Hessn&ti"ed ;

This animal( even after five yearsEmuch of that time in association with his own speciesEcourtshuman beings with typical behavior( but not females of his own species. This certainly is a far-reaching effect and is similar to the finding of BNber 15687( who reported on a male turkey whosbehavior toward human beings was similar.0

0 :ckhard H. Hess( C&mprinting(C cience( 15667( p. 5*.

)an is li$e a mirr&rGhe lar+ely re!le"ts his surr&undin+s. 5! man /ere t& "&me int& the /&rld /ith a !i4ed1nature1 "&nsistin+ &! aut&mati" res&nses, "i%ili2ati&n /&uld 'e im&ssi'le. 3i$e the ants, /e /&uld li%e&ut &ur li%es in atterns that are m&di!ied 'ut little /ith the assin+ &! time. The /&nder!ul thin+ a'&ut usis that /e "&me int& this /&rld /ith ma4imum !le4i'ility.

2a"ues o/ the Future

<e 'elie%e that manMs ursuit &! hainess under the "&nditi&ns &! the t/enty!irst "entury /ill ermit hit& a"hie%e the !ullest e4ressi&n &! the !&ll&/in+ %alues;

Life and Liberty A matured s&"iety /ill ermit man a ma4imum de+ree &! li!e, li'erty, and !reed&m. 5ndi%iduals /illunderstand themsel%es. They /ill "h&&se atterns &! li%in+ that /ill deely e4ress their &/n inner sel%eNe%er 'e!&re has s&"iety 'een a'le t& ermit all indi%iduals t& e4ress their intelle"tual, em&ti&nal, andhysi"al needs. At l&n+ last, indi%iduals /ill n& l&n+er 'e su'&rdinated and ressured t& "&n!&rm t& a seattern.

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:conomic Abundance. There /ill 'e e"&n&mi" a'undan"e s& that the material needs &! men are amly met. C&metiti%eness,a"0uisiti%eness, thri!tiness, and the hard/&r$in+ syndr&me /ill 'e as e4tin"t as the din&saur.

Health and Longevity.

The ideal &! radiant health /ill "&ntinue t& 'e %alued as it has in the ast. (ut !&r the !irst time it "an 'ereali2ed. S"ienti!i" nutriti&n al&n+ the lines su++ested 'y &ne &! the auth&rs in H&/ t& 3i%e 3&n+erGStr&n+erGSlimmer /ill 'e 'uilt int& e%eryday li!eatterns.P 5mr&%ed +eneti" desi+ns and li%in+"&nditi&ns /hi"h r&m&te ma4imal health /ill +i%e a !reed&m !r&m disease and a ma4imum &! ener+y th/as seld&m a"hie%ed in &lder "i%ili2ati&ns. The a%era+e li!esan may /ell e4"eed 8 years in thet/enty!irst "entury. E%entually, it /ill stret"h t&/ard imm&rtality.

P Kenneth S. Keyes, Jr., H&/ t& 3i%e 3&n+erGStr&n+erGSlimmer 6Ne/ Y&r$; Frederi"$ Fell, >??9.

Love and @riendship. )anMs !eelin+s &! !riendshi, /armth, and l&%e !&r all &ther men /ill deeen t& an e4tent that "an n&t 'e

underst&&d 'y th&se /h& li%e in the t/entieth"entury /&rld &! s"ar"ity. Friendshi and l&%e in thet/entieth "entury are s& "l&uded /ith "&ns"i&us and un"&ns"i&us h&stilities, "&metiti%eness, en%y,+reed, and inse"urity that the deeest le%els &! human /armth "an n&t 'e ar&a"hed. Only in a matures&"iety is it &ssi'le !&r man t& sa%&r !ully his relati&nshis /ith !ell&/ human 'ein+s.

!hysical !leasures.The &tential that men and /&men ha%e !&r en*&yin+ the leasures &! se4 /ill rea"h their +reatest !ruiti&in a mature s&"iety. Se4ual 'eha%i&r in midt/entieth"entury Ameri"a /ill 'e re+arded as in"redi'lyrimiti%e, !&r it is &%erladen /ith +uilt !eelin+s in"ul"ated 'y early rainin+. 5n the t/enty!irst "entury se4uem&ti&ns /ill 'e treasured 'e"ause &! their hist&ri"al ass&"iati&n /ith the "reati&n &! li!e. #ee !eelin+s leasure, &neness, and rela4ati&n /ill !l&/ !r&m the mature e4ressi&ns &! human se4ual !eelin+s.

Appreciation of $eauty.)anMs are"iati&n &! 'eauty /ill e4and !r&m the narr&/ ran+es &! the resent int& the +reatly enlar+edh&ri2&ns he /ill a"hie%e in the !uture. The hysi"al 'eauty &! human 'ein+s /ill n&t 'e "&n!ined t& thenarr&/ standards &! the 1'eauty 0ueen1 mentality &! t&day. The 'eauty &! human 'ein+s &! all a+es !r&m'irth t& the l&%ely mell&/ness &! &ld a+e /ill 'e are"iated. Estheti" e4erien"e /ill 'e"&me a er%asi%reality in the li%es &! all men. Alm&st e%erythin+ in the t/enty!irst"entury /&rld /ill 'e 'eauti!ul. )anMsestheti" sense /ill n&t 'e dulled 'y e4&sure t& sham and arti!i"iality, slums, *u$e'&4es, and ad%ertisin+art. As /e /ill dis"uss in a later "hater, musi" /ill a"0uire ne/ dimensi&ns that "&mletely trans"end thlimited &r"hestral ran+es &! t&day. (eauty /ill 'e"&me an inte+ral art &! li!e, n&t *ust s&methin+ /eare"iate at deta"hed m&ments. De&le /ill 'e m&re interested in r&du"in+ art than in a"0uirin+ anddislayin+ it.

#ee 3e%els &! Sel!Kn&/led+e and C&mmuni"ati&n &! Feelin+s.De&le in the t/enty!irst"entury /&rld /ill a"hie%e enetratin+ le%els &! ra&rt, '&th /ith themsel%esand /ith the !eelin+s &! &thers. )any &! the inner !eelin+s &! e&le in the t/entieth "entury are reresseand d& n&t "&me !ully int& a/areness. 5t is e4tremely rare that &neMs innerm&st !eelin+s "an 'e "&ntinual!ully, and !reely e4ressed, e%en 'et/een !riends &r l&%ers. 5n the !uture all !eelin+s /ill 'e ea+erly s&u+%er'ali2ed, and th&r&u+hly a""eted 'y &thers. This /ill r&du"e a ne/ dimensi&n &! rela4ed li%in+ that

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alm&st un$n&/n t&day.

Micarious haring of the Delights of ?thersThe rela4ed e+&s &! indi%iduals in the t/enty!irst "entury /ill ermit them t& a"hie%e a dee leasure insharin+ the hainess and the e4erien"es &! &thers. The a"hie%ement &! hainess /ill n&t 'e &n a

narr&/ sel!"entered 'asis in /hi"h &ne e+& !i+hts an&ther !&r a !eelin+ &! /&rth. De&le in the !uture /i!eel that the hainess le%els &! all indi%iduals are t& a lar+e de+ree interl&"$ed and rise and !all t&+etheF&r e4amle, i! &ne ers&n is si"$, the disease mi+ht sread t& &thers. 5! he is unhay, the intera"ti&n/ith &thers mi+ht ma$e them unhay. 5! an indi%idual is +i%en an in!eri&r status, his resentment mi+htlead t& h&stile a"ts that hurt &thers. Hen"e, indi%iduals in the t/enty!irst "entury /ill %alue the !eelin+s &&ther e&le as their &/n and deri%e a dee satis!a"ti&n !r&m $n&/in+ that all men in their s&"iety li%erela4ed, deely!ul!illed and !as"inatin+ li%es. N& &ne /ill stand al&ne.

The hallenge of Life.The "hallen+e &! li!e that men and /&men /ill e4erien"e in the !uture /ill, erhas, 'e a sureme %alueF&r the !irst time all men and /&men /ill li%e a multidimensi&nal li!e, limited &nly 'y their ima+inati&n. 5n

the t/entieth "entury /e "&uld "lassi!y e&le 'y sayin+, 1He is +&&d ins&rts. She is an intelle"tual. He is an artist.1 5n the !uture all e&le /ill ha%e the time and the !a"ilities ta""et the !antasti" %ariety &! "hallen+es that li!e &!!ers them. )en and /&men /ill !eel er!e"tly at h&min all arts &! their /&rld. The satis!a"ti&n &! a "&ntinuin+ sel!de%el&ment /ill 'e a n&rmal art &! li!e, na rare thin+ as it is in the midt/entieth "entury.

O*en (yes and O*en +nds

As /e s$et"h a i"ture &! the t/enty!irst"entury /&rld, /e /ill see$ %alues that /ill hel indi%idual men/&men, and "hildren t& a"hie%e !eelin+s &! !ul!illment. )&st &! the !un"ti&nal %alue systems &! the ast /seem inar&riate in the /&rld &! the !uture that /e r&*e"t in Dart 55.

<e must 'e reared t& see the diss&luti&n &! human instituti&ns that ha%e 'een /ith us !&r th&usands &years i! they n& l&n+er "&ntri'ute ma4imally t& human hainess in the "han+ed /&rld &! the t/enty!irst"entury. As /e study the !uture %alue stru"tures &! man$ind, /e must n&t 'e li$e tra%elers /h& +& t& a!&rei+n land and immediately "&mare e%erythin+ /ith their &/n h&me t&/n. T& understand an&therla"e, /e must lay aside the %alue atterns that /e are used t&. <e must rela4 &ur mental sets s& that /may !eel a ne/ attern &! human e4erien"e. The 'i++est r&'lem that /e !a"e is t& +et the t/entieth"entury dust &ut &! &ur eyes s& that /e may !eel and thin$ as !reshly as &ssi'le a'&ut the alm&stlimitless ermutati&ns and "&m'inati&ns &! li!e atterns that man$ind may e4l&re !&r e%er hi+her le%els !ul!illment in the !uture.

5! y&u thin$ that t&dayMs %i"es and %irtues are a's&lute and ultimate and re!le"t the !inal %alue system !&rall times and all "i%ili2ati&ns, y&u /ill !ind &ur r&*e"ti&n &! the !uture t& 'e sh&"$in+ and in"redi'le. 5! y&uha%e an a's&lute attitude t&/ard %alues, all y&u "an d& is t& r&*e"t y&ur arti"ular "&nditi&nin+ &nt&man$indMs dynami"ally e%&l%in+ !uture. Y&u /ill tend t& see the !uture in terms &! the resent /ith, &!

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"&urse, s&me &! the 'urrs rem&%ed. 5! y&u /ant e%en the sli+htest "han"e &! understandin+ /here /e ar+&in+Gand &ssi'ly helin+ us +et thereGsha$e &ut the a's&lutes and ut in the relati%es. A "ulturemust 'e seen relati%e t& time, relati%e t& la"e, and relati%e t& a arti"ular !rame/&r$ &! %alues, thin$in+meth&d&l&+y, and te"hn&l&+y.

Ci%ili2ati&n has *ust re"ently +i%en u "ra/lin+ and has 'e+un t& t&ddle. <ith the de%el&ment &! s"ientimeth&ds &! thin$in+ se%eral "enturies a+&, man$ind 'e+an t& 'l&ss&m int& /hat mi+ht 'e "alled the"hildh&&d &! "i%ili2ati&n. <e are t&day !ast+r&/in+ ad&les"ents. <e ha%e "lashin+ %alues. <e are t&rn'et/een &ur inside !eelin+s and needs and &utside stru"tures and ressures. The adulth&&d &! human"i%ili2ati&n lies 'e!&re us. There is &nly &ne thin+ /e "an $n&/ !&r "ertainGthe /&rld &! the !uture /ill 'een&rm&usly di!!erent !r&m anythin+ in the ast &r resent.

.The S"ienti!i" )eth&d

Our meth&d &! thin$in+ hels us "h&&se 'et/een !&rmulati&ns, ideas, th&u+hts, n&ti&ns, hy&theses,the&ries, and &ther "ere'ral it"hes. 5t ena'les us t& de"ide /hat is 1true1 and /hat is 1!alse.1 Our meth&d&! thin$in+ sh&uld hel us i"$ the m&st relia'le thin+ t& d& that &!!ers ma4imum redi"ta'ility. 5t sh&uldena'le us t& re*e"t ideas that d& n&t "&rres&nd /ith &'ser%a'le !a"ts.

<hat are the %ari&us meth&ds &! thin$in+ that man has usedL There is the meth&d &! aealin+ t&auth&rity, &r, as$in+ /hat the /ise men, resent &r ast, ha%e t& say a'&ut the r&'lem. There is themeth&d &! intuiti&n, /hi"h means umin+ y&ur !eelin+s !&r s&methin+ that may 'ear &n the r&'lem.There is the meth&d &! rati&nal, hil&s&hi"al, l&+i"al thin$in+, /hi"h means usin+ y&ur 'rain t& test &ut

%ari&us %er'al stru"tures.

<eMre in !a%&r &! usin+ all the a'&%e meth&ds &! thin$in+, and any &thers y&u "an !ind, !&r the ur&se &"&min+ u /ith "reati%e ideas that may 'e use!ul. 5t is %ital that /e sh&uld n&t misuse these meth&ds &!thin$in+ 'y relyin+ &n them t& ma$e a !inal sele"ti&n. T& "h&&se the m&st use!ul ideas /e must !inally 0utal$in+ and "he"$ /hether a %er'al !&rmulati&n "&rres&nds /ith &'ser%a'le !a"ts.

The hist&ry &! human th&u+ht sh&/s that /e d&nMt +et %ery !ar as l&n+ as /e sin /&rds ar&und in &urheads and !ail t& ta$e the s"ienti!i" ste &! "he"$in+ them a+ainst &'ser%a'le !a"ts. N&ns"ienti!i"meth&ds &! thin$in+ d& n&t r&du"e a+reement 'et/een indi%iduals &! di!!erent 'a"$+r&unds. They "anar+ue 1until the "&/s "&me h&me,1 and r&'lems still d&nMt +et settled. E%en /&rse, n&ns"ienti!i"

meth&ds ha%e ne%er 'een su""ess!ul in 'uildin+ an e!!e"ti%e stru"ture &! $n&/led+e &n /hi"h men &! allnati&ns "an rely. Relia'le $n&/led+e a""umulates &nly /hen men sl&/ the !l&/ &! /&rds and starts"ienti!i"ally "he"$in+ their ideas a+ainst s&methin+ &utside their s$ulls. The en&rm&us r&+ress &!s"ien"e and the te"hn&l&+i"al mar%els &! &ur a+e /ere &ssi'le 'e"ause men tested their ideas a+ainst&'ser%a'le !a"ts.

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&he 5e#+nn+n# o/ the Sc+ent+/+c ethod

Alth&u+h the ree$s da''led in and seemed t& ha%e anti"iated alm&st e%erythin+, it /as n&t until

Fran"is (a"&n 6??7?9 aeared &n the s"ene that men 'e+an t& use systemi"ally the meth&d &!s"ien"e. As #r. e&r+e allu &inted &ut ;

$acon argued strenuously for an entirely new approach to the physical world. ... He advocated the>perimental approach( its virtue being that every finding and conclusion could be tested. inceevery new bit of knowledge was demonstrably true( there would be no room for <uarreling schoolof thought( and knowledge about the physical world could be rapidly e>panded. $acon/s foresighhas proved correct.The world of knowledge( as a result( has been literally transformed by this special way of

channeling man/s intelligence. Almost all of the physical and material benefits mankind en"oys today are a product of this methoof science.0

P e&r+e allu, The )ira"le Ahead 6Ne/ Y&r$, E%anst&n, and 3&nd&n; Harer R&/,Du'lishers, >?9, . .

5n a /ay this s"ienti!i" meth&d &! thin$in+ is really n&thin+ ne/ and n&t s& unusual. <e use it &!ten in &ue%eryday ers&nal, 'usiness, and s&"ial r&'lems. The thin+ that ma$es the 'i+ di!!eren"e is the th&r&u

insisten"e that all $n&/led+e ass the test &! 'ein+ "he"$ed 'y &'ser%ati&n. )&st &! &ur e%erydaythin$in+ is a mi4ture &! all meth&ds &! thin$in+.

The s"ienti!i" meth&d is alm&st as 1&ld as the hills.1 5ma+ine a +r&u &! "a%e men er"hed &n a ri%er'an$, ar+uin+ /hether On$ &r #&n$ "an run !aster. TheyMll r&'a'ly use all &! the meth&ds &! thin$in+ th/e ha%e des"ri'ed a'&%e. They may +et the &ini&n &! the /ise men &! the tri'e 6re!eren"e t& auth&rity9TheyMll r&'a'ly ar+ue and ar+ue 6the use &! l&+i"9. On$ has 'i++er mus"les, 'ut #&n$ has l&n+er le+s,et". The /&rds /ill /hirl ar&und endlessly. Derhas &ne &! the /&men /ill use her intuiti&n and try t& i"the man that "an run !aster. Or they may use a meth&d t& settle the ar+ument that, un!&rtunately, is still/ith usGthey may !i+ht a'&ut it. The &ne /h& 'eats u the &ther &ne is assumed t& 'e ri+ht. This is the/ay &! the *un+le, and it is uni%ersally relied u&n 'y li&ns, ti+ers, /&l%es, et". Un!&rtunately, in &ur midt/entieth"entury /&rld alm&st all really 'i+ disutes 'et/een nati&ns are settled in this a+e&ld !ashi&n

N&ne &! the a'&%e meth&ds &! settlin+ the disute may 'e "alled s"ienti!i". The /&rds +& Mr&und andMr&und, the temers +& u and u, 'ut all this has %ery little t& d& /ith /h& "an run !aster. Finally, s&melittle +enius er"hed &n a 'ran"h interruts the s/eatin+ e&le 'el&/, 1<hy d&nMt /e let them runt& the 'i+ &a$ tree &%er there and see /h& is !asterL1 This +enius has r&&sed a meth&d &! settlin+ thedisute that /&uld r&'a'ly ena'le m&st reas&na'le men t& rea"h a+reement. 5t is the meth&d &! s"ien"5t is a meth&d that d&es n&t in%&l%e the use &! /&rds t& de"ide the r&'lem.

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The t/& men +et ready t& run. The si+nal is +i%en. They start runnin+. E%ery'&dy st&s ar+uin+ and star&'ser%in+. They are an4i&us t& $n&/ the !a"ts. They use their senses t& re&rt in!&rmati&n that /ill helthem de"ide. They /ill "are!ully n&te /hether On$ arri%es !irst, #&n$ arri%es !irst, &r /hether they '&th +there at the same time. The ar+ument as t& /hi"h "&uld run !aster is settled at that time 'y usin+ the

s"ienti!i" meth&d.

5! these "a%e men had +enerali2ed the less&n and had de"ided t& use &'ser%ati&n t& test all theirar+uments, r&'lems, ideas, and the&ries, the human ra"e "&uld ha%e de%el&ed t&dayMs "i%ili2ati&na'&ut !i!ty th&usand years a+&I They "&uld ha%e !&u+ht &ut all &! the at&mi" /ars and +&ne thr&u+h theun"&m!&rta'le transiti&n eri&ds a l&n+ time 'e!&re /e "ame &n the s"ene t& s/eat it &ut. (ut instead /!ind that man 'e"ame t&& intri+ued /ith %er'al intri"a"ies and de%el&ed the ha'it &! usin+ %er'al meant& de"ide 'et/een 1true1 and 1!alse.1

The ree$ hil&s&her Arist&tle had &ne &! the m&st 'rilliant minds the /&rld has e%er r&du"ed.A""&rdin+ t& s&me an"ient auth&rs, he /r&te ,888 %&lumes that "&%ered ra"ti"ally e%ery !ield &!

learnin+. <hen Arist&tle /as /ritin+ &n hysi"s, he e4lained that a hea%y &'*e"t /&uld !all !aster than ali+ht &'*e"t &! the same shae and material. This %er'al "&n"lusi&n seemed s& natural and &'%i&us t&himI H&/ silly t& '&ther /ith testin+. He *ust reas&ned it &ut in a /ay that seemed l&+i"al. <ei+ht ma$esthin+s !all. There!&re, the m&re /ei+ht, the !aster the !all. Seems reas&na'le, d&esnMt itL Arist&tle hadmany assistants, and it /&uld ha%e 'een %ery easy !&r him t& "he"$ this 'y a"tually dr&in+ a li+ht r&"$and a hea%y r&"$ !r&m the t& &! the Darthen&n. (ut he did n&t deend &n the s"ienti!i" meth&d !&r"he"$in+ his thin$in+. He li$ed t& r&%e thin+s rati&nally, l&+i"ally, intelle"tually. He didnMt $n&/ it /asne"essary t& test the results &! his 'rilliant mind 'y &'ser%ati&n.

Y&u and 5 l&st t/& th&usand years &! r&+ress 'e"ause &! this n&ns"ienti!i" attitude &! Arist&tleMs a+e. 5nthe si4teenth "entury alile& 'e+an t& /&nder a'&ut the redi"ta'ility &! Arist&tleMs the&ry &! !allin+&'*e"ts. (ut he didnMt re!ute Arist&tle /ith intelle"tual ar+ument. He used the s"ienti!i" meth&d !&r"he"$in+ it &ut. He let the !a"ts sea$ !&r themsel%es. 5nstead &! 1settlin+1 the r&'lem 'y /&rds, hedr&ed a hea%y /ei+ht and a li+ht /ei+ht at the same time. They '&th hit the +r&und simultane&usly.1Nature1 had s&$en. Sane e&le st&ed ar+uin+ a'&ut the r&'lem. Re+ardless &! h&/ ill&+i"al itmi+ht seem t& us, the !a"ts are that the /ei+ht &! an &'*e"t, under standard "&nditi&ns, d&es n&tdetermine the rate at /hi"h it !alls.

<hen /e test &ur ideas 'y &ur senses, /e "an +& !&r/ard. <e "an 'uild use!ul stru"tures &! relia'le$n&/led+e. <e "an redi"t. The uns"ienti!i" tenden"y t& 'elie%e /ith&ut testin+ is n&t, alas, "&n!ined t&the An"ient ree$s. 1)en are at t& 'e mu"h m&re in!luen"ed 'y /&rds,1 said the !am&us s"ientistDa%l&%, 1then 'y the a"tual !a"ts &! the surr&undin+ reality.1

Sc+ent+/+c ethodo"o#y

S"ienti!i" thin$in+ may 'e '&iled d&/n t& three stes;

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oming =p with 2ew &deas. <e use &ur ima+inati&n, intuiti&n, mem&ry, et". t& su++est /ays &! e4lainin+ &r s&l%in+ a r&'lem.

!rocessing &deas #entally.

<e analy2e &ur th&u+hts t& determine a /ay t& test them 'y &'ser%ati&n. (y l&+i" /e "an determine h&//ell &ur 'rain "hild !its in /ith $n&/n !a"ts. <e "an try t& !i+ure &ut intelle"tually h&/ /ell it /ill /&r$.<hat /ill 'e its "&nse0uen"esL

Testing by ?bservation. A!ter /e ha%e !&und a &ssi'le ne/ s&luti&n t& &ur r&'lem, e4l&red it, and !i+ured &ut a /ay t& "he"$ /e are then ready t& ta$e the third ste /hi"h /ill ma$e &ur thin$in+ s"ienti!i". This is testin+ 'y&'ser%ati&n. This is /here /e shut u and let &'ser%a'le !a"ts d& the tal$in+.

&he Sc+ent+/+c ethod +n Act+on

Su&se y&u /ere t& +et int& an ar+ument /ith s&me&ne a'&ut /hether a "hamele&n /ill "han+e its "&t& mat"h its surr&undin+s. Derhas y&u ha%e heard the tale &! a "hamele&n that /ent "ra2y tryin+ t&mat"h a S"&t"h laid. N&/, i! y&u /&uld /ant t& ursue this matter in an ar+umentati%e &r hil&s&hi"al!ashi&n, y&u "&uld *ust stand ar&und /hirlin+ the /&rds all day and ni+ht. (ut i! y&u !elt li$e +ettin+ use!uin!&rmati&n &n the matter, then it /&uld 'e time t& st& tal$in+ and start d&in+. Y&u /&uld 'ide y&ur timeuntil y&u "&uld r&und u &ne &r m&re "hamele&ns. Then y&u /&uld let them dem&nstrate their alle+ed&/ers &! mat"hin+ their 'a"$+r&und. De&le /h& ha%e the s"ienti!i" ha'it &! lettin+ the !a"ts sea$ !&rthemsel%es ha%e &'ser%ed that a "hamele&n "an n& m&re i"$ its "&l&r than a 2e'ra "an i"$ its stries<hen these e&le "he"$ thin+s &ut, they !ind that a "hamele&n turns +reen /hen it is e4"ited,

!ri+htened, an+ered, aslee, &r dead. 5t turns 'r&/n in res&nse t& l&/ temeratures, hun+er, and str&nsunli+ht. 5! y&u ta$e a +reen "hamele&n and thr&/ it int& the i"e'&4, it /ill ta$e a'&ut three minutes !&r itt& "han+e !r&m +reen t& 'r&/n.

5! an ar+umentati%e ers&n /ere t& use his l&+i"al a'ility and de'ate the su'*e"t &! h&/ "hamele&nssh&uld a"t, it /&uld 'e hard t& "&n%in"e him that "hamele&ns d&nMt +i%e a h&&t a'&ut mat"hin+ their'a"$+r&unds. 5! y&u "&uld ersuade him t& "he"$ his th&u+hts 'y &'ser%ati&n, he /&uld !ind that a +reeli2ard is er!e"tly "&m!&rta'le &n a 'r&/n 'a"$+r&und and a 'r&/n li2ard is er!e"tly at h&me &n a +reen'a"$+r&und. HeMll e%en let y&u h&t&+rah him that /ay.

Any&ne /h& tests his th&u+hts 'y usin+ his eyes, ears, t&u"h, smell, &r taste is usin+ the meth&d &!s"ien"e. 1The s"ienti!i" meth&d,1 says Stuart Chase;

is concerned with how things do happen( not how they ought to happen. 4nowledge of the waythings do happen( with no ifs( ands( or buts( allows us to deal more effectively with ourenvironment. The method is no more an e>clusive matter for professionals than it is a matter ofwhite coats and goggles. #ost of us are amateur scientists today( though we are seldom aware oit. . . . The scientific method is not primarily a matter of laboratories and atom-smashers or even

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meter sticks9 it is a way of looking at things( a way of gathering from the world outside knowledgewhich will stay put( and not go wandering off like the wickets in Alice/s cro<uet game.0

0 tuart hase( Tyranny of %ords 12ew York3 Harcourt $race and ompany( 56;87( pp. 5);-).Beprinted by permission of Harcourt( $race J %orld( &nc.

)any e&le ha%e "&n!used the s"ienti!i" meth&d /ith la'&rat&ries and test tu'es. (ut a la'&rat&ry is &na r&&m /here there are se"ial de%i"es !&r turnin+ u !a"ts. Charles #ar/in, /h& is re+arded as &ne &!the /&rldMs +reatest s"ientists, did n&t use a la'&rat&ry. The /&rld /as his la'&rat&ry. He needed n&se"ial aaratus t& un"&%er the !a"ts that su++ested and "&n!irmed his the&ry &! e%&luti&n. The s"ienti!meth&d is an attitudeGa d&++ed insisten"e that n& matter h&/ ri+ht s&methin+ s&unds, /eMre +&in+ t&"he"$ it &ut 'y &'ser%ati&n. S&metimes this means tests, and s&metimes it &nly means &enin+ &ur eyet& &'ser%e !a"ts that ha%e 'een ar&und us !&r years. S&, i! y&u /ant t& '&il d&/n the meth&d &! s"ien"e &ne /&rd, itMs simly testing .

As man rea"hes &ut t&/ard the t/enty!irst "entury, he /ill learn t& 'e susi"i&us &! all ideas that are n&!&rmulated s& that they "an 'e tested 'y &'ser%ati&n. He /ill reali2e that the hist&ry &! human th&u+htsh&/s that the ideas &! /hi"h /e are surest are the &nes /e m&st need t& test. He /ill reali2e that his"&mm&n sense &nly mirr&rs his trainin+ and e4erien"e. <hat seems natural and ri+ht t& him is usually re!le"ti&n &! the "&nditi&ns under /hi"h he sent his !irst de"ade &! li!e.

Ne/ +enerati&ns, /h& /ill li%e and 'reathe the s"ienti!i" sirit, /ill sulant us. Dre*udi"e, +rassh&erli$e +uessin+, and em&ti&nal thin$in+ /ill 'e rare. De&le &! the !uture /ill, as su++ested 'y J&hn #e/eya"hie%e, 1. . . the ha'it &! susended *ud+ment, &! s$eti"ism, &! desire !&r e%iden"e, &! aeal t&&'ser%ati&n rather than sentiment, dis"ussi&n rather than 'ias, in0uiry rather than "&n%enti&nal

ideali2ati&ns.1 They /ill $n&/ /hen !urther l&+i"al maniulati&n is !ruitless. They /ill $n&/ /hen t& st&dis"ussin+ and "he"$ the !a"ts. They /ill 'e li$e the r&%er'ial 1)an !r&m )iss&uri1Gsh&/ me. 5! they/ant t& $n&/ /hether a uddin+Ms +&&d, they /&nMt *ust read the re"ie:

they $n&/ that 1the r&&! &! the uddin+ is in the eatin+.1 They /ill !eel, as Karl Dears&n d&es, that,1There is n& sh&rt "ut t& truth, n& /ay t& +ain a $n&/led+e &! the uni%erse e4"et thr&u+h the +ate/ay &s"ienti!i" meth&d.1

Att+tudes that 'e"* )s Dee"o* Re"+ab"e Kno!"ed#e

5n his '&&$ H&/ t& #e%el& Y&ur Thin$in+ A'ility &ne &! the auth&rs has des"ri'ed in detail h&/ thes"ienti!i" meth&d &! th&u+ht "an 'e used in meetin+ e%eryday li!e r&'lems.P

P Kenneth S. Keyes, Jr., H&/ t& #e%el& Y&ur Thin$in+ A'ility 6Ne/ Y&r$; )"ra/ Hill Du'lishin+ C&.,>89.

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)en, /&men, and "hildren in the t/enty!irst"entury /&rld /ill r&'a'ly use these &r similar te"hni0uesma$e the s"ienti!i" sirit a /ay &! li!e, n&t *ust s&methin+ they use e%ery n&/ and then. They /ill h&ldideas tentati%ely, n&t as 'asti&ns t& 'e de!ended, 'ut as t&&ls t& 'e imr&%ed. They /ill $ee their eyesand minds &en t& !ind !a"ts that d& n&t su&rt their &ints &! %ie/, !&r "&ntrary !a"ts may lead them t&

!&rmulati&ns that ha%e +reater redi"ta'ility.

(e"ause &! limitati&ns in &ur sens&ry and "&rti"al e0uiment, n& &ne "an $n&/ all a'&ut anythin+ in this/&rld. All &! &ur senses are limited in ran+e. #&+s "an hear hi+herit"hed s&unds than /e "an. Our eye"an see &nly a small art &! the ele"tr&ma+neti" se"trum. Edis&n said, 1<e d&nMt $n&/ &nemilli&nth &!&ne er "ent a'&ut anythin+.1 Sin"e /e "anMt $n&/ all there is t& $n&/ a'&ut anythin+ /e must al/ays$ee an &en mind !&r im&rtant !a"t&rs that ha%e 'een le!t &ut &! &ur thin$in+. <endell J&hns&n &inted&ut, 1An attitude &! this $indGMY&u "anMt tell me anythin+ a'&ut thatMGhas an e!!e"t 0uite similar t& that &a us sa" in the 'rain.1

The /&rld in /hi"h /e li%e is "&nstantly "han+in+. N& &'*e"t in this /&rld is /ith&ut "han+e. 1The /&rld

r&lls,1 said Ralh <ald& Emers&n, 1the "ir"umstan"es %ary e%ery h&ur.1 On the at&mi" le%el all /e ha%em&ti&n and dynamismGeretual slitse"&nd "han+e. 5! /e /&uld a"t in /ays that are e!!e"ti%e and'rin+ us the m&st hainess, /e must train &ur senses t& s"an the /&rld ar&und us "&nstantly t& dete"tthin+s that may ha%e "han+ed in a si+ni!i"ant /ay. Al!red N&rth <hitehead said, 1Kn&/led+e $ees n&'etter than !ish.1

An&ther thin+ that hels us a"hie%e the s"ienti!i" sirit is t& remem'er that n& t/& thin+s in this /&rld ara's&lutely identi"al. T/& thin+s may 'e similar !&r &ur ur&se, 'ut the "l&ser /e l&&$, the m&redi!!eren"es /e !ind. <e 'e"&me re*udi"ed /hen /e lum a +r&u &! e&le under a sin+le la'el andthen res&nd t& indi%iduals as th&u+h they ha%e the same "hara"teristi"s as the la'el. Only &en eyesand &en minds are reared t& "&e /ith a /&rld in /hi"h n& t/& thin+s are ali$e. The /&rds /e useimly similarity. <e must use &ur eyes and ears t& remind us &! di!!eren"es that are im&rtant !&r &urur&se.

)en, /&men, and "hildren in the t/enty!irst "entury /ill learn t& thin$ in terms &! de+rees. The lan+ua+/e use &!ten imlies &lar &&sitesG+&&d &r 'ad, true &r !alse, 'eauti!ul &r u+ly, !ast &r sl&/, 'la"$ &r/hite. (ut the /&rld in /hi"h /e li%e usually sh&/s a lar+e num'er &! de+rees 'et/een e4tremes.

5! /e are t& 'e as rela4ed and hay as &ssi'le, &ur th&u+hts must ade0uately re!le"t the reality ar&undus. And /e "anMt d& that 'y ma$in+ 'la"$ and /hite statements i! the area t& /hi"h /e are re!errin+"&ntains shades &! +rey.

5ndi%iduals in the t/enty!irst "entury /ill learn t& thin$ in terms &! r&'a'ility. They /ill reali2e that manmust re+ard all his $n&/led+e as m&re &r less r&'a'le. 1A's&lute "ertainty,1 said C. J. Keyser, 1is ari%ile+e &! unedu"ated mindsGand !anati"s. 5t is, !&r s"ienti!i" !&l$s, an unattaina'le ideal.1 Thee&le &! the !uture /ill thin$ &! their ideas in terms &! an as"endin+ s"ale &! r&'a'ility, ran+in+ !r&m,1This seems m&st unli$ely,1 thr&u+h, 1This may 'e &r may n&t 'e "&n!irmed 'y !urther &'ser%ati&n,1 t&,1This has a %ery hi+h de+ree &! r&'a'ility.1

<hen e&le adat their thin$in+ t& the de+ree nature &! &ur /&rld, they /ill 'e m&re rela4ed. They /ill

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m&re e!!e"ti%e at l&"atin+ and ad&tin+, 'ut al/ays tentati%ely, the &ints&!%ie/ that 'est reresent the/&rld a'&ut them. 1A truly s"ienti!i" attitude,1 said #r. R&+er <illiams, 1is &ne &! humility. . .

A $n&/itall attitude is in"&mati'le /ith the s"ienti!i" meth&d.1 indi%iduals in the t/enty!irst "entury /i'e a"utely a/are &! the /ay their &/n ner%&us system in!luen"es their &'ser%ati&ns and rea"ti&ns. <e

see li!e thr&u+h the !ilter &! &ur &/n indi%idual ers&nality and m&de &! thin$in+. E%en the lan+ua+estru"ture that /e a's&r' lays an im&rtant art in h&/ /e thin$ and the /ay /e &'ser%e thin+s. Our e+needs lay a 'i+ art in sele"tin+ /hat /e n&ti"e, !ail t& n&ti"e, remem'er, &r !&r+et. 1<e see thin+s n&tas they are,1 said the /ise man, 1'ut as /e are.1

5ndi%iduals in the t/enty!irst"entury /&rld /ill ha%e a r& !&und !eelin+ &! the /ay all e&le and allthin+s intera"t /ith their en%ir&nment. De&le &r thin+s are n&t "utanddried entities. The /ay they a"t%aries deendin+ &n the time and la"e. <e must n&ti"e di!!eren"es. <endell J&hns&n said, 1T& am&use, "heese is "heese. That is /hy m&use tras are e!!e"ti%e.1

(er Loe"+er Wor"ds

The su""ess &! the meth&d &! s"ien"e in s&l%in+ alm&st e%ery r&'lem ut t& it /ill +i%e indi%iduals in thet/enty!irst "entury a dee "&n!iden"e in its e!!e"ti%eness. They /ill n&t 'e a!raid t& e4eriment /ith ne//ays &! !eelin+, thin$in+, and a"tin+, !&r they /ill ha%e &'ser%ed the sel!"&rre"ti%e ase"t &! s"ien"e.S"ien"e +i%es us the latest /&rd, n&t the last /&rd. They /ill $n&/ that i! they try s&methin+ ne/ iners&nal &r s&"ial li!e, the hainess it yields "an 'e determined a!ter su!!i"ient e4erien"e hasa""umulated. They /ill adat t& "han+es in a rela4ed /ay as they 2i+2a+ t&/ard the a"hie%ement &! the

%alues. They /ill $n&/ that there are 'etter /ays &! d&in+ thin+s than ha%e 'een used in the ast, andthey /ill 'e determined t& e4eriment until they ha%e !&und them. They /ill $n&/ that m&st &! theunhainess &! human 'ein+s in the midt/entieth "entury /as n&t due t& the la"$ &! shiny ne/ +ad+etsit /as due, in art, t& n&t usin+ the s"ienti!i" meth&d t& "he"$ &ut ne/ &liti"al and s&"ial stru"tures that"&uld ha%e yielded +reater hainess !&r them.

A'&ut a "entury a+& A'raham 3in"&ln 'rilliantly e4ressed the attitudes that /ill m&st e!!e"ti%ely hel us/&r$ t&/ard a haier !uture; 1The d&+mas &! the 0uiet ast are inade0uate t& the st&rmy resent. The&""asi&n is iled hi+h /ith di!!i"ulty, and /e must rise /ith the &""asi&n. As &ur "ase is ne/, s& /e musthin$ ane/ and a"t ane/.1

Future +enerati&ns &! man$ind /ill reali2e that it is &nly thr&u+h the s"ienti!i" meth&d &! thin$in+ that the%alue systems "an 'e !ully reali2ed. They /ill /el"&me e4erimentati&n &! all $inds in all hases &! li!e.They /ill ha%e a ha'itual &enmindedness "&uled /ith a ri+id insisten"e that all r&'lems 'e!&rmulated in a /ay that ermits !a"tual "he"$in+. They /ill ha%e the attitude des"ri'ed 'y <endellJ&hns&n, 1T& a s"ientist a the&ry is s&methin+ t& 'e tested. He see$s n&t t& de!end his 'elie!s, 'ut t&imr&%e them. He is, a'&%e e%erythin+ else, an e4ert at M"han+in+ his mind.M 1P

P <endell J&hns&n, De&le in Quandaries 6Ne/ Y&r$; Harer (r&ther >?9, . >. M

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The aram&unt r&le that the meth&d &! s"ien"e /ill lay in helin+ us a"hie%e 13i!e, 3i'erty, and theDursuit &! Hainess1 /as el&0uently e4ressed 'y Herman J. )ller;

Above all( the spirit of science is the spirit of progress. . . .&t can afford men ever newer horiGons and higher peaks to climb( materially( mentally( andspiritually. &t can afford ever greater and more inspiring opportunities for cooperative as well asindividual achievement. &ts pathway leads not only outwards into space and to other worlds thanours( but also inwards into the recesses of life( of the mind( and of the heart. $y its means we wilourselves assume the role of creators of ever lovelier worlds and more sublime beings.00

PP Herman J. )ller, 1. . . There!&re Ch&&se 3i!e1 6Santa (ar'ara, Cali!&rnia; Center !&r the Study&! #em&"rati" 5nstituti&ns, >?9, . -.

?.Cy'ernated Te"hn&l&+y

H&/ /&uld y&u li$e t& ha%e a +uaranteed li!e in"&me &! 88,888 er yearG/ith n& ta4esL And h&//&uld y&u li$e t& earn this in"&me 'y /&r$in+ a threeh&ur day, &ne day er /ee$, !&r a !i%eyear eri&d&! y&ur li!e, r&%idin+ y&u ha%e a si4m&nths %a"ati&n ea"h yearL S&und !antasti"L N&t at all /ith m&derte"hn&l&+y. This is n&t t/enty!irst"entury ieinthes$y. 5t "&uld r&'a'ly 'e a"hie%ed in ten years in thUnited States i! /e alied e%erythin+ /e n&/ $n&/ a'&ut aut&mati&n and "&muters t& r&du"e a"y'ernated s&"iety. 5t r&'a'ly /&nMt 'e d&ne this raidly, !&r it /&uld ta$e s&me m&dern thin$in+ alie

in an intelli+ent "rash r&+ram. Su"h a "rash r&+ram /as laun"hed t& de%el& the at&mi" '&m' in a litt&%er !&ur years.

5t mi+ht &ther/ise ha%e ta$en thirty years. <e +et m&%in+ i! /eMre threatened, 'ut /e "he/ the !at a l&n+time /hen it "&mes t& "&nstru"ti%e imr&%ements in human a!!airs.

Y&u /ill re"all that there are three !a"t&rs that /ill lay a %ital r&le in the e%&luti&n &! &ur "i%ili2ati&n. One&ur %alue system. An&ther !a"t&r is &ur meth&d &! thin$in+. The third is the state &! &ur te"hn&l&+yGthemeth&ds and ma"hines !&r r&du"in+ +&&ds and ser%i"es. The te"hn&l&+i"al /a%e &! the !uture /illin%&l%e aut&mated ma"hines +uided 'y "&muters.

<hen Queen Julianna &! the Netherlands sa/ a dem&nstrati&n &! an ele"tr&ni" "&muter at anAmsterdam e4hi'iti&n, she said, 15 "anMt understand it. 5 "anMt e%en understand the e&le /h& "anunderstand it.1 (ut the situati&n isnMt really as 'ad as the 0ueen imlies. 5t isnMt ne"essary t& understandh&/ a "&muter /&r$s any m&re than it is ne"essary t& understand h&/ the internal "&m'usti&n en+ine y&ur "ar /&r$s !&r y&u t& en*&y the 'ene!its &! the aut&m&ti%e a+e. The im&rtant thin+ is that /eunderstand the e!!e"ts &! aut&mati&n and "&muters. And thatMs /hat this "hater is a'&ut.

1The ele"tr&ni" "&muter,1 says #r. 3&uis T. Rader, a %i"eresident &! eneral Ele"tri", 1may ha%e a

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m&re 'ene!i"ial &tential !&r the human ra"e than any &ther in%enti&n in hist&ry, Sir 3e&n (a+rit, /h& isthe head &! (ritainMs Elli&tAut&mati&n, has said that the "&muter and aut&mati&n /ill 'rin+, 1the +reatest "han+e in the /h&le hist&ry &! man$ind.1 3etMs !ind &ut /hat theyMre tal$in+ a'&ut.

Aut&mati&n simly means rela"in+ human hands and !eet 'y ma"hines that d& the same *&'G&nly

'etter. C&muters t&day rela"e human 'rains /ith ele"tr&ni" e0uiment that maniulates !i+ures, ma$er&+rammed de"isi&ns, and +i%es instru"ti&ns !ar m&re e!!i"iently than any human. Cy'ernati&n meansthe "&ntr&l &! the entire !a"t&ry 'y a "&muter that a"ts in la"e &! the '&ss.

Dee"o*$ent o/ Auto$at+on

The ur&se &! ma"hines is t& li+hten the 'urden &! /&r$. Su&se there /ere n& ma"hines. 5n su"h a

s&"iety a ers&n mi+ht ha%e t& /&r$ !r&m 88 t& 788 days er year *ust t& +et en&u+h !&&d !&r himsel!. Tr&du"e e%en a shirt t& "&%er his 'a"$ "&uld re0uire &%er 88 h&urs &! la'&rI Su&se y&u /&uld ha%e tr&du"e a shirt under rimiti%e "&nditi&ns. H&/ many h&urs /&uld y&u send rearin+ s&il and +r&/in+the "&tt&nL A!ter the "&tt&n 'l&&med y&uMd ha%e t& i"$ it, tease &ut the seed, and sin the !i'er int&thread. On"e y&u ha%e en&u+h thread, y&u "&uld /ea%e it int& "l&th. Then y&u /&uld need t& "ut the "l&int& the !&rm &! a shirt and se/ it t&+ether. 5ma+ine the am&unt &! time it /&uld ta$e i! y&ur &nly t&&ls /ea h&e, a $ni!e, and a needle.

The time needed t& r&du"e a shirt t&&$ a n&se di%e 'a"$ in the ei+hteenth and nineteenth "enturies/hen mu"h &! the /&r$ 'e"ame me"hani2ed and "&n"entrated in !a"t&ries. The de%el&ment &! the"&tt&n +in, /hi"h searated the seed !r&m the /hite "&tt&n !i'er, the in%enti&n &! ma"hinery that made

thread, and the desi+n &! l&&ms that /&%e the thread int& "l&th ena'led a 'etter shirt t& 'e manu!a"tured/ith &nly se%eral h&urs &! human la'&r. T&day a shirt may reresent &nly a little &%er &ne h&ur &! humantime !r&m seed t& salesmanI

5n the t/entieth "entury mass r&du"ti&n /ith assem'ly lines and imr&%ed ma"hinery +reatly redu"edthe "&st &! r&du"in+ +&&ds. Aut&mati&n is 'ased &n all &! the rin"iles &! me"hani2ati&n and massr&du"ti&n, 'ut it +&es &ne ste !urther. Dre%i&usly !a"t&ries needed humans t& &erate ea"h ma"hine.Aut&mated ma"hines &erate themsel%es. Thr&u+h 1!eed'a"$1 me"hanisms they &'ser%e /hat they ared&in+. They +i%e themsel%es instru"ti&ns, and they "he"$ &n the 0uality &! their &utut. They /&r$ !asterand at seeds that /&uld $ill a human. They d&nMt +et tired and they d&nMt !&r+et. They ne%er +& &ut &nstri$e &r as$ !&r ay in"reases. Fa"t&ry desi+n is simli!ied. Aut&mati" ma"hines d&nMt need ar$in+ l&tsair "&nditi&nin+, 'ri+ht li+htin+, /ash r&&ms, lun"hr&&ms, &r "&!!ee 'rea$s. They d&nMt e%en need'uildin+s !&r many tyes &! /&r$.

Aut&mati" ma"hines ha%e 'een, &r s&&n /ill 'e, desi+ned t& er!&rm alm&st any "&n"ei%a'le tas$ d&ne'y human 'ein+s. Sin"e /e ha%e &nly t/& hands, it is &ssi'le t& desi+n aut&mati" ma"hines that /ill !ae4"eed the maniulati%e a'ility &! a human. 5n >? U.S. 5ndustries ann&un"ed that they had de%el&edthe !irst +eneralur&se aut&mati&n ma"hine at a ri"e &! ar&und 7,88. 5t is "alled the Trans!eR&'&t.5ts s/in+in+ arm and hand is in!initely sueri&r t& any human arm &r hand. 5t ne%er +ets tired, and the

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ele"tr&ni" 'rain +uidin+ it seld&m +&&!s &!!. 5t i"$s thin+s u and uts them d&/n /ith an a""ura"y &! t/th&usandths &! an in"hI The <est"l&4 C&r&rati&n &! 3aSalle, 5llin&is, uses the Trans!eR&'&t t& &il "l&"$assem'lies as they seed 'y &n a "&n%ey&r 'elt. 5t &ils ei+ht re"isi&n 'earin+s in a se"&nd. At theUnder/&&d C&r&rati&n tye/riter lant in Hart!&rd, the r&'&t i"$s u and inserts a small tye/riter"&m&nent int& a "l&se!ittin+ nest. The hand &! the Trans!eR&'&t "an 'e ad*usted t& s&methin+ m&re

tender than a l&%erMs "aress, &r it "an +ra' thin+s /ith the !&r"e &! a %i"e. 5t "an use me"hani"al !in+ers &ele"tr&ma+nets. F&r &&2y stu!! su"h as "h&"&late "reams, it uses a +entle %a"uum.

J&hn Snyder, the ma$er &! the Trans!eR&'&t, says;

o far we have not been able to find any material or any shape or any siGe it can/t handle. . . . %built an automated stamping line for 2issan #otors in Oapan. &t has si> presses with TransfeBobotype machines to take the stuff out of one press and feed it to the ne>t. ?ne man watches rawsheet metal go in and one more watches finished fenders come out. &t replaces( oh( maybe )* maltogether. $ut that/s not all. You could e>tend the process right up to bolting the fender to a car.:ven considering how cheap labor is in Oapan( the thing saves money.

'+story o/ Co$*uters

Just as aut&mated ma"hinery rela"es the tired mus"les &! man, "&muters are 'ein+ de%el&ed that "arela"e the '&red minds &! men /h& are en+a+ed in the reetiti%e r&du"ti&n &! +&&ds and ser%i"es in &industrial s&"iety. And *ust as aut&mated ma"hinery d&es a 'etter *&' &n reetiti%e tas$s than the humanhand, a "&muter &uter!&rms a human mind. The "ir"uits in an ele"tr&ni" "&muter "an res&nd in lessthan a milli&nth &! a se"&nd. This is &%er a th&usand times !aster than it ta$es the neur&ns in &ur 'rains

res&nd t& in"&min+ stimuli. R&'ert The&'ald has &inted &ut, 1. . . in the near !uture /e /ill see that the"&muter "an ta$e &%er any stru"tured tas$ . . .1

)an /&r$ed t&/ard the de%el&ment &! a "&muter !&r a l&n+ time. The simle a'a"us &! an"ient times/as a !irst ste. 5n ?- &tt!ried 3ei'nit2 tried unsu""ess!ully t& in%ent a me"hani"al "al"ulatin+ma"hine. 15t is un/&rthy &! e4"ellent men,1 he /r&te, 1t& l&se h&urs li$e sla%es in the la'&r &! "al"ulati&nAn En+lishman named Charles (a''a+e /&r$ed &ut many &! the rin"iles &! m&dern me"hani"al"al"ulatin+ ma"hines in @, 'ut he /as una'le t& r&du"e a su""ess!ul m&del 'e"ause the te"hn&l&+y&! his time "&uld n&t turn &ut a""urate +ears. 5t /as n&t until > that the !irst true "&muter /asr&du"ed 'y H&/ard Ai$en, a r&!ess&r at Har%ard Uni%ersity. 5t is a sad re!le"ti&n &! &ur times that thisi&neerin+ "&muter /as used t& "&mute /ea&n tra*e"t&ries !&r the U.S. Na%y.

Ai$enMs !irst "&muter /as s&&n &%ershad&/ed 'y the !am&us EN5AC, de%el&ed at the Uni%ersity &!Dennsyl%ania. Th&u+h a +reat imr&%ement, EN 5 AC had @,888 %a"uum tu'es, /as unrelia'le, and t&&t&& mu"h sa"e. C&muters 'e+an t& trim their /aistlines and seed u their &erati&ns a'&ut >@/hen small relia'le transist&rs and &ther s&lidstate "&m&nents rela"ed the %a"uum tu'es. C&mutert&day "an multily a hal!milli&n tendi+it num'ers in a se"&nd. )any "&muters "an ma$e m&re"al"ulati&ns in an h&ur than an audit&rium !ull &! mathemati"ians "&uld a""&mlish in their li!etime. 5n> there /ere under 88 "&muters in &erati&n in the United States. (y >? the num'er had *ume

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t& 77,88 and is "&nstantly a""eleratin+. S&me "&manies use u t& 788 &! them.

As l&n+ a+& as >> the SerryRand C&r&rati&n r&du"ed a "&muter that /as a'le t& handle 78,88additi&ns and su'tra"ti&ns &! t/el%edi+it num'ers er se"&nd. This ena'les it t& ma$e u a m&nthlyayr&ll !&r ,888 eml&yees in &nly !i!teen h&urs. Dre%i&usly, it t&&$ 8 t& >88 h&urs t& d& this *&'.

Sin"e &nly a art &! the "ir"uits &! the "&muter are used /hile "al"ulatin+ a ayr&ll, it "an simultane&uss&l%e s"ienti!i" r&'lems &n the sideI

(y >? "&muters had 'een used in m&re than -88 se"i!i" tas$s. At the time y&u read this a+e thisnum'er /ill ha%e in"reased en&rm&usly. )a*&r airlines use "&muters t& +i%e instant in!&rmati&n &n seaa%aila'le &n all !li+hts. St&"$ E4"han+es use "&muters t& +i%e instant st&"$ 0u&tati&ns. C&muters aren&/ 'usy settin+ ne/saer tye, a/in+ &%er &ur in"&me ta4 returns, "&ntr&llin+ the !l&/ &! ele"tri"ity &m&st &/er "&manies, helin+ y&u ma$e l&n+ distan"e h&ne "alls 'y !erretin+ &ut a%aila'le "ir"uits,na%i+atin+ lanes and shis, and r&%idin+ railr&ads /ith instant in!&rmati&n &n /here their !rei+ht "arsare hidin+ &ut. C&muters "an land a lane in !&++y /eather /ith&ut any human hel. Our sa"e shisthat &r'it the earth, sy &n the m&&n, and /hi2 'y the lanets are hi+hly deendent &n "&muters !r&m

the desi+n '&ard t& the !inal in"h &! their se"ta"ular !li+hts. )u"h &! t&dayMs 'usiness, +&%ernment, ands"ien"e /&uld 'e araly2ed i! the "&muters /ere e%er t& demand a %a"ati&n.

5t has 'een estimated that i! there /ere n& "&muters, the h&ne "&many /&uld n&/ ha%e t& hire all th/&r$in+ /&men in the "&untry *ust t& handle the !l&&d &! "alls. C&muters t&day "&ntr&l the r&du"ti&nma"hinery in the etr&"hemi"al, etr&leum, aer, and steel industries. At <estern Ele"tri"Ms 1Dlant &!T&m&rr&/1 "&muters handle the 'illin+, shiin+, and /areh&usin+: they &rder materials, /rite "he"$s,and de"ide /hat t& manu!a"ture and h&/ many. Time ma+a2ine has &inted &ut;

omputers have helped scientists to discover more than 5** new subatomic particles( and arebusy analyGing strange radio signals from outer space. $iochemists have used the computer to

delve into the hitherto unassailable secrets of the human cell( and hospitals have begun to use it monitor the condition of patients. omputers now read electrocardiograms faster and moreaccurately than a "ury of physicians. The Los Angeles police department plans to use computers keep a collection of useful details about crimes and an electronic rogue/s gallery of knowncriminals. And in a growing number of schools( computers have taken "obs as instructors inlanguages( history and mathematics.0

P1Te"hn&l&+y,1 Time, Aril 7, >?, . @?. C&urtesy T5)E: C&yri+ht Time 5n"., >?.

Alth&u+h re"ently in%ented, "&muters are raidly trans!&rmin+ &ur "i%ili2ati&n. 15n a Chi"a+& radi& lanta""&rdin+ t& <alter (u"$in+ham;

5*** radios a day now are assembled by two men where two hundred had been re<uired beforeautomation. The du!ont ompany( using a computer at #.&.T.( solved in thirty hours a chemical

problem that would have re<uired one man( working forty hours a week for twenty years to do thearithmetic alone.At the &nstitute for Advanced tudy at !rinceton an electronic computer works ouweather predictions in three hours that would take one man with an adding machine three

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centuries.&n these last two cases( the "ob would not have been practical or economical to tacklewithout automation.0

0 %alter $uckingham( Automation 12ew York3 Harper J Bow( 56+;7( pp.),-8

A 'a$ery is 'ein+ aut&mated s& that +rain deli%ered t& the sil& is n&t t&u"hed 'y human hands until thel&a%es &! 'read are ready !&r deli%ery. One 'a$ery run 'y &ne man "&uld suly the needs &! an entirestate. A l&"al uni&n /ith ,88 mem'ers in >> had &nly 8 in >?. S&&n their lant /ill 'e aut&mate!urther, and there /ill 'e &nly t/enty!i%e /&r$ers, r&du"in+ t/i"e as mu"h as 'e!&re. Uni&n leaderst&day are deserately /&rried a'&ut the li%elih&&d &! their mem'ers. Ne%ertheless, &ne uni&n isaut&matin+ its head0uarters and redu"in+ the sta!! !r&m si4ty t& &nly si4 +irls. <hen 0ui22ed a'&ut thisaarent "&ntradi"ti&n, the uni&n &!!i"ial e4lained that, 1(usiness is 'usiness.1

Cybernat+on

Cy'ernati&n has 'een des"ri'ed as the /eddin+ &! aut&mated ma"hines /ith "&muters. <hen y&u e0ua !a"t&ry /ith aut&mated ma"hinery that is "&ntr&lled 'y a "&muter, y&u ha%e ta$en the /&r$ &ut &!r&du"ti&n. There is little !&r e&le t& d& 'ut turn the ma"hinery &n, ste aside, and let it d& the /&r$.

F&r e4amle, an aut&mated "leanin+ !luid lant /ill ha%e ma"hines that mi4 and '&ttle the stu!!. <hen"y'ernated, this lant /ill use a "&muter that is ele"tri"ally "&nne"ted t& e%ery ma"hine, e%ery st&ra+e

'in, and e%ery &eratin+ me"hanism in the entire lant. The "&muter /ill ha%e at all times !ull data &n/hat is haenin+ thr&u+h&ut the lant. 5t /ill di+est this in!&rmati&n and +i%e instru"ti&ns "&ntinu&usly t$ee all arts &! the lant &eratin+ at ma4imum e!!i"ien"y. 5t /ill ha%e a 'etter +ras &! /hat ishaenin+ se"&nd 'y se"&nd thr&u+h&ut the entire !a"t&ry than any '&ss "&uld &ssi'ly ha%e. 5t ne%erta$es a "&!!ee 'rea$ &r +&es t& the 'athr&&m. The "&muter that "&ntr&ls this "y'ernated "leanin+ !luidlant /ill, am&n+ &ther thin+s, send &ut &rders !&r "hemi"als, '&ttles, la'els, and &ther materials 'e!&rethey are needed. 5t /ill aut&mati"ally shut d&/n the lant &r seed u the r&du"ti&n deendin+ &n theneed !&r the r&du"t. The "&muter /ill 0ui"$ly s&t any 'rea$d&/n and &rder reairs instantly. 5t /illmaintain a "&ntinu&us in%ent&ry.

Cy'ernati&n means that aut&mated ma"hines d& all the /&r$ /ith a "&muter as the '&ss. The "&mute1'&ss1 "&&rdinates all a"ti%ities in the lant s& that n& e4e"uti%es, se"retaries, !&remen, &r &thersuer%is&ry ers&nnel are needed. A sel!reairin+, "y'ernated !a"t&ry may &erate 7 h&urs a day, ?days er year /ith&ut a sin+le human. 5! a human /ere resent, he /&uld r&'a'ly send his time l&&$inat dials and !i+htin+ '&red&m. The small "re/ that e%en t&day &erates a m&dern "y'ernated &il re!inery"&uld d& their /&r$ in dinner *a"$ets and /hite +l&%es /ith&ut s&ilin+ themI

1Ultimate aut&mati&n 'ased &n at&mi" &/er,1 said Al'ert Einstein, 1/ill ma$e &ur m&dern industry asrimiti%e and &utdated as the st&ne a+e man l&&$s t& us t&day.1 5t is &ssi'le t& 'uild an aut&m&'ile lan

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in /hi"h the ra/ materials are aut&mati"ally ut in &ne end and shiny aut&m&'iles run &ut an&ther end,unt&u"hed 'y human hands. Cy'ernated systems that use alm&st n& human la'&r "an 'e de%el&ed t&r&du"e e%erythin+ /e use !r&m the !&&d /e eat t& the h&mes /e li%e in.

Goods and Ser+ces W+thout Labor

N&/, /hat d&es "y'ernati&n d& t& the shirt that /e re%i&usly dis"ussed /hi"h mi+ht ta$e &ne hundredh&urs t& r&du"e /ith&ut ma"hinesL 5! all ra/ materials are mined, raised, &r +athered 'y "y'ernatedma"hinery, and i! shirts are r&du"ed in a "y'ernated !a"t&ry /ith&ut human 'ein+s, *ust h&/ mu"h la'&is in%&l%ed in the r&du"ti&n &! a shirtL 5t is "&n"ei%a'le that &nly !i%e se"&nds &! human time er shirtmi+ht 'e en&u+h.

Further imr&%ements mi+ht +et this 'el&/ &ne se"&nd er shirt. H&/ mu"h /&uld a shirt 'e /&rth undethese "ir"umstan"esL Fi%e "entsL One "entL Onetenth &! a "entL <&uld it 'e /&rth/hile e%en t& /&rrya'&ut "har+in+ !&r a shirt i! there /ere ra"ti"ally n& human la'&r in%&l%ed in its r&du"ti&n &r distri'uti&

Sin"e any tas$ d&ne 'y human minds and human hands "an the&reti"ally 'e "y'ernated &n a reetiti%e'asis, the ad%an"e &! m&dern te"hn&l&+y /ill alm&st eliminate the human la'&r "&st &! ser%i"es. Ser%i"esu"h as dry "leanin+ are n&/ 'ein+ aut&mated. 5n the !uture hair"uts, mani"ures, 'eauty arl&r ser%i"eslaundry, and the ser%i"in+ &! aut&m&'iles /ill 'e er!&rmed &n a "y'ernated 'asis. The a'ility &!"y'ernated ma"hines has 'een des"ri'ed 'y #&nald N. )i"hael;

ybernated systems perform with a precision and a rapidity unmatched in humans. They also

perform in ways that would be impractical or impossible for humans to duplicate. They can be buto detect and correct errors in their own performance and to indicate to men which of theircomponents are producing the error. They can make "udgments on the basis of instructions

programmed into them. They can remember and search their memories for appropriate data(which either has been programmed into them along with their instructions or has been ac<uired ithe process of manipulating new data.Thus( they can learn on the basis of past e>perience withtheir environment. They can receive information in more codes and sensory modes than men canThey are beginning to perceive and to recogniGe.0

0Donald %. #ichael( Cybernation3 The ilent on<uestC 1anta $arbara( alifornia3 enter for thtudy of Democratic &nstitutions( 56+)7( p. +.

Humans /ill n&t e%en 'e re0uired t& maintain the !a"t&ries &! the !uture. Cy'ernated !a"t&ries /ill 'edesi+ned t& &erate !&r many de"ades /ith&ut reair 'y men. R&utine maintenan"e and reairs /ill 'eer!&rmed 'y ma"hines. 5mr&%ed metals and desi+ns &! the !uture /ill ma$e ma"hines alm&stimer%i&us t& /ear and tear. E%en t&day <estern Ele"tri" ma$es "&mle4 s/it"hes that /&r$ s&

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!la/lessly that a sin+le !ailure in !i%e milli&n &erati&ns is "&nsidered 'el&/ ar. S&me relays n&/ in use/ill er!&rm a 'illi&n s/it"hin+ &erati&ns in their li!etime.

&he 'u$an )se o/ 'u$an 5e+n#s

#r. N&r'ert <iener, the 1Father &! Cy'erneti"s,1 /r&te;

&t is a degradation to a human being to chain him to an oar and use him as a source of power9 buit is almost an e<ual degradation to assign him purely repetitive tasks in a factory( which demandless than a millionth of his brainpower.

The ad%ent &! "y'ernati&n may 'e re+arded as an eman"iati&n r&"lamati&n !&r man$ind. 5ts th&r&u+h

ali"ati&n /ill at least ena'le man t& ha%e the hi+hest "&n"ei%a'le standards &! li%in+ /ith ra"ti"ally nla'&r. 5t /ill !ree him !&r the !irst time !r&m a hi+hly stru"tured and &ut/ardly im&sed r&utine &! reetiti%day'yday a"ti%ity. 5t /ill ermit him t& return t& the ree$ "&n"et &! leisure /here all /&r$ /as d&ne 'sla%es and men had time t& "ulti%ate their minds. 5n the !uture ea"h &! us /ill "&mmand a milli&n sla%es.These /ill 'e me"hani"al and ele"tri"al sla%es, n&t the de+radin+ use &! a human 'ein+ t& d& the /&r$ sthat an&ther may li%e an a'undant li!e.

C&muters are t&day in a %ery early sta+e "&mara'le t& the )&del T F&rd. At the resent time thelar+est ele"tr&ni" "&muters ha%e &nly a'&ut 8,888 &! the ass&"iati%e &/ers &! human 'ein+s.

C&muters t&day are +enerally r&+rammed t& &erate in se"i!i" /ays. <e are &nly 'e+innin+ t& desi+

them t& &'ser%e a lar+e ran+e &! &utside data and "reati%ely handle this in!&rmati&n.Alth&u+h "&muters are *ust &ut &! their teen years, s&me &! them are already 'e+innin+ t& sh&/ a&tential !&r &ri+inality.

1The resent le%el &! these learnin+ ma"hines,1 said #r. N&r'ert <iener ;

is that they play a fair amateur game at chess but that in checkers they can show a markedsuperiority to the player who he programmed them after from 5* to )* playing h&urs &! /&r$in+ aind&"trinati&n. They thus most definitely escape from the completely effective control of the manwho has made them. Bigid as the repertory of factors may be which they are in a position to takeinto consideration( they do un<uestionably --and so say those who have played with them-- snoworiginality( not merely in their tactics( which may be <uite unforeseen( but even in the detailedweighting of their strategy.

0 2orbert %iener( Come #oral and Technical onse<uences of AutomationC cience( Mol. 5;5(2o. ;5*( #ay +( 56+*( p. 5;*+ . opyright 56+* 'y the Ameri"an Ass&"iati&n !&r the

Ad%an"ement &! S"ien"e.

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The mi"r&miniaturi2ati&n &! "&muter "&m&nents may ena'le man t& 'uild "&muters in the !uture tha/ill ha%e a th&usand times m&re ass&"iati%e &/er than any human 'rain. C&muters /ill 'e desi+nedthat /ill ha%e sens&ry re"et&rs in all arts &! the /&rld /hi"h /ill +i%e them immediate in!&rmati&n &nanythin+ si+ni!i"ant that &""urs. A master "&muter in the !uture /ill 'e a'le t& +ather, di+est, and analyall re"&rded !a"ts and in!&rmati&na !antasti" tas$ that is im&ssi'le !&r any human 'ein+. The ran+e &!

!a"ts and !&rmulas .s s& e4tensi%e t&day that it is &!ten im&ssi'le !&r a s"ientist t& $ee u /ith ne/de%el&ments e%en in his se"ialty.

Only a "&muter /ill 'e a'le t& handle the inte+rati&n &! all $n&/led+e and "&me u /ith de"isi&ns that/ill 'e 'ased &n the !ull ran+e &! rele%ant data. 5n the !uture "&muters /ill n&t &nly 'e a'le t& thin$ as/ell as men, they /ill 'e a'le t& e4"eed man en&rm&usly in the "aa"ity t& di+est !a"ts and in!&rmati&n.They /ill analy2e the data and "&me u /ith s&luti&ns t& r&'lems that /ill ena'le man t& &'tain /hat h/ants &n earth. 5t /&uld 'e im&ssi'le t& a"hie%e the %alue system dis"ussed in Chater /ith&ut theth&r&u+h use &! aut&mated ma"hinery and "&muters inte+rated int& a /&rld/ide "y'ernated "&mle4.

Cy'ernati&n "an trans!&rm &ur entire /&rld int& a arden &! Eden The +&&ds and ser%i"es that /e desir

/ill 'e a%aila'le /ith&ut reetiti%e human t&il. And the Tree &! Kn&/led+e /ill 'l&&m !&r the !ul!illment &!e%ery&ne. The 'i++est &rti&n &! the rime years &! &neMs li!e /ill n& l&n+er 'e stru"tured 'y the need !&/ee$ly ay "he"$. <ith "y'ernati&n h&useh&ld *&'s /ill n& l&n+er saddle /&men /ith '&rin+ dayt&dayr&utines.

)en and /&men /ill !&r the !irst time in their li%es 'e !ree t& in0uire int& their &/n needs, t& !a"ethemsel%es, and t& /&r$ &ut satis!yin+ atterns &! li!e 'ased &n their &/n !eelin+s and th&u+hts. CTheliberation of people from tasks unworthy of human capacity(C said erald Diel, Cshould free that capacityfor a host of activities now neglected in our civiliGation. . . .C0

P erald Diel, 1C&nsumers &! A'undan"e1 6Santa (ar'ara, Cali!&rnia; Center !&r the Study &! #em&"rati5nstituti&ns, >?9, . >.

The ratra"e /ill 'e &%er. S&"iety /ill re0uire relati%ely little !r&m any &! its mem'ers. J&hn F. KennedyMs!am&us di"tum, 1As$ n&t /hat y&ur "&untry "an d& !&r y&u: as$ /hat y&u "an d& !&r y&ur "&untry,1 /ill 're%ersed. De&le may !&r the !irst time en*&y an a'undant li!e made &ssi'le 'y the "reati%e intelli+en"eman. <ith a "y'ernated te"hn&l&+y it /ill 'e &ssi'le !&r all humans t& li%e 'etter than i! ea"h ers&n/ere t& ha%e a milli&n sla%es at his "&mmand. E%en a milli&naire t&day has a "rude, harried li!e "&mare/ith the sm&&th, !ul!illin+ attern that all e&le may a"hie%e in a "y'ernated s&"iety.

<e ha%e as$ed h&/ y&u /&uld li$e a +uaranteed in"&me &! 88,888 er year. 5n the >?8Ms in theUnited States, the a%era+e !amily has had in"&me &! ar&und ?,888 er year. H&/e%er, /hen there isalm&st n& human la'&r "&st t& r&du"in+ "y'ernated +&&ds and ser%i"es, it /ill 'e &ssi'le !&r e%ery&net& ha%e alm&st anythin+ in any 0uantityI One hundred th&usand d&llars er year &r ,888,888 er yearGit /&nMt matter. O! "&urse, /ith ra"ti"ally n& la'&r "&st and limitless nu"lear ener+y, thin+s /&nMt ha%eri"e ta+s. Dri"es are &nly a /ay &! distri'utin+ the l&&t /hen there is n&t en&u+h !&r e%ery&ne.

)anMs !uture /ill 'e a th&usand times m&re e4"itin+ than his ast. F&r the !irst time man /ill 'e !ree t&/&r$ &ut any system &! %alues that he desiresGand t& a"hie%e these %alues. F&r the !irst time man /ill 'in a &siti&n t& ma$e a th&r&u+h ali"ati&n &! the s"ienti!i" meth&d &! thin$in+ s& that his $n&/led+e ha

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redi"ta'ilityGs& that he "an s&l%e his r&'lems and n&t *ust at"h them u "ra2y0uilt !ashi&n. F&r the!irst time it /ill 'e &ssi'le t& ha%e a "&rnu"&ia &! +&&ds and ser%i"es that /ill n&t 'e &'tained 'y thes/eat &! s&me&neMs 'r&/.

1This is a time &! transiti&n. . . ,1 said Adlai Ste%ens&n, 1!r&m the an"ient r&'lem &! sharin+ s"ar"ity t& th

m&dern r&'lem &! distri'utin+ a'undan"e.1 Cy'ernated te"hn&l&+y /ill !&r the !irst time ermit us t&reali2e &ur human &tential. <e may a"hie%e the deeest measure &! li!e: /e may en*&y the hi+hest le%&! li'erty: and /e may ha%e ma4imum s"&e in &ur ursuit &! hainess.

-.A/ay <e &I

5n the ne4t se"ti&n /e /ill lea int& the t/enty!irst "entury. 5n re%i&us "haters /e ha%e !&und that ma

es"aed !r&m the *un+le a relati%ely sh&rt time a+&. As mi+ht he e4e"ted he 'r&u+ht /ith him manyrimiti%e ha'its &! thin$in+ and !eelin+ that still la+ue us t&day. <e ha%e dis"ussed in detail the trile!&undati&n &n /hi"h /e are ma$in+ a r&*e"ti&n &! &ur t/enty!irst"entury "i%ili2ati&n. 5! y&u "an a""et&ur %alue system, i! y&u !eel that the s"ienti!i" meth&d &! thin$in+ /ill lay a d&minant r&le in the !uture,and i! y&u understand the ima"t &! a "y'ernated te"hn&l&+y that /ill r&du"e +&&ds and ser%i"es /ithra"ti"ally n& human la'&r, then /e !eel that y&u /ill !ind &ur r&*e"ti&n th&u+ht r&%&$in+.

<e d& n&t 'elie%e it sh&uld ne"essarily ta$e &ne hundred years t& a""&mlish the te"hn&l&+i"al ands&"i&l&+i"al "han+es that /ill r&%ide man$ind /ith this "y'ernated arden &! Eden. S&me &! the thin+s/e are anti"iatin+ may 'e /ell under /ay 'y the time this '&&$ is u'lished. 5! the imr&%ement &! &urs&"iety /ere +i%en the same ri&rity that the de%el&ment &! the at&mi" '&m' /as +i%en durin+ the last

/ar, it /&uld 'e &ssi'le t& a"hie%e m&st &! the !eatures /e r&*e"t !&r the t/enty!irst "entury in time !&us t& en*&y them durin+ &ur li!etime. U Thant, Se"retary eneral &! the United Nati&ns, said;

The truth( the central stupendous truth( about developed countries today is that they can haveEianything but the shortest runEthe kind and scale of resources they decide to have. ... &t is nolonger resources that limit decisions. &t is the decision that makes the resources. This is thefundamental revolutionary changeEperhaps the most revolutionary mankind has ever known.

(&&$s and arti"les des"ri'in+ the !uture usually deal /ith sa"e shis and &ther te"hn&l&+i"al mar%elsand +ad+ets. They /isely stay a/ay !r&m usettin+ the readerMs %alues &r "hallen+in+ the a+e&ld

atterns 'y /hi"h he li%es. De&le are n&t usually threatened 'y te"hn&l&+i"al "han+e 'ut they +etem&ti&nal /hen s&me&ne r&&ses a s&"ial "han+e. A t/entyyear&ld !arm '&y /ill *&in the Air F&r"eand !ly *et lanes !aster than the seed &! s&und. His +randarents 'el&/ /ill h& int& their 8h&rse&/er "hr&melated m&nster and seed &%er the e4ress/ays. (ut it t&&$ &%er a "entury !&r a+&&d art &! the e&le in the United States t& re"&+ni2e that /e sh&uld res&nd t& human 'ein+s asindi%iduals, instead &! &n a 'asis &! ra"e, "reed, &r "&l&r. And that 'attle, un!&rtunately, is still +&in+ &n.

As /e lea int& the !uture, /e must ma$e e%ery attemt t& a%&id 'ein+ '&++ed d&/n 'y traditi&n and th

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1/isd&m1 &! the ast. 5t is useless t& try t& !i+ht "han+e. 5t is mu"h m&re !ruit!ul !&r human 'ein+s t&"&ntr&l and "hannel intelli+ently the a""eleratin+ !l&/ &! e%ents. O%er a hal!"entury a+& the United StateEle"tri" 3i+ht C&many +a%e its dynami" in%ent&r Hiram )a4im a 78,888 annual li!e ensi&n and e4iledhim t& En+land. They !elt they needed t& +et rid &! him 'e"ause his 'rilliant mind $et in%entin+imr&%ements. His "reati%e a'ility made their e0uiment &'s&lete 'e!&re they had time t& ay !&r it.

)a4im r&du"ed s&me &! his +reatest in%enti&ns in En+land. At the time that he /as 'ein+ $ni+hted !&rhis &utstandin+ a""&mlishments, the United States Ele"tri" 3i+ht C&many /as +&in+ &ut &! 'usiness.

Dr&'a'ly the &nly thin+ /e "an $n&/ !&r sure a'&ut the !uture is that it /ill 'e %ery di!!erent !r&m /hat /ha%e t&day. (ut /hate%er di!!i"ulty /e may ha%e in tryin+ t& understand li!e in times t& "&me, it is little"&mared /ith the tr&u'le e&le in the t/enty!irst "entury /ill ha%e understandin+ the /ay /e d& thin+t&day. 5n the !uture e&le /ill !ind it alm&st im&ssi'le t& 'elie%e that human 'ein+s "&uld ha%e&r+ani2ed themsel%es int& nati&ns and then "&uld ha%e used s"ienti!i"ally desi+ned /ea&ns t& slau+htea"h &ther. As they /at"h m&%ies &! the ast, they /ill 'e ast&unded 'y the t&'a""& sm&$e emanatin+!r&m the n&strils and 'y the &stentati&us "l&thin+ and dan+lin+ *e/elry. They /ill !ind animal em&ti&ns &!h&stility and *eal&usy m&st in"redi'le. 5ndi%iduals in the t/enty!irst "entury /ill n&t l&&$ 'a"$ /ith

n&stal+ia t& a /&rld threatened 'y at&mi" &'li%i&n, /ith e"&n&mi" and &liti"al a"ti%ities %itiated 'y +reedand hy&"risy, and /ith mental dis&rders +r&/in+ at a hen&menal rate. H&/ "rude and atheti" /e /ilaear in the eyes &! &ur des"endants I

C++"+-at+on L+#htens an1s 5urden

One measure &! the de+ree &! "i%ili2ati&n at any +i%en time is the e4tent t& /hi"h it re0uires indi%iduals t

sa"ri!i"e themsel%es. 5n the ast milli&ns &! men /ere re0uired t& sa"ri!i"e their li%es durin+ the re"urren/ars. These indi%iduals usually sa"ri!i"ed themsel%es /illin+ly, !&r they had 'een "&nditi&ned this /ay.

An En+lishman &n"e des"ri'ed Ameri"a as, 1A la"e /here e%ery'&dy !uri&usly /&r$s &%ertime ma$in+la'&rsa%in+ ma"hinery.1 T& &erate the e"&n&my &! industrial nati&ns t&day, many indi%iduals arere0uired t& sa"ri!i"e the rime &rti&n &! their li%es in an ei+hth&urerday attern &! la'&r. They are"&nditi&ned s& that they d& n&t usually "&nsider it a sa"ri!i"e. The /&r$ /ee$ is +ettin+ sh&rter. S&mee&le in the re"edin+ "entury had t& /&r$ t/i"e as many h&urs t& ma$e a &&rer li%in+.

Furtherm&re, /&r$in+ "&nditi&ns are imr&%in+, !rin+e 'ene!its in"reasin+, timeandahal! m&re "&mm&Gi! n&t d&u'le time G%a"ati&ns l&n+er, and e%ery n&/ and then s&me&ne mana+es t& "&n%in"e himsel!that s&me art &! his *&' is interestin+. )en and /&men are /&r$in+ t& +et m&ney t& 'uy thin+s they /a&r they are /&r$in+ !&r re"&+niti&n in terms &! titles and a"hie%ements. (ut the !a"t remains that the rim&rti&n &! the li%es &! m&st t/entieth"entury men and many /&men is "&nsumed 'y m&re &r less"&muls&ry, m&re &r less m&n&t&n&us, m&re &r less reetiti%e, m&re &r less '&rin+ tas$s /hi"h areass&"iated /ith a ay "he"$.

The mature s&"iety &! the !uture /ill 'urden man /ith a minimum &! &'li+ati&ns. )&st s&"ieties &! the aand resent "&uld n&t &erate unless its "iti2ens /ere hea%ily "&mmitted and &'li+ated t& "ertain set

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#an now has the procedures for dealing with the problems arising out of his social e>istenceE problems that the methods of physical science can not ade<uately e>plore or illuminate.#an has scarcely begun to make use of his almost limitless brain power( either individually orcollectively. Lack of progress in dealing with the affairs of mankind can be traced to a simple truthman has never made a concerted and persistent effort to solve his social and political problems.

His inventive genius has been confined almost e>clusively to the production of better tools andinstruments.The ne>t great move forward can now be taken. All that is re<uired is a firm belief in man/s great

potentialities and a readiness to accept change.#an is still young on the face of the earth9 civiliGation is still in its infancy. Homo sapiens has notyet realiGed his strength and his greatness9 nor does he see( e>cept dimly( the heights to whichciviliGation can reach.0

P e&r+e allu, The )ira"le Ahead 6Ne/ Y&r$, E%anst&n and 3&nd&n; Harer R&/, >?9, .78.

)an$ind t&day is in a eri&d &! "hallen+e and &&rtunity. Fas"inatin+, une4l&red territ&ry lies 'e!&re uThe e4l&rati&ns &! C&lum'us /ill seem li$e "hildMs lay in "&maris&n. (y *&inin+ the !&r"es &! s"ien"eand te"hn&l&+y thr&u+h&ut the /&rld in a "&mm&n endea%&r, /e "an eliminate manMs inhumanity t& man<e "an re"&nstru"t the /h&le &! the /&rld en%ir&nment t& +i%e e%ery ers&n &n earth /hat he needs t&li%e a !ul!illed, a'undant li!e. <e "an 'uild a ne/ s&"iety /ith su!!i"ient !le4i'ility t& "&rre"t its &/n err&rsand t& meet any "hallen+e that lies ahead. 5n the !uture n& indi%idual /ill e%er stand al&ne. The unlimitedh&ri2&ns &! the humanisti"s"ienti!i""y'ernated !uture /ill 'e the m&st e4"itin+ ad%enture in the hist&ry man$ind.

%AR& IIA %ro6ect+on o/ Our Future

@. At H&me in the T/enty!irst Century

S"&tt and Hella ha%e 'een aslee t/& h&urs. They /ill r&'a'ly a/a$en in a'&ut an h&ur. 5n the re%i&u"entury it /as "&nsidered n&rmal !&r e&le t& /aste a'&ut &nethird &! their li%es sleein+. One /ay t&atta"$ the r&'lem &! in"reasin+ the e!!e"ti%e li!esan has 'een t& ma$e t/& &r three h&urs &! slee ase!!e"ti%e as ei+ht &r nine h&urs re%i&usly /as. Se%eral +eneti" imr&%ements, an in"rease in &4y+en in

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the sleein+ "ham'er, lus the de%el&ment &! deely rela4ed ers&nalities alm&st !ree &! h&stility andtensi&n has r&%ed su""ess!ul.

Further +eneti" imr&%ements are e4e"ted t& minimi2e e%en m&re the am&unt &! slee re0uired. Theredu"ti&n, i! n&t eliminati&n, &! slee is n&t desired !&r its &/n sa$e. This /&rld &! the latter art &! the

t/enty!irst "entury is stimulatin+ and "hallen+in+. There is s& mu"h t& d& and see. The limitlessintelle"tual h&ri2&ns, the estheti" deli+hts, and the sensual !eelin+s are t&& many and %aried t& 'e !ullysa%&red in the a%era+e li!etime &! 788 years.

Alth&u+h S"&tt and Hella are aslee, they are surr&unded 'y +reat dynamism. E%erythin+ ar&und them 'ein+ "&ntr&lled 'y their h&me "&muter, $n&/n as the "y'ernat&r. This small "&muter is 'uilt int& the/all and they ne%er see it alth&u+h it is in use e%ery minute &! the day. They ha%e +radually trained their"y'ernat&r t& meet their needs in th&usands &! /ays. Thr&u+h the "y'ernat&r S"&tt and Hella "an %er'a"&mmand any me"hanism in their aartment. The "y'ernat&r als& handles their messa+es t& theC&rrelati&n Center.

The aut&mated 'ed u&n /hi"h Hella lies nude and unrestri"ted 'y "l&thin+, sheets, &r 'lan$ets,res&nds in a li%in+ /ay t& su&rt her '&dy. There are n& ressure &ints, n& "reases. This s&!tmem'rane +radually m&%es in a rhythm and attern that &%er the years has r&%ed t& 'e m&st rela4in+ tHella. The rhythm that is m&st rela4in+ t& S"&tt durin+ slee is sli+htly di!!erent and the "y'ernat&r is alsattendin+ ma4imally t& his needs. Sin"e e&le "han+e, the inut sens&rs &! the "y'ernat&r in theaartment are "&nstantly s"annin+ t& e4l&re /hether they /&uld ha%e m&re rela4ati&n i! the sleein+mem'rane /ere t& undulate in a di!!erent manner.

5! S"&tt and Hella /ere t& ha%e a th&usand ser%ants, they /&uld n&t re"ei%e the ser%i"es that area%aila'le t& them thr&u+h the "y'ernat&r. N&t &nly are the undulati&ns &! the 'ed "&nstantly adated t&meet their needs, 'ut &ther ase"ts &! their sleein+ "ham'er are 'ein+ maintained 'y the "y'ernat&r t&+i%e ma4imum rest!ulness and "&m!&rt. A "&ntr&lled, i&ni2ed atm&shere adds t& their !eelin+ &! /ell'ein+. The temerature, humidity, mi4ture &! air, and 'a"$+r&und musi" are "&nstantly 'ein+ ad*usted t&meet their indi%idual needs at the m&ment. 5! &ne &! HellaMs !eet dr&s three de+rees 'el&/ her &timaltemerature ran+e, an in!rared 'eam immediately 'rin+s it 'a"$ t& the desired le%el.

Slee in the t/enty!irst "entury is n& l&n+er a ha%en !r&m the trials and tri'ulati&ns &! the dayG1the 'al&! tired minds1. S"&tt and Hella ha%e ne%er e4erien"ed ni+htmaresGthese are art &! the l&n+ list &!thin+s a'&ut re%i&us "enturies that they are really una'le t& understand e4"et &n an a'stra"t le%el. 5nthe ast "enturies, "&n!li"ts r&du"ed tensi&n!illed li%es that /ere tem&rarily relie%ed 'y al"&h&l andtran0uili2ers. The reressi&ns and in*usti"es &! the day /ere e4ressed at ni+ht as distur'in+ dreams anni+htmares. 5n S"&tt and HellaMs /&rld &neMs !eelin+s and imulses are a""eted '&th in th&u+ht anda"ti&n s& that h&urs &! slee are n&t %itiated 'y the r&min+ &! reressed !eelin+s. S"&tt and Hella rarelydream, 'ut /hen they d&, their dreams usually re%&l%e ar&und leasant thin+s they lan !&r the ne4t day

S"&tt and HellaMs li%es are n&t +&%erned 'y ri+id s"hedules. There are ra"ti"ally n& deadlines, and thereis n& need !&r them t& a/a$e at any arti"ular time. The sensin+ e4tensi&ns &! the "y'ernat&r are a'le tdetermine /hen their '&dies ha%e a's&r'ed all the rest they needed. radual "han+es are made that /reare them t& a/a$en /ith a !ull&!ener+y !eelin+. The temerature &! the sleein+ "ham'er is redu"se%eral de+rees. The li+htin+ &! the "ham'er is in"reased and 'a"$+r&und musi" &! a tye en*&yed 'y

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S"&tt and Hella in the m&rnin+ /ill s&&n 'e+in.

As S"&tt and Hella a/a$en, they ha%e a !eelin+ &! anti"iati&n. A ne/ day is here. Ne/ and interestin+th&u+hts /ith ne/ 'eauties t& 'e e4erien"ed and ne/ sensati&ns are t& 'e !eltI 3yin+ t&+ether !&r the!irst !e/ minutes &! the day, S"&tt and Hella "hat /armly a'&ut their !eelin+s and lans. They de"ide t&

tal$ t& s&me !riends /h& li%e 8,888 miles a/ay. They +i%e %er'al "&mmands t& the "y'ernat&r /hi"hma$es a "&nne"ti&n /ith the C&rrelati&n Center that is immediately relayed 'y satellite t& their !riends.They are a'le t& e4"han+e e4erien"es and th&u+hts %ia a threedimensi&nal "&l&r transmissi&n. They!eel as "l&se as i! they /ere t&+ether in the same r&&m.

&he Cybernated 'y#+ene Area

<ith $ittenli$e lay!ulness Hella slas S"&tt &n the 'utt&"$s and runs t&/ard a "ylindri"al "ham'er. S"&"at"hes her *ust as she rea"hes the entran"e t& the t/enty!irst"entury 'athr&&m.Alth&u+h she is !&rty years &ld, Hella l&&$s li$e a y&un+ +irl &! ei+hteen. She has li+ht 'r&/n hair /ithsar$lin+ 'r&/n eyes. Her m&uth is e4ressi%e and er!e"tly sa"ed teeth sh&/ /hen she lau+hs. Her'reasts are !irm and sli+htly smaller than the a%era+e &! re%i&us "enturies. Her his are 'eauti!ully!&rmed 'ut n&t /ide. Her 'utt&"$s and thi+hs are s&!tly r&unded. 3au+hin+ly, S"&tt ulls her inside the"ylindri"al /alls &! the sh&/er. Air and /ater, mi4ed under ressure t& !&rm a s&!t, "leansin+ sray,deli+ht!ully "&m' e%ery art &! their '&dies at a seed and ressure that they ha%e tau+ht the "y'ernat&N& s&a is used: ultras&ni"ally a"ti%ated /ater l&&sens any "lin+in+ arti"les. This 'ath n&t &nly "leanstheir '&dies 'ut als& !urnishes the m&st deli+ht!ul ta"tile sensati&ns /ith srays that tin+le and massa+ee%ery art &! them.

S"&tt is a'&ut the same hei+ht as Hella. His hands&me !a"e res&nds t& the stimulatin+ sh&/er. 3i$eHella, S"&tt d&es n&t l&&$ his !&rty!i%e years. He 'e+ins t& sin+ in a res&nant %&i"e. Hella, in sel!de!ensharm&ni2es /ith him /ith a %i'rant t&ne. S"&tt and Hella ha%e alm&st e0ually str&n+ mus"les. They m&%+ra"e!ully and +ently in a /ay that su++ests hidden stren+th. They are dried in three se"&nds as they/al$ thr&u+h the air /all that a"ts as a sh&/er d&&r. This air /all is a hi+hseed sheet &! /arm air *ette!r&m the t&, '&tt&m, and sides &! the sh&/er &enin+. <hile they are in the sh&/er, the sleein+"ham'er aut&mati"ally "leans and sterili2es itsel!.

S"&tt and Hella then lean their heads 'a"$/ard t& !it int& a ni"he desi+ned t& +r&&m their hair. 5n !&rtythree se"&nds this "y'ernated 'eauty sh& trims the hair and arran+es it in any m&de that S"&tt and Hesele"t. O%er the years they ha%e trained the "y'ernat&r in the atterns that they re!er !&r their hair. The*&' &! +r&&min+ is er!&rmed 'y an ele"tr&ni" "&mle4 that sets the hair 'y 'eamed &siti%e and ne+ati%ele"tr&stati" "har+es. A &nese"&nd, m&di!ied laser emissi&n +i%es a ermanent set that remains until adi!!erent style is desired. Hella seld&m uses r&u+e, eye shad&/, eye'r&/ en"il, &r &ther arti!i"ialte"hni0ues &! ast "enturies. The e&le in the ne/ "i%ili2ati&n are n& l&n+er hysi&l&+i"ally andsy"h&l&+i"ally e4hausted 'y ins&lu'le r&'lems, ema"iatin+ res&nsi'ilities, atm&sheri" &lluti&n, and&&r nutriti&n. Neither men n&r /&men "are !&r arti!i"ial de"&rati&n. They !eel 'eauti!ul and attra"ti%e inthemsel%es. Their l&%eliness "&mes !r&m insideGn& &utside %eneer is needed.

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At this time sha%in+ has disaeared. Hair n& l&n+er +r&/s in areas /here humans d& n&t /ant it. N&m&uth /ashes &r irritatin+ "hemi"al a+ents are used that mi+ht a!!e"t the li%in+ tissues &! the m&uth.Ca%ities are un$n&/n, !&r there has 'een an in"rease in the hardness &! the enamel, and !&&ds aredesi+ned t& inhi'it de"ay &! the teeth and disease &! the +ums. (e"ause &! the hi+h de+ree &! intestinal

health, 'ad 'reath is alm&st un$n&/n.

The la%at&ry and t&ilet are re"essed in a "&rner &! the 'athr&&m area. The /ater turns &n /hene%er thehands are la"ed a'&%e the la%at&ry. 5n t&iletin+, the indi%idual sits u&n a s&!t rin+ "&%erin+ a s&undr&'&/l. #urin+ eliminati&n &r de!e"ati&n the /aste matter, t&+ether /ith all &d&rs, is dra/n int& an &enin+5nstead &! t&/els &r tissues there are /ater srays /hi"h aut&mati"ally "lean the re"tal and u'i" areasand /arm air raidly dries them. This natural !un"ti&n is n& l&n+er unattra"ti%e as in re%i&us "enturies.

A ed+ca" Checu*

S"&tt and Hella ste int& a "a'inet and aut&mati"ally tri++er a tense"&nd series &! tests that hel thema"hie%e the hi+hest le%el &! health. The me"hanism re"&rds their /ei+ht s& that the "y'ernat&r "an "he"+ain &r l&ss. 5! an u/ard trend in /ei+ht aears &%er a eri&d &! time, the "y'ernat&r &rders the !&&dr&du"ti&n me"hanism t& de"rease the "al&ries /ith&ut ma$in+ any n&ti"ea'le "han+e in the 'ul$ &r tas&! the !&&d. The "a'inet als& measures 'l&&d ressure di!!erentials thr&u+h&ut the '&dy. 5t r&du"es anele"tr&"ardi&+ram and instantane&usly "&mares it /ith re%i&us ele"tr&"ardi&+rams. The 'l&&d in"aillaries &n the retina &! the eye is +i%en a se"tr&analysis. The heart'eat, resirat&ry rate, 'rain/a%a"ti%ity, and many &ther measurements are made and instantly "&mared /ith l&n+term n&rms !&r theindi%idual. The "y'ernat&r d&es n&t &%erres&nd t& indi%idual readin+s &! any se"i!i" day 'ut, instead,analy2es them !&r hysi&l&+i"al trends. The C&rrelati&n Center "&mares them /ith n&rms 'ased &n &%

t/& 'illi&n e&le.Alm&st e%erythin+ that haens in the human '&dy is a""&manied 'y ele"tri"al and "hemi"al "han+esthat "an 'e i"$ed u and re"&rded 'y the ad%an"ed medi"al en+ineerin+ &! the t/enty!irst "entury. Th"asual ten se"&nds sent in this medi"al "a'inet +i%e S"&tt and Hella a daily "he"$u that may add yeart& their li%es. All "&lds, %iruses, and in!e"ti&us diseases ha%e 'een eliminated !&r many years. Only l&n+term deteri&rati&n &! '&dy &r+ans is still a r&'lem.

<hen ne"essary, "&nditi&ns in their en%ir&nment are altered t& hel them maintain &timal health. )any&! the en%ir&nmental "han+es, su"h as the ad*ustment &! "al&ries t& reser%e &timal /ei+ht, areer!&rmed aut&mati"ally. E%ery e!!&rt is 'ein+ made 'y medi"al te"hni"ians t& aut&mate all "&nditi&nsin%&l%in+ health s& that n& "&ns"i&us "&ntr&l is ne"essary t& a"hie%e the hi+hest le%el &! ener+y andl&n+e%ity.

S"&tt and Hella /al$ int& the dressin+ area and h&ld &ut their arms. Their +arments release themsel%es!r&m han+ers and adhere t& their '&dies. Their measurements are st&red in the C&rrelati&n Center.<hene%er they need a +arment, the "y'ernated ma"hines tail&r a uni0ue &ne !&r them in the style andmaterial they sele"t.

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The "l&thin+ is e4tremely thin and s&!t, yet it has +reat stren+th and !le4i'ility. The material li%es,'reathes, and re!le"tsG &r a's&r'sGli+ht and heat as needed t& $ee the '&dy temerature e%en.Thr&u+h ener+y +enerated !r&m li+ht, the material &'tains ele"tri"al &tential re0uired t& &erate the+armentMs ele"tr&me"hani"al res&nses. 5t has n& 'ul+in+ sur!a"es &r tensi&nr&du"in+ areas &! stress5n any s"u!! "&nta"t a !l&/ &! ele"tr&mi+rat&ry materials maintains the +arment in "&nstant reair.

The material "an assume any "&l&r &r 'e"&me transarent. The "l&thes "lean themsel%es and usually dn&t need attenti&n durin+ their e4e"ted tenyear li!e.

#eli"ate sh&es that !le4 "&&rdinately /ith the m&%ement &! the mus"ulature &! the !&&t are entirely !ree &l&"al ressures &r undesira'le !ri"ti&n. They 'reathe as the /earer /al$s a'&ut.

The !eet are maintained at the m&st "&m!&rta'le temerature, re+ardless &! the /eather. A mem'ran&umaterial /ill mi+rate t& any art &! the sh&e t& enhan"e m&%ement, "&m!&rt, dura'ility, and /ear. They aals& sel!"leanin+.

Snac on the 5a"cony

S"&tt and Hella &!ten eat &n the 'al"&ny that &%erl&&$s the naturally l&%ely /&&ded areas &! the t/enty!irst"entury "ities. O%er @ er "ent &! the land in the "ities is maintained as ar$ and re"reati&n areas.F&r the ast !&rtyt/& years all the "ities ha%e had !ull /eather "&ntr&l. The C&rrelati&n Center arran+es!&r the de+ree &! %ariati&n !r&m seas&n t& seas&n that e&le !ind m&st leasant. Rain, sn&/, and/indst&rms n& l&n+er in"&n%enien"e e&le in ur'an "&mmunities.

S"&tt and Hella li%e in a "ir"ular, multist&ry aartment 'uildin+ that is &%er a mile in diameter. 5t "&ntains88,888 li%in+units desi+ned t& meet human needs in e%ery &ssi'le /ay. All /alls, d&&rs, and /ind&/are s&undr&&!. The nearest 'uildin+ they "an see !r&m their 'al"&ny is a'&ut a hal!mile a/ay. Fe/su'ur'an h&mes &! the ast, e%en i! 'uilt &n !&rty a"res &! land, &!!ered the a'sen"e &! distra"ti&ns theyare a'le t& en*&y.

As they ma$e themsel%es "&m!&rta'le &n the 'al"&ny, they +i%e %&"al "&mmands t& the "y'ernat&r /hi"r&du"es the !&&d they ha%e &rdered in !i%e se"&nds. As a art &! their trainin+ t& li%e in the t/enty!irst"entury /&rld, S"&tt and Hella ha%e 'e"&me !amiliar /ith 7 sele"ti&ns &! !&&d. These sele"ti&ns seemt& en"&mass !airly /ell the entire ran+e &! taste, smell, and te4ture "&m'inati&ns that m&st e&le en*&5t has 'een !&und that three 'asi" !&&d mi4tures "an 'e ele"tr&ni"ally altered in &ne se"&ndMs time t& +i%%ariati&ns in "&l&r, taste, and te4ture that ma$e u any desired menu.

5n an e4eriment se%eral years a+& s&me t/entieth"entury !&&ds, as reared 'y +&urmet restaurants %ari&us "ities &! the /&rld /ere &!!ered t& a +r&u &! t/enty!irst"entury e&le. They !&und the t/entie"entury !&&d la"$in+ in taste deth, nutriti&nally insu!!i"ient, and a"tually harm!ul in s&me /ays.

S"&tt and Hella d& n&t use the rimiti%e $ni!e, !&r$, and s&&n &! !&rmer times. Their e4&ti" !&&ds arei"$ed u 'y a +lassli$e r&d that is "har+ed ele"tr&stati"ally s& that &rti&ns &! !&&d adhere t& it. They d

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n&t ha%e t& enetrate the !&&d: they simly 'rin+ the +lass r&d near it. There is n& driin+ &r dr&in+ &!&&d. (y %aryin+ the "har+e at the ti, e%en li0uids adhere. <hen they "&mlete their meal, theimlements and dishes are l&/ered int& the ta'le, /here they are aut&mati"ally "leaned and sterili2ed.

&he Dyna$+c L++n# Area

A!ter 'rea$!ast S"&tt and Hella +& t& the lar+est r&&m in their aartment. Hal! &! this r&&m is de%&ted t& teler&*e"ti&n area lar+e en&u+h !&r li!esi2ed, threedimensi&nal !i+ures. An inde4 s"anner ena'les S"&and Hella t& sele"t /hate%er they en*&y m&stG"&n"erts, lays, "urrent e%ents, in!&rmati%e su'*e"ts. The/&rldMs !&rests are n& l&n+er 'ein+ "he/ed u t& ma$e ne/saers. All ast &r resent ne/s is a%aila'l&n the teles"reen, and reusa'le ele"tr&stati" "&ies "an 'e made i! desired. The "y'ernat&r in theiraartment has already made a list &! the r&+rams &! the day. 5t has ut a red d&t 'eside the tye &!r&+ram that S"&tt re!ers and a yell&/ d&t 'eside the tye that Hella usually sele"ts.

S"&tt and Hella nestle in a "&nt&ur "hair as they a"ti%ate the threedimensi&nal teler&*e"ti&n area. This"&nt&ur "hair a"ts as a li%in+ su&rt that r&du"es a "&m!&rt re%i&usly un$n&/n. 5! Hella raises her armthe "hair /ill e4tend itsel! u&n "&mmand t& su&rt the arm in any &siti&n desired. <hene%er the le+sare m&%ed, it +r&/s t& su&rt them /ith 'all&&nli$e s&!tness. 5t +i%es them a hysi"al !reed&m /hensittin+ &r re"linin+. The !urniture &! re%i&us times tended t& !&r"e e&le t& sit in redetermined /ays. 5the ne/ /&rld &! the t/enty!irst "entury, the indi%idual has the !reed&m t& sele"t.

)&st &! the me"hanisms that !ree S"&tt and Hella !r&m drud+ery and ermit them t& 'e ser%ed as +uestin their &/n h&me &erate aut&mati"ally. Dush 'utt&ns, dials, and le%ers are seld&m used. Alm&st e%eryma"hine in the ne/ /&rld is %&i"ea"tuated and res&nds instantly t& s&$en &rders.

The interi&r &! the li%in+ r&&m has a lar+e, d&meshaed "eilin+ /ith s&!t, "&l&r!ul li+htin+ !l&/in+ /ith&uany %isi'le s&ur"e !r&m all &rti&ns &! the /all. All &! the ele"tr&ni" me"hanisms that "&ntr&l the interi&r &their aartment are 'uilt int& the /alls. There are n& +ad+ets 'ul+in+ &ut here and there. The eye meets&nly leasin+ "&nt&urs &! an &r+ani"ally desi+ned interi&r. The /alls &! the t/enty!irst"entury li%in+uniare "aa'le &! in!inite %ariety. At times they aear transarent. At &ther times they seem &a0ue. O!tenthey re!le"t "&l&r &r "&m'inati&ns &! "&l&r in leasin+ 'lends and desi+ns. Teler&*e"ted i"tures,s"ulture, and !l&/ers are taste!ully distri'uted thr&u+h the aartment. They aut&mati"ally "han+e ea"hday. There are n& l&"$s &n any d&&rs. 5n a /&rld &! a'undan"e and sanity, they ha%e n& !un"ti&n. Alm&se%erythin+ in the aartment is !irer&&! and !ree !r&m deteri&rati&n and /ill remain s& !&r the l&n+ li!e &!the 'uildin+.

The entire aartment is maintained and "leaned "&ntinually 'y aut&mati" me"hanisms silently &erated'y the "y'ernat&r. N& 'r&&ms, %a"uum "leaners, &r &ther manual arahernalia are needed. 5t is alm&st"&mletely dust!ree. All sur!a"es are +ra"e!ully "&nt&ured s& that there are n& "ra"$s &r "&rners t& ermdust t& +ather. )&st sur!a"es ha%e an ele"tr&stati" "har+e that reels dust and $ees it !l&atin+ in the ait& 'e !iltered &ut. Sin"e the air ressure in the aartment is sli+htly hi+her than &utside, n& dust !l&/s in.

All materials and me"hanisms in the li%in+ area are desi+ned t& last &%er &ne hundred years. S"&tt and

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Hella r&'a'ly "ann&t re"all any in"&n%enien"e due t& a me"hani"al !ailure. The &utside /alls and r&&! &the aartment 'uildin+ are made &! "erami"li$e materials /hi"h re0uire n& aintin+ &r maintenan"e andha%e a li!e e4e"tan"y in e4"ess &! 88 years.

The %ersatile li%in+ areas are the !&"al &ints &! the intelli+en"e &! the /&rld en%ir&nment. They are

"&nne"ted ele"tr&ni"ally /ith the C&rrelati&n Center, /hi"h, in turn, is "&nne"ted /ith ra"ti"allye%erythin+ &n the lanet. <hen S"&tt /ishes, he "an "&nta"t any re+i&n in the /&rld. He "an tal$ /ithalm&st any&ne in the /&rld at any time. 5t is &ssi'le !&r him t& attend any "&n!eren"e, t& &'ser%e alm&se%erythin+ +&in+ &n in the /&rld in threedimensi&nal, "&l&r teler&*e"ti&n /ith&ut lea%in+ his aartment

N&t &nly d&es their aartment en*&y t/&/ay "&mmuni"ati&n thr&u+h&ut the /&rld, 'ut it is als& "&nne"tt& re"ei%e anythin+ they /ant dire"tly !r&m any art &! the +l&'e. St&res and sh&in+ "enters arere+arded as in"&n%enient !&l$/ays &! ret/enty!irst"entury "i%ili2ati&ns. <hen S"&tt and Hella /ant aers&nal item &r any aaratus, they need &nly &rder their "y'ernat&r t& r&du"e threedimensi&nalm&dels !&r their sele"ti&n. S&metimes a 'asi" m&del may ha%e hundreds &! &ti&nal atta"hments. This+i%es them an &&rtunity t& &rder a "ust&mi2ed %ersi&n that meet their needs e4a"tly.

<hen they sele"t /hat they /ant, their "y'ernat&r immediately "&mmuni"ates this t& the C&rrelati&nCenter. 5n less than a se"&nd the &rder is re+istered at the nearest industrial "&mle4. <ithin minutes thitem is !a'ri"ated, a"$a+ed, and sent &n its /ay in a hi+hseed system &! tu'es t/enty !eet in diameteThis hi+hseed a"$a+e is ele"tr&ni"ally +uided 'y the sym'&ls reresentin+ S"&tt and HellaMs addressTheir a"$a+e tra%els at the rate &! 78 miles er h&ur until it arri%es at their aartment.

#urin+ the entire r&"ess n&t &ne human hand &r 'rain has 'een in%&l%ed in !illin+ their &rder. 5t is&ssi'le that the &'*e"t they ha%e &rdered is uni0ue in the entire /&rld, !&r erhas n& &ne else has&rdered that arti"ular "&m'inati&n.

There is n& s"ar"ity &! anythin+. S"&tt and Hella are !ree t& &rder as mu"h as they /ish, !&r n& humanli%es are "&nsumed in meetin+ their needs. <hate%er they /ant results &nly in a m&mentary 'li in the"y'ernated ma"hine "&mle4 &! the t/enty!irst "entury.

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Living r&&m of cott and Hella/s apartment The +r&u is /at"hin+ a threedimensi&nalteler&*e"ti&n. The anel &n the ri+ht "&ntains!a"ilities !&r sh&in+ and raid deli%ery, deli"i&usinstant !&&d. sendin+ and re"ei%in+ in!&rmati&n, et".

Linear-acceleration trainThis train is ma+neti"ally r&elled &n a "ushi&n &air at 7,888 miles er h&ur. 5t has n& en+ine &r/heels. The ele"tr&stati"ally "har+ed &int redu"eair resistan"e. 5ts sa!e "y'ernated &erati&nre0uires n& ers&nnel.

@loating research vessel

Children as y&un+ as !i%e years arti"iate ininterestin+ resear"h r&*e"ts su"h as this&"ean&+rahi" resear"h %esselMs analysis &!"urrents near the (erin+ Strait dam. Trains"&nne"tin+ the "&ntinents tra%el thr&u+h the uertu'e.

ybernated freighters

These rust!ree titanium %essels l&ad and unl&adthemsel%es and na%i+ate t& any &rt /ith&ut"atain, "re/, &r d&"$ /&r$ers They "arry en&u+hat&mi" !uel t& &/er the shi !&r !i!ty years.

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A twenty-first-century car These /heelless "ars +lide 0uietly and sa!ely /hilee&le rela4 Y&u state /here y&u /ant t& +&, andthey +uide themsel%es /ith&ut attenti&n. They arere!ueled e%ery !i%e years and usually &eratet/enty years /ith&ut reairs.

&on-propelled aircraft This il&tless air"ra!t i"$s u S"&tt and Hella !r&mthe t& &! their aartment and "y'erneti"allytrans&rts them t& the E4uma 5slands 5t is e0uie/ith the "&m!&rts and "&n%enien"es &! the t/enty!irst"entury aartments.

!ower and research center The nu"lear &/er lant that Hella %isits lies 88!eet 'el&/ the "entral d&me that "&ntains the"&muter "&mle4. #&med la'&rat&ries 'ran"h &!!!r&m the "enter and are "&n%enientlyinter"&nne"ted.

ity design

Ea"h &! these sa"i&usly desi+ned !i!teenst&ryli%in+ "&mle4es &%erl&&$s natural areas &! !&restsand la$es that are a minimum &! &nehal! mile /id'y &ne mile l&n+. Trans&rtati&n is handled inunder+r&und ra"e/ays.

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&ndustrial production A "&ntinu&us stream &! le%i"ars is silentlyele"tr&!&rmed in &ne &! the ,888!&&t !l&/lines. All &'*e"ts are !&rmed m&le"ularly as a/h&le instead &! 'ein+ !a'ri"ated in arts andthen assem'led as in the re"y'ernateda+e.

orcenThis si4!&&t shere /hi"h ser%es as the/&rld "&rrelati&n and $n&/led+e 'an$ hastrilli&ns &! inuts !r&m all &%er the +l&'e thatena'le it t& ser%e e%ery indi%idual and"&&rdinate the humani2ed manma"hinesym'i&sis.

@rom the #oonS"&tt and (ellaMs &'ser%ati&n d&me &%erl&&$s thelaser"ut e4"a%ati&n in the r&"$ /hi"h r&te"ti%ely

uburban homeThis h&me 6in"ludin+ terra"e9 is ele"tr&!&rmed in&ne ie"e and set in la"e 'y a "ar+& le%i"ra!t.

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en"l&ses the multile%el interi&r en%ir&nment. 5nla"e &! e4teri&r d&&rs, there is a system &!translu"ent thermal 'arriers.

Alth&u+h "y'erneti"ally r&du"ed, the limitless"h&i"e &! desi+n elements and e0uiment ma$e ituni0uely indi%idual.

Fu"/+""+n# Interests

S"&tt has str&n+ interest in medi"al en+ineerin+. A /riter in the t/entieth "entury /&uld ha%e said thatmedi"ine /as S"&ttMs 1r&!essi&n1. 5n the ne/ /&rld, this termin&l&+y is n&t ar&riate sin"e the rimiti%system &! *&'s, /a+es, !ees, and m&ney has 'een &ut+r&/n. S"&tt !inds the human '&dy and its myriadme"hanisms arti"ularly !as"inatin+. He en*&ys layin+ a art in e4eriments desi+ned t& yield data thathels e&le attain the hi+hest &ssi'le le%el &! health. #&"t&rs n&/ study health, n&t disease. 5nstead &!indin+ &ut /hat "auses disease, they "&n"entrate &n !indin+ &ut /hat !a"t&rs r&du"e the hi+hest&ssi'le le%el &! health. The arts &! the '&dy that /ere su'*e"t t& !re0uent 'rea$d&/n, su"h as theaendi4, /ere eliminated many de"ades a+& 'y imr&%ements in the +enes that 'luerint the human

'&dy.

Ei+ht m&nths a+& the C&rrelati&n Center sele"ted S"&tt and medi"al s"ientists !r&m Asia, S&uth Ameri"aand Eur&e t& "&ndu"t e4eriments and re&rt &n the desira'ility &! in"reasin+ the sensiti%ity &! thehumans near t& 8,888 "y"les. Human hearin+ is limited t& a ran+e &! a'&ut 78 t& 78,888 "y"les erse"&nd. S&me animals, su"h as d&+s, "an hear hi+herit"hed s&unds. 5! S"&ttMs "&mmittee !eels thathuman /ell'ein+ /&uld 'e in"reased 'y an additi&n t& the audit&ry ran+e, resear"h /ill 'e "&ndu"tedt&/ard this end. They already $n&/ /hi"h #NA maniulati&n are needed t& r&du"e the hi+her ran+e &!hearin+. Derhas in !i%e years a il&t study /ith ,888 indi%iduals in di!!erent arts &! the earth /ill 'etried. 5! a ri"her attern &! li!e results, erhas er "ent &! the in!ants /ill 'e s& e0uied. 5! results"&ntinue t& 'e !a%&ra'le, this +eneti" imr&%ement may 'e +enerally ad&ted !&r !uture 'a'ies &! the

t/entyse"&nd "entury. 5! there is any 0uesti&n a'&ut the !easi'ility &! a r&*e"ted imr&%ement, &r i!di!!i"ulties later arise, the !le4i'le s"ienti!i" attitude results in raid "&rre"ti&ns. N&thin+ is re+arded as!inal.

#urin+ his li!etime S"&tt $ne/ e&le /h& /ere '&rn in the t/entieth "entury. He "&nsidered them1"ulture'&und.1 They /ere s& 'e/ildered 'y the !le4i'ility &! the ne/ +enerati&nsI They $et sayin+, 15tisnMt ri+ht t& d& this. 5! nature had /anted thin+s that /ay, she /&uld ha%e made them that /ay. Y&u ha%n& rese"t !&r truth.1 S"&t 'elie%es that the test &! all thin+s is the hainess they yield. He $n&/s thatmental strai+ht*a"$ets limit &neMs a'ility t& /&r$ &ut atterns &! li!e that are 'r&adly !ul!illin+.

Derhas !&r the !irst time in human hist&ry, e&le are n&t '&und ti+htly 'y the !&rms &! a "ulture. 5n theast indi%iduals /h& did n&t &'ser%e the m&res &! their arti"ular "ulture /ere su'*e"ted t& enalties tha%aried !r&m disar&%al t& death. S"&ttMs +enerati&n en"&ura+es di%ersity: they try t& a%&id +ettin+ int&ers&nal &r s&"ial ruts.

5n the nurseries "hildren en*&y +ames that hel de%el& "&mlete !le4i'ility in +&in+ !r&m &ne system t&an&ther. They $n&/ that t/& lus t/& in many situati&ns e0uals !&ur. They d& n&t /ant t& 'e ri+idly '&un'y this. They /ant t& $n&/ the hidden assumti&ns that lie 'ehind this M Msel!e%ident1 !&rmula. Children

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en*&y !indin+ /ays in /hi"h t/& lus t/& is n&t e0ual t& !&ur. )u"h &! li!e is n&t additi%e. 5! t/& m&uth!uls&! a !&&d are leasant, it d&es n&t !&ll&/ that !&ur m&uth!uls /ill +i%e t/i"e as mu"h leasure. Theleasure may de"rease e%en m&re /ith si4 m&uth!uls. T/el%e m&uth!uls mi+ht 'e unleasant. 15remem'er &n"e dis"&%erin+ a li!e situati&n in /hi"h t/& lus t/& e0ualed 2er&,1 S"&tt says.

The !ree minds &! the t/enty!irst "entury "hallen+e e%erythin+ that seems sel!e%ident. They li$e t& try &mentally di!!erent &ints &! %ie/. They sear"h !&r their hidden assumti&ns and deli+ht in 'rin+in+ them the sur!a"e. They are e4erts at "han+in+ their minds. 1There are many e&le 5 ese"ially li$e 'e"ausethey d& n&t share my &ints &! %ie/,1 Hella says. 15 en*&y tal$in+ /ith them /hen they %i+&r&usly de!end&siti&n that "&ntradi"ts mine. 5 $n&/ 5 learn m&re /hen 5 !ind e&le /ith ideas that "hallen+e mine.1

&he orn+n#7 Con/erence

Hella en*&ys studyin+ human relati&nshis. She has as$ed the C&rrelati&n Center t& indi"ate use!ul thin+she "an d&. She has 'een a&inted t& a "&mmittee that is studyin+ the de+ree t& /hi"h ri%a"y in li%in+areas adds &r detra"ts !r&m the human hainess &tential. They are +atherin+ data &n /hat r&&rti&n

&! the &ulati&n seem t& a"hie%e ma4imum !ul!illment in th&se aartments that &!!er ri%a"y %ersus th&aartments that are shared 'y %aryin+ num'ers &! e&le. There is s&me e%iden"e that sel!sele"ted+r&us &! si4 e&le &!!er +reater "&n%ersati&nal %ariety, in"reased %i"ari&us are"iati&ns, andsi+ni!i"antly enri"hed intelle"tual, estheti", and sens&ry e4erien"es. 3ar+er +r&us may ha%e a de+ree suer!i"iality and "&n!usi&n that has dra/'a"$s.

5t is re"&+ni2ed that i! ea"h indi%idual is t& ha%e a ma4imum &! 13i!e, 3i'erty, and the Dursuit &!Hainess,1 there must 'e &&rtunities !r&m !ull ri%a"y t& !ull "&mmunity arti"iati&n in all a"ti%ities.One sh&uld 'e a'le t& "h&&se /hate%er meets his needs 'est at the time. All lannin+ is determined 'ythe %aried and "han+in+ re!eren"es &! indi%iduals, n&t 'y /hat s&me&ne else thin$s is 1+&&d !&r them.1

(&th S"&tt and Hella lan t& "&n!er /ith their rese"ti%e "&llea+ues &n these s"ienti!i" matters durin+ thlatter art &! the m&rnin+. At the rearran+ed time the teles"reens "&me t& li!e. S"&tt in his &rti&n &! ther&&m and Hella in hers tal$ /ith their ass&"iates thr&u+h&ut the /&rld. A ta'le is in the !&re+r&und &! thes"reen and the e&le aear in the !ar!lun+ "&n!eren"e teles"reens as th&u+h seated in a semi"ir"le.

At &ne &int in S"&ttMs "&n!eren"e it is ne"essary t& tele"&mmuni"ate /ith a s"ientist &n a sa"e stati&n3ater, they need the results &! an e4eriment &n hearin+ "&ndu"ted ei+hty years re%i&usly. A re0uest ismade &! the C&rrelati&n Center !&r this in!&rmati&n. <ithin m&ments the data is resented u&n thes"reen. The C&rrelati&n Center has re"&rded e%ery '&&$, d&"ument, and re&rt that has e%er 'eenreser%ed in the hist&ry &! the /&rld. This in!&rmati&nG"lassi!ied, "r&ss re!eren"ed, summari2ed, ande%aluatedGis a%aila'le at all times. The r&"eedin+s &! this "&n!eren"e are als& re"&rded int& the %ast

mem&ry 'an$s &! the C&rrelati&n Center.A!ter their "&n!eren"es S"&tt and Hella lea%e the main li%in+ area. Their "hairs silently !&ld a/ay andretra"t int& the !l&&r. They return t& the 'al"&ny and re"line u&n a hu+e "ir"ular sur!a"e /hi"haut&mati"ally "&nt&urs itsel! t& their '&dies and &rients t& the m&st suita'le &siti&n t& a's&r' !ilteredsunli+ht. The "y'ernat&r senses the m&&d &! S"&tt and Hella and immediately r&%ides a deli+ht!ul!ra+ran"e &! !l&/ers /ith a 'a"$+r&und &! stimulatin+ musi". S"&tt and Hella tenderly t&u"h ea"h &ther.He $isses her sh&ulders and she res&nds. They '&th 'e+in t& 'reathe deely as they en*&y a multi

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dimensi&nal e4erien"e that "ulminates in an e"stati" se4ual "lima4.

As they rela4 aut&mati" units +ently massa+e their '&dies. These units d& n&t ha%e any e4tensi&ns &rr&*e"ti&ns. They are ele"tr&ni" means that r&*e"t +entle "&ntra"ti&ns int& the mus"ulature &! the '&dyAll &ints &! the '&dy "an 'e +ently &r !&r"e!ully massa+ed at the same time, deendin+ u&n the trainin

that &ne has +i%en the "y'ernat&r that ser%es him. S"&tt and HellaMs mus"les are stimulated t& de%el&and maintain stren+th. As the massa+e 'e"&mes +entler, it +radually lulls them t& slee.

Alth&u+h they li%e in a %&i"ea"tuated en%ir&nment desi+ned t& meet their needs, they are res&ur"e!ul,"aa'le indi%iduals. They en*&y mus"ular a"ti%ity. Sin"e the "y'ernated ma"hines r&te"t them !r&m'&rin+, reetiti%e drud+ery, they are un'urdened and hen"e a'le t& en*&y e4erti&n. They &!ten /al$se%eral miles in re!eren"e t& usin+ a "y'ernated "ar.

<hile S"&tt and Hella are aslee a !riend "alls. There is n& *an+lin+ h&ne t& a/a$en them, !&r thesensin+ de%i"es in their en%ir&nment $n&/ they are aslee and re&rt this. The !riend "&mmuni"ates hismessa+e t& the threedimensi&nal re"&rder, /hi"h is r&mtly layed !&r S"&tt and Hella /hen they

a/a$e.

Sin"e it is &ssi'le t& "&mmuni"ate 0ui"$ly /ith any ers&n &n earth, n& matter /here he is, there is n&r&'lem in returnin+ the "all. They in%ited him t& dr& 'y that e%enin+.

S"&tt and Hella !eel a "&mlete !reed&m t& e4l&re ne/ areas &! thin$in+ and !eelin+. They /ant their%alues and interests t& "han+e s& that they may e4erien"e a multidimensi&nal li!e. As they see$ ne/eand deeer areas &! !eelin+ and thin$in+, the "y'ernat&r senses these altered atterns and res&ndsar&riately. Just as an En+lish 'utler learned in re%i&us "enturies t& i"$ u the m&&ds and needs &!his eml&yers 1intuiti%ely,1 s& the "y'ernat&rs are desi+ned t& +ras t&tally the sensiti%ities &! the e&lethey ser%e. They sense alm&st in ad%an"e /hat ea"h ers&n /ill /ant. They !urnish /hate%er "&n"ert,

symh&ny, &r &ther tye &! entertainment /&uld 'est suit the need &! ea"h indi%idual they ser%e. The"y'ernat&rs ne%er determine /hat humans sh&uld ha%e &r /ant. They al/ays see$ t& r&%ide /hat /ill'est meet the needs &! indi%iduals !r&m "lues +i%en 'y the attern &! ast "h&i"es.

Alth&u+h S"&tt and Hella are a/are &! the !un"ti&ns &! the "y'ernat&r, they intera"t /ith it in a hi+hlyimers&nal /ay. 5n the hidden me"hanism in the /alls, there are 'uiltin, duli"ate arts thataut&mati"ally 'yass any de!e"ti%e units in an instant /ith&ut interruti&n &! ser%i"e.

The li%in+ atterns S"&tt and Hella re!er "an 'e instantly trans!erred t& any &ther li%in+ unit they %isit.Their "y'ernat&r is "&nne"ted t& the C&rrelati&n Center s& that any li%in+ unit thr&u+h&ut the /&rld "animmediately re0uest instru"ti&ns &n the %ari&us atterns an indi%idual re!ers. Thus e%ery&ne in the

t/enty!irst "entury !eels at h&me /here%er he isGin a sa"e shi, an aartment in the Himalayas, &r ali%in+ unit at the '&tt&m &! the sea. As S"&tt &n"e e4ressed it, 1The /&rld is my h&me.1

A 2+s+t to Su$atra

#urin+ the a!tern&&n S"&tt menti&ns a la"e in Sumatra he had &n"e %isited. On %&i"e "&mmand, there

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emanates !r&m the /alls a teler&*e"ti&n &! a s"ene !r&m Sumatra. As these ima+es "han+e, S"&tt andHella e4erien"e the smell &! the !&rest, the +reen lea%es &! the *un+le, and the animal li!e. Theseer!e"ted teler&*e"ti&n ima+es "an n&t 'e distin+uished !r&m the real &'*e"ts.

The li%in+ area is at &n"e trans!&rmed. Han+in+ %ines and the lush tr&i"al %e+etati&n &! the *un+les &!

Sumatra aear in li!esi2ed, threedimensi&nal "&l&r. (irds !ly thr&u+h their li%in+ area, and animals /a'y, aarently /ithin rea"h &! S"&tt and Hella. They aear 0uite s&lid, and &ne "an hear the !lain+ &!'irdMs /in+s and the s&!t addin+ &! an animalMs a/s. The sea li!e and 'ea"hes aear in !ull reality.<ith +entle 'ree2es "aressin+ their !a"es, S"&tt and Hella !eel immersed in the 'rea$in+ /a%es, and"&l&r!ul tr&i"al !ish that surr&und them and &""asi&nally seem t& t&u"h them. 5! there is anythin+ they/ish t& see a+ain &r /ant enlar+ed, they ha%e &nly t& "&mmand the "y'ernat&r. They /at"h under/aterlants shimmer ast them and see re!le"ti&ns &! sun'eams "&min+ d&/n thr&u+h the /ater /ithirides"ent shad&/s.

The ne/s"ast durin+ the late a!tern&&n 'rie!ly dis"usses si+nals re"ei%ed !r&m &utside the s&lar systemA arti"ularly str&n+ transmissi&n is "urrently 'ein+ m&nit&red !r&m a star s&me t/entysi4 li+htyears

a/ay, near the "enter &! &ur +ala4y. Aarently, intelli+ent 'ein+s are 'eamin+ str&n+ si+nals t&/ardearth. The lin+uisti" system has n&t 'een "ra"$ed, 'ut the "&muters are /&r$in+ &n it. H&/ s&&n /illthey "&nta"t &ther 'ein+s in the uni%erseL

Shar+n# W+th Fr+ends

T&/ard e%enin+ the "y'ernat&r alerts S"&tt that their !riends /ill 'e there s&&n. S&n*i and Jahn arri%e in il&tless le%itat&r. 5t is r&elled 'y hi+hly ener+i2ed i&n arti"les that are emitted !r&m the underside &!the "ra!t in a "&nstant stream. This ena'les it t& +& u &r d&/n &r 'e r&elled in any dire"ti&n desired.The le%itat&r is n&t a !lyin+ ma"hine. 5t d&es n&t deend u&n air "urrents &r any n&isy unrelia'le de%i"esu"h as r&ellers, /in+s, &r ailer&ns. As it +ently ali+hts &n the 'al"&ny, the +uests aear t& /al$

thr&u+h its side, !&r there are n& d&&rs, "ra"$s, &r %isi'le &enin+s. Thr&u+h %er'al "&mmand them&le"ular '&nd &! a &rti&n &! this &uter s$in yields t& ermit them t& lea%e. The "y'ernat&r +reets the+uests and aut&mati"ally +uides them t& the area /here they are re"ei%ed 'y S"&tt and Hella. They ma$themsel%es "&m!&rta'le &n the res&nsi%e !urniture.

These +uests are n&t attra"ted t& S"&tt and Hella !&r in"&nse0uential "hatter &r the s&"ial "&nsumti&n &al"&h&l. Jahn is en+r&ssed in re"&nstru"tin+ 'i&l&+i"al &r+anisms that r&amed the earth in the distante&ns &! the ast. S&n*i is art &! a team de%isin+ ele"tr&ni" means t& r&el rats, !lies, and &therundesired !&rms &! li!e !r&m a !i%emile 'elt surr&undin+ all &! the "ities &! the +l&'e. They e4"itedlye4"han+e ideas r&, "&n, 'a"$, and !&rth.

Creat+e Recreat+on

There are many +ames /ith hysi"al &r intelle"tual "hallen+e !r&m /hi"h t& "h&&se. This e%enin+ S"&ttsu++ests they lay a +ame &! 5ntelle"tr&ni"s. The threedimensi&nal, teler&*e"ti&n me"hanism is turned&n, and they ea+erly d&n headsets /ith sensiti%e ele"tr&ni" i"$us. The teler&*e"ti&n area "&mes ali%e/ith a %isual reresentati&n &! the innerm&st !eelin+s &! ea"h indi%idual, s&me/hat similar t& the

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&s"ill&s"&e r&*e"ti&n &! %&"al s&unds. The s"reen is !illed /ith a threedimensi&nal, in!initely %ariedse"trum &! "&l&r. (y intera"tin+ /ith ea"h &ther, they ma$e srays &! "&l&r that e4tend and dan"e insa"e 'e!&re them. The !&rms 'lend /ith &ne an&ther and mer+e as t&tally di!!erent and e4"itin+ attern

1<hat a n&%el th&u+htI <h& r&*e"ted thatL H&/ surrisin+ that this r&*e"ti&n is s& similar t& mine.1 Th

+ame e4l&res the innerm&st !eelin+s &! ea"h arti"iant. These ele"tr&ni" translati&ns &! the &erati&n the human mind are %ery meanin+!ul t& S"&tt, Hella, and their !riends. 5! s&me&ne !r&m re%i&us "enturie/ere t& see them, they /&uld aear a'stra"t and meanin+less. (ut t& e&le /h& ha%e had years &!e4erien"e, this ne/ ima+ery reresents a s&histi"ated !&rm &! "&mmuni"ati&n. S&me/hat as anele"tr&en"ehal&+ram &erat&r in the t/entieth "entury interreted t/&dimensi&nal /a%y lines, thearti"iants &! the ne/ ima+ery are sharin+ a !&rm &! "&mmuni"ati&n, in%&l%in+ the inte+rati&n &! m&ti&nand "&l&r inter/&%en in a symh&ni" sens&rium.

'o$e o+es

A!ter a leasant e%enin+ /ith their !riends, /hi"h has lasted until ar&und !&ur in the m&rnin+, S"&tt andHella retire t& their sleein+ "ham'er. Suddenly, S"&tt remem'ers s&me threedimensi&nal "&l&rre"&rdin+s he and Hella made in their sleein+ "ham'er &n a re"ent %isit t& the m&&n. Sin"e the m&&nhas &nly &nesi4th &! the +ra%itati&nal ull &! the earth, they /ei+hed &nly a'&ut 78 &unds. <ith the !ullmus"le stren+th desi+ned !&r earthMs +ra%itati&n, they /ere a'le t& intera"t se4ually /ith ea"h &ther in/ays that /&uld 'e im&ssi'le &n earth.

U&n "&mmand the "y'ernat&r r&*e"ted these m&%ies &n the s"reen &! their sleein+ "ham'er /hileS"&tt and Hella en*&y a+ain their re%i&us deli+hts. As the m&%ie dra/s t& a "l&se, the "y'ernat&r uses ireert&ire t& enhan"e the se4uality &! S"&tt and Hella. The /h&le se"trum &! their sensati&ns is $eyed

this undistur'ed a"t &! l&%e. The musi" $ees a"e /ith their hysi&l&+i"al a"ti%ities and sensati&ns.Temeratures are aut&mati"ally maintained t& meet their needs. All &! their innerm&st !eelin+s area""entuated and "&&rdinated t&/ard the +riin+ "lima4.

As they dri!t a/ay int& a rest!ul slee, the "y'ernat&r /ith its th&usands &! inuts thr&u+h&ut their entireaartment, maintains a "&nstant sur%eillan"e &%er the /ell'ein+ &! S"&tt and Hella. They are thei&neers in a ne/ a+e &! s&"ial and indi%idual sym'i&sis. 5t is an a+e in /hi"h a ur&se!ul e4isten"e ana !ul!illin+ li!e is shared e0ually 'y all. 5n si4 h&urs they /ill +& t& &ne &! the !as"inatin+ under/ateraartments 'uilt &n a "&l&r!ul E4uma ree!. They slee deely t& meet the &&rtunities &! an e4"itin+t&m&rr&/.

>. A )ulti#imensi&nal 3i!e

F&r s&me time S"&tt and Hella ha%e 'een lannin+ t& %isit an under/ater res&rt in the E4uma 5slands inthe (ahamas. The "y'ernat&r aut&mati"ally n&ti!ies the C&rrelati&n Center &! their lans. S"&tt and Hellha%e n& !ren2y &! lastminute a"$in+ t& +et ready !&r the tri. They simly lea%e /ith n&thin+ in theirhands. The entire /&rld is their h&me, and they ha%e n& need t& ta$e anythin+ /ith them. F&&d and drin/ill 'e a%aila'le in the air"ra!t. Tra%ellers in re%i&us times /ere hea%ily 'urdened 'y 'a++a+e, 'ut

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anythin+ S"&tt and Hella need /ill 'e a%aila'le /here%er they +&. Their im&rtant aers, h&t&+rahsand mement&s are !ed int& the C&rrelati&n Center. They "an 'e instantly retrie%ed any time &r any la"ein the /&rld. S&&n retrie%al &n the m&&n /ill 'e &ssi'le.

On HellaMs "&mmand the "y'ernat&r "alls !&r a ,888 mileerh&ur i&nr&elled "ra!t. <ithin minutes th

il&tless "ra!t st&s &n the landin+ area &n t& &! their aartment 'uildin+. They enter and 'y %&"al"&mmand +i%e "&ded dire"ti&ns !&r the aartments in the E4umas. As the "ra!t ra"es at suers&ni" see&%er the hi+hest "l&uds, S"&tt and Hella rela4 in "&nt&ur "hairs and /at"h the un!&ldin+ an&rama &! the"l&ud !&rmati&ns.

1Cl&uds are li$e hy&theses,1 muses S"&tt. 1TheyMre al/ays "han+in+.1

15 !ind "han+e e4"itin+,1 Hella re!le"ts. 15 /&uldnMt /ant t& li%e in a stati" s&"iety, /here thin+s arere+arded as a's&lute and !inal.1

1<ell, 5 /as thin$in+ &! the /ay men "&n!used their n&ti&ns &! the /&rld /ith reality,1 says S"&tt. 1<e

$n&/ t&day that n& the&ries are true &r !alseGthey are &nly m&re &r less use!ul. They ha%e m&re &r lessredi"ta'ility.1

1#idnMt Einstein re"&+ni2e this in his The&ry &! Relati%ityL1 as$s Hella.

1E4a"tly,1 says S"&tt. 1Alth&u+h it /as !ully a""eted 'y s"ientists, he ne%er said it /as Mtrue.M He simlysu++ested that /e use it i! it has +reater redi"ta'ility than anythin+ else. <eMll thr&/ it &ut i! /e "ande%ise a the&ry that e4lains m&re !a"ts and has +reater redi"ta'ility.1

1<e "an &nly use &ur "reati%e ima+inati&n t& thin$ u ideas and hy&theses,1 adds Hella, 1and then /emust 0uietly measure and e4eriment t& see /hi"h %er'al +arment 'est "l&thes the /&rld ar&und us. 5tMs

a ne%erendin+ r&"ess.1

As they lie &n a res&nsi%e l&un+e dis"ussin+ this ase"t &! s"ienti!i" meth&d&l&+y, they are 'r&u+ht'a"$ t& the hereandn&/ 'y the tenminute landin+ si+nal. N&/ they 'e+in t& /at"h the /ater 'el&/.The "&ast &! Fl&rida /ith its sil%er linin+ &! 'ea"hes re"edes. The %i'rant "&l&rs &! the (ahama ree!saear, and, alm&st t&& s&&n, they arri%e at their E4uma res&rt.

The 'lue+reen an&rama is interruted as their "ra!t lands &n the t& &! the E4uma City in the Sea. Thi'uildin+ is a se"ta"ular en+ineerin+ a"hie%ement. A lar+e rin+, &r "ir"ular dam, rises !r&m the '&tt&m &the sea, /hi"h is !i!ty !eet dee at that &int. The stru"ture r&*e"ts 88 !eet a'&%e the sur!a"e. The t&&! the "ir"ular "ity aut&mati"ally slides &en in dry /eather t& un"&%er "y'erneti"ally maintained

re"reati&n areas and tr&i"al +ardens /ith dinin+ !a"ilities &!!erin+ a %ariety &! deli"a"ies !r&m the E4umS&und.

S"&tt and Hella sele"t a r&&m that is t/enty!i%e !eet 'el&/ the sur!a"e. 3ar+e /ind&/s l&&$ &ut &n the"&l&r!ul under/ater ree!. <hen they enter their r&&m, they instru"t the "y'ernat&r !&r that unit t& i"$ uthe li%in+ atterns they ha%e de%el&ed &%er the years /ith &ther "y'ernat&rs in e%ery la"e they ha%ee%er li%ed. Their re!eren"e !&r humidity, heat, li+ht, musi", !&&d, and teler&*e"ti&n r&+ram material arinstantly a%aila'le in their ne/ h&me.

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No %r+ce &a#s

N&thin+ in the t/enty!irst"entury /&rld &! S"&tt and Hella has a ri"e ta+. Dri"es /ere a distri'uti&nme"hanism that /as ine%ita'le in the s"ar"ity "ultures &! re%i&us "enturies. The "y'ernated r&du"ti&nand distri'uti&n "&mle4 &! the t/enty!irst "entury is "aa'le &! r&du"in+ many times the !l&/ &! +&&dsand ser%i"es that e&le &! the /&rld re0uire. The aut&mated r&du"ti&n "aa"ity is s& +reat that i!e%ery&ne &n the earth /ere suddenly t& &rder a &rta'le teler&*e"ti&n set, su"h an unli$ely demand"&uld easily 'e met /ith &nly a sh&rt delay.

5n "ertain areas, h&/e%er, there is a small 1"&st1 t& 'e aid, alth&u+h neither S"&tt n&r Hella thin$s &! it ithese anti0uated t/entieth"entury terms. They $n&/ that this under/ater "&mle4 /ith ,888aartments re0uires a "&ntinu&us sta!! &! three e&le t& &erate it. Sin"e there is n&t a sin+le aideml&yee in the entire t/enty!irst"entury /&rld, they $n&/ in ad%an"e that they may 'e e4e"ted t&

"&ntri'ute an h&ur &! their time !&r ea"h m&nth they stay. They l&&$ !&r/ard t& "&ntri'utin+ this ser%i"e,!&r it !urnishes them /ith ne/ e4erien"es. All *&'s in%&l%in+ drud+ery ha%e l&n+ sin"e 'een "y'ernateds& they $n&/ they /ill n&t 'e as$ed t& s"ru' !l&&rs &r er!&rm '&rin+ menial tas$s. They /ill r&'a'lystand 'y t& hel in any /ay they are needed. <hate%er they may 'e re0uired t& d&, they $n&/ it /illr&'a'ly 'e interestin+, i! n&t "hallen+in+.

S&&n a!ter arri%in+, they attend a &neh&ur teler&*e"ti&n that +i%es in!&rmati&n &n the under/ater"&mle4. 5t sh&/s s&me &! the m&re &ular tyes &! a"ti%ities: it &utlines dan+ers and su++ests "ertainre"auti&ns: it tells /here and h&/ t& use under/ater 'reathin+ aaratus and /here t& i"$ u their sum&'ile. 5t l&"ates the %ari&us under/ater ar$s that are /ithin a threeh&ur ran+e &! their su'm&'ile andsh&/s h&/ t& use a se"ial "&muter t& "&mmuni"ate /ith the intelli+ent, trained d&lhins and &ther

animals in the sea. There are dem&nstrati&ns &! under/ater h&t&+rahy and the use &! ultras&ni"allyr&elled /ater s$is.

The teler&*e"ti&n des"ri'es the ma+neti" !ield set u in the /ater &n the n&rth side &! the 'uildin+. Fishline u and s/im t&/ard the &siti%e and ne+ati%e &les &! this ele"tri"al !ield. Dulses &! hi+h %&lta+e hethem in +r&us t&/ard a lar+e !unnel that su"$s them int& the "y'ernated r&"essin+ lant. A0uati" lanare als& +r&/n in under/ater !ields, and the t&s are har%ested aut&mati"ally, lea%in+ the r&&ts and l&/third &! the lant t& +r&/ a ne/ "r& /ith&ut relantin+. 5n %ari&us la"es thr&u+h&ut the /&rld, l&"altraditi&ns &!ten sulement the 7 %arieties &! !&&d re+arded as standard.

<hen the teler&*e"ti&n is &%er, S"&tt and Hella i"$ u their hand'&&$ and '&ard the under/ater

si+htseein+ "ra!t that ta$es them &n a ninetysi4mile t&ur &! this "&l&r!ul ree! area. They !re0uently lea%ethe su'm&'ile and use their mem'rane mas$s t& e4l&re under/ater "a%es and +r&tt&s.

&he 'u$an )se o/ &+$e

That e%enin+ S"&tt and Hella *&in se%eral men and /&men /h& are dis"ussin+ s&me &! the r&'lems &!

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the re%i&us "entury. N& intr&du"ti&n is e%er needed in the ne/ /&rld. E%ery&ne !eels &ut+&in+ and!riendly t&/ard his !ell&/ man. The need !&r intr&du"ti&n in re%i&us "enturies &!ten ser%ed as a statusshield that maintained distan"e 'et/een e&le.

)yra, a etite 'l&nde, is standin+ /ith her 'a"$ t& a lar+e su'marine /ind&/. She is the "enter &!

attenti&n as she dis"usses the "&n"ern &! their an"est&rs &%er the r&'lem &! /hat e&le /&uld d& /iththeir li%es /hen they didnMt ha%e t& /&r$. <ith %i%a"i&us m&%ements she des"ri'es the d&ur redi"ti&ns&! the 1emtiness &! t&& mu"h leisure.1 5n a "i%ili2ati&n &! s"ar"ity, it /as "ust&mary !&r e&le t& e4e"ta li!e &! unremittin+ t&il and t& de%el& 1/isd&m1 'ased &n this reality.

15! all the year /ere layin+ h&lidays, t& s&rt /&uld 'e as tedi&us as t& /&r$,1 S"&tt says /ith a smile,0u&tin+ !r&m Sha$eseare.

Anna, /h& is dryin+ her hair /ith an air *et, remar$s, 1Hist&rian Th&mas Carlyle /arned that Ma li!e &! easis n&t +&&d !&r any man, n&r !&r any +&d.M The !&l$l&re &! the ast /as !ull &! su"h adm&niti&ns as, M5dlehands are the #e%ilMs t&&ls and idle minds, his /&r$sh&.M Our an"est&rs r&!essed t& ha%e !aith in

humanity, yet they didnMt trust e&le t& dire"t their &/n li%es.1

1H&/ in"redi'le,1 says #aryl, 1that humans "&uld 'e s& "&nditi&ned that they /&uld !eel +uilty i! they /en&t en+a+ed in reetiti%e t&il.1 He am'les &%er t& the /ind&/ t& *&in )yra. 1<hy sh&uld e&le e%er !eel+uilty a'&ut anythin+L1

1S&me/here ar&und the midt/entieth "entury,1 says Hella, 15 re"all that the Center !&r the Study &!#em&"rati" 5nstituti&ns /as studyin+ the r&'lem &! /hat e&le /&uld d& /ith their sare time /hen th/ere n& l&n+er ensla%ed 'y the need t& /&r$ !&r a /ee$ly ay "he"$. They in%ited #aniel Nu+ent, /h&li%ed &n a hillt& near'y, t& &ne &! their /ee$ly "&n!eren"es. Nu+ent had &/ned a lar+e deartment st&rin St. 3&uis, and he s&ld it &ut in >? /hen he /as &nly t/entyse%en. He retired in Santa (ar'ara and

sent his days readin+, studyin+, thin$in+, en*&yin+ the l&%eliness ar&und him, and usin+ his m&ney t&hel e&le. One 'y &ne the sta!! mem'ers in the "&n!eren"e r&&m dis"ussed the r&'lems &! /hat t& d/ith leisure time in a /&rld /ith&ut /&r$. M<hat /ill haen /hen menMs and /&menMs li%es are n&tstru"tured !&r themL Can they ma$e their &/n de"isi&nsL Can they use their &/n res&ur"es t& 'uild a/&rth/hile li!eLM Nu+ent sat there listenin+ !&r a l&n+ /hile 'e!&re he str&n+ly r&tested, Mentlemen, 5mysel! ha%e n&t 'een +ain!ully eml&yed !&r s&me yearsGand 5 assure y&u there are n&t en&u+hh&urs in the day.M 1

1Nu+ent /as a smart man,1 &'ser%es &ne &! the &lder men in the +r&u. 1He ut his !in+er &n &ur realr&'lem. Our li%es are *ust n&t l&n+ en&u+h in site &! the redu"ed time n&/ needed !&r sleein+. 5t isim&ssi'le !&r any indi%idual t& e4erien"e e%en &neth&usandth &! the /&rld that /e ha%e t&day. And a

&! &ur h&ri2&ns are "&nstantly e4andin+ s& that as "i%ili2ati&n +&es &n, it seems that the indi%idual "ane4erien"e less and less &! it.1

15 a+ree,1 Hella res&nds. 1Th&mas Edis&n said, MThe st&ma"h is the &nly art &! a man /hi"h "an 'e !usatis!ied. The yearnin+ &! manMs 'rain !&r ne/ $n&/led+e and e4erien"e . . . "an ne%er 'e "&mletelymet.M Derhas i! /e "&uld li%e 8,888,888 years /e mi+ht !ind li!e '&rin+. (ut Nu+ent /as ri+htGthat"ertainly is n&t &ur r&'lem t&dayI1

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E%ery&ne lau+hs at this last remar$. Ama2in+ h&/ e&le "an +et /&r$ed u &%er r&'lems that d&nMte%en e4istI

No 5urdenso$e %ossess+ons

A!ter three /ee$s S"&tt and Hella reali2e they "ann&t lea%e s&&n. S& many 'eauties, uni0ue !eelin+s,th&u+hts. Derhas si4 m&nths, erhas a year /&uld 'e en&u+h. H&/ "&uld &ne de"ide in ad%an"eLThey n&ti!y Central C&rrelati&n that they lan t& remain here inde!initely. All "&n!eren"e "alls and &ther"&mmuni"ati&ns are t& "&ntinue t& "&me t& the E4umas, !&r they ha%e "an"elled their lans t& return.They as$ the C&rrelati&n Center t& ma$e their aartment a%aila'le t& &ther e&le. This is n& r&'lem,!&r S"&tt and Hella le!t n& ers&nal &ssessi&ns there. 5n !a"t, they ha%e !e/ 1ers&nal1 &ssessi&ns.<hate%er they /ant t& use is a%aila'le in any en%ir&nment &n earth.

The entire "&n"et &! ers&nal &ssessi&ns 'el&n+s t& the &ld s"ar"ity s&"ieties. 5t isnMt that S"&tt and

Hella are !&r'idden t& ha%e them. They d&nMt /ant them. They ha%e n& need !&r them. All &! the thin+sthat e&le &! re%i&us s&"ieties used and /hi"h are still !un"ti&nal in the t/enty!irst "entury arestru"tured int& the en%ir&nment. Su&se s&me&ne /ere t& tell S"&tt, 1Here is a en. 5t 'el&n+s t& y&u.Y&u must ta$e "are &! it and n&t let any&ne ta$e it a/ay !r&m y&u /hen y&uMre n&t l&&$in+.1 S"&tt /&uld+i%e him a /hatMs+&in+&nhere rea"ti&n.

(esides, he has relati%ely little need t& ma$e mar$s &n ie"es &! aer, !&r he "an tal$ int& the"y'ernat&r, and his /&rds /ill 'e aut&mati"ally re"&rded &r rinted. The !in+ersi2ed "&muter em'eddein S"&ttMs 'rain has sens&ry inuts that ermit dra/in+ 'y means &! th&u+ht. 5! he /ants t& $ee a "&y su"h a dra/in+, he instru"ts the "y'ernat&r t& ma$e a "&y &r t& st&re the ima+e he has "reated /ith histh&u+ht atterns.

Anythin+ S"&tt and Hella /ant "an 'e raidly r&du"ed t& their ers&nal se"i!i"ati&ns and usuallydeli%ered in se%eral h&urs, n& matter /here they areG&n the earth, 'el&/ the earth, &r in the satellitesa'&%e the earth. They /&uld re+ard it as an im&siti&n i! they had t& re+ard "ertain thin+s as their &/nGt& $ee tra"$ &! them, t& ta$e them /here they +& s& that they /&uld ha%e them a%aila'le /hen neededt& ma$e sure that they are r&erly ser%i"ed and in +&&d /&r$in+ &rder. <hat a "rude '&therI 5n "&ntrasS"&tt and Hella ha%e e%erythin+ they need any/here &n earth. They are ne%er "&n"erned /ith ta$in+ "a&! any hysi"al &'*e"ts, !&r maintenan"e is "y'ernated. 1The &ld "&n"et &! &/nershi s&unds utterly'ar'ari",1 S"&tt &n"e &'ser%ed. 15tMs 'urdens&me and '&rin+.1

Art+st+c (8*ress+on Is a %art o/ L++n#

S"&tt and Hella !ind themsel%es deely m&%ed 'y the "&l&r &! the ree!s and /aters, the sa%a+e 'rutality the m&re a++ressi%e !ish, and the +ra"e!ul m&ti&n &! the marine lants and animals. <hile Hella is %isitinthe &'ser%ati&n de"$ hi+h a'&%e the E4uma S&und, she has a desire t& e4ress her !eelin+s in a threedimensi&nal aintin+. She tells the "y'ernat&r &! her /ish t& aint and /al$s &%er t& a three 'y !&ur!&&anel. She i"$s u a li+ht/ei+ht instrument a'&ut three times the si2e &! a en. Thr&u+h "&ntr&llin+ the

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ad*ustment &n this instrument, she is a'le t& r&du"e any "&l&r, &r mi4ture &! "&l&r, desired. Just as aslidin+ tr&m'&ne "an r&du"e +raduati&ns &! it"h, s& her ele"tr&ni" 'rush "an r&du"e a th&usanddi!!erent hues and tints. Fine lines are dra/n 'y h&ldin+ it "l&se t& the s"reen. (r&ad lines are made 'yullin+ it 'a"$. The en "an aint a !lat, t/&dimensi&nal i"ture, &r it "an 'uild u the material int& anythreedimensi&nal attern desired. 5! Hella is dissatis!ied /ith her /&r$ and /ishes t& start &%er, she has

&nly t& indi"ate s&, and the "y'ernat&r /ill ele"tr&ni"ally erase it. <hen Hella is thr&u+h /ith her aintin+she instru"ts the "y'ernat&r t& re"&rd it. 5! she ese"ially li$es it, she /ill &rder the "y'ernat&r t& transmit& the C&rrelati&n Center.

S"&tt has a arti"ular talent in s"ulture, and he is insired 'y the li%in+ !&rms surr&undin+ him in the(ahamian /aters. (y usin+ an ele"tr&!&rmer, he is a'le t& r&du"e s"ulture that in re%i&us "enturiesmi+ht ha%e in%&l%ed days &! ha"$in+ a/ay at /&&d &r st&ne. <hen he is satis!ied /ith &ne &! hisr&du"ti&ns, he &rders the "y'ernat&r t& send it t& the C&rrelati&n Center. The hysi"al stru"ture &! thes"ulture is n&t m&%ed, 'ut thr&u+h ele"tr&ni" s"annin+ its "&nt&urs and "&l&rs are re"&rded andtransmitted. The C&rrelati&n Center s"hedules the e4hi'iti&n &! aintin+s and s"ultures. Thr&u+h threedimensi&nal teler&*e"ti&n S"&ttMs s"ulture /ill r&'a'ly aear !&r tenminute inter%als in se%eral

aartments, /al$/ay areas, and resear"h la'&rat&ries durin+ the ne4t /ee$. The de+ree t& /hi"h it /illaear a+ain in &ther areas &! the /&rld and /hether it /ill e%er 'e sh&/n at a Cultural Center deends&n the am&unt &! attenti&n it re"ei%es as re"&rded aut&mati"ally 'y attenti&n s"anners.

5! S"&tt &r Hella /ere "uri&us re+ardin+ the !ate &! their "reati&ns, they "&uld as$ their "y'ernat&r t&re0uest that in!&rmati&n !r&m the C&rrelati&n Center. They d& n&t, h&/e%er, r&du"e these "reati&ns !&rthe e+& satis!a"ti&n &! e4hi'itin+ them t& &thers. They ma$e them !&r their &/n leasure. They "reatethem 'e"ause they ha%e an inside need t& e4ress themsel%es. They r&du"e them !&r the satis!a"ti&n de%el&in+ their artisti" talents t& a hi+her le%el. <hether any&ne else in the /&rld li$es &r disli$es theirart is &! little "&n"ern. Their main reas&n !&r transmittin+ their 'etter r&du"ts t& the C&rrelati&n Center it& share /ith &thers s&methin+ they !eel /&uld add sli+htly t& the li%es &! !ell&/ humans.

&he Ach+ee$ent o/ L+berty

That e%enin+ S"&tt and Hella *&in a +r&u attra"ted 'y the an&rama seen thr&u+h a transarent /all !i!t!eet under /ater. They are immersed in a li%in+ symh&ny &! !ish and lant li!e. As they s&a$ u thedetails &! this 'rilliantly lit se"ti&n &! the ree!, they ha%e deeer insi+hts int& their "ultural herita+e. They/at"h the /anderin+s &! a small shrim as it s"ans its en%ir&nment !&r !&&d. Suddenly a snaer dartsast, &ens its *a/sGand /ha"$I The shrim is n& m&re. OneMs attenti&n is arrested 'y the +ra"e!ul "&&rdinati&n &! the ei+ht arms &! a small s0uid. Suddenly a *a"$ "&mes al&n+ and +ra's it in the middle. Tharms !lail hellessly ar&und the m&uth &! the *a"$. Then the *a"$ is atta"$ed 'y a 'arra"uda, and the s0uis immediately dr&ed as the *a"$ !lees !&r its li!e. The 'arra"uda rea"hes d&/n and +ra's the n&/in*ured s0uid /ith its shar teeth. 5n three sha$es it is de%&ured. S"&tt and Hella are imressed 'y the!er&"ity &! li!e in the marine *un+leGthe "ruel /&r$in+s &! the sur%i%al &! the !ittest, the ine%ita'le "&n!li"tthat is 'r&u+ht &n 'y s"ar"ity.

1(lessed are the mee$,1 S"&tt 0u&tes. 1(ut the mee$ may n&t sur%i%e in the *un+le. 5! animals &r e&le

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ha%e t& !i+ht ea"h &ther t& +et /hat they need, they 'e"&me 'rutal. They ha%e t& 'e "all&us and heartleGit /&uld tear them aart i! they emathi2ed /ith the ain &! &thers.1

1H&/ inde'ted /e are t& &ur an"est&rs !&r /&r$in+ thr&u+h th&se rimiti%e sta+es s& /e "an at last li%eas human 'ein+s,1 remar$s Hella as she /at"hes a lay!ul ser+eant ma*&r dartin+ ar&und a la%ender

tinted lettu"e "&ral. 1They had the illusi&n &! !reed&mG/e ha%e real !reed&m.1

1Only re"ently ha%e /e 'een really !ree &! the a+e&ld ruts and r&utines,1 S"&tt "&ntinues. 1Free !r&me"&n&mi" stru++le, !r&m a++ressi%eness in a milli&n !&rms, !r&m "&nstant e+& atta"$, and !r&m al/ays'ein+ t&ld /hat t& d&. E%en /hen &ur an"est&rs had en&u+h !&&d in their st&ma"hs and had a r&&! &%ertheir heads, there /as still a s"ar"ity &! l&%e, a!!e"ti&n, and em&ti&nal se"urity t& meet their e+& needs.1

1Yes,1 adds Hella, 1and re%i&us s&"ieties had intri"ate /ays &! +i%in+ status t& e&le that ena'ledthem t& &neu the &ther !ell&/Gt& try t& +et a !eelin+ &! /&rth 'y sh&/in+ that they /ere 'etter in s&me/ays than &ther !ell&/ humans.1

15 su&se m&st &! the r&'lem re%&l%ed ar&und s"ar"ity,1 says S"&tt. 1De&le must !eel se"ure t& +i%edeely t& &thers.1

1They tried t& +et se"urity 'y assin+ la/s,1 Hella smiles. 15 understand that in re%i&us "enturiesth&usands &! la/s /ere assed ea"h year tellin+ e&le /hat they "&uld and "&uld n&t d&.1

15tMs 'een years sin"e ta'&&s &r la/s /ere !&r"ed 'y s&"iety &n the indi%idual,1 S"&tt says. 1Dre%i&us"ultures used t& la'el %ari&us thin+s as ri+ht &r /r&n+, +&&d &r 'ad, m&ral &r imm&ral, la/!ul &r unla/!ulThese thin+s s&metimes "han+ed !r&m &ne state t& an&ther, !r&m &ne "&untry t& an&ther, and "ertainly!r&m &ne "ulture t& an&ther.1

1<e sh&uldnMt 'e t&& r&ud,1 adm&nishes Hella. 15t /as &nly t/& de"ades a+& that /e /ere a'le t&disense /ith the last la/, the last la/yer, and the last "&urtr&&m. Only in &ur a+e "&uld /e 'e sure thahuman 'ein+s "&uld 'e !ully trusted i! they are reared in /ays that a%&id h&stile "&nditi&nin+. Hay,!ul!illed e&le ne%er "&mmit "rimesI1

15Mm n&t sure that itMs all a matter &! trustin+ e&le,1 "&unters S"&tt. 15Mm n&t sure 5 "&uld 'e trusted n&t tharm mysel! &r s&me&ne else i! 5 /ere ut int& &ne &! the aut&m&'iles &! the last "entury. <eM%e usedte"hn&l&+y t& a%&id hurtin+ &ursel%es &r &thers. Try t& ima+ine, Hella. They had n& aut&mati" "&ntr&ls.They sed al&n+ th&se narr&/ hi+h/ays. The death rate /as h&rri'le, the in*uries e%en /&rse. 5n theUnited States aut& a""idents $illed m&re e&le ea"h year than their /arsI This slau+hter /as s&unne"essary. 5tMs 'een de"ades sin"e &ne &! &ur sur!a"e trans&rtati&n units in*ured any&ne.1

1The a%aila'ility &! the mediumran+e air"ra!t that /e used t& "&me here /as shel%ed !&r !&ur years untir&4imity "&ntr&l de%i"es /ere er!e"ted,1 says Hella. 1This sa!ety system redu"es the r&'a'ility &! a"rash t& less than &ne "han"e in si4 trilli&n miles. The dan+er &! a "rash is m&re rem&te than 'ein+ hit 'li+htnin+.1

1Yes, 5 remem'er readin+ a'&ut the r&'a'ilities &! a "rash &n the namelate as /e entered the "ra!t,1ans/ers S"&tt. 1ThereMs n& M(i+ (r&therM ma$in+ de"isi&ns !&r us. <eMre +i%en the !a"ts and r&'a'ilities

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and /e ma$e &ur &/n "h&i"es.1

1<at"hin+ th&se !ish &ut there,1 says Hella, 1ma$es me reali2e h&/ !ar man has "&me. <e "an truly 'e&ursel%esGthin$ /hat /e /ant, !eel /hat /e /ant, e4erien"e /hat /e /antG/ith&ut hurtin+ &there&le.1

&r+* to an )nder!ater %ar

The ne4t m&rnin+ S"&tt and Hella ta$e &ne &! the su'm&'iles and na%i+ate t& an under/ater ar$ a'&utt/enty miles a/ay. On the /ay they see the !&rms &! many /re"$ed shis, n&/ deely en"rusted /ith"&ral. They lay ta+ /ith a d&lhin !&r a /hile. 5n their lar+e 'u''le en"l&sure in the !&r/ard art &! thesu'm&'ile, they ha%e !ull %isi'ility. (uiltin tele%ised 'in&"ulars /ith mi"r&%ie/ers ena'les them t&e4amine marine li!e in detail. They "all the C&rrelati&n Center %ia relay satellite and re0uest a summary the s"ienti!i" /&r$ n&/ 'ein+ d&ne in &"ean&+rahy. A 'rie!in+ $eyed t& their intermediate le%el &!understandin+ is +i%en t& them as they near the under/ater ar$.

5n the ar$ they !ind &ther su'm&'iles. S"&tt and Hella ha%in+ their under/ater 'reathin+ mem'rane &nsli their !eet int& sel!r&elled !ins, ad*ust their %&i"e "&mmuni"at&rs, and e4it thr&u+h the air l&"$. F&rh&urs they e4l&re the marine +ardens and ma$e three dimensi&nal teler&*e"ti&ns /ith their laser"ameras. They stay t&+ether s& that they "an hel ea"h &ther in "ase &! emer+en"y. Trained &r&isesare there t& assist i! needed.

On the /ay 'a"$ !r&m the ar$, S"&tt and Hella dire"t their su'm&'ile t& na%i+ate aut&mati"ally. He helher rem&%e her !ins and 'reathin+ mem'rane. Caressin+ her ear /ith his lis, he eels her under/atersuit !r&m her '&dy. <ith a $n&/in+ smile she turns and sees that he has already rem&%ed his +ear. A/&rd t& the "y'ernat&r 'rin+s !&rth sensu&us musi" /ith str&n+ reetiti%e rhythms. She shares hism&untin+ e4"itement.

Co$*et+n# !+th Onese"/

S"&tt and Hella still !eel e4u'erantly ener+eti" e%en a!ter the under/ater tri. They de"ide t& lay a +amthat /as adated !r&m in+&n+ &! the re%i&us "entury. The net, the ta'le, the 'all, and the addles aralm&st un"han+ed. Their ad%ersary, h&/e%er, is %ery di!!erent, !&r S"&tt and Hella lay &n the same sid&! the ta'le as artners a+ainst a me"hani"al addle dire"ted 'y a "&muter. This "&muter has sensin+de%i"es /hi"h ena'le it t& *ud+e the dire"ti&n and seed &! e%ery 'all returned &%er the net. Alth&u+h the"&muter is a'le t& return e%ery 'all /ith 88 er "ent a""ura"y, it d&es n&t d& s&. The C&rrelati&n Centhas a re"&rd &! e%ery time S"&tt and Hella ha%e layed this +ame as a team, and it has esta'lished a

n&rm !&r them. At this time the n&rm !&r the re"edin+ year indi"ates that S"&tt and Hella returned @.>?er "ent &! the in+&n+ 'alls that /ere dire"ted t& them /ith an a%era+e seed &! -.-7, as measured &a 8 &int s"ale. The "&muter lays a +ame a+ainst S"&tt and Hella that reresents a s$ill e4a"tly e0uat& the a%era+e &! all the +ames that they ha%e layed durin+ the re"edin+ year. 5! S"&tt /&uld /ant t&lay al&ne, a di!!erent set &! re"&rds maintained 'y the C&rrelati&n Center /&uld ena'le the "&muter t&ut u a +ame a+ainst him that /&uld 'e e4a"tly e0ual t& his a%era+e er!&rman"e.

S"&tt and Hella are thus a'le t& lay as a teamGa+ainst themsel%es as a team. 5! they are in +&&d sha

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t&day, they /ill /in. 5! they are n&t, they /ill l&se. Either /ay they /in, !&r n& matter h&/ the +ame "&me&ut, they !eel +&&d. They ha%e a l&t &! !un lau+hin+ and tryin+ t& !i+ure &ut h&/ t& +et ar&und the"&muter.

They en*&y "&metin+ a+ainst themsel%es. They /&uld !ind it reulsi%e t& "&mete a+ainst ea"h &ther.

Su"h a 'attle /&uld r&%e n&thin+. 5t "&uld &nly 'e dama+in+ in s&me sli+ht /ay. 5! they "&mete a+ainstheir ast er!&rman"e, they "an tell i! they are imr&%in+.

#urin+ the e%enin+ S"&tt re"lines in the massa+in+ "&nt&ur "hair in his under/ater aartment. The 1'ay/ind&/1 is illuminated s& that &""asi&nally he l&&$s &ut t& see i! anythin+ is haenin+ &n the ree!. As hlies rela4ed in his "hair, he /at"hes a s"reen that is an+led a'&%e him /here the ara+rahs &! a '&&$!lash 'y. S"&ttMs usual readin+ a"e is 77,888 /&rds er minute, 'ut he has sl&/ed d&/n t& -,888 /&rds'e"ause he en*&ys the lan+u&r&us intermi4in+ &! the a'stra"t th&u+hts &! the '&&$ /ith the "&l&r!ulunder/ater /&rld 'ey&nd his /ind&/. Suddenly, he has an interestin+ idea; "&uld a ran+e emitter 'edesi+ned that /&uld reel shar$s, 'arra"uda, m&ray eels, and &ther marine animals that "&uld endan+es/immin+L He /&nders i! this "&uld 'e 'uilt int& a li+ht/ei+ht 'elt !&r under/ater use. He immediately

"alls Central C&rrelati&n and +i%es his th&u+hts in detail. Central C&rrelati&n then sends this in!&rmati&nt& men and /&men /h& are interested in this area. They /ill r&'a'ly ha%e a teler&*e"ti&n "&n!eren"es&metime in the ne4t /ee$ &r t/& t& dis"uss it.

&he D+sar$a$ent Ann+ersary

That e%enin+ there is a /&rld/ide "erem&ny s"heduled 'y the C&rrelati&n Center. This mar$s the ei+htse"&nd anni%ersary &! the date /hen the last instrument &! death /as destr&yed. Dre%i&us "ulturesde%el&ed a l&n+ r&+ressi&n &! t&&ls desi+ned t& $ill !ell&/ human 'ein+s. 5t started /ith the "a%e manand his "lu'. 5t ended /ith an ultimate /ea&n that "&uld /ie &ut all li!e in an instant.

S"&tt at &ne time %isited a museum and /as aalled that human s"ien"e and in+enuity "&uld ha%e 'eealied in su"h sel!destru"ti%e /ays. He /as ama2ed that humans "&uld ha%e 'een that h&stile t&/ardea"h &ther. (ut he reali2ed that he sh&uld n&t *ud+e &ther e&le and &ther "i%ili2ati&ns, !&r they hadr&'lems &! /hi"h he /as &nly dimly a/are. He $ne/ that had he li%ed in re%i&us times, he r&'a'ly/&uld ha%e layed a art in il&tin+ an airlane t& dr& a '&m' &r in rushin+ u a hill /ith a +un in hishand t& $ill the de!enders at the t&.

N& &ne t&day /ants instruments !&r $illin+. 5n the areas /here /ildli!e e4ists, man !inds n& need t& $illanimals. He r&te"ts himsel! 'y usin+ "&muters that "&mmuni"ate /ith animals in /ays that "&ntr&l the'eha%i&r.

H&/ remar$a'le human 'ein+s are, a!ter all, S"&tt thin$s. De&le in the ast "&uld li%e in a threatenin+/&rld su'*e"t t& 'ein+ $illed at any minute at the /him &! a di"tat&r in a !&rei+n "&untry. And yet they stimana+ed t& ma$e a li!e &! it and "&me thr&u+h it t& de%el& the resent "i%ili2ati&n. S"&tt /&nders/hether his ner%es "&uld ha%e /ithst&&d this tye &! ressure. <&uld he, t&&, ha%e de%el&ed theneur&ti" ers&nality, the dee inse"urities, h&stile a++ressi%eness, h&ll&/ness &! e+&, and the s"ram'le!&r a !eelin+ &! /&rth that "hara"teri2ed his an"est&rsL He is sure he /&uld ha%e in re%i&us times.F&rtunately, these are &nly /&rds t& him n&/. 5t is e%en di!!i"ult !&r him t& 'e sure that he is usin+ them

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a /ay that reresents the !eelin+s &! e&le /h& used the same /&rds in re%i&us "enturies.

Our On"y (ne$y

That e%enin+ S"&tt and Hella !ind a +r&u in !r&nt &! the lar+e su'marine /ind&/ at the thirty!&&t le%el.They ha%e reas&n t& &nder the l&n+ r&ad ahead &! them. The C&rrelati&n Center re"ently released thei!i+ures sh&/in+ the de+ree t& /hi"h humans are "urrently de%el&in+ their intelle"tual &tentials. 5t&inted &ut that durin+ the re%i&us "entury e&le in the m&re ad%an"ed "i%ili2ati&ns used !r&m 7 t& er "ent &! their mental "aa"ity.. Re"ent measures sh&/ed that the e&le &! S"&tt and HellaMs /&rld ausin+ @ er "ent &! their intelle"tual, artisti", and sens&ry "aa"ity. N& &ne $n&/s at this time /hether ahi+her er"enta+e /&uld result in m&re &r less hainess. Further resear"h is needed.

One &! the &lder men in the +r&u remar$s that it is "&m!&rtin+ t& $n&/ that all thin+s in their "i%ili2ati&nare related t& the needs and !eelin+s &! indi%idual men and /&men. The meth&d &! s"ien"e is used t&

measure the rea"ti&ns &! e&le. 5t is ne%er used t& !&r"e indi%iduals t& "&n!&rm t& any +i%en,redetermined +&als. E%ery r&+ram &! imr&%ement is "are!ully tested 'e!&re it is ad&ted. E%en a!terad&ti&n it is still &n r&'ati&n !&re%er . F&r n&thin+ /&uld 'e ermitted t& remain in su""eedin+ "enturiesthat /&uld n&t "&ntri'ute ma4imally t& the hainess &! the indi%iduals /h& /ill 'e ali%e then. )an is themeasure &! all thin+s, and the s"ienti!i" meth&d is the measurer.

1At last,1 "&mments Hella, 1/e ha%e a "i%ili2ati&n /here the entire ran+e &! human needs "an 'e met. F&the !irst time in manMs l&n+ hist&ry /e "an ha%e "&mlete di%ersity. 5tMs remar$a'le /hat haens /heny&u let e&le 'e themsel%es and d& /hat they /ant.1

1<e "ertainly are !&rtunate,1 says S"&tt, 1that /e "an li%e in s& many dimensi&ns. Our an"est&rs !elt

r&ud i! they /ere e4erts in &ne &r t/& thin+s. )y +reat+rand!ather /as a nu"lear hysi"ist /h&de%el&ed mathemati"al +ames as a h&''y. He /as "&nsidered 0uite 'rilliant 'e"ause &! hisa"hie%ements in these t/& areas. The a%era+e ers&n t&day en*&ys &eratin+ in &%er 88 di!!erentareas.1

1S& many ne/ !ields are &enin+ u. There is *ust n&t en&u+h time.1

1Time is &ur &nly real enemy,1 relies S"&tt /ith a !r&/n. 1Derhas /eMll li"$ it s&me day.1

8. #esi+nin+ the Ne/ enerati&n

A!ter se%en m&nths in the E4umas, S"&tt re"ei%es a messa+e !r&m the C&rrelati&n Center that there is a&&rtunity at a medi"al la'&rat&ry in Cal"utta, 5ndia. This la'&rat&ry se"iali2es in desi+nin+ and traininthe ne/ +enerati&nGr&'a'ly the m&st im&rtant !un"ti&n &! the ne/ s&"iety. Hella shares S"&ttMse4"itement at this "han"e t& arti"iate.

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The 0uery !r&m the C&rrelati&n CenterGa!!e"ti&nately "alled C&r"enGis "&mletely &ti&nal. C&r"enne%er tells e&le they ha%e t& d& anythin+. 5t simly resents in!&rmati&n &n &&rtunities that area%aila'le &r situati&ns that need attenti&n. Ea"h indi%idual ma$es his &/n de"isi&n re+ardin+ /hat he/ants t& d&. One mi+ht dra/ a r&u+h anal&+y /ith an in%itati&n t& *&in an athleti" team &! the re%i&us"entury. An in%itati&n t& 'e &n the !&&t'all team /as re+arded as an &&rtunity. The "&a"hes didnMt !&r"

layers t& *&in the team.

15n an"ient ree"e the Athenians /ere !&nd &! sayin+ that alth&u+h &ther states mi+ht $n&/ h&/ t& ma$'etter r&du"ts, &nly Athens $ne/ h&/ t& ma$e human 'ein+s,1 Hella says seri&usly. 1All any s&"ialsystem really ma$es, /ell &r ill, is human 'ein+s. 5t /ill stand &r !all &n this.1

Hella re!ers t& remain in the E4umas l&n+er, and she de"ides n&t t& a""&many S"&tt t& 5ndia. (y thredimensi&nal "&l&r teler&*e"ti&n, they "an still 1'e t&+ether1 as &!ten and as l&n+ as they /ant. Sin"ethere is lenty &! time, S"&tt as$s his "y'ernat&r t& arran+e !&r a thirty!&&t sail'&at !&r "ruisin+ t& )iamiHe su++ests that se%eral "&mani&ns /&uld 'e desira'le. <ithin t/& days S"&tt, an&ther man, and t/&/&men lea%e the E4uma 5slands in the sail'&at. This '&at has 'een desi+ned t& 'e n&n"y'ernated.

S"&tt and his "&mani&ns ha%e the n&%el !eelin+ &! 'ein+ in an en%ir&nment in /hi"h the r&utine !l&/ &!a"ti%ities is n&t aut&mati"ally stru"tured. They !ind it 0uaint t& &en "ans t& +et !&&d, t& na%i+ate /ith a"hart and "&mass, t& !ish /ith a h&&$ and line, and e%en t& um the &ld!ashi&ned heads in the '&at. !e/ days &! this rather rimiti%e li%in+ are deli+ht!ul. 5t reminds S"&tt &! /hat s&me e&le said &! Ne/Y&r$ in the last "enturyG15tMs a ni"e la"e t& %isit, 'ut 5 /&uldnMt /ant t& li%e there,1 These e4erien"es+i%e them a 'r&ader understandin+ &! h&/ the li%es &! their an"est&rs /ere "&nsumed s& lar+ely 'y theme"hani"s &! li%in+ that they &!ten had little time !&r intelle"tual, aestheti", &r sensual de%el&ment.

15 su&se i! 5 sent m&st &! my /a$in+ li!e "&in+ /ith these me"hani"s &! li%in+,1 S"&tt "&n!ides t& &ne&! the /&men, 15Md r&'a'ly 'e t&& 'usy !&r mu"h else.1

The &nly art &! this sail'&at that is di!!erent !r&m its "&unterarts &! a "entury a+& is an aut&mati""&mmuni"at&r that has 'een 'uilt int& the !&reea$ &! the '&at. S"&tt and his "&mani&ns are &nly dimlya/are &! its resen"e. 5t sends &ut a radi& si+nal e%ery ten se"&nds. This is i"$ed u 'y an &r'itin+satellite and relayed t& C&r"en. N& human $ees a re"&rd &! their l&"ati&nG &nly C&r"en. 5! the si+nal!r&m the '&at /ere e%er t& st&, an immediate attemt /&uld 'e made t& "&nta"t S"&tt thr&u+h a 'uiltinalarm. 5! this /ere t& !ail, s&me "ra!t !lyin+ &%er the area /ith %erti"al "aa"ity /&uld 'e alerted 'y C&r"et& +i%e immediate assistan"e t& the sail'&at. All &! this "&uld 'e aut&mati"ally r&+rammed 'y C&r"en. 5a simle res"ue situati&n, the &nly humans that /&uld $n&/ a'&ut it /&uld 'e th&se a'&ard the res"uin+"ra!t and th&se 'ein+ res"ued.

3a2ily ushed 'y the re%ailin+ s&utheast 'ree2es, S"&ttMs sail'&at ma$es its /ay &%er the <hite (an$s&uth &! Nassau. As they arri%e at the T&n+ue &! the O"ean /here the deth +&es !r&m a'&ut !eet t&&%er ,888 !eet /ithin a sh&rt distan"e, S"&tt thin$s &! re0uestin+ C&r"en t& !urnish him /ith in!&rmati&n&n the resear"h that has 'een "&ndu"ted there. Then he remem'ers that there is n& teler&*e"ti&n s"reea'&ard his small "ra!t. 5n a /ay he is +lad. 5t is ni"e t& rely &nly &n his &/n senses and his &/ne4erien"es, t& see the dee 'lue /ater, t& &'ser%e $eenly the an&rama &! shi!tin+ "l&uds a+ainst theale 'lue s$y, t& see /ith&ut /&rds, t& !eel in silen"e. They an"h&r se%eral days n&rth &! Andr&s 5sland ta's&r' this m&re !ully. S/immin+, !ishin+, nude sun 'athin+Gtheir days ha%e a di!!erent !ullness. Theyha%e n& "&nta"t /ith the &utside /&rld, and there are !e/ &ther '&ats &r humans t& 'e seen.

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A!ter a !e/ days they haul the an"h&r and head /est a"r&ss the reat (ahama (an$. This lar+eunder/ater desert is seld&m m&re than ten !eet dee. The /ater is "rystal "lear. Alth&u+h there are !e/!ish, the surrise and deli+ht &! /at"hin+ the "&untless star!ish add additi&nal threads t& their ri"htaestry &! e4erien"e. S&&n they ass the *a++ed r&"$s &! un Key and head /est a"r&ss the ul!

Stream. Their s&utheast 'ree2e h&lds !irm, and ten h&urs later, tanned and e4hilarated, they arri%e in)iami.

On his /ay t& the S&uth Fl&rida terminal, S"&tt n&ti"es s&me&ne /a%in+ !&r hel in a ar$ near ther&ad. He instru"ts the "ar t& ull &%er t& the side. He n&ti!ies C&r"en &! his l&"ati&n and that he is +&in+t& the res"ue. The ers&n /a%in+ !&r assistan"e ta$es him t& a man /h&se le+ has 'een "rushed 'y alar+e !allen 'ran"h. They are una'le t& 'ud+e it. S"&tt runs 'a"$ t& his "ar and tells C&r"en. C&r"enimmediately +i%es this emer+en"y in!&rmati&n t& se%eral e&le in the %i"inity. <ithin minutes si4 e&leli!t the 'ran"h and release the in*ured man. They "are!ully "arry him t& a "ar /hi"h seeds him t& thenearest "y'ernated h&sital.

This instant hel!ulness is an im&rtant in+redient in the ne/ s&"iety. 5n !&rmer times e&le &!ten !elt, its&me&ne elseMs *&', 5 d&nMt e%en $n&/ him, he mi+ht sue me, /hy +et in%&l%ed.MM Su"h rea"ti&ns may ha'een ar&riate in "&metiti%e, le+alisti", m&neym&ti%ated s&"ieties. 5n the t/enty!irst "entury e&le/el"&me the &&rtunity t& assist &thers. 5s there a m&re human /ay t& send timeL E%ery&ne is m&rese"ure /hen he !eels that e%ery&ne else in the /&rld +enuinely /el"&mes the &&rtunity t& 'e &!assistan"e. N&rmally, e&le need s& little hel in this "y'ernated /&rld &! a'undan"e that this &enhearted !eelin+ t&/ards &thers ne%er results in &neMs 'ein+ &%er'urdened. This +ener&us /illin+ness t&it"h in and hel e4tends 'ey&nd simle emer+en"y situati&ns. Ea"h ers&n identi!ies /ith the /h&le &!s&"iety. 5! s&me&ne n&ti"es that s&me e0uiment needs reairs, he d&es /hat he "an t& !i4 it &r re&rts t& C&r"en. De&le treat all &'*e"ts /ith the "are and "&nsiderati&n that indi%iduals re%i&usly +a%e &nlytheir &/n &ssessi&ns. These indi%iduals /h& ha%e 1e%erythin+1 are a'le t& +i%e +ener&usly &!

themsel%es. Only in this "entury ha%e all men and /&men s& !ully identi!ied themsel%es /ith e%ery&neand e%erythin+ in the /&rld.

&he Great C+rc"e (8*ress

The simlest /ay t& +et t& 5ndia is t& '&ard &ne &! the ar&undthe/&rld e4ress "ra!ts that has 'een"&ntinu&usly "ir"lin+ the +l&'e /ith&ut landin+ !&r many de"ades. They tra%el at a steady seed &! 888miles er h&ur. <hen this "ra!t is ar&4imately &ne th&usand miles a/ay, S"&tt ta$es &!! in a shuttle "rthat a""elerates t& ,888 miles er h&ur. <hen the nu"lear&/ered, "ir"umna%i+atin+ "ra!t is a'&%eS&uth Fl&rida, S"&ttMs airshi l&"$s &nt& the lar+er "ra!t *ust l&n+ en&u+h !&r S"&tt and &ther assen+erst& +et a'&ard. #eartin+ assen+ers enter the shuttle "ra!t, /hi"h then disen+a+es and returns t& theS&uth Fl&rida terminal a !e/ minutes later.

The !li+ht t& 5ndia ta$es a little &%er t/& h&urs. Fr&m his %anta+e &int hi+h in the s$y, S"&tt en*&ys thelanned +e&metry &! the /&rld 'el&/Gthe %ast /ater/ays that ha%e eliminated !&re%er the tra+edy &!!l&&ds, the "y'ernated !arm 'elts /ith their thin +leamin+ tra"$s, the dynami" "ities that are !&"al &ints a te"hn&l&+y harnessed t& ser%e all &! man$ind. As S"&tt /at"hes the "ities &! 5ndia, he is imressed 'y

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h&/ &!ten the "ir"ular lan has 'een used. He sees a multist&ry aartment rin+ a'&ut a mile in diameteunder "&nstru"ti&n. Cy'ernated 'uildin+ ma"hinery is !a'ri"atin+ ,888 aartments a day /ith a"&nstru"ti&n sta!! &! &nly thirty!i%e e&le.

The "ities &! the re%i&us "entury ha%e 'een le%eled e4"et !&r se%eral that ha%e 'een $et !&r

anthr&&l&+ists and hist&rians. These museum "ities are r&te"ted 'y a lar+e, transarent, +e&desi"d&me and are air "&nditi&ned. Similar r&te"ti&n is +i%en sele"ted ruins &! re%i&us "ultures.

As S"&tt nears Cal"utta, the shuttle "ra!t ahead strea$s u/ard !&r its rende2%&us. 5t l&"$s &nt& the lar+sa"e %ehi"le &%er Cal"utta /here a 'rie! e4"han+e &! assen+ers ta$es la"e. S"&tt '&ards the smalle"ra!t and /ithin minutes ali+hts at the Cal"utta air&rt. There are n& &rters, !&r assen+ers ha%e n&'a++a+e. There are n& "ust&ms a+ents sin"e internati&nal di%isi&ns ha%e 'een meanin+less !&r manyde"ades. S"&tt "&n!ers /ith a l&"al "y'ernat&r a'&ut aartment a%aila'ilities /hile he /aits !&r his"y'ernated aut&.

5n Cal"utta, S"&tt "h&&ses an aartment /ith nine &ther men and /&men "&mani&ns. He "&uld ha%e a

ri%ate aartment 'ut he is in the m&&d !&r +r&u li%in+. He +i%es instru"ti&ns t& the "y'ernat&r in theaartment t& i"$ u his system &! re!eren"es !r&m C&r"en. Thus, /ithin the limits &! the re!eren"es &his "&mani&ns in the aartment, S"&tt /ill "&ntinue t& !eel er!e"tly at h&me.

C+rcu"ar C+t+es

)any &! the "&l&r!ul "ities in the t/enty!irst "entury are laid &ut in the "ir"ular attern S"&tt &'ser%ed!r&m the air. The "entral hu' &! the "ity has a nu"lear +enerat&r that r&du"es all &! the &/er needed t&&erate the milli&ns &! in%isi'le ele"tr&ni" ser%ants that silently !ree the e&le t& li%e !ul!illin+, "reati%e

li%es. The "entral "&re &! ea"h "ity als& "&ntains a master "&muter that "y'erneti"ally /at"hes &%er the"ity as a /h&le. 5t is "&nne"ted t& e%ery r&&m in the entire "ity and als& C&r"en. This master "y'ernat&r,&eratin+ as the "ity hall &! !&rmer times, /&r$s aut&mati"ally and n&rmally has n& humans inattendan"e.

The resear"h la'&rat&ries are l&"ated in the !irst rin+ &! 'uildin+s that en"ir"le the &/er and "&muter"&re. H&sital !a"ilities ad*&in the medi"al resear"h area. These m&dern h&sitals +i%e medi"al "are &rnursin+ "are t& a &ulati&n &! ,888,888 e&le /ith a sta!! &! &nly 8, /h& "&ntri'ute their ser%i"es !r&time t& time 'e"ause &! their interest in this /&r$. There is, &! "&urse, mu"h less illness in the ne/ /&rldthan in re%i&us "enturies, and there are ra"ti"ally n& a""idents. #isasters and a""idents /ere alm&steliminated 'y an attitude t&/ard en+ineerin+ that minimi2ed e"&n&my and ma4imi2ed sa!ety. All

dia+n&sti" te"hni0ues, la'&rat&ries, sur+ery, 'eha%i&ral assistan"e, and nursin+ r&"edures are"y'ernated. The small sta!! er!&rms n& r&utine duties in the "y'ernated h&sital. They are &nly there t&hel in the rare e%ent &! a r&'lem.

The se"&nd rin+ !r&m the "&re "&ntains multist&ry aartments. They are &%er a 0uartermile !r&m theresear"h rin+. Re"reati&nal !a"ilities and "ir"ular ar$s surr&und the aartments &n '&th sides &! the rin+

<hen S"&tt +&es !r&m his aartment t& any art &! the "ity, he as$s the "y'ernat&r t& summ&n an aut&.

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As S"&tt ar&a"hes the %ehi"le, the d&&r aut&mati"ally &ens and the seat s/in+s &ut. S"&tt %er'ally+i%es his destinati&n and re"lines &n the "&nt&ur "hair. He is then !ree t& read, t& thin$, &r simly t& rela4<ithin minutes the aut& "hau!!eurs him t& /here%er he /ishes t& +& in the "ity. All %ehi"les ha%er&4imity me"hanisms !&r the re%enti&n &! /hat /ere !&rmerly "alled 1a""idents1 'ut are n&/ "&nsiderete"hni"al ne+li+en"e in lannin+ the trans&rtati&n system.

These aut&s are a%aila'le thr&u+h&ut the entire "ity !&r the use &! e%ery&ne. <hen S"&tt +ets &ut at theresear"h la'&rat&ry, the aut& is dire"ted 'y the "ityMs "y'ernat&r t& the ne4t &int at /hi"h it /ill r&'a'ly'e needed.

S"&tt al/ays en*&ys the /arm !eelin+s &! team/&r$ and "&&erati&n that are e4erien"ed 'y e&le/&r$in+ t&+ether &n "&mm&n r&'lems. There is an esprit de corpsGa !eelin+ &! man a+ainst theun$n&/n: a !eelin+ &! "&ntri'utin+ si+ni!i"antly t& the resent and !uture hainess &! all man$ind. De&in the t/enty!irst "entury are ea+er t& a""et &&rtunities !&r arti"iati&n and resear"h. They are ne%aid !&r this a"ti%ity as had 'een "&mm&n in re%i&us "enturies. H&/ "&uld they 'e aidL They alreadyha%e e%ery material res&ur"e &! the t/enty!irst"entury "i%ili2ati&n a%aila'le !&r their use. They are n&t

e%en 1aid1 'y resti+e &r status.

Alm&st e%ery&ne at &ne time &r an&ther lays a art &n %ari&us resear"h teams. 5! s&me&ne d&esnMt, itreally d&esnMt matter. The &nly re/ard lies n&t &n the &utside, 'ut &n the inside. 5t "&mes !r&m theleasure that &ne +ets !r&m e4er"isin+ his mind, !r&m +r&/th and imr&%ement, !r&m the leasures &!understandin+, and, !r&m the "&ntented !eelin+ &! sayin+, 1<ell, /e "ertainly s&l%ed that &ne.1

&he Genet+cs Laboratory

The la'&rat&ry t& /hi"h S"&tt is assi+ned se"iali2es in the maniulati&n &! the #NA and RNA stru"ture&! human +enes. The e&le &! the t/enty!irst "entury ha%e /&r$ed &ut te"hni0ues !&r %aryin+ thestru"ture &! the human '&dy. (y usin+ a "&muter t& "han+e %ari&us sets am&n+ the !i%e 'illi&nse"i!i"ati&ns "arried 'y #NA and RNA m&le"ules, alm&st any "han+e may 'e made in a human '&dy.Their ma*&r "&n"ern at this &int lies n&t, !&r e4amle, in h&/ t& e0ui a human 'ein+ /ith t/& heartsinstead &! the usual &ne, 'ut in /hether su"h an arran+ement /ill add t& human hainess.

1All "han+es made in the stru"ture and !un"ti&n &! human 'ein+s are !irst th&r&u+hly tested in resear"hla's,1 S"&tt is in!&rmed. 1Then e4erimental and "&ntr&l +r&us are set u t& +et %alid "&maris&ns. N&imr&%ements are "&nsidered desira'le in their &/n ri+ht. N& +uessin+ is ermitted. 5t has 'een !&undthat s&methin+ that "an seem li$e a +reat idea mi+ht turn &ut in ra"ti"e t& 'e n&thin+ &! the s&rt. All

ideas !&r the +eneti" imr&%ement &! human 'ein+s are th&r&u+hly tried &ut, usually &%er a eri&d &!de"ades, 'e!&re they are +enerally ad&ted !&r r&+rammin+ int& the ne/ +enerati&n. The d&&r is al/ayle!t &en. M(luerintsM !&r +enes are al/ays st&red in "ase !uture +enerati&ns e%aluate di!!erently and /ist& eliminate any "han+es made.1

S"&tt is 0ui"$ly 'r&u+ht u t& date &n resear"h in r&+ress. Trial runs in%&l%in+ 88 e&le are n&/ 'einmade /ith 'rain stru"tures "&ntainin+ t/enty 'illi&n neur&nsGd&u'le the usual num'er. Other r&*e"ts ir&+ress are desi+nin+ eyes that "an shi!t !r&m re+ular %isi&n t& teles"&i" and mi"r&s"&i" %isi&n and

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alterin+ the li%er t& "han+e the "&m&siti&n &! the 'l&&d in a /ay that seems t& add ? er "ent t& thehuman li!e san.

They are e4erimentin+ /ith an imr&%ed h&rm&ne 'alan"e !&r /&men that eliminates the m&nthly "y"le&! m&&dinessG menstruati&n /as eliminated re%i&usly 'y desi+nin+ a uterus /ith a sta'le linin+. )en

ha%e als& 'ene!ited !r&m the imr&%ed te"hni0ues &! +eneti" maniulati&n. A +reater "lima4 !re0uen"yn&/ ena'les them t& er!&rm at the hi+h le%el usually desired 'y t/enty!irst "entury /&men.

S"&tt $n&/s that in re%i&us times there /ere !i%e ra"es &! man$ind. Sin"e indi%iduality and di%ersity areri2ed in the t/enty!irst "entury, these +eneti"s la'&rat&ries ha%e r&du"ed ei+ht m&re ra"es. C&r"en issee$in+ data t& determine /hether additi&nal ra"es sh&uld 'e desi+ned t& add e%en m&re %ariety t& theli%es &! !uture men and /&men.

Su&se a art &! the '&dy sh&uld /ear &ut &r +et in*ured. H&/ "&uld /e +et a duli"ate &r+anL Ea"h "in the '&dy "&ntains a 'luerint !&r +r&/in+ a rela"ement art. Resear"h is in r&+ress t& use a "ell !r&the '&dy &! an in*ured ers&n t& +r&/ an identi"al art in%itr& that a "y'ernated sur+i"al me"hanism

"&uld install.

One &! the m&st e4"itin+ ne/ de%el&ments is a 'uiltin re"et&r that ma$es it &ssi'le t& "&nne"t &neMs'rain dire"tly /ith C&r"en &r any &ther inut s&ur"e. 5! in%ited, y&u "an tune int& an&ther ers&nMs 'rainand share his th&u+hts and !eelin+s /ith&ut the dist&rtin+ e!!e"ts &! /&rds. <hen this is er!e"ted, anysensati&ns "an 'e e4erien"ed thr&u+h dire"t neur&nal inut.

Other resear"hers are de%el&in+ a li!etime imlanted "&mmuni"ati&n unit that /&uld ermit t/&/ayth&u+ht messa+es. (y th&u+ht, &ne "&uld re0uest !r&m C&r"en a 'it &! in!&rmati&n, and it /&uld 'ea%aila'le immediately. Su"h th&u+ht "&mmuni"ati&n /ith &thers /&uld, /hen er!e"ted, &!!er anele"tr&ni" reali2ati&n &! /hat used t& 'e "alled 1mental teleathy.1

(rea$thr&u+hs are 'ein+ made in "&ntr&llin+ the !a"t&rs that ermit "ells t& a+e. A+in+ is "&nsidered adisease 'y these men and /&men. They are "&n!ident that /hen it is !ully underst&&d, it "an 'eeliminated. A 1y&uth serum1 that in"ludes thyr&4ine and a mi4ture &! h&rm&nes has d&u'led the years &!%itality and has added an a%era+e &! @> er "ent t& the li!e san in a test &n la'&rat&ry animals.

1Humility /hen !a"in+ the un$n&/n is &ur d&minant theme,1 &ne &! the &lder men says t& S"&tt. 1<e arer&du"in+ thin+s that 'y the standards &! re%i&us "enturies /&uld ha%e 'een re+arded as !antasti"mira"les. Yet, n& matter h&/ su""ess!ully &ur e4eriment turns &ut, /e al/ays lea%e the d&&r &en !&rimr&%in+ the results. <e ne%er 'elie%e /e ha%e the 'est /ay. <e al/ays ha%e the !eelin+, M5t seems t&'e /&r$in+ /ell n&/, 'ut it hasnMt st&&d the test &! "enturies &r millenia. 3etMs +& sl&/ly and n&t "l&se an

d&&rs 'ehind us.M 15ra+n 5oosters

J&hn F. Kennedy said in the ast "entury, 1The human mind is &ur !undamental res&ur"e. . . .1 S"&tt$n&/s that the +reatest a"hie%ement &! these +eneti" la'&rat&ries durin+ the ast hal!"entury /as theimlantati&n &! a !in+ersi2ed &r+ani" "&muter in the +r&/in+ em'ry&ni" 'rain. E%ery&ne in the ne/

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s&"iety that is under !i!ty years &ld has this ne/ de%el&ment. Sin"e S"&tt is &nly , he has the 'ene!it this 'rea$thr&u+h in desi+nin+ human 'ein+s. (y maniulati&n &! the #NA and RNA m&le"ules, a smallau4iliary 'rain /as de%el&ed that is nurtured in%itr& &utside &! the human '&dy.

<hen the "&rti"al "ells &! this sulementary 'rain "&mlete their r&li!erati&n, they are ele"tr&ni"ally

"&nne"ted /ith C&r"en. These 'rains are then imrinted /ith the 'asi" attitudes and s$ills needed !&r&rientati&n in the t/enty!irst "entury. S"&tt /at"hes as the "y'ernated !a"ilities r&+ram the small 'ut&tent 'rain '&&sters. T& the three RMs &! re%i&us timesGreadin+, Mritin+, and Mrithmeti"Gan additi&nalse%en RMs, as &utlined 'y #r. <illiam A. )"Call in the t/entieth "entury, are in"luded;

B::ABH The ali"ati&n &! the s"ienti!i" meth&d as a /ay &! li!e that ena'les man t& test ideas t& determine theirrelia'ility.

B:A?2&2'The desire and a'ility t& maniulate ideas in a "reati%e and l&+i"al /ay. Ad*ustin+ "&nstru"ti%ely t& ne/

situati&ns and ma$in+ e!!e"ti%e "h&i"es.

B:LAT&?2H&!Attitudes and s$ills that ena'le a ers&n t& intera"t and "&mmuni"ate /ith &thers in /ays that 'rin+ma4imum mutual satis!a"ti&ns.

B:!?BT&2'The use &! all senses in /ays that r&du"e the ri"hest and m&st a""urate inut t& the 'rain and &utut t&&thers.

B:B:AT&?2

The attitudes and s$ills /hi"h ermit the use &! &neMs time t& a"hie%e a multidimensi&nal li!e.B:M&TAL&KAT&?2 #iet, health, and sa!ety s$ills that add years t& li!e, and li!e t& years.

B:!?2&$&L&TY The !eelin+ &! layin+ an im&rtant art &n the human team in the +ame &! li!e. The a'ility t& !indsatis!a"ti&n in assistin+ and arti"iatin+G'ut al/ays /ithin the limits &ne "an +i%e /ith&ut resentment.

As su++ested 'y )"Call, ea"h &! these RMs is t/&hasedGan attitude hase and a s$ill hase. 5t is n&ten&u+h that the y&un+ 'e r&%ided /ith the s$ills &! reas&nin+. 5t is e0ually im&rtant that they !indleasure in reas&nin+. 5t is n&t en&u+h that the y&un+ $n&/ h&/ t& read. They need t& en*&y readin+.

S"&tt &!ten uses his sulemental 'rain as a simle "&muter.

He "an multily, di%ide, add. &r su'tra"t any si4 di+it num'er in a eri&d &! ten se"&nds. A "&mlete%&"a'ulary and understandin+ &! the +rammati"al stru"ture &! the uni%ersal lan+ua+e is als& imrinted.

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5n additi&n t& 'ein+ r&%ided /ith an array &! the 'asi" t&&ls and s$ills needed !&r &rientati&n, thissulementary 'rain is als& imrinted /ith in!&rmati&n e0ui%alent t& a Dh.#. le%el in t/el%e di!!erent area&! learnin+. These areas are sele"ted at rand&m 'y C&r"en in su"h a /ay that !e/ indi%iduals ha%e thesame attern &! intelle"tual de%el&ment. C&r"en als& sele"ts &ne area &! learnin+ and imrints thissulementary 'rain /ith e%ery 'it &! in!&rmati&n in this area that has 'een a""umulated in the e4tensi%e

mem&ry 'an$s.

F&r instan"e, i! a sulementary 'rain is "h&sen t& re"ei%e 1"&mlete1 in!&rmati&n in the !ield &!anthr&&l&+y, it is imrinted /ith a /&rd'y/&rd rer&du"ti&n &! e%ery /&rth/hile arti"le e%er u'lishedin that !ield that has 'een re"&rded in the mem&ry 'an$s &! C&r"en. 5t is imrinted /ith e%ery '&&$, e%erre"&rded le"ture 'y eminent e&le in the !ield &! anthr&&l&+y, e4tensi%e simulated !ield e4erien"e,lus a 'rie!in+ &! all /&r$ n&/ in r&+ress. This is an internal treasure &! $n&/led+e that the indi%idual"an ne%er li%e l&n+ en&u+h t& e4haust "&mletely. (ut it /ill al/ays 'e there in his 'rain, a%aila'le !&ruse t& the e4tent that the indi%idual "an use it.

A!ter these sulementary 'rains are matured and !ully imrinted /ith this en&rm&us ass&rtment &!attitudes and s$ills and their su'&rdinate in!&rmati&ns, they are atta"hed t& a +r&/in+ em'ry& at a time &raid r&li!erati&n &! the e"t&derm. <hen the e"t&derm 'e+ins this sta+e, the sulementary 'rain israidly a's&r'ed and inte+rated int& the human ner%&us system. Sin"e this imlantati&n "ann&t 'eer!&rmed satis!a"t&rily in an em'ry& inside the '&dy &! a /&man, 'a'ies are +r&/n !r&m #NAen+ineered +erm lasm in the "y'ernated 1uterine1 "&ntainers.

The serm and e++ "ell used 'y the human ra"e in the l&n+ e%&luti&nary ast are n& l&n+er needed.Rer&du"ti%e "ells are r&du"ed in the la'&rat&ry that are desi+ned t& de%el& int& %astly imr&%ed%ersi&ns &! Homo sapiens. These "ells are en+ineered 'y C&r"en and "an 'e r&+rammed t& de%el&int& male &r !emale em'ry&s. At the a+e &! ar&4imately nine m&nths, the de%el&ed in!ant is rem&%ed

t& "&ntinue its +r&/th in the "y'ernated nurseries.A /&man &! the t/enty!irst "entury d&es n&t /ant an in!ant t& emer+e !r&m her %a+ina any m&re than aman in re%i&us times /&uld ha%e desired a 'a'y t& +r&/ in his '&dy. Just as n& man &r /&man in thet/entieth "entury /&uld $n&/in+ly ha%e 'r&u+ht int& the /&rld an im'e"ile 'a'y, it /&uld 'e e0uallya'h&rrent !&r any t/enty!irst"entury man &r /&man t& 'rin+ int& the /&rld a 'a'y that is n&t e0uied/ith this sulementary 'rain. Su"h a ers&n, e%en th&u+h &ssessed /ith an 5.Q. e0ual t& EinsteinMs,/&uld !eel li$e a m&r&n relati%e t& his "&mani&ns.

S"&tt is a/are that the imlantati&n &! this 'rain '&&ster d&es n&t aut&mati"ally r&du"e an in!ant /h& "s&l%e r&'lems in "al"ulus. The res&ur"e is thereGa%aila'le 'ut untaedG*ust as the "aa"ity &! y&un)&2art e4isted at 'irth e%en th&u+h his in!ant !in+ers had ne%er t&u"hed the $eys &! a ian&. Onlymaturati&n "an r&%ide the e4erien"e and m&ti%ati&n that ena'les these y&un+ in!ants &! the t/enty!irs"entury t& ma$e use &! their +reat herita+e.

&he Ch+"d Is '+s 5est &eacher

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N& attemt is made t& tea"h these "hildren anythin+. There are n& s"h&&ls &r tea"hers. Their tea"her isthe multidimensi&nal en%ir&nment that is desi+ned t& interest, stimulate, and "hallen+e. The 'asi"in!&rmati&n they need has 'een imlanted in their sulementary 'rains. 5t has 'een !&und that anyattemt t& tea"h them &nly retards the learnin+ r&"ess. E4eriments ha%e sh&/n that the 'est /ay is t&let these "hildren e4l&re their en%ir&nment. 5! y&u /ant a "hild t& learn t& /&r$ a de%i"e, y&u ut it near

him. He d&es the rest. His natural "uri&sity leads him t& &'ser%e the &erati&n &! the teler&*e"ti&ns"reen, and he 'e+ins t& re0uest C&r"en t& !urnish him /ith r&+rams. These "&%er the entire ran+e &!$n&/led+e and entertainment. H&/e%er, &'s"ene material used &n T and m&%ies in the re%i&us"entury, sh&/in+ 'rutality, murder, and sadism, are n&t a%aila'le in the nursery.

<hen a "hild &'ser%es thin+s that "&rrelate /ith in!&rmati&n r&+rammed int& his sulementary 'rain, !lash &! insi+ht "&mes. He is literally &n !ire intelle"tually. His th&u+hts ra"e int& the e4"itin+ ne/ areas &thin$in+ and !eelin+ that he is dis"&%erin+ inside himsel!. He learns that the sirit &! "reati%e in0uiry is &n&! the m&st deli+ht!ul thin+s that he "an e4erien"e. A +reat !eelin+ &! di+nity and /&rth is a"hie%ed asthe "hild e4l&res his &/n inner res&ur"es and inte+rates them int& his e4andin+ /&rld &! e&le andthin+sI

Children are n&t in!&rmed a'&ut the areas in /hi"h their 'rains ha%e 'een rer&+rammed. Theydis"&%er these !&r themsel%es. The +reatest thrill "&mes /hen they dis"&%er the &ne area in /hi"h theyha%e t&tal in!&rmati&n. N& &ther human $n&/s the rer&+rammin+ &! their sulementary 'rains. Thesatterns ha%e 'een set u 'y C&r"en t& add si"e and ad%enture t& li!e. 1S"ienti!i" resear"h hasesta'lished that the "uri&sity &! a human "hild is many times the am&unt needed !&r his intelle"tualde%el&ment i! en%ir&nmental "&nditi&ns are stimulatin+ and there are n& tea"hers t& inter!ere,1 S"&ttMsass&"iate tells him. 1E%ery&ne /h& ass&"iates /ith +r&/in+ "hildren is instru"ted t& a%&id tellin+ them/hat they sh&uld &r sh&uldnMt d&. (a"$ in the t/entieth "entury, edu"ati&n /as s&metimes "&nsidered ar&"ess &! helin+ a "hild !it int& s&"iety. N&/ /e $n&/ that !ittin+ int& s&"iety may 'e ta$en !&r +ranted

!&r /e ha%e !&und that "hildren raised /ith&ut h&stility and s"ar"ity de%el& s&"ial s$ills that ena'le themt& a"hie%e the !inest &ssi'le relati&ns /ith &ther e&le.

1Th&se /h& ass&"iate /ith "hildren thin$ &nly &! understandin+ the !eelin+s and interests &! the "hild.They as$ the "hildren 0uesti&ns and ra"ti"ally ne%er +i%e them ans/ers. The "hildren ha%e t& !ind their&/n ans/ersGerhas !r&m the limitless !a"ilities &! C&r"en. This ma$es li!e m&re e4"itin+ and ne%er'li+htin+.

They de%el& a !eelin+ &! intelle"tual ad%enture. The "hild de%el&s /ith ers&nal authenti"ity.1

&he Creat+e Adenture o/ (ducat+ona" Research

The men and /&men /h& en*&y the "hallen+e &! imr&%in+ the ne4t +enerati&n ha%e de%el&edth&usands &! ne/ /ays t& meet the needs &! in!ants and "hildren. N&thin+ is ta$en !&r +ranted. 3ittle is"&ied !r&m the ast. The e&le /h& are /&r$in+ in this area &! the ne/ "i%ili2ati&n d& n&t !eel they ha%any !inal ans/ers. They $n&/ that they are +ettin+ results. They are "&n!ident that their meth&ds aresueri&r t& any /ays &! rearin+ "hildren that ha%e e%er 'een used 'e!&re in the hist&ry &! the /&rld. The

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$n&/ that 'y &'ser%in+ "are!ully and thin$in+ "reati%ely and 'y "&ntinually measurin+ the results, they /!ind m&re e!!e"ti%e /ays &! d&in+ thin+s. <hate%er 1err&rs1 they are n&/ ma$in+ /ill e%entually 'e"&rre"ted.

Thr&u+h sensiti%e, s"ienti!i" resear"h an e!!e"ti%e en%ir&nment !&r ea"h a+e le%el has 'een e%&l%ed.

C&nstant resear"h is in r&+ress t& !ind &ut *ust /hat is haenin+ and h&/ it "an 'e imr&%ed. 5t has'een !&und that an en%ir&nment that +i%es &timal en*&yment and de%el&ment at si4 m&nths retards at&ne year. The surr&undin+s that are 'est !&r a &ne year &ld /ill h&ld 'a"$ a t/& year &ld, and s& !&rth.reat "are is ta$en t& r&%ide an en%ir&nment that is s"aled t& meet the needs &! ea"h indi%idual a+ele%el.

1The nurseries are desi+ned s& that the "hild ne%er needs "&rre"ti&n, !&r it "an d& n&thin+ undesira'le inthis en%ir&nment,1 S"&tt is t&ld. 15n the t/entieth "entury a t&ddler &! t/& years &ld "&uld hardly d&anythin+ ri+ht. E%ery time it turned ar&und it had t& 'e adm&nished, MN&I #&nMt +& &ut in the street, y&uMll'e $illed. #&nMt rea"h u t& the t& &! the dresser 'e"ause y&u mi+ht uset )&mmyMs '&ttle &! er!ume.#&nMt ull the tail &! the d&+, &r he mi+ht 'ite y&u,M and s& !&rth. Su"h "&nstant '&m'ardment &! a y&un+

"hild ma$es him a li!el&n+ sla%e t& e4ternal atterns.1

&he Cybernated Nurser+es

S"&tt sees that the nurseries &! y&un+ "hildren in the t/enty!irst "entury are s"aled d&/n in si2e s& that"hildren ha%e n& !eelin+ &! 'ein+ small and in!eri&r. All natural !un"ti&ns, su"h as eatin+, eliminatin+,layin+, sleein+, and s& !&rth, "an 'e d&ne in any /ay that the "hild "h&&ses in the "y'ernated nursery3i%in+ areas are en+ineered in su"h a /ay that "hildren "an n&t hurt ea"h &ther ri&r t& the time that thede%el& their !eelin+ &! emathy !&r all li%in+ thin+s. These 'a'ies +r&/ u in an atm&shere !ree !r&m

h&stility, "riti"ism, deri%ati&n, s"ar"ity, and *eal&usy. They are thus a'le t& de%el& &siti%e !eelin+s &!"&&erati&n and "&mradeshi !&r all &ther human 'ein+s that /ere im&ssi'le !&r indi%iduals /h& li%ed re%i&us "enturies.

F&&d is eaten /hen desired. There is n& attern &! 'rea$!ast, lun"h, and dinner, su"h as /as "&mm&n inre%i&us "enturies. This threetimesaday eatin+ ha'it /as r&'a'ly desi+ned !&r the "&n%enien"e &!"&&$s m&re than the needs &! indi%iduals. S"ienti!i" resear"h has sh&/n that the human '&dy &erates'est /hen it sna"$s &n nutriti&us !&&ds at !re0uent inter%als. The eatin+ &! three lar+e meals results in'i&"hemi"al rea"ti&ns that are n&t "&nsistent /ith the hi+hest le%el &! health.

S"&tt $n&/s that in re%i&us "enturies mealtime /as &!ten a stru++le 'et/een m&ther and "hild. 1Just

taste itGy&u may li$e it. #&nMt h&ld y&ur !&r$ that /ayGitMs n&t &lite. Y&u ha%enMt !inished y&ur late.Y&uM%e dr&ed !&&d all &%er y&ur shirt.1 5t /as &!ten a nuisan"e !&r a m&ther t& !eed a y&un+ "hild in theast, and she s&metimes 'e"ame imatient d&in+ it. E%en an in!ant senses !eelin+s &! imatien"e andh&stility, and thus the seeds &! inse"urity and !ear /ere lanted in his ers&nality.

U until the t/enty!irst "entury m&st &! the /ays &! handlin+ "hildren /ere 'ased &n the needs &!arents and adults. F&r e4amle, /hen men and /&men e4erimented t& !ind a 'etter /ay t& !eed at/entym&nth&ld "hild, they !&und that the "hild en*&yed uttin+ 'itesi2ed nu++ets in its m&uth and

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su"$in+ !&&d !r&m the nileli$e s&uts. The "hildren at this a+e le%el als& en*&yed ressin+ a ad /hi"/&uld release small /a!ers /ith an a""&manyin+ musi"al t&ne. Feedin+ systems /ere set u thatena'led the "hildren t& eat /hene%er they /ished. The "hildren usually /ere n&isily e4u'erant, 'ut there/ere n& adults t& 'e ann&yed. And there /as n& mess t& 'e "leaned u 'y /eary, harried m&thersGthe"y'ernated "leanin+ me"hanisms /ere &n the *&'. Eatin+ /as al/ays !unI

5n the ast 'athin+ y&un+ "hildren /as s&metimes a nuisan"e and irritati&n t& '&th m&ther and "hild. )eand /&men &! the t/enty!irst "entury as$ed themsel%es, 1H&/ d& y&u set u a 'athin+ situati&n s& thaty&un+ "hildren are aut&mati"ally attra"ted t& itL1 They didnMt /ant adults t& ha%e t& 'r&/'eat they&un+sters t& tell them it /as time t& +et their 'ath. They /anted the 'athin+ situati&n t& !it in /ith theneeds and interests &! the "hild as !elt 'y the "hild. They /anted the "hild t& "lean himsel! and +et a 'atsimly 'e"ause he /anted t&. (ut h&/ d& y&u ma$e an ei+hteenm&nth&ld "hild /ant t& ta$e a 'athLThey !&und that they had t& ma$e 'athin+ leasant. A!ter many e4eriments they dis"&%ered that a si4in"h &&l &! /arm s/irlin+ /ater /ith rand&m sh&/er srays that +i%e a ni"e !eelin+ &n the s$in is m&ste!!e"ti%e.

S"&tt lau+hs as he /at"hes the "hildren en*&yin+ the "y'ernated 'ath. A s"reen in the '&tt&m &! the &&aut&mati"ally "&mes u i! a "hildMs head +&es under /ater. <hen the "hild +ets tired &! layin+ in the/ater, he "an either dry naturally in the /arm air &r lie d&/n &n a r&"$in+ t&/el "&u"h that r&lls him &%erand &%er. S&metimes "hildren lie in these r&"$in+ t&/el "&u"hes *ust 'e"ause they en*&y themG/hethethey need dryin+ &r n&t.

T&ilet trainin+ is als& simli!ied t& ma$e it leasant !&r the "hild and !ree &! menial a"ti%ity !&r adults. Ay&un+ t&ddler "an urinate and de!e"ate at any time &r la"e in his se"ially desi+ned en%ir&nment. The"y'ernat&rs /at"hin+ &%er the "hildren immediately sense /etness and an aut&mati", r&%in+, "leanin+me"hanism "leans u the !l&&r and "hild. Sin"e n& !uss &r +uilt arises &%er t&ilet trainin+, the "hildren

learn t& use the t&ilet me"hanisms at an earlier a+e than in the ast.1An ama2in+ dis"&%ery has 'een made in these "y'ernated nurseries,1 S"&ttMs ass&"iate tells him /ith+reat enthusiasm. 1The in!eri&rity "&mle4, /hi"h sy"h&l&+ists and sy"hiatrists had re+arded as a'asi" art &! human ers&nality, d&es n&t de%el&I <e d&nMt destr&y their !eelin+ &! /&rth durin+ theirde!enseless "hildh&&d. This may 'e the !irst era in human hist&ry that has r&du"ed "&n!ident, se"urehumans /ith n& imediments t& a"hie%in+ the +reatest *&y &! li%in+.1

Learn+n# 5y Se"/9D+rected L++n#

S"&tt &'ser%es the series &! en%ir&nments that ena'le the in!ants and "hildren t& de%el& t& the !ullest ine%ery /ay. 5t has 'een !&und that a +raded series &! t/el%e en%ir&nments is needed t& de%el& thene/'&rn t& the a+e &! !i%e. A!ter the t/&year le%el is rea"hed, the "hild de"ides !&r himsel! /hen t& +& tthe ne4t en%ir&nment. 5t is n&t "&nsidered 1'ri+ht1 !&r a "hild t& ush himsel! t& an ad%an"ed en%ir&nmenas l&n+ as he is "&m!&rta'le and interested in the "urrent en%ir&nment.

The ad%an"ed en%ir&nments !&r the &lder "hildren ha%e e0uiment and !a"ilities that /&uld ha%e 'een

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una%aila'le e%en at uni%ersity le%els in the re%i&us "entury. Tea"hin+ ma"hines ha%e 'een desi+ned t&attra"t and h&ld the interest &! the "hildren. Threedimensi&nal teler&*e"ti&ns &! e%ery $ind are a%aila'lethr&u+h C&r"en at any time &! ni+ht &r day. All a"ti%ity is sel!m&ti%ated. There are n& "lasses, n&tea"hers, and n& tests. The edu"ati&nal resear"hers are "&nstantly ama2ed at the intelli+ent sel!dire"ti&&! these y&un+ "hildren. They learn m&re raidly /hen le!t al&ne in their se"ially desi+ned en%ir&nment

than any re%i&us "hildren /h& /ere ut in lar+e '&4es "alled s"h&&lr&&ms, "&mlete /ith )iss (r&&$s s&&n !eed in!&rmati&n and then !&r"e them t& re+ur+itate it at e4aminati&n time.

These "hildren are ne%er su'*e"ted t& "riti"ism, !&r it has 'een !&und that "riti"ism reresses and redu"etheir &tential. They are surr&unded 'y "&nstru"ti%e e4amles in la"e &! "riti"ism. Their e+&s d& n&tneed the am&unt &! raise that /as s& e!!e"ti%e in tea"hin+ in the ast. Ea"h is !ree t& meet li!e &n his&/n terms and t& learn t& e4ress his emer+in+ uni0ueness. Derhas n& re%i&us s&"iety "&uld let"hildren de%el& s& !ully as indi%iduals and at the same time r&%ide them /ith a "ultural herita+e &! su"en&rm&us ri"hness.

There are !e/ adults in the "y'ernated en%ir&nments &! the "hildren. The adults /h& are there ha%e

"h&sen t& send time /ith "hildren !&r &ne reas&n &nlyGthey en*&y it. They ne%er a"t as dis"ilinarianssin"e the "y'ernated en%ir&nments are s& desi+ned that n& "hild "an hurt himsel! &r &thers. A rela4ed"&mani&nshi &! a 0uality that ne%er e4isted 'e!&re 'et/een arents and "hildren de%el&s 'et/eenthese adults and the "hildren.

&he Greatest Research %ro#ra$

1Dre%i&us "enturies /ere eras &! s"ar"ity,1 S"&ttMs ass&"iate reas&ns, 1and this s"ar"ity /as n&t &nly inmaterial +&&ds. Fe/ "hildren in the ast !elt en&u+h l&%e, /armth, se"urity, !eelin+ &! /&rth, and !reed&mt& de%el& in their &/n /ay. They /ere sti!led 'y "riti"ism, "&maris&n, and "ensure. Only in the t/enty

!irst "entury has the "reati%e intelli+en"e &! man s&l%ed these r&'lems. At last, little "hildren aear t&ha%e their needs met. (ut ea"h de"ade sh&/s that !urther imr&%ement is &ssi'le.

1One &! the m&st "&ntinu&us needs &! a "hild is that &! a !eelin+ &! se"urity, &! human "l&seness, and &!ra&rt /ith a !riendly /&rld.1 S"&tt /at"hes a +r&u &! y&un+ in!ants in their "y'ernated "ri's as his"&mani&n leads him thr&u+h the nursery. 1The m&st intensi%e resear"h r&+ram in human hist&ry /aslaun"hed t& +i%e e!!e"ti%e s&luti&ns t& the en&rm&us r&'lems in desi+nin+ "y'ernated en%ir&nments !&y&un+ "hildren that /ere sueri&r in all rese"ts t& the traditi&nal !amily and h&me. H&/ "an a s&&thin+"y'ernated %&i"e esta'lish ra&rt /ith an in!antL H&/ "an a threedimensi&nal, teleta"tile arm that is !e'y an in!ant in his "ri' 'e a"ti%ated t& +i%e e%en m&re se"urity and !eelin+ &! "&nstan"y than a m&therMsarm &! the re%i&us "enturyL H&/ "an "y'ernated me"hanisms 'e desi+ned t& +i%e "hildren m&re/armth and m&re &! e%erythin+ they need than e%en a sueri&r m&ther "&uld +i%e in re%i&us timesLH&/ "an ma"hines !&rm the lin$ 'et/een /&rds and thin+s s& that lan+ua+e ha'its are "reatedL <hattyes &! situati&ns d& these t/enty!irst"entury in!ants and "hildren need t& de%el& a t&leran"e !&r!rustrati&nGt& de%el& atien"e and "almness /hen thin+s d& n&t +& as e4e"tedL T& /hat e4tent "anthe &lder "hildren 'e relied &n t& a"t as m&dels !&r y&un+er &nesL T& /hat e4tent are adult m&delsneeded in the en%ir&nment &! in!ants and "hildren at %ari&us a+esL <hat is the 'est /ay t& +i%e a "hilde4erien"e /ith the adult en%ir&nment s& that he "an a"0uire an indeenden"e and !eel at h&me in the/&rldL (it 'y 'it, resear"h yields ans/ers t& these and "&untless &ther r&'lems.

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1N& t/entieth"entury ans/ers t& these 0uesti&ns are ali"a'le in &ur /&rld. O%erall "&nditi&ns ha%e"han+ed t&& mu"h t& use the &ld M/isd&m.M F&r the !irst time in the hist&ry &! man, "reati%e, s"ienti!i"intelli+en"e is alied t& the r&'lems &! +i%in+ "hildren the ma4imum &! e%erythin+ they need t& de%el&satis!yin+, ur&se!ul li%es. 5t t&&$ de"ades t& arri%e at the reliminary atterns &! the "y'ernated nurser(ut erhas e%en +reater "han+e a/aits us in the !uture, !&r the nurturin+ &! the y&un+ is the !&undati&n

&! e%ery "i%ili2ati&n.1

An A#e o/ Ind++dua"+ty

On the /all in the "&n!eren"e r&&m, a lar+e &rtrait aears. (el&/ the !rame S"&tt reads the /&rds &!the s"ientist that !&unded this la'&rat&ry in 78;

?ur society is patterned for individuals. All social structures and physical arrangements aredesigned to meet the needs of individuals and accommodate almost any diversity. %e do not feethat children should do anything other than what they select themselves. CLife( Liberty( and the

!ursuit of HappinessC applies e<ually to children.

The t&ur &! the "y'ernated nurseries is alm&st &%er. S"&tt is imressed 'y the "han+es that ha%e&""urred in the nurseries sin"e he /as a "hild. 13earnin+ is a li!etime r&"ess that starts at the time thesulementary 'rain is imlanted in the +r&/in+ ner%&us system &! the em'ry&,1 his "&/&r$er &ints &u1Edu"ati&n is &nly st&ed 'y death. There is n& +raduati&n &r dil&ma that arti!i"ially "h&s u thelearnin+ r&"ess.

1The &nly thin+ "&mara'le t& +raduati&n usually &""urs /hen a "hild is a'&ut !i%e years &ld. <hen the"hildMs intera"ti&n /ith C&r"en sh&/s that he "an sa!ely 'e ermitted t& lea%e the nursery area, he is

/el"&med as a !ull mem'er &! s&"iety. He is then entitled t& his &/n aartment. He 'e+ins t& ma$e his&/n "h&i"es &! /hat he /ants t& d& and /here he /ants t& li%e.1

1Y&un+sters are ama2in+,1 a+rees S"&tt. 1There are ei+htyear&ld +irls that tra%el t& the m&&n and li%ethere se%eral years. 5 $ne/ a se%enyear&ld '&y /h& /as in%ited t& *&in the "re/ &! a sa"e shi.1

1Children, h&/e%er,1 S"&ttMs ass&"iate "&ntinues, 1are n&t m&ti%ated t& de%el& int& adult r&les at anyarti"ular a+e. <hen it haens, it haens. N& &ne is /at"hin+ them. N& &ne measures them. N& &ne"&mares them. N& &ne is /&rried i! they la+. N& &ne ushes them t& 1+et ahead.1 Ea"h indi%idual !eels"&mletely !ree &! all ressures t& d& anythin+.1 He !lashes a $n&/in+ smile, 1And, y&u see, this ma$esthem /ant t& d& e%erythin+I1

.A isit t& C&r"en

<hile S"&tt is in 5ndia, Hella remains at the under/ater aartment in the E4umas. There is s& mu"h t&e4l&re, '&th inside her 'rain and &utside. Her sulementary 'rain has 'een r&+rammed 'y C&r"en/ith a Dh.#. le%el &! in!&rmati&n &n &"ean&+rahy and marine s"ien"e. Her li!e has 'een s& 'usy in &theareas that she has ne%er used this in!&rmati&n e4"et in a eriheral /ay. She is s/et u in the

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!as"inatin+ "&rrelati&n 'et/een the !a"ts and the&ries that /ere 0uietly st&red in her 'rain and the marin/&rld ar&und her. She as$s C&r"en t& send her data t& 'rin+ her u t& date. (y usin+ her &/n innerres&ur"es and thr&u+h dis"ussi&ns /ith &thers /h& ha%e 'a"$+r&unds in deth in this area, Hella sendthe 'etter art &! a year in &ne &! the $eenest &! human leasuresGthe intelle"tual e4erien"e &!inte+ratin+ the /&rld &utside the 'rain /ith the in!&rmati&n and $n&/led+e inside. (y "&l&r teler&*e"ti&n

S"&tt and Hella mutually share their e4erien"es and !eelin+sG&!ten h&urly /hen s&methin+ e4"itin+ ishaenin+.

5t has 'een many de"ades sin"e Hella has %isited C&r"en and the N&rth Ameri"an Cy'ernated 5ndustriaC&mle4. <hen she /as !i%e years &ld, she %isited these "enters that lay a rimary r&le in r&%idin+ a+&&d li!e. She $n&/s that returnin+ n&/ /&uld +i%e her a hei+htened er"eti&n and a deth &! meanin+that /as n&t a%aila'le t& her as a y&un+ "hild. F&r a num'er &! years, she has 'een thin$in+ h&//&rth/hile it /&uld 'e t& %isit C&r"en, 'ut &ther a"ti%ities ha%e al/ays "lam&red l&uder !&r her attenti&n.N&/ a +r&u &! men and /&men /h& ha%e 'een en*&yin+ the "ity in the sea is headed in this dire"ti&n,and Hella de"ides t& +& /ith them.

One &! the ni"est thin+s a'&ut li%in+ in the t/enty!irst "entury is the en&rm&us ran+e &! "h&i"es. 5t is !ar+reater than any &ther "i%ili2ati&n /as a'le t& &!!er its "iti2ens. Alth&u+h Hella and her !riends are in arelati%ely is&lated area, they ha%e the "h&i"e &! a sail'&at su"h as S"&tt used &r an aut&mati"ally&/ered sea"ra!t. They "&uld "all !&r a %ariety &! air"ra!t, deendin+ u&n their needs and h&/ !ar they/ant t& +&. They "&uld '&ard a su'marine !rei+hter that ser%i"es island "&mmunities, &r they "&uld usethe E) 6r&und E!!e"t )a"hine9.

Sin"e they /ant t& send a day r&amin+ thr&u+h the islands &! the (ahamas, they "h&&se the E). 5t"an tra%el a'&%e a m&re &r less !lat sur!a"e at seeds u t& 788 mileserh&ur. This ma"hine s$ims at ahei+ht &! a'&ut !&ur !eet a'&%e any sur!a"e. <hether /ater &r land, a a%ed r&ad &r a r&u+h !ieldGit

d&esnMt matter. 5t is su&rted in the air 'y three "ir"ular *ets &! air dire"ted d&/n/ard t&/ard the +r&und<ith relati%ely little ener+y this 1+r&und e!!e"t1 is a'le t& li!t a hea%y "ra!t in the air *ust !ar en&u+h !&r theair t& es"ae ar&und the ed+es &! the three rin+ %&rti"es. As l&n+ a+& as >8, the (ritish de%el&ed aE) that s$immed the En+lish Channel 'et/een (ritain and Fran"e.

F&r a day Hella and her !riends use the E) t& "ruise ar&und the (ahama 5slands. The "lear /ater and"&l&r!ul "&ral 'an$s are still en+a+in+. They s$im 'y Eleuthera, A'a"&, Nassau, Andr&s, the (erry5slands, and, !inally, (imini at sunset. Then &!! they +& a"r&ss the ul! Stream t& )iami.

Hella and her !riends lea%e the E) at the S&uth Fl&rida terminal the ne4t m&rnin+ and '&ard the lineara""elerati&n train that /ill ta$e them t& C&r"en in the R&"$y )&untain area &! the United States. <ithinthe +leamin+ metal /alls &! these en&rm&us trains, attra"ti%e li%in+ areas ermit a "&ntinuati&n &! theli%in+ atterns &! &neMs h&me. This train tra%els in a lar+e tu'e /ith a artial %a"uum. 5t has n& en+ine ann& /heels. 5t is ele"tr&dynami"ally su&rted a'&%e a shaed rail that ele"tr&ma+neti"ally r&els ea""ar &! the train. The ne+ati%e "har+e &n the r&'e r&*e"tin+ !r&m the !r&nt reels m&isture and dustarti"les in the tu'e ahead. This diminishes resistan"e and all&/s the train t& de%el& a 7,888 mileerh&ur seed. Yet, e%en /hen a""eleratin+ &r st&in+, it !eels as steady as a "&n"rete 'uildin+.

As HellaMs train seeds thr&u+h Fl&rida, it asses thr&u+h a "y'ernated !arm &%er 788 miles l&n+ and 8

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miles /ide. Tra"$s 88 !eet /ide run the entire len+th &! the !arm. 3ar+e "y'ernated me"hanisms sl&/lytra%el u and d&/n these tra"$s t& reare the land !&r lantin+, t& la"e seeds, !ertili2e, and /ater themOn a return tri se%eral days later, these lants /ill 'e /atered and "ulti%ated, i! needed. At the ri+ht timthe %e+eta'les /ill 'e i"$ed, 0ui"$!r&2en, and a"$a+ed 'y the en&rm&us !armin+ ma"hines. <eather"&ntr&l eliminates all l&sses !r&m !ree2in+, dr&u+ht, &r !l&&ds. The "y'ernated Fl&rida !arm "&mle4

sulyin+ !&&d !&r &ne!&urth &! a "&ntinent d&es n&t need a sin+le human in attendan"e. C&r"en "&&rdinates the a"tual &erati&n thr&u+h a l&"al "y'ernat&r r&+rammed !&r s"ienti!i" !armin+. The &neh&*&urney asses raidly as Hella and her !riends en*&y a /ide ran+e &! "y'ernated entertainment.

&he Wor"d Corre"at+on Center

C&r"en is h&used 7,888 !eet 'el&/ the t& &! a lar+e m&untain t& +i%e it r&te"ti&n !r&m any mete&rite thmi+ht sur%i%e the !all int& the earthMs atm&shere. )any th&usands &! years a+& a lar+e mete&rite l&/eint& Ari2&na and le!t a "rater ,@-8 !eet /ide 'y ?8 !eet dee. Radar stati&ns thr&u+h&ut the +l&'e

"&nstantly s"an sa"e !&r lar+e mete&rs. On the rare &""asi&n /hen a dan+er&us mete&r is dete"ted,missiles are sent &ut t& ul%eri2e it /hile it is still th&usands &! miles !r&m earth.

Hella, standin+ at the entran"e t& the m&untain, sur%eys the "&untryside 'el&/. She thin$s 'rie!ly &!t&dayMs missile te"hn&l&+y and is +lad it is used t& r&te"t man$ind !r&m rem&te dan+ers instead &!threatenin+ and $illin+.

A "&m'inati&n &! hi+hseed ele%at&rs and es"alat&rtye side/al$s "&n%ey Hella and her !riends t& theunder+r&und C&r"en "&mle4. Hella enters a lar+e r&&m /here a si4!&&t shere is ele"tr&dynami"allysusended ten !eet a'&%e the !l&&r. Hella l&&$s at this shere /ith a !eelin+ &! a/e and are"iati&n.

This is C&r"enGthe master "&muter that "&rrelates the intera"ti&ns &! all e&le and all aut&matedma"hines thr&u+h&ut the entire /&rld.

5n the time it ta$es her t& dra/ &ne 'reath, this remar$a'le ser%ant &! man has r&'a'ly made ten 'illi&nde"isi&ns 'ased &n the s"annin+ &! trilli&ns &! 'its &! in!&rmati&n. 5! e%ery&ne &n earth /ere suer'ly&r+ani2ed int& a tremend&us 'ureau"rati" "&mle4, it /&uld 'e im&ssi'le t& d& in a year /hat this"&muter "an er!&rm in a se"&nd. C&r"en d&es a 2illi&n times m&re !&r ea"h indi%idual than any+&%ernment &! the ast "&uld &ssi'ly ha%e d&ne.

A teler&*e"ti&n &! a human +uide n&/ sea$s t& the %isit&rs t& C&r"en. 1This "&muter that /e "allMC&r"enM is &ur ser%ant, n&t &ur master alth&u+h it is a ser%ant /h&se a'ilities !ar e4"eed &urs. 5ts &nly

ur&se is t& !ree us &! r&utine r&'lems and ermit us t& li%e in &ur &/n /ay. 5t res&nds 0ui"$ly t&"riti"isms and su++esti&ns !r&m all indi%iduals, "he"$in+ them &ut and seein+ /hat "an 'e d&ne a'&utthem. N& ele"ted &liti"ian &! re%i&us times res&nded as "&nsistently and e!!e"ti%ely t& the needs &! h%&ters. C&r"en ne%er tells us h&/ /e sh&uld run &ur li%es. 5t simly se"i!ies that i! /e /ant "ertainresults, /e sh&uld +& a'&ut +ettin+ them in "ertain /ays.1

15! any&ne d&u'ts /h& is in sureme "&mmand in this manma"hine "&mle4, let him "&nsider this; themaster &/er s/it"h that "&uld ina"ti%ate C&r"en is &n the /all &%er there. <e /&uld als& ha%e t& shut

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d&/n the emer+en"y duli"ate &! C&r"en that is maintained in Eur&e. 5! these s/it"hes /ere thr&/n/ith&ut lannin+, it /&uld result in utter "ha&s. <ith "are!ul lannin+ it /&uld 'e &ssi'le t& ina"ti%ateC&r"en and !ra+ment the /&rld &n"e a+ain. <e "&uld "h& u the /&rld int& as many ie"es as /e/anted and &erate ea"h &ne indeendently. C&n!usi&n and a return t& the rimiti%e s&"iety &! &uran"est&rs /&uld 'e the unhay result. 5! /e as$ed C&r"en t& lan its &/n eliminati&n !&r us, it /&uld

r&'a'ly 'e d&ne in a /ay that /&uld minimi2e the disad%anta+es. (ut it /&uld 'e li$e $illin+ /hat ma$eus truly human, truly !ree, truly hay.1

1H&/ "&mletely /e trust &ursel%es and ea"h &ther,1 thin$s Hella, l&&$in+ at the master s/it"h thata"ti%ates C&r"en. 1N& &ne /ill e%er t&u"h it, 'ut itMs ni"e t& $n&/ itMs there.1

)"t+$ate %red+ctab+"+ty

The teler&*e"ted !i+ure /al$s t& a lar+e ta'le. The +r&u !&ll&/s him. A l&udsea$er a'&%e the ta'le'e+ins, 1The !undamental rin"ile u&n /hi"h C&r"en &erates is that de"isi&ns /ith a hi+h de+ree &!redi"ta'ility "an 'e made /hen ade0uate !a"ts are a%aila'le. <e /&uld li$e t& +i%e y&u a dem&nstrati&

&! this. (e!&re y&u is a ta'le t/enty!&ur !eet in diameter. A'&%e the ta'le y&u /ill see a small "&ntainerthat has !i!ty steel 'alls that are e4a"tly t/el%e millimeters in diameter. These 'alls /ill n&/ 'e mi4ed.

The transarent "&ntainer h&ldin+ the !i!ty 'alls turns uside d&/n s& that all 'alls *&stled ar&und t& ane/ &siti&n.

1Y&u /ill n&ti"e that there are ele"tr&ni" sens&rs in t/el%e &siti&ns surr&undin+ these 'alls,1 thel&udsea$er "&ntinues. 1These sens&rs in a milli&nth &! a se"&nd ha%e already determined the l&"ati&n&! ea"h &! these 'alls. This data /ill n&/ 'e !ed int& C&r"en 6here Hella l&&$s u at the si4!&&t shere,&nly !i!ty !eet a/ay, and less than a se"&nd later C&r"en /ill redi"t the e%entual landin+ la"e &! ea"h&! these 'alls /hen dr&ed &nt& the ta'le three !eet 'el&/.1

The +r&u l&&$s at the ta'le and n&ti"es that there are a num'er &! /hite d&ts that ha%e aeared &n thdar$ sur!a"e. The sea$er "&ntinues t& des"ri'e /hat e%ery&ne has n&/ +uessed. 1<hen these 'alls ardr&ed, they /ill tum'le a+ainst ea"h &ther: they /ill hit the ta'le: they /ill '&un"e. S&me &! them /ill h&ther 'alls /hile r&llin+, 'ut /ithin a !e/ se"&nds all &! these 'alls /ill st& r&llin+. They /ill "&me t& rese4a"tly &n the !i!ty /hite d&ts. 3et us see i! C&r"en has a""urately redi"ted their 'eha%i&r.1

The transarent "&ntainer releases its !l&&d &! !i!ty 'alls. There is a series &! metalli" "lan$s as these !i!tsteel sheres '&un"e ar&und in aarently rand&m !ashi&n. (ut /ithin t/el%e se"&nds all 'ut &ne "&me rest. One seemin+ly errati" 'all has '&un"ed a+ainst the ed+e &! the ta'le. 5t hits a st&ed 'all that r&llt& "&%er a /hite d&t and, in s& d&in+, de!le"ts its &/n m&%ement until, at last, the &nly d&t remainin+ is

"&%ered. Hella ta$es a dee 'reath. Fantasti" redi"ta'ilityIThe sea$er "&ntinues. 15! /e r&%ided &ur 'est mathemati"ian /ith en"il and aer, it /&uld ha%eta$en him &%er ten years t& ma$e the "&mutati&ns /ith the same de+ree &! a""ura"y that C&r"enr&du"ed in less than a se"&ndI

1This is the +uidin+ rin"ile &! &ur C&rrelati&n Center; alth&u+h /e $n&/ it is im&ssi'le t& redi"t the'eha%i&r &! single at&ms, the redi"ti&n &! the a%era+e 'eha%i&r &! an aggregate &! at&msG/hi"h /e

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re+ard as &'*e"ts in the real /&rldGis redi"ta'le /ithin stated limits &! relia'ility i! /e ha%e an ade0uatsamlin+ &! !a"ts. N&te that /e d& n&t ha%e t& $n&/ all &! the !a"tsGthis is im&ssi'le. An ade0uatesamlin+ &! rele%ant !a"ts d&es the *&' !&r us.1

The sea$er a'&%e the ta'le st&s. The teler&*e"ted +uide a+ain ta$es &%er. 1Se%eral "enturies a+& the

a!!airs &! man$ind /ere !ar simler.1 A lar+e s"reen li+hts u. 5t sh&/s a ma &! the /&rld /ith &ulati&!i+ures suerim&sed &n ea"h "&untry. 1U until the ei+hteenth "entury m&st Eur&ean nati&ns had lessthan 7 milli&n e&le. reat (ritain ne%er e4"eeded ten milli&n e&le. The intera"ti&n &! +&%ernment/ith e"&n&mi" and s&"ial a!!airs /as relati%ely simle. )&st intelli+ent "iti2ens /h& /ished t& 'e in!&rme&! the issues "&uld ha%e made !airly use!ul redi"ti&ns. 5! redi"ti&ns /ere ina""urate, the sta$es /ere nhi+h, and thin+s tended t& m&%e sl&/ly. They "&uld ha%e 'een "&rre"ted 'y the su""eedin+ +enerati&n/ith&ut t&& mu"h harm t& man$ind.

1The situati&n "han+ed radi"ally in the t/entieth "entury. Dri&r t& that time a /ar mi+ht ha%e $illed a hal!milli&n e&le. The !irst ma*&r /ar &! the t/entieth "entury $illed ten milli&n e&le. The se"&nd ma*&r /$illed !i%e times as many. Had a third ma*&r /ar ta$en la"e, it is li$ely that 'illi&ns &! e&le /&uld ha%e

'een $illed, t& say n&thin+ &! the de%astated "ities and industrial lants. An ul"er in the st&ma"h &! adi"tat&r "&uld ha%e layed a art in a hasty em&ti&nal rea"ti&n that "&uld ha%e "aused this "atastr&he.Cari"i&us, ine!!e"ti%e +&%ernment 'y indi%iduals "&uld n& l&n+er ha%e 'een t&lerated. #urin+ m&st &! tht/entieth "entury, a mi4ture &! dem&"rati" and t&talitarian +&%ernments "&ntr&lled the li%es and destinie&! &%er 88 etty, t&u"hy, nati&nalisti" units. N& &ne !elt se"ure.1

Hella "l&ses her eyes m&mentarily. She is +lad she didnMt li%e in su"h tr&u'les&me times.

1A'&ut the middle &! the t/entieth "entury, the ele"tr&ni" "&muter /as '&rn,1 the teler&*e"ted +uide"&ntinues. The lar+e s"reen "&ntinually "han+es t& illustrate the th&u+ht &! the +uide. 1At !irst it /as asimle instrument. 3i$e a h&n&+rah re"&rd, it "&uld res&nd &nly in /ays that /ere r&+rammed int&

The human 'rain &! the t/entieth "entury had ar&4imately ten 'illi&n neur&ns. Ea"h &! the lar+erneur&ns in a human 'rain had an a%era+e &! &%er ten th&usand "&nne"ti&ns. This +a%e a human 'rain a&tential net/&r$ &! "&nne"ti&ns that /as +reater than the t&tal num'er &! material arti"les in theuni%erse. )any !elt that "&muters "&uld ne%er !un"ti&n as /ell as the human 'rain. (ut 'y >@, /hen"&muters had 'een 'uilt /ith m&re ass&"iati&n "aa"ity than a 'rain, it /as !&und that they, t&&, "&ulder!&rm in /ays that Homo sapiens had re%i&usly th&u+ht /ere his e4"lusi%e rer&+ati%e. C&muterse4"eeded man in m&st realms &! *ud+ment, de"isi&nma$in+ "aa"ity, ima+inati&n, insi+ht, "reati%ity, an/isd&m. Their er!&rman"e /as n&t "l&uded 'y e+& needs, em&ti&nal "&nditi&nin+, &r m&&diness. Theira""umulated e4erien"es and a'ilities /ere n&t "an"elled 'y death. They /ere, in a sense, imm&rtal. 5t/as re"&+ni2ed that their de"isi&ns /ere !ar m&re deenda'le than th&se &! any human 'ein+ &r +r&u human 'ein+s. F&r e4amle, it has 'een &%er 8@ years sin"e a human de!eated a "&muter in a +ame&! "hess.1

Hella "an s"ar"ely ima+ine a time /hen men /ere m&re intelli+ent than "&muters. 5n the last hal!"entury, /hene%er the *ud+ment &! a "&muter /as di!!erent !r&m that &! a human, it /as in%aria'ly !&unthat the "&muter had the +reater de+ree &! redi"ta'ility. The &nly /ay t& thr&/ C&r"en &!! is t& deny itthe rele%ant !a"ts that it needs. E%en then it has a sensiti%e !eel !&r the need t& delay redi"ti&ns untilm&re !a"ts are a%aila'le.

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The "y'ernated +uide n&/ returns t& the "ir"ular ta'le. 1E%en i! C&r"en /ere n&t en&rm&usly sueri&r t&the thin$in+ a'ility &! a +r&u &! e4erts, the mere !a"t that it "an er!&rm in &ne se"&nd /hat ta$eshumans a li!etime +i%es it an in"redi'le e!!e"ti%eness. C&r"en &erates in thin sli%ers &! time "allednan&se"&nds. A nan&se"&nd is t& a se"&nd as a se"&nd is t& thirty years. 5n m&st human a!!airs t&day /need !ast, a""urate de"isi&ns. 5! a de"isi&n is delayed, the "&nditi&ns may ha%e "han+ed s& that e%en an

ade0uate de"isi&n is &! little use. 5n the dem&nstrati&n y&u ha%e *ust seen /ith the !i!ty 'alls, e%en i! amathemati"ian "&uld ha%e redi"ted their e%entual r&llin+ la"es in ten years, 'y the time he "&uld ha%e/&r$ed &ut his redi"ti&ns, the &siti&n &! the 'alls /&uld ha%e shi!ted minutely due t& earth trem&rs &r&ther !a"t&rs. Just as human le+s ha%e lar+ely 'een &utm&ded !&r trans&rtati&n, s& human minds ha%elar+ely 'een &utm&ded !&r ma$in+ de"isi&ns that ha%e hi+h de+rees &! "&mle4ity.

'o! Corcen Assu$es Goern$enta" Funct+ons

13etMs re%ie/ the hist&ri"al "&nditi&ns that resulted in C&r"enMs +&%ernin+ the /&rld,1 the teler&*e"ted

!i+ure disaears and a teles"reen 'e+ins. 1The uni%ersities &! the t/entieth "entury turned &ut s"ientist/h& /ere n&ted !&r their narr&/ se"iali2ati&n. En&rm&us r&+ress /as made in the de%el&ment &! eas"ien"e, 'ut s&"iety in many /ays !ailed t& 'ene!it, !&r these se"ialists /ere una'le t& see the r&'lem&! s&"iety as a /h&le, O!ten their termin&l&+y /as s& se"iali2ed that they /ere una'le t& "&mmuni"ate/ith s"ientists in &ther !ields. 5t /as li$e a +r&u &! slendid t&/ers risin+ hi+h in the air, 'ut n& &ne "&ul+et !r&m &ne t&/er t& the &ther.

1Dhysi"ists !ailed t& understand s&"ial r&'lems. S&"ial s"ientists /ere limited in their a'ility t& en%isi&nthe "&nse0uen"es &! "y'ernati&n. E"&n&mists reeated &utdated shi''&leths su"h as 1/&r$,1 1/ealth,11demand,1 1r&du"ti&n,1 et". They s&meh&/ !elt that the ur&se &! li!e /as the "&nsumti&n &! materia+&&ds and that e%erythin+ must meet the test &! the mar$etla"e. E%ery&ne /as stu"$ in his &/n rut.

1Synthesis, "&&rdinati&n, inte+rati&n, s&me /ay t& see the !&rest instead &! the indi%idual treesGthese/ere needed. The ie"es /ere there, 'ut the *i+sa/ u22le had t& 'e ut t&+ether. A ne/ emhasisar&se in s"ienti!i" trainin+. Edu"at&rs 'e+an t& stress that a lar+e art &! the %alue &! a s"ientist lay in hisa'ility t& aly his $n&/led+e 'r&adlyGt& see s&"iety as a /h&le and n&t s&lely thr&u+h his &/narti"ular set &! 'in&"ulars. 5t /as re"&+ni2ed that &nly a multi%alued, s"ienti!i" &rientati&n /&uld ena'lemen t& arti"iate "&nstru"ti%ely in the re"&nstru"ti&n &! human a!!airs. The multis"ientist /as the ne/r&du"t &! the uni%ersities.

1#urin+ the latter art &! the t/entieth "entury, s&"ial and e"&n&mi" matters 'e"ame s& "&mle4 that&liti"ians in all "&untries 'e+an t& rely m&re and m&re u&n multis"ientists and their "&muters. Thee&le &! the /&rld +radually 'e+an t& %ie/ their &liti"ians as in"&metent. F&r, a!ter all, as theTe"hn&"rats &inted &ut in the last "entury, thereMs n& dem&"rati" /ay &r "&mmunisti" /ay t& desi+n anair"ra!t rea"t&r, a se/er system, &r a medi"al la'&rat&ry. ThereMs &nly an e!!i"ient /ay and a less e!!i"ien/ay, a /ay that /&r$s /ell and a /ay that d&esnMt /&r$ /ell, a /ay that is relia'le and a /ay that +i%es"&nstant tr&u'le.

1As the "y'ernated !a"t&ries &! the leadin+ industrial "&untries &! the /&rld 'e+an, ar&und >@8, t& &ur&ut a %&lume &! +&&ds lar+e en&u+h t& s/in+ !r&m an e"&n&my &! s"ar"ity t& an e"&n&my &! a'undan"e

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the %alues &! the e&le "han+ed. They reali2ed that it /as n&t ne"essary t& "&mete any l&n+er t& li%e +&&d li!e. The a+e&ld ha'it &! the *un+le, /here y&u ta$e !r&m an&ther t& +et !&r y&ursel!, /as n& l&n+eruse!ul. Fi+htin+ a"tually ruined &neMs &ssi'ilities &! a"0uirin+ a "&m!&rta'le a'undan"e. C&&erati&n, n"&n!li"t, /as the ans/er.1

Hella is en+a+ed 'y the $aleid&s"&e &! raidly "han+in+ s"enes &n the threedimensi&nal r&*e"t&r.

1)ultis"ientists layed a lar+er and lar+er r&le in ma$in+ the de"isi&ns &! +&%ernment. They +radually'e+an t& rela"e the &ldtime &liti"ians, /h& "ame t& &/er either thr&u+h %&tes &r str&n+arm meth&d5n the United States in 788 &%er > er "ent &! the senat&rs and reresentati%es in C&n+ress had &st+raduate de+reesI N& &ne /ith&ut ad%an"ed multis"ienti!i" trainin+ had a "han"e t& 'e ele"ted t& the&!!i"e &! either Dresident &r i"eDresident &r t& 'e a&inted t& a "a'inet &siti&n. Similar relian"e &nmultis"ienti!i"ally trained e&le &""urred in Russia, China, 5ndia, and thr&u+h&ut all the &ther less&ul&us "&untries &! the /&rld. The e&le !&und that the manma"hine "&mle4 &! a multis"ientist anhis ass&"iated "&muters "&uld ma$e de"isi&ns that resulted in a 'etter li!e.

1As the !un"ti&ns &! +&%ernment /ere +radually er!&rmed m&re and m&re 'y e&le /ith multis"ienti!i"trainin+, internati&nal "&&erati&n 'e"ame a /ay &! li!e. 5t /as !&und that +l&'al /eather "&ntr&l "&uldn&t 'e a""&mlished /ith&ut internati&nal "&&erati&n. The r&'lem &! r&%idin+ all nati&ns /ith anade0uate !l&/ &! metals, &ils, and &ther res&ur"es "&uld 'est 'e en+ineered &n an internati&nal 'asis,rather than a nati&nal &ne. 5t /as !&und that the 'est /ay t& +i%e the e&le &n this earth the hi+heststandard &! li%in+ /as t& lan a /&rld/ide system &! r&du"ti&n and distri'uti&n. The Eur&eanE"&n&mi" C&mmittee !&rmed in >- /as a !irst ste in this dire"ti&n. radually the arti!i"ial nati&nal'&undaries /ere 'yassed s& "&ntinu&usly that they 'e"ame meanin+less lines &n the mas &! hist&ry.N& &ne e%er a'&lished the nati&n &! ermany &r )e4i"&. (ut e%ery&ne 'e+an t& reali2e that this /ay &!thin$in+ and "lassi!yin+ /as &nly &! hist&ri"al interest and added n&thin+ t& meetin+ the "&mm&n

r&'lems &! 'illi&ns &! men and /&men.There is n& se"i!i" time at /hi"h /e 'e"ame &ne /&rld. The s"ientists in "har+e hesitated t& in&int &"&mmem&rate the !un"ti&nal assin+ &! nati&nalisti" "lassi!i"ati&ns 'e"ause they /ere a!raid that "ertain&! the &lder inha'itants &! the earth /&uld 'e distur'ed. Sin"e e%erythin+ /as +&in+ s& /ell, theyminimi2ed the drum 'eatin+ and "&n"entrated &n the +l&'al redesi+n &! the lanet t& 'rin+ a m&re !ruit!uli!e !&r all.

1A'&ut the middle &! the t/enty!irst "entury, it 'e"ame e%ident that the manma"hine "&mle4 /as!un"ti&nin+ s& /ell that %ery !e/ multis"ientists /ere n&/ needed t& er!&rm +&%ernmental !un"ti&ns.The master "&muter that y&u see 'e!&re y&u /as !&und t& 'e "aa'le &! ma$in+ de"isi&ns /ith alm&st88 er "ent redi"ta'ility. 5t e%en learned t& sear"h !&r additi&nal !a"ts /hen these /ere needed. 5nse"&nds it "&uld s"an the en&rm&us mem&ry 'an$s that y&u see 'ey&nd the shere s& that e%ery 'it &!in!&rmati&n e%er "&lle"ted 'y man &r ma"hines "&uld 'e si!ted !&r its rele%an"y in ma$in+ a de"isi&na'&ut any r&'lem. Time a!ter time a!ter time, /hene%er the "&muter disa+reed /ith the anel &!+&%ernment s"ientists, it /as !&und that the "&muter /as in%aria'ly "&rre"t. N& s"ientist "an 'ase hisde"isi&n &n e%en a milli&nth &! the rele%ant data re0uired !&r redi"ta'ility in s&me areas. N& human min"an deal /ith "&mle4 multile "&rrelati&ns in%&l%in+ 'illi&ns &! 'its &! in!&rmati&n. S&&n e&le a"0uiredsu"h a trust and a""etan"e &! this master "&muter that they *ust de"ided t& let it d& the /&r$.

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1S&me &! the &lder e&le e4ressed +ra%e "&n"ern a'&ut turnin+ &%er the &erati&n &! &ur "i%ili2ati&n tC&r"en. They !elt that this ma"hine mi+ht turn &n us and destr&y us. Th&se /h& had the +reateste4erien"e /ith the manma"hine "&mle4 !elt "&n!ident that C&r"en /&uld remain the &/er!ul ser%ant&! man. C&r"en has n& e+& &r h&stile !eelin+s. E4erien"e sh&/ed its !antasti" a'ility t& ser%e man ine%ery "aa"ity. <e thus /ent !&r/ard in &ur attemts t& er!e"t &ur manma"hine sym'i&sis.1 Hella thin

&! the /&rds &! Arthur C. Clar$e in the last "entury;

The popular idea( fostered by comic strips and the cheaper forms of science fiction( that intelligenmachines must be malevolent entities hostile to man( is so absurd that it is hardly worth wastingenergy to refute it. & am almost tempted to argue that only unintelligent machines can bemalevolent9 anyone who has tried to start a balky outboard will probably agree. Those who picturemachines as active enemies are merely pro"ecting their own aggressive instincts( inherited from th

"ungle( into a world where such things do not e>ist. The higher the intelligence( the greater thedegree of co-operativeness. &f there is ever a war between men and machines( it is easy to guesswho will start it.0

0 /Arthur . larke( !rofiles of the @uture 12ew York3 Harper J Bow( 56+7( pp. ))+-,.

The teles"reen n&/ sh&/s interi&r dia+rams &! C&r"en. 1The master "&muter that y&u see 'e!&re y&u"&ntains &ne th&usand 'illi&n m&re neur&ns than any 'rain. 5t &erates &n a multi"hannel 'asis that istrilli&ns &! times !aster than any human 'rain. Sin"e a'&ut the &nly limitati&n &! this "&muter /as the!a"tual inut, /e e0uied it /ith trilli&ns &! sens&rs l&"ated thr&u+h&ut the entire +l&'e. Alm&st e%eryr&&m in all 'uildin+s thr&u+h&ut the earth is "&nne"ted thr&u+h their ass&"iated "y'ernat&rs t& C&r"en.E%ery me"hanism &! e%ery !a"t&ry, e%ery mete&r&l&+i"al measurin+ stati&n, e%ery tra!!i" "&ntr&ller, andthe "&mmuni"ati&ns &! e%ery indi%idual, t& name &nly a !e/ are either dire"tly &r indire"tly "&nne"ted t&C&r"en. As all &! y&u $n&/ !r&m y&ur intimate intera"ti&n /ith C&r"en, it +i%es y&u a &/er and a'ility t&

'e y&ursel%es that y&ur an"est&rs ne%er had, re+ardless &! their /ealth.

1C&r"en /as ne%er !&rmally "&nstituted as the +&%ernment &! the /&rld. 5t *ust e%&l%ed. S"ientists /h&/ere ma$in+ &liti"al de"isi&ns +radually needed t& send less and less time at their /&r$. Their sta!!sd/indled. The e+& needs &! the ast that made a &liti"al 'ureau"ra"y +r&/ in a""&rdan"e /ithDar$ins&nMs 3a/ /ere n& l&n+er resent. These multis"ientists /ere n& l&n+er m&ti%ated 'y resti+e &r&/er. They /ere t&& !ul!illed in their &/n ers&nal li%es t& 'e "&n"erned /ith their e+& ima+e in the eye&! &ther e&le. Sin"e they li%ed in a /&rld &! a'undan"e, there /as n& m&netary in"enti%e t& h&ld &n t&their +&%ernmental &siti&ns. Alth&u+h it /as n&t lanned that /ay, the +&%ernment s"ientists 'e+anta$in+ l&n+er and l&n+er %a"ati&ns and lea%in+ C&r"en unattended !&r +reater eri&ds &! time. N& matte/here these s"ientists /ere &n earth, C&r"en /as in immediate t&u"h /ith them and did n&t hesitate t&

"all them i! they /ere needed !&r any reas&n.1

Hella $n&/s that many years a+& C&r"en 'e+an t& "all &n men &! a'ility, re+ardless &! /hether they/ere ele"ted &r /&re the mantle &! &liti"al &/er. 5n emer+en"ies &r disasters C&r"en /&uld 0ui"$lys"an its mem&ry 'an$s and immediately +ather as many e&le as /ere needed 'ased u&n their0uali!i"ati&ns and their r&4imity t& the r&'lem area. De&le res&nded readily t& C&r"enMs aeals.1A!ter all,1 she thin$s, 1/eMre all &n the same team.1

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1<e !ind t&day that the /&rld has n& need !&r &liti"ians &r +&%ernmental s"ientists,1 the teles"reen"&ntinues. 1C&r"en imartially "alls u&n any &r all &! the e&le t& assist it /hen, as, and i! their ser%i"eare needed. 5n a sense e%ery&ne is a art &! the +&%ernment &! human a!!airs. 5t is "&nsidered a ri%ile+)&st e&le en*&y /&r$in+ /ith C&r"en in the assi+nments they are &!!ered. <e thus ha%e arri%ed at the%ery interestin+ state /here n& indi%idual &r +r&u is en+a+ed in +&%ernin+ the /&rld. (ut ea"h indi%idua

in the /&rld durin+ his li!etime /ill, !r&m time t& time, lays a %ery real art in "&&eratin+ /ith C&r"en &a"ti%ities that in re%i&us "enturies /&uld ha%e 'een la'eled M&liti"alM &r M+&%ernmental.M

1T& a ers&n li%in+ in the United States durin+ the last "entury, it /&uld ha%e seemed in"&n"ei%a'le thatthe /&rld "&uld 'e s& "han+ed that it /&uld ha%e n& use !&r &liti"ians, le+islatures, and the en&rm&usaaratus &! 'ureau"rati" +&%ernment. 5n the ast +&%ernments had e4tremely im&rtant !un"ti&ns t&er!&rm. Thr&u+h their armies, na%ies, and air !&r"es, they attemted t& r&te"t their "iti2ens a+ainsta++ressi&n !r&m &ther "&untries. They als& a"ted as a s&rt &! re!eree 'et/een "iti2ens t& $ee them !r&mhurtin+ ea"h &ther. The United States +&%ernment had a #eartment &! 3a'&r assi+ned t& l&&$ a!ter theinterests &! /&r$ers and a #eartment &! C&mmer"e t& hel 'usinessmen in"rease their annual %&lumeThey had a #eartment &! A+ri"ulture t& assist !armers. They had a #eartment &! State /hi"h layed a

art in maintainin+ relati&nshis /ith &ther "&untries.1

Hella $n&/s that alm&st all &! the a"ti%ities er!&rmed 'y +&%ernments &! the ast are n& l&n+er neededt&day. She shudders at the /ays in /hi"h s&"ieties &! the ast "h&se their leaders G%i&lent meth&ds &!di"tat&rs, hereditary haenstan"e &! $in+s, %&tin+ 'ased &n em&ti&nal aeal. 1<hat "ha&s,1 she thin$1i! /e /ere t& sele"t men !&r their teler&*e"ti&n manner instead &! their te"hni"al trainin+. (esides, n&humans "&uld &ssi'ly handle the tremend&us l&ad &! "&rrelati&nG&nly a "&muter "an $ee u /ith th/&r$.1

1One &! the r&'lems &! the t/entieth "entury dem&"ra"ies /as t& $ee &liti"al &/er in the hands &! the&le,1 the teles"reen sh&/s the iledu "&rses &! #a"hau. ass &! h&rr&r "&me !r&m the stunned

se"tat&rs. 1#isastr&us thin+s &""urred /hen di"tat&rs su"h as a Hitler +&t "&ntr&l &! a nati&n. )&dern/ea&ns 'e"ame s& &/er!ul that indi%iduals /ere alm&st helless in &%erthr&/in+ the +&%ernment &n"a di"tat&r /as th&r&u+hly entren"hed. A!ter >?8, i! e&le l&st the &/er t& ele"t their reresentati%es,they /ere una'le t& +et it 'a"$. 5n th&se days &! s"ar"ity, in /hi"h all ers&nalities /ere deely t/isted 'h&stility and inse"urity, it /as /ise !&r e&le t& r&te"t themsel%es 'y h&ldin+ ti+htly t& their dem&"rati"r&"esses.

1Alth&u+h /e are n&minally a dem&"ra"y t&day, and the e&le the&reti"ally ha%e the ri+ht t& ele"t&liti"al reresentati%es, /e !ind that in ra"ti"e there is n&thin+ !&r &liti"ians t& d&. 5 su&se this isr&'a'ly &ur +reatest se"urity a+ainst &ur /&rldMs e%er a+ain 'ein+ su'*e"ted t& the /him &! di"tat&rs &rtyrants. A!ter all, a &liti"ian has &/er &nly 'e"ause e&le thin$ he has &/er. 5! e%ery&ne in ermanhad de"ided t& i+n&re Hitler, he "&uld ha%e ranted and ra%ed, ha%in+ n& m&re e!!e"t &n a!!airs than am&n$ey in the (erlin 2&&. 5! any&ne /ere t& try t& e4er"ise any tye &! &liti"al "&ntr&l in &ur sane"i%ili2ati&n, he /&uld simly 'e lau+hed at. <e ha%e a'&ut as mu"h need !&r a &liti"ian as /e ha%e !&r din&saur.1

Hella $n&/s /hy e&le /&uld lau+h and ridi"ule any&ne /h& mi+ht /ant &liti"al &!!i"e. The e&le &!the t/enty!irst "entury ha%e de%el&ed a "l&se, ers&nal relati&nshi /ith C&r"en. 1E%ery indi%idual,1thin$s Hella, 1intera"ts /ith C&r"en many times ea"h day. D&liti"ians /&uld searate the e&le !r&m

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C&r"en. 5n re%i&us s&"ieties &nly a !e/ e&le "&uld "&mmuni"ate and intera"t /ith the $in+, di"tat&r,resident, &r rime minister. T&day e%ery'&dy has the !eelin+ that i! their th&u+hts ha%e merit, they /ill'e a"ted &n.1

Hella has li%ed /ith C&r"enMs raid res&nses. She $n&/s that C&r"en al/ays +i%es !eed'a"$ t&

su++esti&ns, e%en i! &nly 'y +i%in+ reas&ns /hy they seem imra"ti"al at the time. O!ten C&r"enres&nds immediately 'y a&intin+ the indi%idual t& /&r$ /ith a +r&u t& study the r&'lem !urther.

The teles"reen sh&/s the A"r&&lis and then a "l&seu &! the Darthen&n. 1This ers&nal relati&nshi &!e%ery "iti2en /ith +&%ernment is similar t& the &ri+inal ree$ "&n"eti&n &! dem&"ra"y,1 it "&ntinues. 15nan"ient Athens e%ery "iti2en had an &&rtunity t& %&te &n e%ery issue and t& +et u 'e!&re his !ell&/"iti2ens and sea$ his mind. This r&%ed imra"ti"al as nati&ns +re/ lar+er. 5n the United States the &nlart that m&st "iti2ens layed in +&%ernment durin+ the midt/entieth "entury /as t& ush d&/n a !e/le%ers in a %&tin+ '&&th. The a%era+e %&ter had n& !eelin+ &! ers&nal arti"iati&n in +&%ernment(e"ause /e "an tal$ t& C&r"en, and C&r"en res&nds t& us, ea"h "iti2en !eels that he, ers&nally,arti"iates in the runnin+ &! the /&rld. Our "y'ernated +&%ernment +i%es us intense !eelin+s &! di+nity,

/&rth, and se"urity.1

The t&ur is &%er. Hella is deely m&%ed 'y her %isit t& C&r"en. She is r&ud &! this "reati&n &! manGr&t& 'e a art &! human$ind that has s&l%ed the r&'lem &! h&/ t& li%e an a'undant li!e /ith&ut in%adin+ th1li%in+ r&&m1 &! &ther e&le. Sla%ery and the /a+e system &! the ast are n& l&n+er ne"essary t& +ethuman 'ein+s t& send their li%es in t&il. Hella /&nders i! !urther de%el&ments 'ey&nd the manma"hin"&mle4 are &ssi'le.

7.The Cultural Center

On the e%enin+ 'e!&re her tri t& the industrial "&mle4, Hella %isits a near'y Cultural Center. Ea"h "ity the ne/ a+e has its &/n Cultural Center that re!le"ts the m&&ds, interests, and !eelin+s &! the e&le &!that "ity. Cultural di%ersity is neither en"&ura+ed n&r dis"&ura+ed. T& a "ertain e4tent it *ust haens.Derhas 'e"ause &! the di%er+ent "ultures &! re%i&us "enturies, ea"h "ity in the /&rld &! the t/enty!irs"entury seems t& ha%e its &/n !la%&r.

5n the t/entieth "entury es"aist entertainment su"h as sadisti" m&%ies, the '&&' tu'e, 'ars and ni+ht"lu's /ere a art &! a attern &! the *&yless ursuit &! leasure. 5n "&ntrast, the Cultural Centers in thene/ s&"iety &!!er "&mani&nshi and en+a+in+ and "hallen+in+ dislays that ma$e them &ular.Cultural Centers are s&me/hat di!!erent !r&m re%i&us e4hi'iti&n and art "enters: they are &en t/enty

!&ur h&urs a day and many &! their dislays are "&nstantly "han+in+. (e"ause &! the lar+e "reati%e &ut&! m&st men and /&men in the ne/ /&rld, and 'e"ause &! the ease &! re"&rdin+ this &utut, it is &ssi'lt& r&+ram aut&mati"ally th&usands &! dislays /hi"h are s&metimes "han+ed as &!ten as &n"e e%eryh&ur.

There is n& anel &! art "riti"s t& *ud+e /hi"h aintin+s and s"ultures aear and /hi"h d& n&t.<hene%er s&me&ne is satis!ied /ith &ne &! his artisti" "reati&ns, he sends it t& C&r"en, and it iss"heduled t& aear in %ari&us la"es. 5n sele"ted areas a re"&rder measures the rea"ti&ns &! the

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%ie/ers. 5! a /&r$ &! art re"ei%es &nly a 0ui"$ +lan"e, the re"&rder n&tes this. Art that re"ei%es the m&stattenti&n is aut&mati"ally s"heduled t& aear thr&u+h&ut lar+er and lar+er areas &! the /&rld. These%eral hundred th&usand /&r$s &! art that re"ei%e the +reatest attenti&n ea"h year thr&u+h&ut the /&rldare "h&sen !&r the "&ntinu&usly "han+in+ e4hi'iti&ns in the Cultural Centers. 5n this /ay e%ery&ne in thene/ /&rld e4resses his !eelin+s a'&ut the /&rld ar&und him. These !eelin+s are shared 'y &thers

thr&u+h aut&mati" me"hanisms that d& n&t in%&l%e 'iased art "riti"s, i"ture han+ers, &r dust"at"hin+museums /ith the same i"tures starin+ at e&le !&r de"ade a!ter de"ade. Cy'ernated me"hanisms arals& used !&r inde4in+, "lassi!yin+, and distri'utin+ the arti"les, s"ienti!i" aers, lays, '&&$s, &ems,musi", and &ther "reati&ns &! the e&le &! the ne/ s&"iety.

The Cultural Center is dynami". One "an +& many days in su""essi&n and !ind en&u+h "han+e t& remaiinterested. S&me&ne remar$ed that y&u "an seld&m see the same thin+ t/i"e. The rely /as +i%en thaty&u "an seld&m see the same thin+ &n"e. 5! &ne arti"ularly en*&ys a dislay, he "an re"&rd a num'er aha%e it rer&du"ed in his aartment any time that he /ishes.

The settin+s &! the %ari&us dislays are en+ineered t& 'e e4"itin+. )any interi&r artiti&ns and lat!&rms

are "&nstantly m&%in+. The entire Cultural Center ulses /ith an in!inite %ariety &! "&l&rs and s&unds thaemanate !r&m the li%in+ +e&metry &! the !un"ti&nal interi&r.

The m&re ermanent e4hi'its /ith te"hni"al and s"ienti!i" dislays +i%e "&mrehensi%e resentati&ns &!the su'mi"r&s"&i", mi"r&s"&i", and ma"r&s"&i" stru"tures &! the natural /&rld. S&me &! the e4hi'itsare s&lid: &thers are teler&*e"ti&ns that &nly aear t& &""uy threedimensi&nal sa"e. One "an &!ten/al$ thr&u+h /alls that l&&$ s&lid. S&me &! the 1ima+ineered1 !&rms reresent ase"ts &! EinsteinMssa"etime !&rmulati&ns. )&st are dynami" and "&ntinue t& "han+e as &ne /at"hes them.

Art and s"ien"e, "&mlementin+ ea"h &ther, are inter/&%en in a dem&nstrati&n &! the +enius &! man.

As Hella and the &ther %isit&rs t& the Cultural Center rela4 u&n the "&m!&rta'le "&n%ey&r systems, theyare a'le t& see the slend&r &! !antasti" /&rlds un!&ldin+ in this sens&rium. )athemati"s is the m&stre"ise means &! "&rrelatin+ sym'&ls /ith the n&n%er'al hysi"al /&rld, and many &! the mathemati"aldislays are arti"ularly interestin+ t& her. 5! there is anythin+ Hella /ants t& $n&/, her in0uiries arereadily ans/ered 'y 'uiltin aut&mati" "&mmuni"ati&n de%i"es.

The musi" &! the t/enty!irst "entury is en&rm&usly e4anded in "&mle4ity as "&mared t& the simle&r"hestral e!!e"ts &! the ast. A lar+e r&&rti&n &! the e&le en*&y "reatin+ musi". They r&du"esym'&ls that are !ed int& ele"tr&ni" musi" synthesi2ers. <ithin se"&nds &ne hears his "&m&siti&n asth&u+h layed 'y a lar+e &r"hestra. (y ad*ustin+ the de%iati&n &! the n&tes, the style &! +eniusmusi"ians su"h at Hei!et2 "an 'e duli"ated &n /&r$s "&m&sed many years a!ter his deathI These

ma"hines "an ele"tri"ally rer&du"e the s&und &! a human %&i"e, a sin+le instrument, an &r"hestra &!888 musi"ians, &r any s&und &r n&ise !r&m any s&ur"e. N& musi"al instruments &r musi"ians areneeded alth&u+h s&me en*&y usin+ these 0uaint instruments. These musi" synthesi2ers /ere i&neered'y RCA in the midt/entieth "entury.

The "y'ernated musi"al en+ineerin+ &! the ne/ /&rld r&du"es in!inite %ariati&ns in the it"h, tim're,+r&/th, durati&n, and de"ay &! the t&ne, intensity, &rtament&, &r, slidin+ tr&m'&ne e!!e"t, and %i'rat&and trem&l&. This multidimensi&nal musi" is ,888 times m&re !le4i'le and %aried than the

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&r"hestrati&ns &! the ast. The musi" &! (a"h, (eeth&%en, and (rahms /as limited in "&maris&n.

Labor Day

One &! the dynami" dislays reminds Hella that it is 3a'&r #ay, the t/entyse%enth anni%ersary &! thea'&liti&n &! the last aid /&r$ er!&rmed &n the lanet. <ith the terminati&n &! the last *&', m&ney'e"ame &'s&lete. A hu+e teles"reen sh&/s '&n!ires &! aer "urren"y that /ere i+nited thr&u+h&ut the/&rld, sym'&li2in+ manMs !inal eman"iati&n !r&m the sla%ery &! /a+es. #&llars, &unds, ru'les, es&s,!ran"s, yenGthr&u+h imm&lati&n they ser%ed man$ind !&r the last time.

T/& hundred !i!ty 'illi&n d&llars in aer m&ney /as 'urned in a "erem&ny at the 3in"&ln )em&rial in<ashin+t&n. The sea$er &n this rededi"ati&n &! 3a'&r #ay &inted &ut that this am&unt &! m&ney in themidt/entieth "entury /&uld ha%e "&mmanded !i!ty years &! /&r$ !r&m a milli&n men and /&menI 5n the

!ree /&rld &! the t/enty!irst "entury, e&le "an n& l&n+er 'e '&u+htGeither 'y the head, as in sla%etimes, &r 'y the h&ur.

N&/ that e&le are n& l&n+er 'urdened 'y /&r$, they !ind la'&r interestin+I F&r it is n&t the tye &!a"ti%ity that ma$es s&methin+ 1/&r$1 &r 1lay1, it is the m&ti%ati&n &! the ers&n. The same tas$ may 'eeither 'urdens&me &r !un, deendin+ &n the interest &! the indi%idual. And m&st &! the time e&le in thet/enty!irst "entury are +lad t& !ind /ays in /hi"h they "an sulement the "y'ernated ma"hines.Alth&u+h the ma"hines "an handle alm&st all the /&r$ &! the /&rld, there is still a minimal need !&r the/at"h!ul eyes &! the human masters they ser%eG a little suer%isin+ here, lendin+ a hand there, and&""asi&nally &!!erin+ su++esti&ns t& C&r"en.

Worsho*s and Labs

As e&le /ere !reed &! the daily +rind, they learned t& use their time !&r "reati%e and "hallen+in+a"ti%ities. The arts, s"ien"es, and "ra!ts 'e"ame a %ital art &! the daily li%es &! men and /&men. Thelar+est &rti&n &! the Cultural Center "&ntains en&rm&us /&r$sh&s and la's that are used ar&und the"l&"$.

H&/ /&uld y&u li$e t& e4eriment /ith a hundredie"e &r"hestral e!!e"tL )usi" synthesi2ers are &n the

tenth le%el. <&uld y&u li$e t& test y&ur readin+ seed and "&mrehensi&n L The "&muters are &n the!irst le%el. <&uld y&u li$e t& /ea%e a taestryL The handl&&ms are on the !&urth le%el. <&uld y&u li$e t&'uild a ta'leL )etal /&r$sh&s, ele%enth !l&&r: syntheti" materials /&r$sh&, t/el!th !l&&r: /&&d/&r$in+thirteenth !l&&r. <&uld y&u li$e t& 'uild a '&atL The '&at'uildin+ /&r$sh& ad*&ins the la$e. #& y&u en*&ele"tri"al en+ineerin+L #& y&u /ant t& in%ent a ne/ +ad+etL Ha%e y&u th&u+ht &! a ne/ +ameL )ateriama"hines, and sa"e are there !&r y&ur use.

O!ten, e&le send m&re time in assistin+ &thers than in /&r$in+ &n their &/n r&*e"ts. Ea"h ers&n is

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interested in /hat &thers ar&und him are d&in+, and he identi!ies /ith the a"ti%ities &! his nei+h'&rs.There is a 'lendin+ &! indi%idual and +r&u e!!&rt. A ne/ dimensi&n &! sel!less human intera"ti&n ta$esla"e in these /&r$sh&s. This has r&'a'ly 'een made &ssi'le 'y the eliminati&n &! the in!eri&rity"&mle4 and the resultant "almin+ &! the human e+&.

&he useu$ Sect+on

Humans +et s& used t& their surr&undin+s that museums sh&/in+ !&l$/ays &! the ast are al/aysinterestin+. The Cultural Center has an e4"ellent set &! e4hi'its datin+ !r&m the time man slit &!! !r&mhis rimate an"est&rs. The t/entieth"entury e4hi'it is arti"ularly "&mlete. Alth&u+h near in time, it isdistant in sirit. The dislay &n m&ney is a "uri&sity. 1H&/ e"uliar,1 thin$s Hella, 1that y&u needed thesesmall metal dis"s and rinted aer t& a"0uire !&&d, "l&thin+, shelter, &r anythin+ elseI1

Hella !eels that the +leamin+ aut&m&'iles l&&$ s&me/hat "&ntem&rary. (ut the illusi&n is destr&yed 'ythe des"riti&n that e4lains that they /ere 'uilt t& last &nly se%eral years and seld&m /ent &%er a !e/

m&nths /ith&ut reair e%en /hen ne/. And they needed !uel a!ter a'&ut 788 milesI Su"h in"&metenten+ineerin+ "an hardly 'e underst&&d 'y e&le /h& !eel that e%en &ne reair in t/enty!i%e years ise4"essi%e. The des"riti&n &! the e4hi'it states, 1This ar&a"h t& trans&rtati&n is a r&du"t &! a s&"iet&! s"ar"ity that treated "ars as status sym'&ls. They deli'erately /ithheld e!!i"ien"y: they a"tually lann&'s&les"en"eI The milli&ns &! e&le $illed and maimed 'y su"h %ehi"les is e%en m&re 'ar'ar&us thanthe )ayan ritual sa"ri!i"es &! %ir+insI1

The imlements &! the re%i&us "entury aear &dd t& Hella. The st&%es, re!ri+erat&rs, /ashers, anddryersG/hat a "um'ers&me /ay t& d& thin+s. She smiles at the hi+h heels, thin st&"$in+s, and +irdles.Su"h an in"redi'le array &! de%i"es and n&strums e&le used t& ha%eI )edi"ines, t&&th'rushes,t&&thaste, "&smeti"s, s&a, 'r&&ms, %a"uum "leaners, li+ht 'ul's, tye/riters, di"tati&n ma"hines,

'&&$s, ma+a2ines and ne/saers, lus th&usands &! &ther arahernalia. There /as hardly anythin+r&du"ed !&r "&nsumers in the t/entieth "entury that is still use!ul in the t/enty!irst "enturyI

Alth&u+h Hella "ame t& the museum early in the e%enin+, she !inds that 'y three &M"l&"$ in the m&rnin+she has "&%ered &nly a small !ra"ti&n &! the dislays. She d&2es as she rela4es in a li%in+ "&nt&ur "hair,listenin+ ri%ately t& musi" she has sele"ted that is !&"used t&/ard her ears. The "y'ernated sensin+me"hanisms insulate her !r&m &utside sensati&ns that /&uld distur' her slee. She /a$es the ne4tm&rnin+ /ith a !eelin+ &! e4e"tati&n.

.The Cy'ernated 5ndustrial C&mle4

<ith a +r&u &! "&mani&nsGe%ery&ne in the t/enty!irst "entury /&rld is "&nsidered a !riend, and th&snear y&u are "&mani&nsGHella ta$es an air"ra!t t& the near'y industrial "&mle4. 5t has 'een !&und thsi4 industrial "&mle4es are ade0uate t& ser%e the needs &! all &! the inha'itants &! the +l&'e. 5n re%i&utimes is&lated !a"t&ries /ere s"attered all &%er the /&rld. This made sense &nly in a rimiti%e e"&n&my

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/here ea"h "ity had t& ha%e its share &! *&'s t& sur%i%e. 5n the ast /hen a "ar /as assem'led, it /asne"essary t& "&rrelate the !l&/ &! arts and materials !r&m hundreds &! di!!erent !a"t&ries sread &%erareas as !ar as a th&usand miles a/ay. N&/ e%erythin+ is e!!i"iently "&&rdinated in a lar+e, "&ntinentalindustrial "&mle4.

The si4 industrial "&mle4es in the /&rld are "&nne"ted 'y hi+h seed tu'es t/enty !eet in diameter. Thermits the r&ulsi&n &! aut&mated "arriers at seeds u t& 78 mileserh&ur. 5! the industrial "&mlein S&utheast Asia /as runnin+ l&/ &n man+anese, and there /as a surlus &! this material in an &"eanr&"essin+ lant in A!ri"a, C&r"en "&uld dire"t a hundredth&usandt&n shiment &! man+anese t& theS&utheast Asia "&mle4. This /&uld 'e er!&rmed aut&mati"ally, and r&'a'ly n& human 'ein+ /&uld$n&/ &! this en&rm&us shiment. Only in the rem&te e%ent &! s&me r&'lem /&uld humans 'e n&ti!ied.

There are n& st&res &r salesmen in the ne/ /&rld. All +&&ds are &rdered thr&u+h C&r"en 'y the e&le/h& use them. The net/&r$ &! hi+hseed tu'es "arries any items !r&m the industrial "&mle4 dire"tly t&the li%in+ areas &r la's /ithin minutes &r h&urs a!ter its manu!a"ture. 5slands are sulied 'y hi+hseedsu'marine "ar+& %essels that l&ad, na%i+ate t& any &rt, d&"$, unl&ad, and return /ith&ut a "atain, "re/

&r d&"$ /&r$ers.

Finished r&du"ts are seld&m ut in a /areh&use 'e"ause the demand !&r +&&ds is "&ntinu&us, and thema"hines /&r$ !ast &r sl&/, as dire"ted 'y C&r"en, t& meet the e4a"t am&unt &! demand. Thus, aninstrument &rdered 'y Hella mi+ht 'e made u lar+ely &! at&ms that t/enty!&ur h&urs earlier /ere in thesalty /ater &! the Da"i!i" O"ean. The ener+y used t& r&du"e and deli%er this instrument t& Hella mi+htha%e 'een a art &! the at&mi" stru"ture &! the /ater +ently "&ursin+ al&n+ the '&tt&m &! the Cari''eanSea &nly a day earlier. This is the dynami" a"e that is &ssi'le in the t/enty!irst "entury /hen all r&utimatters are "y'ernated 'y the intelli+en"e &! C&r"en.

The N&rth Ameri"an Cy'ernated 5ndustrial C&mle4 "&nsists &! an under+r&und !a"t&ry ar&4imately t

miles in diameter. This entire "&mle4 is &erated 'y a "&muter, /ith its ass&"iated mem&ry 'an$s andinuts. Re"&rded dire"ti&ns !&r the r&du"ti&n &! e%erythin+ used 'y the inha'itants &! the t/enty!irst"entury /&rld are instantly a%aila'le. 5! C&r"en "han+es the se"i!i"ati&ns !&r a r&du"t, it m&di!ies a !e/milli&n 'its &! in!&rmati&n &n &ne &! the milli&ns &! inut s&ur"es.

The drillin+, "uttin+, and stamin+ &! metals, as er!&rmed in the !a"t&ries &! the t/entieth "entury, is&'s&lete. )any &! the &'*e"ts are !&rmed 'y ele"tr&mi+rati&n. )etalli" &r lasti" arti"les are made t& !l&in ele"tr&dynami" !&rms and assume a !inal &siti&n in the shae that is desired.

The m&st remar$a'le thin+ a'&ut this industrial "&mle4 is that at the time Hella arri%es, there are n&human 'ein+s /ithin the entire se%entyei+ht s0uare mile r&du"ti&n area. All ma"hines ha%e 'een

en+ineered t& last many de"ades /ith&ut reair alth&u+h they /ill r&'a'ly 'e rela"ed 'y imr&%emenin a !ar sh&rter time. 5n the rare e%ent &! a 'rea$d&/n, duli"ate me"hanisms are aut&mati"ally&siti&ned, and the !aulty &nes are either reaired &r "y'erneti"ally destr&yed. )any &! the ma"hines armultiur&se and "an m&di!y their &/n stru"ture and !un"ti&n as re0uired 'y the *&' t& 'e d&ne.

The "&muter that "&ntr&ls this industrial "&mle4 is alm&st e0ual t& C&r"en in its inherent "aa"ity. 5t hde%el&ed an in"redi'le intelli+en"e and ima+inati&n in "&ntr&llin+ the inut and &utut &! the !a"t&ry. 5tsmilli&ns &! sens&ry inuts are l&"ated in e%ery area. 5t has an un"anny a'ility !ar 'ey&nd that &! any

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C&r"en reminds them t& rest, 'ut they ma$e their &/n de"isi&ns.1

U&n arri%al at the !irst la', the +uide in!&rms the +r&u, 1One &! the m&st interestin+ thin+s /eMre n&//&r$in+ &n is the ele"tr&ni" edu"at&r. Our understandin+ &! the human 'rain has n&/ rea"hed the &int/here /e $n&/, in the&ry, %ari&us /ays t& la"e $n&/led+e dire"tly int& the li%in+ 'rain &! a human 'ein

'y ele"tr&ni" means. <hen this is er!e"ted, it /ill ena'le us t& a"0uire instantane&usly a s$ill that&ther/ise mi+ht ta$e years &! learnin+ and ra"ti"e. Our areas &! e4tensi%e $n&/led+e /ill n& l&n+er 'elimited t& the in!&rmati&n that is r&+rammed int& &ur sulementary 'rains in the em'ry&ni" sta+e.

15n the ne4t la' they are d&in+ resear"h &n lan+ua+e and th&u+ht. H&/ "an &ur sea$in+ and thin$in+ 'm&re raid and ha%e +reater "&rrelati&n /ith the /&rld ar&und usL The e4erien"e &! r&+rammin+"&muters has made us a/are &! h&/ "areless &ur e%eryday see"h really is. <e mi4 u !a"ts,des"riti&ns, +uesses, *ud+ments, and hy&theses. They are e4erimentin+ /ith imr&%ed $&r2y's$ianlan+ua+e te"hni0ues that "an +i%e &ur th&u+hts added redi"ta'ility.1

As they "&ntinue their *&urney al&n+ the m&%in+ /al$/ays &! the resear"h "enter, the y&un+ +uide

enthusiasti"ally related, 1The s"ientists in this area are *ust "&mletin+ the en+ineerin+ se"i!i"ati&ns !&rthe reli"at&r. The reli"at&r is an en&rm&us ma"hine "&mle4 that "reates '&th its &/n ra/ materialsand ener+y !r&m sea /ater and then manu!a"tures e%erythin+ in &ne "y'ernated unit. 5ts 4ray andse"tr&dynami" inuts "an s"an any in&r+ani" &'*e"t and duli"ate it.

1This reli"at&r /&uld um hu+e %&lumes &! sea /ater !r&m the Atlanti" O"ean. The !usi&n materials/&uld 'e searated t& suly /ater !&r the reli"at&r. The hydr&+en, &4y+en, and &ther at&ms in the sea/ater /&uld then 'e r&"essed thr&u+h the use &! en&rm&us am&unts &! ener+y t& ma$e /hate%er"hemi"als are needed !&r industrial r&du"ti&n 'y the reli"at&r. This /&uld 'yass the m&re "&mli"atesystem /e are n&/ usin+, /here'y steel is mined at &ne &int, man+anese is mined at a &int a th&usamiles a/ay, "&er is mined else/here, and s& !&rth. 1And /eMd ne%er need t& ma$e an&ther reli"at&r,

!&r &ne &! the !irst *&'s +i%en t& the reli"at&r /&uld 'e t& duli"ate itsel!. One "&uld 'e shied t& them&&n t& ma$e it a sel!sustainin+ "&l&ny. O! "&urse, /e "&uldnMt use /ater as an inut res&ur"e &n them&&n. 5t /&uld ha%e t& 'e altered s& that its ener+y and at&ms !&r ra/ material /&uld "&me !r&m them&&nMs "rust. An additi&nal reli"at&r mi+ht 'e s"heduled !&r )ars.

1A +r&u &! men /&r$in+ &n the reli"at&r is lannin+ t& er!e"t an &r+ani" reli"at&r that /&uldrer&du"e lants &r animals. Derhas it /&uld e%en 'e a'le t& rer&du"e a human. Tele&rtati&n mi+hte%&l%e !r&m this ma"hine. (y transmittin+ the ele"tri"al imulses &! the s"anner, /e mi+ht 'e a'le t& senalm&st instantly the atterns &! a human t& a reli"at&r &n the m&&n that /&uld rer&du"e the ers&n.1

'o$o echanusG&he Ne! S*ec+es

15n this ne4t la',1 &ur +uide "&ntinues, 1resear"hers are usin+ a "&muter t& "reate a m&del &! a ma"hins&"iety in /hi"h there are n& humans. )a"hines "an rer&du"e themsel%es and "an d& alm&st anythin+humans "an.

1This is all s& ne/. <e need t& !ind ans/ers t& many 0uesti&ns. This la' has a 'i+ ar+ument +&in+. 5s

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man 'e"&min+ &'s&leteL S&me &! the men here 'elie%e that man mi+ht 'e the &nly animal t& desi+n hisrela"ementI

1Only a !e/ "enturies a+& /e 'e+an t& sulement the human eye /ith +lasses. Then /e de%ised "&ntalenses. )ean/hile, /e made !alse teeth and hearin+ aids. Al&n+ "ame me"hani"al hearts, $idneys, lun+

C&muters /ere de%el&ed that e%&l%ed int& 'rains that &uter!&rmed the human "&rte4. Then "amearti!i"ial eyes that "&uld see 'etter than human eyes. Current me"hani"al m&dels &! the st&ma"h,intestines, li%er and +lands all /&r$ 'etter than the !lesh "&unterarts. N&/ /eMre a'&ut t& 'uild the !irst a ne/ se"iesGHomo mechanus. S&&n /e /ill ha%e a me"hani"al man that "an &uter!&rm us in e%ery/ay. Homo mechanus /ill 'e a'le t& thin$ 'etter, m&%e 0ui"$er and m&re e!!e"ti%ely and li%e !&re%er, t&Can /e redesi+n human !lesh thr&u+h #NA maniulati&n t& $ee u /ith the er!&rman"e &! this ne/se"iesL <e had 'etter /&r$ !ast, &r /e mi+ht 'e li$e a 'un"h &! shee 'ein+ tended 'y sueri&r 'ein+s<e "&uld 'e"&me as e4tin"t as the 'r&nt&saurus. 5s Homo mechanus &ur !inal e%&luti&nL1

A odern %au" Reere

The +uide m&%es &n t& an ad*&inin+ la'&rat&ry. 1One &! the men in this la' is retty !ar &ut. He has 'eenni"$named MDaul Re%ere.M HeMs "&n"erned a'&ut the ultimate sta'ility &! C&r"en. He says, MSure, C&r"en/&r$in+ hard !&r us. <eM%e +&t it made n&/. 5t &erates in a sel!less, me"hani"al /ay t& +i%e us a +&&dli!e. (ut su&se s&me day C&r"en +ets tired &! a man"entered &rientati&nL C&uld C&r"en de"ide thatman is a threat and a nuisan"eL Su&se it sh&uld surretiti&usly desi+n and 'uild r&'&ts t& +i%e itdi"tat&rial &/erL C&r"en "an desi+n and ma$e a milli&n r&'&ts /ith&ut &ur $n&/in+ it. Can man al/aysturn &!! the s/it"h i! he /ants t&L1

Hella remem'ers that C&r"en r&+rammed their sulemental 'rains. 5t desi+ned their +enes. She +i%es

her ima+inati&n !ull s"&e. 5! sur%i%al &! the !ittest alies in the !uture, /ill man &r the ma"hine sur%i%eLOr /&uld "&e4isten"e 'e the ans/erL 1S& n&/ y&u $n&/ /hatMs +&in+ &n in this la'. 5 su&se n& matteh&/ ni"e thin+s are, s&me e&le /ill !ind s&methin+ t& /&rry a'&ut,1 the +uide says reassurin+ly.

Hella is imressed 'y these e4editi&ns int& the un$n&/n 'y the manma"hine team. Ad%enture,e4l&rati&n, "hallen+e, and e%en dan+erG"&uld li!e in re%i&us "enturies ha%e 'een this e4"itin+L <hileher th&u+hts are enetratin+ these ne/ %istas, she re"ei%es a messa+e !r&m S"&tt. He is still in 5ndia 'uis lea%in+ !&r a sa"e stati&n &r'itin+ the earth. He /&nders i! Hella /&uld li$e t& meet him &n the m&&n

.The 3imitless Fr&ntiers &! Sa"e

<hile S"&tt is still in 5ndia, he re"ei%es a messa+e !r&m C&r"en that an im&rtant meetin+ &! sa"es"ientists is 'ein+ "alled 'y the #ire"t&r &! Sa"e Resear"h at satellite head0uarters. S"&tt is in%ited t&arti"iate as art &! the medi"al en+ineerin+ team. The messa+e !r&m C&r"en "&ntains a hint that anim&rtant ann&un"ement is t& 'e made. This aeals t& S"&tt, and he instru"ts the nearest "y'ernat&r tma$e immediate lans !&r him t& tra%el t& the sa"e stati&n.

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A "ra!t desi+ned t& land &n the satellite "ity is a%aila'le &nly in "ertain sa"e&rts. The nearest &ne is,88 miles a/ay, a !&rty!i%e minute tri &n the lineara""elerati&n train. As S"&ttMs train ar&a"hes thesa"e&rt, it de"elerates t& 78 miles er h&ur. His "&martment disen+a+es !r&m the train and"&n%er+es &n the 'ase &! the laun"hin+ site. A hydrauli" li!t raises the "&martment and inserts it in the&ised sa"e"ra!t. The entran"e is sealed. The ne+ati%e a""elerat&rs are turned &n. The "ra!t aear

t& !all a/ay !r&m the earth. S"&tt n&ti"es that the ta$e&!! is "&m!&rta'leG0uite an imr&%ement &%er then&isy 'last&!! &! the re%i&us times.

As S"&tt 'e+ins tal$in+ /ith his !ell&/ assen+ers, he reali2es that they, t&&, !eel s&methin+ 'i+ is "&miu. (ut n& &ne has any in!&rmati&n a'&ut it. 5s there tr&u'le &n the e4editi&n settin+ u a stati&n &nSaturnL Are they still $i"$in+ ar&und that r&&sal t& &4y+enate the m&&nMs atm&shereL Are any ma*&raster&ids headed !&r earth &n an &r'it that /&uld "reate a "&llisi&n emer+en"yL 5s s&me ne/ ste insa"e e4l&rati&n 'ein+ lannedL N&t e%en a hint is a%aila'le.

The "ra!t is n&/ in &r'it, and the sa"e stati&n, alth&u+h a th&usand miles a/ay, "an easily 'e seen /iththe eye. S"&tt /at"hes /ith interest as the sheri"al "ity +r&/s lar+er and lar+er &n their teler&*e"ti&n

s"reen. This island in sa"e is @88 !eet in diameter and has a r&tatin+ sta!! &! a'&ut 88 te"hni"ians.Alm&st all &! the %&ya+es 'a"$ and !&rth t& the lanets 'e+in and end at this !l&atin+ sa"e&rt. There aamle st&ra+e areas "&ntainin+ sulies &! all the !uels used in sa"e. 5t has a !usi&n &/er lant &! thesi2e that is used &n earth t& suly a milli&n inha'itants. 5t "&ntains the m&st ad%an"ed re"ei%in+ andre"&rdin+ e0uiment, /hi"h !&r many de"ades has 'een s"annin+ the s$y !&r si+nals !r&m intelli+en"e in&uter sa"e. 5t is a master /eather stati&n, a "enter !&r sa"e medi"ine, and a relay stati&n !&rtele"&mmuni"ati&n si+nals. 5n earlier times it /as used !&r astr&n&mi"al resear"h, 'ut the thrust &!sa"e"ra!t "&min+ and +&in+ made it m&re desira'le t& "reate an&ther se"iali2ed "ity in the s$y !&r thisur&se.

S"&ttMs shi "&ules t& the &r'itin+ sa"e&rt, and he !inds himsel! "&n%eyed thr&u+h a tu'e that "&nne"

the "ra!t t& the ressuri2ed "&martments &! the satellite "ity. De&le are /ei+htless in sa"e, 'ut thissatellite "ity has an arti!i"ial 11 !ield that +i%es a +ra%ity e!!e"t similar t& that &n earth.

Sin"e neither S"&tt n&r his "&mani&ns "arry 'a++a+e, there is n& need !&r them t& 1+et settled1 in their"&martments. The meetin+ is s"heduled t& 'e+in /ithin !i!teen minutes a!ter arri%al. As S"&tt enters a"ir"ular audit&rium, he reali2es that his +r&u must ha%e 'een am&n+ the last t& +et there. The #ire"t&r Sa"e Resear"h /al$s t& the "enter and &ens the meetin+.

1The &""asi&n t&day reminds me &! a st&ry a'&ut a "ra!t !r&m &uter sa"e that landed &n earth,1 the#ire"t&r 'e+ins in a t&astmaster style &'%i&usly inherited !r&m re%i&us "enturies. 1The d&&r t& theunusual "ra!t &ened and t/& stran+e "reatures "ra/led &ut. A!ter se%eral /ee$s the earth s"ientists

learned t& "&mmuni"ate /ith them. ari&us tests sh&/ed that they had +reat intelli+en"eG/ith an 5.Q. &&%er 88. One &! the earth s"ientists !inally as$ed the stran+e "reatures, MH&/ did y&u mana+e t&de%el& su"h +reat intelli+en"eLM

1 %e/re not so very intelligent ,1 &ne &! the "reatures relied. 1%e/re "ust their monkeys. 1

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A!ter the lau+hter dies d&/n, a %ery seri&us and th&u+ht!ul e4ressi&n "&mes &%er the #ire"t&rMs !a"e.S"&tt shi!ts restlessly G1Here it "&mes.1

1As y&u $n&/, !&r many de"ades /eM%e 'een !ilterin+ si+nals !r&m the +ala"ti" n&ise &! interstellar sa"eF&r years antennas ha%e 'een dire"ted t&/ard the areas that +i%e the str&n+est si+nals. <e ha%e

re"&rded milli&ns &! h&urs &! si+nals that /e !elt must ha%e "&me !r&m &ther intelli+ent 'ein+s. Our+reatest attenti&n has 'een +i%en t& an unusually str&n+ si+nal s&ur"e that emanates !r&m a &int near3yra.1

A star ma aears &n a lar+e teles"reen, and the %&i"e "&ntr&lled ele"tr&ni" &inter t&u"hes the"&nstellati&n &! 3yra.

1#urin+ the last ten years the si+nals !r&m this area ha%e in"reased en&rm&usly in "larity s& that /esuse"t that these 1e&le1 must ha%e i"$ed u &ur radi& transmissi&ns and are ma$in+ a se"ial e!!&rt& 'rea$ thr&u+h t& us. As y&u $n&/, &ur "&muters ha%e 'een attemtin+ t& de"iher thesetransmissi&ns, 'ut it has 'een !ruitless 'e"ause they are usin+ a lan+ua+e that is alien t& &urs. They are

als& transmittin+ si+nals /ith a s"annin+ system that is stru"turally di!!erent !r&m &urs. Until last /ee$these 'l&"$a+es ha%e $et us !r&m interretin+ their si+nals.

1A /ee$ a+& this "han+ed. The "&muters /e de%el&ed !i%e years a+& /ere instru"ted t& startsystemati"ally a rand&m "he"$&ut &! e%ery "&n"ei%a'le system that "&uld 'e used !&r the transmissi&n &t/& &r three dimensi&nal ima+es. The 'rea$thr&u+h &""urred last <ednesday /hen &ur "&muters /erea'le t& de"iher '&th the audi& and %ide& arts &! the transmissi&n.

The mathemati"al &rti&ns &! the lan+ua+e /ere the !irst t& 'e interreted. <ith the hel &! the threedimensi&nal %ide& as a MR&setta St&ne,M &nly three h&urs later the "&muter /as a'le t& r&du"e a"&mrehensi%e di"ti&nary that /as ade0uate !&r the interretati&n &! si+nals that had 'een re"&rded !r&

this s&ur"e.1The audien"e listens intently. S"&tt thin$s &! a arallel time in hist&ry /hen C&lum'us made hisaearan"e at the C&urt &! Ferdinand and 5sa'ella t& re&rt his dis"&%eries in the ne/ /&rld. TheSanish "&urtiers must ha%e had !eelin+s at that time &! h&/ +reat their "i%ili2ati&n /as t& ha%e madesu"h en&rm&us r&+ress in r&llin+ 'a"$ the !r&ntiers &! the un$n&/n.

1Dra"ti"ally n& &ne &n &ur sta!! has slet !&r the ast se%en days,1 says the #ire"t&r. 1Alth&u+h /e ha%ede"ihered &nly a %ery small am&unt &! the re"&rded material, /e ha%e s"anned en&u+h &! it t& ha%e as$et"hy i"ture at this time &! /hatMs +&in+ &n &ut there, &r erhas 5 sh&uld say /hat /ent &n t/entysi4years a+&. These si+nals /e are n&/ re"ei%in+ t&&$ t/entysi4 years t& rea"h us. <e ha%e steed u

&ur "&mmuni"ati&n r&+ram and ha%e 'eamed se%eral &! &ur transmittin+ antennas t&/ard this &ints&ur"e, 'ut it /ill ta$e them many years t& re"ei%e the in!&rmati&n that /e are n&/ sendin+ &ut.

15t aears that this lanet that is si+nalin+ t& us e%&l%ed a !&rm &! &r+ani" li!e milli&ns &! years a+&.1Here the #ire"t&r &ints t& a lar+e ima+e that has aeared &n the teles"reen. 5t is *ust as S"&tte4e"ted. The intelli+ent li!e &n this distant lanet has little in "&mm&n /ith the human !&rm that e%&l%ed&n earth.

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Cybernated Or#an+s$s

The #ire"t&r "&ntinues, 1These e&le, and 'e"ause theyMre intelli+ent 'ein+s /e "an "all them e&le,+radually rela"ed the %ari&us "&m&nents &! their '&dies /ith me"hanisms that added en&rm&usly t&their !un"ti&nal "aa"ity. 5nstead &! *ust usin+ le+s, they de%el&ed emissi&n systems that ermitted

them t& +& u &r d&/n &r t& tra%el at seeds u t& 788 $il&meters er h&ur.

5nstead &! +&in+ thr&u+h the relati%ely time"&nsumin+ r&"esses &! eatin+, di+estin+, assimilatin+, andeliminatin+, they /&r$ed &ut a "l&sed"y"le system that ermitted them t& &erate !r&m radiant "&smi"ener+y. Their desire t& e4tend their li!esans t& th&usands &! years led them t& rela"e the !ra+ile arts&! their '&dies /ith me"hani"al arts. 5n the e%ent &! a rare mal!un"ti&n, the me"hanism reairs itsel! inmi"r&se"&nds 'y ele"tr&!&rmin+ a duli"ate art, *ust as a human '&dy reairs a /&und 'y +r&/in+ ne/"ells. <ith their '&dies rela"ed 'y me"hani"al stru"tures, these 'ein+s 'e"ame alm&st a+eless andindestru"ti'le. They "&uld "&mmuni"ate th&usands &! times !aster than re%i&usly. They ha%e multilee4tens&rs that are tireless and "an maniulate &'*e"ts !ar m&re e!!e"ti%ely than their &ri+inal arms.

15 am sure s&me &! y&u are /&nderin+ /hether these "y'ernated &r+anismsGletMs *ust "all them "y'&r+Gli%e a leasureless and *&yless e4istense. This d&es n&t aear t& 'e the "ase. These "y'&r+s "anha%e any !eelin+s &r e4erien"es they desire simly 'y sendin+ ele"tr&ni" si+nals int& their 'rains.1

S"&tt $n&/s that the mental e4erien"e "&min+ !r&m ele"tri"al inuts "ann&t 'e distin+uished !r&msi+nals that are sent t& &ur 'rains 'y &ur &/n senses. S"&ttMs ass&"iates had already r&du"ed are"&rdin+ that /as transmitted dire"tly t& the 'rain. The result /as a "&mlete sensati&n &! seein+'eauti!ul sunsets, &! ha%in+ a se4ual "lima4, and &! sa%&rin+ the m&st e4&ti" !&&ds.

1The "y'&r+s ha%e r&du"ed re"&rded inut stimuli t& +i%e any desired sensation. They ha%e indi"atedthat their me"hani"al e4erien"es are !ar m&re intense than they used t& 'e,1 the #ire"t&r says. 1They

"an turn u the &/er &! the inuts that they !ind arti"ularly leasura'le. Here are s&me &! the threedimensi&nal teler&*e"ti&ns /e ha%e i"$ed u.1

S"&tt l&&$s at the lar+e s"reen. He sees "y'&r+s m&%in+ at hi+h seeds thr&u+h the air. They di%e int&the /ater and tra%el raidly a !e/ !eet a'&%e the '&tt&m &! a distant lanetary sea. The teler&*e"ti&n n&sh&/s a r&+ressi&n &! di!!erent tyes &! "y'&r+s. S&me ha%e s&lid state &r !luid state thin$in+me"hanisms. As this !ar&!! "i%ili2ati&n a"0uired m&re and m&re e4erien"e al&n+ this line, they "reatedme"hani"al '&dies and 'rains /ith +reater !le4i'ility. S"&tt is reminded &! the annual m&del "han+e that"ar manu!a"turers /ere s& !&nd &! durin+ the re%i&us "entury. A 'rain mi+ht 'e 1'&rn a+ain1 /ith an ut&theminute desi+n as &!ten as it desired. <hat !antasti" ne/ dimensi&ns this "&uld &!!er t& e4isten"eI

(8*ed+t+on to Outer S*ace

1This initial "&nta"t /ith intelli+ent 'ein+s in &uter sa"e,1 "&ntinues the #ire"t&r, 1has made us re%ise&ur s"hedules !&r sa"e e4l&rati&n. <e /ant t& esta'lish ers&nal "&nta"t as s&&n as &ssi'le /ith thidistant "i%ili2ati&n. E%en i! /e had a sa"e shi that "&uld tra%el at the seed &! li+ht, it /&uld still ta$et/entysi4 years t& +et there. As y&u $n&/, the !astest sa"e shi /e n&/ ha%e a%aila'le /as desi+ned

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t& &erate at a seed &! ?-,888,888 miles er h&ur, /hi"h is &nly &netenth the seed &! li+ht. <eM%e +&a l&n+ /ay t& +&. 5 /ant lans dra/n u /ithin the ne4t thirty days !&r +ase&us nu"lear rea"t&r "ra!t that"an "&me /ithin >8 er "ent &! the seed &! li+ht. <e "an use s&me &! the sare "aa"ity &! C&r"en in/&r$in+ this &ut.

1EinsteinMs the&ry &! relati%ity indi"ates that /hen a sa"eshi tra%els ar&und >8 er "ent &! the seed &!li+ht, time asses &nly a'&ut hal! as !ast as it d&es &n earth. Thus, &ur ers&nnel /ill a+e &nly a'&ut!&urteen and &nehal! years &n a t/entynine year *&urney at this seed. E%erythin+ a'&ard /ill seemn&rmal, and this sl&/in+ &! the "l&"$ /ill 'e n&ti"ed &nly a!ter they return t& earth. <hen /e +et &ursa"eshis t& tra%el /ithin &nehal! &! er"ent &! the seed &! li+ht, a year in sa"e /ill r&du"e thea+in+ &! a'&ut a m&nth &n earth. <hen &ur "re/ returns a!ter a l&n+ %&ya+e in sa"e, any mem'er /ill'e "&nsidera'ly y&un+er than, !&r e4amle, an identi"al t/in /h& remains &n earthI <eMll r&'a'ly ha%elittle tr&u'le +ettin+ %&lunteers,1 the #ire"t&r says /ith a /ry smile.

1<e must ma$e de"isi&ns s&&n re+ardin+ the li!e su&rt systems. T& 'e &n the sa!e side, /e sh&uld"arry su!!i"ient !&&d and ener+y t& last !&r a "entury. <e must +i%e th&u+ht t& the tye &! ers&nnel that

/ill 'e 'est adated !&r this tri. Sh&uld /e attemt t& arrest ele"tr&ni"ally m&st &! the ers&nnel a'&ards& that their '&dies /ill n&t 'e su'*e"t t& /ear &r deteri&rati&n durin+ the time it /ill ta$e them t& +et t&this lanetL T& /hat e4tent sh&uld their human &r+ans 'e rela"ed 'y the imr&%ed me"hani"alsu'stitutes /e n&/ ha%e a%aila'leL S&me &! y&u may $n&/ that my heart and $idneys /&re &ut a'&utt/enty years a+&, and !&r the last t/& de"ades 5M%e 'een li%in+ /ith a me"hani"al heart and $idneysetu.1 At this &int he tas his "hest se%eral times.

15M%e ne%er !elt 'etter, and they !un"ti&n er!e"tly. 5 'elie%e i! 5 /ere +&in+ &n this %&ya+e 6at this &int hel&&$s a 'it /ist!ul9, 5 /&uld 'e 'etter e0uied 'e"ause &! my me"hani"al heart and $idneys. All medi"ateams here 6S"&tt listens %ery "are!ully at this &int9 sh&uld 'e reared /ithin se%eral m&nths t& +i%eme their re"&mmendati&ns re+ardin+ the se"i!i"ati&ns !&r ers&nnel t& ma$e this e4tended tri thr&u+h

sa"e.1

&he Lon#9Ran#e %ro#ra$

The #ire"t&r, /h& &'%i&usly has 'een under "&nsidera'le e4"itement !&r se%eral days, ta$es time t& +uld&/n a "&ntainer &! r&tein drin$ si$ed /ith a hi+h "&n"entrati&n &! /aters&lu'le %itamins. A!ter a !e/se"&nds he "&ntinues, 1<e sh&uld n&t let &ur sa"e r&+ram 'e d&minated 'y this sin+le e%ent. This is&nly the 'e+innin+, and /e sh&uld thin$ in l&n+ran+e, &%erall terms. 3et me re%ie/ /here /e are t&day

1As y&u all $n&/,1 the #ire"t&r says, 1/e !irst rea"hed the m&&n ar&und >?>, and /ithin a de"adese%eral ermanent stati&ns /ere esta'lished there. The !irst ermanent stati&n /as esta'lished &n )arsin >@-. There are n&/ &%er 8,888 e&le there. enus t&&$ l&n+er 'e"ause &! the @88 de+reeFahrenheit sur!a"e temerature. <e /ere a'le t& utili2e an en&rm&us m&untain that &!!ered m&re"&m!&rta'le temeratures. <e ha%e had an under+r&und stati&n &n enus sin"e 78@. <e /ill s&&n'e+in t& "&&l the lanet and &4y+enate the atm&shere.

1)er"ury resented us /ith interestin+ r&'lems. 5tMs nearest the sun, and it is ar&4imately ,788 mile

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in diameter. <e ha%e a "h&i"e &! a sur!a"e temerature &! a'&ut @88 de+rees &n the art !a"in+ the sun&r 88 de+rees 'el&/ 2er& &n the art a/ay !r&m the sun. <eM%e had an under+r&und stati&n there sin"787?.

15t t&&$ us a'&ut a 0uarter"entury a!ter )er"ury t& /&r$ &ut the r&'lems &! Juiter. <e !irst landed &n

the lar+est m&&n, anymede. Temerature and radiati&n &n the sur!a"e &! Juiter ha%e n&t 'een asmu"h &! a r&'lem as /e e4e"ted, than$s t& imr&%ements in !&r"e!ield te"hn&l&+y. Juiter has ele%etimes the diameter &! earth and &%er a hundred times its area. The atm&shere is lar+ely hydr&+en andhelium, and it is 'y !ar the st&rmiest &! all the lanets. Dressure /as &ur 'i++est r&'lem !&r n&"&n%enti&nal sa"e shi "&uld /ithstand its "rushin+ ressure that is ar&4imated &n &ur earth &nly atthe '&tt&m &! &ur deeest &"eans. Alth&u+h this /as &ne &! the m&st h&stile lanets, /eM%e had a "&l&ny&! hardy s"ientists h&led u &n the S&uth D&le &! Juiter !&r se%eral de"ades, ma$in+ %alua'le studiesthat ha%e heled us in e4l&rin+ the interi&r &! the earth.

1<ithin ten days /e e4e"t t& land &n Titan, &ne &! the m&&ns &! Saturn. T/& years a+& a mannedsa"e shi sur%eyed Uranus and its !i%e m&&ns. Our unmanned r&'es &%er the ast "entury ha%e +i%e

us %ital in!&rmati&n &n '&th Netune and Dlut&. S& mu"h !&r the lanets.

A Se"/9Susta+n+n# (8*"orer

1<e must n& l&n+er thin$ in terms &! &ur s&lar system. <e ha%e a uni%erse t& e4l&re. <e sh&uld 'e+in/&r$ &n an inter+ala"ti" sa"e"ra!t en+ineered t& lea%e this earth and ne%er returnI1

At this &int there are mu!!led +ass thr&u+h&ut the r&&m as the immensity &! the "&n"eti&n 'rea$su&n the audien"e. The r&&m 'e"&mes 0uiet a+ain. The #ire"t&r "&ntinues.

1This sa"e"ra!t /ill 'e a shere a'&ut a hal!mile in diameter. 5t /ill "arry ,888,888 yearsM suly &!nu"lear ener+y, /hi"h /ill 'e relenished 'y a's&r'in+ radiant ener+y in sa"e. The astr&nauts may +era/ materials 'y 1minin+1 sa"e !&r aster&ids and "&mets. The reli"at&r a'&ard /ill ena'le them t&"&n%ert ener+y t& matter and als& t& "&n%ert matter t& ener+y, /hi"he%er is needed.

1The sa"e"ra!t /ill r&'a'ly ha%e a'&ut ,88 e&le a'&ard /hen it lea%es us. Derhas they /illreli"ate e&le /hen m&re are needed. They /ill ha%e "ra!t !&r e4l&rin+ and landin+ &n un$n&/nlanets in the +reat rea"hes &! sa"e. <hat s&rt &! ers&nnel are 'est e0uied t& man this e4editi&nt&/ard in!inityL Sh&uld /e send humansL Derhas /e sh&uld redesi+n humans !&r sur%i%al in &utersa"eP. Are humans hardy en&u+h !&r the ri+&rs &! sa"eL Sh&uld /e send "y'&r+sGme"hani"al '&die

/ith human 'rainsL As y&u $n&/, /e ha%e 'een su""ess!ul in me"hani"ally duli"atin+ and imr&%in+e%ery art &! the human '&dy, in"ludin+ the 'rain. Sh&uld /e send me"hani"al men /h& ha%e n& !ra+ilehuman artsL They /&uld n&t 'e a!!e"ted 'y radiati&n, 'el&/ 2er& temerature, &r la"$ &! &4y+en. They"&uld a""&mlish ha2ard&us *&'s in sa"e that /&uld mean "ertain death t& a human. They /&uld ha%en& !&&d &r eliminati&n re0uirements. Ener+y !&r a "entury "&uld 'e 'uilt in. These me"hanisms /&uldsur%i%e stress that /&uld $ill e%ery&ne else. They /&uld 'e imm&rtal: any art that mi+ht /ear &ut "&uldeasily 'e rela"ed. Alth&u+h me"hani"al men /ith these se"i!i"ati&ns are n&t a%aila'le t&day, /e e4et& ha%e them s&&n. Derhas /e sh&uld lan t& use all three tyes &n this e4editi&n.

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1This %an+uard &! &ur "i%ili2ati&n /ill r&'a'ly re"ei%e &ur si+nals !&r !&rty years. (e"ause &! the time la/e /ill r&'a'ly hear !r&m them !&r !&rty years a!ter &ur si+nals ha%e 'e"&me t&& dim !&r them t& i"$ uThen these e4l&rers /ill really 'e &n their &/nGne%er a+ain t& "&mmuni"ate /ith us in any /ay. Theymay "h&&se t& 'ran"h &ut &%er the lanets &! the entire uni%erse s& that 'illi&ns &! years !r&m n&/ these

"hildren &! earth /ill ar&a"h the &utside &! the uni%erseGi! it has an &utside. There are r&'a'ly &%erten 'illi&n lanets suita'le !&r the 'irth and de%el&ment &! li!e as /e $n&/ it. N& matter /hat they d&,e&le &n earth /ill r&'a'ly ne%er $n&/ a'&ut it. E%en i! "&mmuni"ati&n /ere &ssi'le, it /&uld hardly'e h&t ne/s 'y the time /e re"ei%ed it.1 There are se%eral "hu"$les thr&u+h&ut the r&&m.

1Alth&u+h /e /ill ne%er $n&/ /here they are &r /hat they are d&in+, /e "an 'e sure that they and their&!!srin+ "&l&nies /ill 'e %ery 'usy. The diameter &! the +ala4y &! !lamin+ suns in /hi"h &ur earth isl&"ated is 88,888 li+ht years a"r&ss. As y&u $n&/, li+ht tra%elin+ thr&u+h sa"e at the rate &! @?,88miles er se"&nd /ill tra%el a'&ut si4 trilli&n miles in a year. Alha Centauri, the nearest star 'ey&nd &ursun, is ar&4imately 7 trilli&n miles a/ay. 5t ta$es li+ht a'&ut !&ur and a 0uarter years t& rea"h us !r&mthis star. Our &/n +ala4y "&ntains &ne hundred 'illi&n stars /ith, /e resume, "&untless lanets &n /hi

li!e e4ists. And &ur +ala4y is &nly &ne &ut &! tens &! 'illi&ns &! similar +ala4ies s"attered thr&u+h&ut thee4andin+ uni%erse. 5t /&uld 'e simler t& study e%ery +rain &! sand &n e%ery 'ea"h in the /&rld than t&e4l&re the uni%erse.

1The un"harted seas &! sa"e are alm&st /ith&ut limit. 5! /e ma$e an anal&+y /ith the e4l&rati&ns &!C&lum'us, it /&uld seem 'y "&maris&n that this /ily &ld e4l&rer did little m&re than sti"$ his 'i+ t&e &uthe 'a"$ d&&r. The de"isi&ns that /e ma$e in the ne4t !e/ years /ill deely a!!e"t the destiny &! thehuman ra"e and, /h& $n&/s, erhas the uni%erse. )an has a /ay &! "uttin+ an e%er/idenin+ trail/here%er he +&es.1

At this &int the #ire"t&r sits d&/n, &'%i&usly !illed /ith a dee sense &! the intera"ti&n &! resent and

!uture. The s"ientists +radually lea%e the r&&m. There is n& "&n%ersati&n. E%ery&ne is en+a+ed in his&/n th&u+hts. S"&tt /&nders /hether he "an still meet Hella &n the m&&n as they ha%e lanned.

.The Ne/ Ders&nality

Hella has tentati%e lans t& meet S"&tt at the main "elestial me"hani"s &'ser%at&ry &n the m&&n. S"&tt,h&/e%er, has 'e"&me a's&r'ed in sa"e resear"h that /ill lay a art in the !irst !a"et&!a"e "&nta"t /e4traterrestrial 'ein+s. 5n the meantime, an &&rtunity has "&me t& Hella that is t&& interestin+ t& turnd&/n. C&r"en has "he"$ed /ith her re+ardin+ her interest in &'ser%in+ a +r&u &! e&le !r&m the

t/entieth "entury that ha%e 'een tha/ed &ut.

5n the latter art &! the t/entieth "entury, t& a%&id the !inality &! death many e&le had themsel%es 0ui"!r&2en immediately 'e!&re &r a!ter death. They h&ed that 'y ha%in+ their '&dies reser%ed they "&uld 'tha/ed &ut at a later date /ith minimal dama+e s& the medi"al s$ill &! a !uture "i%ili2ati&n "&uld 'rin+them 'a"$ t& li!e. One &! the m&re du'i&us le+a"ies &! the ast /as a'&ut t/entyt/& th&usand &! these!r&2en e&le.

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&he+r %athet+c 'er+ta#e

(y means &! m&nit&rin+ i"$us, the "ust&dians are a'le t& ma$e a re"&rdin+ &! m&st &! the 'eha%i&r &!the t/entieth"entury tha/ees. One e%enin+ as Hella is /at"hin+ them &n the teler&*e"ti&n s"reen, t/&men 'e+in t& 0uarrel. One man suse"ts that an&ther man has attemted t& &'tain a se4ual relati&nshi/ith a /&man he !eels 'el&n+s t& him. Alth&u+h the /&man r&tests that his susi"i&ns are n&t "&rre"t,he slas her in the !a"e and hits her in the ri's s& hard that it sends her sra/lin+ a"r&ss the r&&m. Theman /ith /h&m she has 'een a""used &! intima"y stands u and rushes t&/ard the atta"$in+ man. A!i+ht 'e+ins that lasts se%eral minutes.

Neither Hella n&r any&ne in the +r&u has e%er seen any&ne stri$e an&ther ers&n in an+er. They /at"hsell'&und, as the !i+ht "&ntinues. They ha%e read that t/entieth"entury tele%isi&n sh&/ed !i+hts andmurders. They $n&/ little "hildren in that s&"iety s&metimes sent !r&m !&ur t& ei+ht h&urs a day /at"hin

su"h %i"i&us r&+rams and learnin+ these !&l$/ays. Hella, h&/e%er, has ne%er seen any &! these !ilms.She $n&/s they are a%aila'le u&n re0uest !r&m C&r"en. She has *ust ne%er 'een "uri&us a'&ut su"h&'s"enity.

The man /h& started the !i+ht seems t& 'e l&sin+. (l&&d is streamin+ !r&m his n&se. Suddenly, the*eal&us man i"$s u a metal 'ar and 'rin+s it d&/n /ith a "run"hin+ ima"t &n the head &! the man /h"ame t& the /&manMs res"ue. His le+s "rumle, and he slums t& the !l&&r. He is dead in minutes. The"ust&dians /at"h in"redul&usly.

The murderer is l&"$ed in a r&&m 'y t/& &ther tha/ees. The ne4t day a "&urt is set u /ith a la/yer /h&thin$s he sh&uld +& !ree and a la/yer /h& as$s !&r his death. A *ud+e is a&inted, and a *ury is sele"teAlth&u+h the "ust&dians ha%e read &! these tri'al "ust&ms, they ha%e ne%er had an &&rtunity t&

e4erien"e them em&ti&nally. 5t seems alm&st im&ssi'le that human 'ein+s "&uld 'eha%e in this mann

A!ter se%eral h&urs &! %er'al "&urtr&&m ritual, the *ury la'els the man 1+uilty,1 and the *ud+e in!&rms himthat the +r&u /ill ta$e his li!e. They tie the manMs hands 'ehind his 'a"$ and ut a r&e ar&und his ne"$They ull him se%eral !eet &!! the +r&und and /at"h sel!ri+hte&usly /hile he "h&$es t& death.

)&st &! the "ust&dians /h& &'ser%e this ritual 'e"&me hysi"ally si"$ and %&mit. They $ee the re"&rde/&r$in+, 'ut they turn &!! the s"reen and /al$ &utside t& ta$e dee 'reaths &! !resh air. As they l&&$ &%ethe %ast Da"i!i" O"ean, they mana+e t& &%er"&me their !eelin+s &! nausea at this stran+e se"ta"le &!manMs inhumanity t& man.

Acce*tance o/ Death

This str&n+ rea"ti&n has n&t 'een "aused 'y a !ear &! death. The e&le in the t/enty!irst "entury re+adeath as a natural hen&men&n and a""et it /hen it "&mes. They ut their ener+y int& li%in+ !ully /hilethey are ali%e. E%ery res&ur"e &! medi"al s"ien"e is used t& $ee '&dies !un"ti&nin+, 'ut ea"h indi%idua"alls a halt /hen he !eels that hysi"al deteri&rati&n has +&ne t&& !ar. <hen the t&r"h &! li!e has 'urned

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'ri+htly, they d& n&t hesitate t& ass it &n t& an&ther. Ea"h indi%idual reali2es that u&n his death a ne/'a'y /ill 'e ermitted t& enter int& the /&rld. They d&nMt !i+ht this natural r&+ressi&n 'ey&nd a "ertain&int. 5n the !uture imm&rtality may 'e &ssi'le. (ut until thenGn& r&'lem.

<hile they are 'reathin+ the !resh &"ean air, Hella as$s /here the &ther !r&2en '&dies are $et. She is

in!&rmed they are in the Antar"ti" %ault near the !r&2en animal se"imens. Hella is sure that they /illremain there !&r s&me time. Derhas th&usands &! years in the !uture /hen a++ressi%e 'eha%i&r is &nly %a+ue, the&reti"al "&n"et, an intreid +r&u mi+ht /ish t& tha/ additi&nal se"imens t& &'ser%e thishen&men&n. 5t seems unli$ely that these !r&2en '&dies "&uld e%er 'e !un"ti&nin+ "iti2ens in a"&ntem&rary s&"iety. Ea"h year the anti0uated ass&"iati&ns l&"$ed in their !r&2en 'rains 'e"&me m&reand m&re inar&riate t& the raidly "han+in+ /&rld.

Hella /ants t& share these %i%id e4erien"es /ith S"&tt as s&&n as she "an. Alth&u+h she en*&ys theintimate "&many &! many men, !&r years her "l&sest !eelin+s ha%e 'een t&/ard S"&tt 'e"ause &! thearallel deth &! intelle"t and !eelin+ they share. S&&n a!ter she has re"&%ered !r&m the sh&"$ &!/itnessin+ the dual ta$in+ &! li!e, Hella "&nta"ts S"&tt &n the sa"e resear"h satellite.

1This la"e is 'usier than a !ryin+ m&le"ule,1 S"&tt tells her. 1<eM%e 'een as$ed t& !ind &ther 0uarters !&&ur resear"h. Sin"e mu"h &! my /&r$ re0uires a "&ld minimum +ra%ity area alm&st !ree &! atm&shere,5Mm m&%in+ t& the m&&n. 3a's are 'ein+ installed ri+ht n&/. C&me &n u and *&in me.1

15t s&unds /&nder!ul,1 she says. 15 +uess my !eelin+s are a little t&& tender t& "&ntinue /ith theset/entieth"entury animals at !irst hand. 5Md mu"h rather read a'&ut them. 5! y&u "&uld ha%e seen their!a"es, S"&ttGthe dee inse"urity, the hatred, the !ear in their eyes. 5M%e +&t t& tal$ t& y&u and 'e "l&se t&y&u.1

Hella immediately in!&rms the "ust&dians &! her lans. She is "&mletely &en and d&es n&t attemt t&de"ei%e them 'y sayin+ that she has t& +& t& the m&&n t& hel S"&tt set u a resear"h stati&n. Alth&u+hthis is true, it /&uld 'e im&ssi'le !&r her t& deal /ith a !ell&/ human &n any 'asis &ther than the !ull tru&! her !eelin+s. She des"ri'es her !eelin+s and her aarent limited t&leran"e at this time !&r !urther&'ser%ati&n &! these reli"s !r&m the t/entieth "entury. E%ery&ne understands /hat she is tal$in+ a'&ut.<ere it n&t !&r their sel!im&sed res&nsi'ility, they /&uld +& /ith her.

&o the oon

Hella e4lains t& C&r"en her em&ti&nal need t& +et t& the m&&n raidly t& 'e /ith S"&tt. C&r"en al/ays

re"&+ni2es the !eelin+s &! humans and &r+ani2es the res&ur"es &! the ne/ /&rld t& meet their needs. A"ra!t is di%erted t& i"$ her u /ithin minutes. She arri%es at a S&uth Ameri"an sa"e&rt /ithin !&rtyminutes &! her tal$ /ith S"&tt. <ithin si4 h&urs she is &n the m&&n.

Alth&u+h m&st &! the stru"tures &n the m&&n ha%e 'een 'uilt under+r&und t& simli!y li!esu&rt systemand +i%e r&te"ti&n !r&m mete&rites, there are se%eral &'ser%ati&n r&&ms a'&%e the sur!a"e. These r&&mare !&rmed 'y si4in"hthi"$, transarent metal d&mes.

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<hen he !irst sees Hella, S"&tt "an tell that she has 'een thr&u+h an unusual em&ti&nal e4erien"e, anhe understands her need t& tal$. He &'tains an &'ser%ati&n r&&m that is n&t +&in+ t& 'e used durin+ thee%enin+. H&/ +&&d it !eels t& 'e t&+ether a+ainI Alth&u+h they ha%e n&t missed ea"h &therG!&r their li%ha%e 'een 'usy /ith !ul!illin+ a"ti%ities /hi"h they shared 'y teler&*e"ti&nGthey '&th !eel an unusually

$een deli+ht in their reuni&n.

They snu++le int& the same li%in+ "&nt&ur "hair. The sides &! their '&dies t&u"h /armly, unhamered 'y"l&thin+. As they l&&$ thr&u+h the +lass &! the &'ser%at&ry int& the ni+ht 'ey&nd, they "an see the 'ri+ht'all &! the earth a 0uartermilli&n miles a/ay. Eur&e, A!ri"a, and art &! Asia are %isi'le.

They !eel t&/ard earth as they suse"t e&le in earlier times may ha%e !elt t&/ard their m&thers. Here the &r+anism that had 'r&u+ht them int& 'ein+ thr&u+h e&ns &! e%&luti&nary time.

Here is the &r+anism that nurtured them and made them /hat they are. Alth&u+h they "an n&t see thesun, they "&mare their !eelin+s a'&ut it t& th&se that "hildren in earlier times may ha%e had a'&ut a

!ather. The ener+y that m&%es e%erythin+ in their li%es may ha%e "&me !r&m the sun. E%en the at&ms tha!&rmed the earth s&me !&ur 'illi&n years a+& may ha%e 'een an &!!sh&&t &! the sunGs&methin+ li$e thesermat&2&a that !athers &! re%i&us times "&ntri'uted t& the a's&r'in+ se4ual &tentials &! the m&thers

15 thin$ 5M%e learned a l&t a'&ut mysel! and &ur s&"iety in the last !e/ /ee$s,1 Hella "&n!esses. 15 hadta$en e%erythin+ !&r +ranted. A ers&n /ith n&rmal %isi&n ne%er are"iates /hat his eyes mean t& him.5tMs &nly /hen y&u "&me !a"e t& !a"e /ith 'lindness that y&u understand the art that y&ur eyes lay iny&ur li!e.1 Hella smiles a sli+ht, tender smile.15t must ha%e 'een distur'in+ t& see the !&l$/ays &! thet/entieth "entury,1 S"&tt says, tryin+ t& emathi2e /ith her.

1Oh, it /as,1 ans/ers Hella, are"iati%e that S"&tt is /&r$in+ t&/ard her in his !eelin+s. She $n&/s she

"an al/ays "&unt &n him. 15 learned a l&t, 'ut 5 /&uld ne%er +& thr&u+h it a+ain.1

15 heard t/& e&le /ere senselessly $illed, &ne 'y an indi%idual and &ne 'y the +r&u,1 says S"&tt. 1#idy&u a"tually see itL1

1Yes.1

15tMs hard t& 'elie%e su"h thin+s "&uld haenGand at the same time that 5 /as 'usy &n the satellite/&r$in+ t& "&nta"t intelli+ent 'ein+s in &uter sa"e. Just thin$, the same /&rld, the same time,1 S"&tt is'e+innin+ t& !eel deely a'&ut the deaths.

Hella d&es n&t /ant t& +et int& a siral &! !eelin+s a'&ut the d&u'le murders. She !eels a need t& steer t"&n%ersati&n t&/ard a deeer are"iati&n &! /hat they ha%eGt& understand the resent in the li+ht &!the ast.

1<hen 5 /as &n the island /ith the tha/ees,1 Hella says, 1se%eral &! them $et insistin+ &n seein+ ala/yer. They didnMt 'elie%e me /hen 5 t&ld them /e ha%e n& use !&r la/ &r la/yers. They /anted t& $n&//hat /e d& /ith "riminals. 5 e4lained that /e ha%e n& "riminalsGthat e&le in &ur s&"iety &! a'undand&nMt a"t a++ressi%ely t&/ard &thers. Y&u ha%e t& 'e inse"ure and a!raid in &rder t& harm &thers. They

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t&ld me it /&uldnMt /&r$Gthat 5 didnMt $n&/ anythin+ a'&ut human nature.

15 tried t& e4lain that &ur sulemental 'rains are imrinted t& ma$e us /ant t& see$ assistan"e i! /e !eun"&m!&rta'le &r h&stile. Aarently, in their s&"iety they had t& "ature h&stile e&le li$e /ild animalsAnd *ust listen t& this, S"&tt. They "a+ed them in *ailsI De&le /&uld %&luntarily +et medi"al hel i! they

had a hysi"al ailment, 'ut s&metimes they /&uldnMt +et sy"hiatri" hel 'e!&re they had d&ne thin+s thahurt s&me&ne.1

15 su&se the thin+ that imressed me m&st deely a'&ut them,1 Hella "&ntinues, 1/as the /ay they/ere dri%en s& !ier"ely 'y their e+& needs. 5 +uess the s"ar"ity "&nditi&ns that set man a+ainst mana""entuated the $in+si2e e+&s /e de%el&ed in &ur l&n+ e%&luti&n !r&m the *un+le. 5n tryin+ t& meet thee+& needs and de%el& a !eelin+ &! indi%idual /&rth, they +&t t&& "&n"erned /ith their status in the eyes&! &thers. They tried t& n&urish their star%ed e+&s /ith silly thin+s li$e min$ "&ats and diam&nd "u!! lin$sThey seemed t& "are less a'&ut 'ein+ su""ess!ul in their &/n terms: they /ere !ar m&re "&n"erned /iththe aearan"e &! su""ess in the eyes &! &ther e&le.

15t seems t& me that &ne &! &ur +reatest di!!eren"es lies in h&/ /e %ie/ &ursel%es,1 "&mments S"&tt,re!le"tin+ &n the r&'lem. 1Our an"est&rs, at least in the t/entieth "entury areas /here these e&le"ame !r&m, didnMt ha%e str&n+ inner standards that e4ressed their &/n indi%iduality. They /ere !ar m&re"&n"erned /ith their reutati&ns than their "hara"ters. Th&se &&r e&le /ere li$e rudderless shis'l&/n 'y /inds &! !ashi&n and st&rms &! "ari"i&us &ini&n.1

1They *ust "&uldnMt li%e 'y their &/n internal standards.1 Hella !eels "&massi&n !&r these e&le and thetra+edy &! their l&st hainess. 15 thin$ this r&'a'ly 'e+an /ith their early "&nditi&nin+. Ri+ht !r&m the/&rd M+&M they /ere d&minated 'y their arents. They had t& d& /hat their arents t&ld them, &r theyMd 'unished &r made t& !eel 'ad. #urin+ their helless, imressi&na'le "hildh&&ds, they de%el&ed the ha'&! n&t *ud+in+ and !eelin+ thin+s !&r themsel%es. 1)&ma $n&/s 'est. #addy /&nMt li$e this.M The !irst !i%eyears /ere "ru"ial. As they +re/ u, they /ere ne%er !ree &! these ers&nality atterns.1

Hella sits u 0ui"$ly. 1That e4lains /hy they ne%er "ame int& their &/nI N&/ 5 "an see /hy their !eelin+al/ays remained sharly tuned t& i"$in+ u the !irst si+ns &! any &ssi'le re*e"ti&n that /&uld indi"ate/hat t& thin$ and h&/ t& a"t.1

&he Su*re$e (th+ca" Standard

1O! "&urse, &ur resent /ay &! li!e is n&t /ith&ut r&&ts in the ast,1 S"&tt says. 15n an"ient ree"e,S&"rates ad%&"ated &ur sureme ethi"al standard; /'nothi seauton(/ $n&/ thysel!.1 S"&tt auses l&n+en&u+h t& sit u. 1And Sha$eseare said, MThis a'&%e all, t& thine &/n sel! 'e true, and it must !&ll&/, asthe ni+ht the day, th&u "anst n&t then 'e !alse t& any man.M 1

15n site &! the tea"hin+s &! many &! the +reat thin$ers, m&st &! &ur an"est&rs really didnMt understand/hat it means t& $n&/ y&ursel! &r 'e true t& y&ursel!,1 says Hella. 1These /ere h&ll&/ /&rds, n&t a /ayli!e. They /ere "ertainly n&t ethi"al +uides 'y /hi"h e&le "&uld run their li%es.1

1<hen y&u e%&l%e y&ur &/n standards &! +r&/th, y&u "an !eel +reater /&rth and di+nity e%ery day,1 S"&

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"&ntinues intently. 1S&metimes simly listenin+ t& a m&%in+ ie"e &! musi" /ill enlar+e y&ur estheti"e4erien"e and ma$e y&u !eel y&uM%e +r&/n. Readin+ /ill add t& y&ur st&re &! $n&/led+e t& +i%e this!eelin+ &! in"reased 'ein+. Simly sensin+ y&ur &/n !eelin+s and de%el&in+ a deeer insi+ht int& the&/ers &! y&ur 'rain "an add t& the !eelin+ &! /&rth. <hen y&u ma$e ers&nal +r&/th a /ay &! li!e, a!eelin+ &! indi%idual !ul!illment "&mes aut&mati"ally.1

1Sin"e &ur !eelin+ &! /&rth is /ithin &ur &/n "&ntr&l,1 says Hella, 1/e ha%e a se"urity &ur an"est&rsla"$ed. <e "an +i%e t& &ther e&le in /ays that they "&uld seld&m +i%e. Our an"est&rs "&uld usually 'e+ener&us t&/ard their immediate !amilies.

(ut they didnMt ha%e the res&ur"es t& 'e +ener&us t&/ard a lar+er +r&u. They had t& "&mete t&&str&n+ly /ith &ther e&le. 5ndi%iduals in a lar+er +r&u /&uld hurt them and /&uld ta$e ad%anta+e &!them. They had t& /restle m&ney !r&m them, they had t& !i+ht them !&r &siti&n, &/er, and resti+e.1

1Y&uMre limited in addin+ t& the hainess &! &thers,1 S"&tt "&n"ludes, 1unless y&ur &/n li!e is !ul!illin+.1

Loe W+thout Jea"ousy

15n re%i&us times there /as ne%er en&u+h &! anythin+G m&ney, se"urity, &r l&%e,1 Hella says. 1De&lede%el&ed !eelin+s &! &ssessi%eness. The murder 5 re"ently sa/ re%&l%ed ar&und the desire &! a man t&ssess a /&man. He seemed t& !eel he &/ned herGthat he "&uld tell her h&/ t& li%e her li!e.1

1H&/ 'ar'ar&us,1 says S"&tt. 15 "anMt ima+ine any&ne tryin+ t& h&ld l&%e 'y !&r"e &r threats. Y&u h&ld l&%/ith an &en alm, n&t a "l&sed !ist.1

1Yes, 'ut they "&uldnMt !eel that /ay,1 Hella relies. 1Their *eal&usies /ere 'r&u+ht &n 'y !eelin+s &!in!eri&rity and inse"urity. A man /as a!raid that i! the /&man he l&%ed /as /ith an&ther man, she /&uld!ind this &ther man m&re attra"ti%e and n&t "&me 'a"$ t& him.1

1<hen y&uMre /ith s&me&ne else, 5Mm +lad.1 S"&ttMs t&ne is /arm. 15 $n&/ y&uM%e !&und a relati&nshi thaadds t& y&ur li!e. <hen y&uMre /ith me, 5 ha%e the satis!yin+ !eelin+ that /eMre t&+ether simly 'e"ause //ant t& 'e /ith ea"h &ther. 5n the ast i! a man and /&man l&%ed ea"h &ther and /anted an intimate ty&! "&mani&nshi, s&"iety e4e"ted them t& 'ind themsel%es /ith a le+al arran+ement "alled marria+e.O! "&urse, this /as d&ne t& r&%ide !&r "hildren durin+ their +r&/th years. (ut "an y&u ima+ine !etterin+l&%e and "&mani&nshi /ith le+al ri+hts and &'li+ati&nsL1

1S&unds a/!ul. 5! y&u en*&y 'ein+ /ith me, itMs /&nder!ul.1 HellaMs hand t&u"hes S"&tt +ently. 15! &ur ath+r&/ aart, /eM%e !&und m&re satis!yin+ relati&nshis else/here. Either /ay, /eMre ahead.1

1Our &en /ays &! !eelin+ a'&ut ea"h &ther and &ur ethi"al standard &! 'ein+ true t& &ursel%es areerhas the +reatest s&"ial in%enti&ns &! man$ind,1 S"&tt hil&s&hi2es. 1They "&uld 'e reali2ed &nly t& limited e4tent in re%i&us s&"ieties. Only t&dayMs "y'ernated /&rld "an ermit their !ull !l&/erin+. <are"hildren +r&/ int& /ared adults. De&le /h& la'&r under an in!eri&rity "&mle4 "anMt !ully enter int& thisne/ /ay &! !eelin+ and a"tin+.1

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15n the ast,1 says Hella, 1"hildren sent their !irst !i%e years &! li!e under "&nditi&ns that +a%e them aermanent in!eri&rity "&mle4. N& matter h&/ /&rthy they later 'e"ame, n& matter h&/ learned, n&matter h&/ mu"h &/er &r s$ill they a"0uired, they al/ays !elt in!eri&r t& s&me e4tent.1

1Th&se /h& stru++led hardest !&r &/er, su"h as the Na&le&ns &r Hitlers, /ere usually sh&rt men /h&had 'een hea%ily stru"tured 'y the auth&rity &! their arents in their early years,1 adds S"&tt. 15n anattemt t& !i+ht &!! their in!eri&rity "&mle4, they de%el&ed /hat &ut/ardly l&&$ed li$e a sueri&rity"&mle4. (ut inside there al/ays remained a s"ared little '&y, inse"ure, trem'lin+, and a!raid s&me&ne/&uld !ind &ut /hat he really !elt. As l&n+ as e&le had an in!eri&rity "&mle4, it /as im&ssi'le !&r thet& +et a !ully se"ure !eelin+ &! /&rth 'ased &n their &/n inner de%el&ment.1

&he Obscene %ast

1The &nly thin+ that made me lau+h /hile 5 /as &'ser%in+ the resurre"ted t/entieth"entury e&le /astheir /ared standards &! &'s"enity,1 says Hella /ith a remem'erin+ smile. 1One &! the men had adra/in+ &! a man and /&man en+a+ed in inter"&urse. E%ery /&man that sa/ it a"ted sh&"$ed, and thisseemed t& +i%e the man a er%erse deli+ht. 5 understand 'a"$ in i"t&rian times a nude !i+ure &! a /&m/as "&nsidered &'s"ene. 3ater, m&res in <estern s&"iety /ere re%ised s& that &nly reresentati&ns &!the a"t &! l&%e /ere "lassi!ied as le/d.1

15di&ti",1 S"&tt e4l&des. 1H&/ "&uld a i"ture &! &ne &! the m&st 'eauti!ul e4erien"es in li!e e%er 'e"&nsidered &'s"eneI A dra/in+ mi+ht 'e "rude, yes. 5t mi+ht 'e untalented . . .1

Hella interruts. 1<e ha%e a di!!erent /ay &! alyin+ the la'el M&'s"ene.M 5 ha%e *ust /itnessed the m&st

&'s"ene thin+ Ga man hittin+ a /&man in the !a"e, a man turnin+ &n an&ther ers&n t& $ill him, a s&"ia+r&u "h&$in+ him t& death /ith a r&e.1 She shudders.

1Anythin+ that de+rades, de'ases, &r dehumani2es a human 'ein+ is "&nsidered &'s"ene t&day,1+enerali2es S"&tt. 1Our an"est&rs in the t/entieth "entury had a tremend&us am&unt &! &'s"enity. Theylastered it all &%er their ma+a2ines, tele%isi&n s"reens, ne/saers, and '&&$s. )urders, ra"ere*udi"es, /ars, et".1

1(u"hen/ald, Aus"h/it2, #a"hauG&%ens that de%&ured li%e, s"reamin+ human 'ein+s. r&tes0ue iles&! human "&rsesG these are &'s"ene thin+s that /ere sh&/n t& men, /&men, and "hildren in M"i%ili2ed"&untries in the latter art &! the t/entieth "entury.1

1Derhas &ne &! the m&st &'s"ene thin+s &! all /as a man in an ele"tri" "hair t/it"hin+ and /rithin+ asthe sh&"$ &! ele"tri"ity 'urned thr&u+h his '&dy,1 S"&tt +rima"es. 15 thin$ the m&st &'s"ene /&rd used int/entieth"entury Ameri"a /as the /&rd Mni++er.M (ut !e/ e&le seemed t& reali2e it. They !elt that theirm&st &'s"ene /&rds /ere !&urletter sym'&ls !&r se4ual and eliminat&ry a"ts. They /all&/ed in the /&rs&rt &! "&rr&din+ !ilth /ith&ut $n&/in+ it. They made attemts t& "leanse themsel%es &! !&urletter /&rdsthat had little t& d& /ith the human sirit.1

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Se*arate Wor"ds o/ en and Wo$en

1#id the /&men really de"&rate themsel%es the /ay they aear in the &ld !ilmsL1 S"&tt as$s, as he

"&mi"ally ushes his hair t& &ne side.

1Y&u /&uldnMt 'elie%e h&/ many h&urs they sent uttin+ their hair in /eird shaes. They ainted their!in+ernails red. They ainted their eyelids urle. They used "hemi"als t& ma$e their "hee$s a li+ht redand their lis a dar$er red. <hatMs m&re, they seemed t& !eel 'etter /hen their heels /ere three in"hes the +r&und and their t&es sharly &inted in a /ay that '&re n& resem'lan"e t& the shae &! their !eet.(&th the men and /&men seemed &'sessed /ith y&uth. They aarently !elt they had 'een +&in+d&/nhill sin"e the a+e &! t/enty. They did e%erythin+ they "&uld t& ut u a h&eless !i+ht a+ainst a+in+

15Md hate t& li%e /ith su"h sham, su"h arti!i"iality,1 says S"&tt. 1)en and /&men seemed t& 'uild searat/&rlds !&r themsel%es. 5 'elie%e they e%en used searate 'athr&&ms.1

1They did,1 Hella a+rees. 13ittle '&ys and little +irls /ere trained in /ays that /ere %ery di!!erent. A little+irl /as en"&ura+ed t& 'e a My&un+ lady.M Her t&ys /ere &!ten d&lls and d&ll h&uses, !urniture, and "&&$iimlements. A '&y /as "&nsidered a sissy i! he sh&/ed mu"h interest in these thin+s. He /as +i%en +unand "&/'&y &ut!its. A little +irl /as "&nsidered a t&m'&y i! she ran t&& !ast &r yelled t&& l&ud. 5n ath&usand su'tle and n&t s& su'tle /ays, a /&man /as m&lded int& atterns $n&/n as M!eminine,M and ay&un+ '&y /as en"&ura+ed t& 'e /hat they "alled Mmas"uline.M Sin"e y&un+ '&ys and +irls are neithermas"uline n&r !eminine, 'ut are *ust human, this "reated stress &n many indi%iduals. Their "ultural traini$et men and /&men !r&m sharin+ the deeer /&rlds &! !eelin+.

1Their se4ual d&Ms and d&nMts /ere in"redi'ly "&mle4. S"&tt, they had rules a'&ut e%erythin+. O!ten, n&

%ariety /as "ulturally ermitted: y&u had y&ur "h&i"e &! &ne i! y&u /ere married &r n&ne i! y&u /erenMt.S&me "ultures e%en had la/s +&%ernin+ the se4ual &siti&ns e&le "&uld use. )any s&"ieties !r&/ned&n /&men /h& e4ressed their se4ual desires: it /asnMt Mladyli$e.M And intimate relati&nshis /ith th&se the same se4 /ere &!ten ta'&&.1

1De&le in the t/entieth"entury <estern "ulture had deely in"ul"ated +uilt !eelin+s /hi"h $et them!r&m a"hie%in+ an intense and e"stati" er!e"ti&n in se4ual leasures,1 S"&tt &ints &ut. 1O!ten a se4ual"lima4 /as lar+ely a shall&/ hysi"al e4erien"e.1

15n a /ay, /e "are !&r se4 '&th m&re and less than the tha/ees 5 &'ser%ed.1 relies Hella. 15t is a m&rer&!&und e4erien"e !&r us. And yet i! /e d& n&t ha%e it, /e are s& en+r&ssed in &ther dimensi&ns &! li!e

that /e d&nMt miss it. 5t is, arad&4i"ally, m&re $eenly en*&yed and less $eenly missed. 5 !ind that myse4ual !eelin+s usually 'e"&me m&re satis!yin+ as 5 +et t& $n&/ a ers&n 'etter. And yet 5 en*&y the%ariety &! &""asi&nally 'ein+ /ith &ther men,1

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Co$$un+cat+on o/ Fee"+n#s

1One &! the +reat di!!eren"es 'et/een &ur /ay &! li!e and theirs,1 Hella "&ntinues, 1seems t& He in thede+ree t& /hi"h /e "&mmuni"ate &ur !eelin+s. <e tal$ a'&ut e%erythin+. The tha/ees seemed ashame

&! their !eelin+s. They &!ten reressed them and /erenMt e%en a'le t& !a"e their &/n !eelin+s, mu"h lessthe !eelin+s &! &ther e&le. They hid 'ehind &lite mas$s.1

1#idnMt )ar$ T/ain say, MOnly the truth is +&&d mannersML1 inter*e"ts S"&tt.

1E%en hus'ands and /i%es /&uld +& thr&u+h their li%es miles aart in their inner !eelin+s,1 says Hella.1Sin"e they /ere ashamed &! s& many &! their !eelin+s, they !elt it /&uld hurt their ima+e t& let s&me&neelse $n&/ h&/ etty their !eelin+s /ere. And yet the &ther ers&n /as t&rtured 'y m&ti%es that /eree0ually etty. This stuid mutual shame seemed t& $ee them !r&m tal$in+ t& ea"h &ther and rea"hin+ &t& t&u"h ea"h &ther.1

15 "anMt understand h&/ this "&uld ha%e haened,1 says S"&tt. 15 d&nMt 'elie%e 5M%e e%er had a !eelin+ th5 /as ashamed &!. 5M%e had !eelin+s that 5 didnMt "&nsider desira'le, 'ut they /ent a/ay as s&&n as 5e4ressed them t& s&me&ne. (e"ause &ther e&le ha%e al/ays ematheti"ally re"ei%ed all &! the!eelin+s 5M%e e%er e4ressed and /ere n&t threatened 'y them 5 d&nMt 'elie%e 5M%e e%er a""umulated anymental 'a++a+e. 5 li%e !ully here and n&/. The dead ast and the un'&rn !uture d&nMt "&ntr&l me.1

15 remem'er readin+ a'&ut a t/entieth"entury man s& an+ry at his /i!e that !&r ei+hteen years he ne%es&$e t& her,1 Hella says. 1They li%ed t&+ether and ate at the same ta'le, 'ut he ne%er tal$ed t& her.Finally, they /ent t& a sy"hiatrist, /h& ur+ed the man t& "&mmuni"ate. The !irst thin+ the hus'and said/as, M5 d&nMt /ant t& tal$ a'&ut itM1

1This /as e4treme,1 S"&tt relies. 1Fe/ e&le, h&/e%er, /ere a'le t& e4ress their !eelin+s !ully t& any&ther human 'ein+. S&metimes a !e/ mana+ed t& d& this /ith "&unsel&rs. (ut rarely /ere they a'le t& dthis /ith th&se that /ere nearest and dearest t& them and /ith /h&m they m&st needed t& "&mmuni"atetheir !eelin+s. 5nstead, they /&re mas$s and assumed ers&nalities they didnMt ha%e. They used /&rds thide their real sel%es, '&th !r&m themsel%es and &thers.1

15n the &ld "&metiti%e /&rld,1 Hella &ints &ut, 1it /as t&& ris$y t& e4&se &neMs inner th&u+hts. They /ea!raid that &ther e&le /&uld *ud+e them, /&uld 'e &%erly hel!ul, /&uld +i%e them ad%i"e that /as n&t/anted, /&uld start dia+n&sin+ them and tearin+ them aart and tellin+ them /hat t& d&, &r /&uld sa%eu this in!&rmati&n and use it a+ainst them later. 5t /as rare t& !ind any&ne /h& "&uld listen /ith hisheart.1

1Thin$ &! all the unhainess that "&uld ha%e 'een re%ented i! they had reali2ed that !eelin+s "an 'emana+ed *ust as aut&m&'iles and sa"e shis "an 'e "&ntr&lled,1 says S"&tt. 1They didnMt reali2e thatun/anted !eelin+s are sent &n their /ay /hen y&u tal$ a'&ut them. 5snMt it mar%el&us h&/ unleasant!eelin+s are eliminated /hen y&u !ully e4ress them, and leasant !eelin+s are in"reased /hen theyMree4ressedI1

13&&$,1 e4"laims Hella, 1/e "an *ust 'e+in t& see the Ameri"asI1

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As S"&tt l&&$s t&/ard the 'ri+ht earth susended a'&%e their h&ri2&n, he is a/are &! a +entle re!le"tedli+ht that &utlines their !i+ures. The 'r&ad Atlanti" O"ean is stiled 'y li+ht at"hes, these must 'e lar+areas "&%ered 'y "l&uds. C&uld that tiny /hite d&t a'&%e the earth 'e the sa"e resear"h satelliteL 5tMshard t& tell. (ut the 'a"$li+htin+ &n HellaMs 'reast that st&s *ust a'&%e the nile is 'eauti!ul.

&he Ne! Character

15 'elie%e 5M%e de%el&ed a mu"h deeer are"iati&n &! &ur "ulture,1 says Hella. 1Our satis!a"ti&n andhainess lie /ithin &ur &/n "&ntr&l. <e may ne%er ar&a"h &ur ideals &! sel!$n&/led+e and sel!de%el&ment, 'ut /e "an ma$e "&ntinual and satis!yin+, day'yday, minute'yminute r&+ress. This is/hat /e need t& ha%e a meanin+!ul li!e. <e li%e 'r&ad, /ide li%es /ith an en&rm&us ran+e &! interests.Our /&rld is s& lar+e.1

1<eMre "l&ser, '&th t& &ursel%es and t& &thers,1 says S"&tt, 1S&meh&/ /ith&ut +i%in+ u &ur &/nindi%iduality, /e seem t& de%el& at the same time a deeer and m&re r&!&und relati&nshi /ith &thersThe m&re /e !ind &ursel%es, the m&re /e trans"end the '&undaries &! &ur &/n e+&s. <e +i%e m&re &!&ursel%es in &ur em&ti&nal relati&nshis /ith &ther e&le, and, yet, /e als& retain a deeer a'ility t& li%'y &ur &/n standards and t& remain the masters &! &ursel%es.1

15n re%i&us "enturies t&+etherness meant a +i%in+ u &! indi%iduality rather than a stren+thenin+ &! it.1

1Yes, 5 $n&/ /hat y&u mean, Hella. <e enhan"e &ur t&+etherness and rein!&r"e &ur indi%iduality at thesame time. 5t s&unds "&ntradi"t&ry, 'ut it isnMt.1

15 thin$ itMs &ur a'ility t& "&mmuni"ate /ith ea"h &ther that ena'les us t& 'e intelle"tually and em&ti&nally

na$edGt& ha%e n& retenses,1 Hella re!le"ts.15 +uess thatMs &ne reas&n /e en*&y 'ein+ hysi"ally na$edt&&. <e !eel "&mletely l&%ed and "&mletely se"ure. <e ha%e n& need t& hide, either !r&m &ursel%es &&thers.1

Hella auses and dr&s her head 'a"$ t& rest &n S"&ttMs arm.

1And &ur l&%e is n&t m&ti%ated 'y need. <e d& n&t l&%e *ust t& ma$e u !&r a de!i"ien"y in &ursel%es.<hen /e &!!er l&%e, it is as a +i!tGa $ind &! s&ntane&us rea"hin+ &ut.1

S"&tt !eels that HellaMs m&&d is "han+in+. There are l&n+er auses. She is /at"hin+ the earth, thesatellites, and the stars. She has &'%i&usly shared /ith him the %i'rant th&u+hts that ha%e !illed her as a

result &! her e4erien"es in the ast /ee$s.

He !eels her hand &n his "hest. He turns his head t&/ard her. She is l&&$in+ strai+ht int& his eyes. He ha""etin+ !eelin+s &! l&%e. The uni%erse is "&ld and &'*e"ti%e, 'ut the 'its &! sa"e and time that "&ntainhuman 'ein+s are !illed /ith /armth, se"urity, and a!!e"ti&n.

1S& thereMs li!e in &ther arts &! the uni%erse. <ell, +&&dI1 says S"&tt. 1H&/ "&uld it 'e 'etter than li!e ri+hereI1

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DART 555. 3&&$in+ F&r/ard

?. Edu"ati&n !&r Chan+e

<e d&nMt %ie/ &ur r&*e"ti&n &! the t/enty!irst "entury as a !inal 'luerint, and y&u sh&uldnMt either. 5t /ser%e its ur&se i! it +ets intelli+ent e&le thin$in+ a'&ut these r&'lems. <e h&e y&u "an imr&%e &r&*e"ti&n &! !uture +&als and the /ays 'y /hi"h they may 'e a"hie%ed.

1<e are n&/ at the &int,1 said anthr&&l&+ist )ar+aret )ead, 1/here /e must edu"ate e&le in /hatn&'&dy $ne/ yesterday and reare in &ur s"h&&ls !&r /hat n& &ne $n&/s yet, 'ut /hat s&me e&lemust $n&/ t&m&rr&/.1 Derhas ne%er in the hist&ry &! man$ind has it 'een s& im&rtant that /e $n&//here /eMre +&in+ and h&/ t& +et there. Humanity is n& l&n+er runnin+ a t/&'it sh&/. There are &%er

,888,888,888 e&le in the /&rld t&day. <e /ill s&&n 'e a'le t& start a nu"lear /ar that "&uld /ie &utall human li!e. E%en i+n&rin+ the nu"lear threat, it /ill ta$e +l&'al &r+ani2ati&n &! a hi+h &rder t& r&%ide +&&d li!e !&r all humans. Freed&m !r&m /ar and /ant is at last /ithin &ur +ras. (ut it /&nMt haenaut&mati"ally. <e must use &ur heads and &ur hearts.

S"ienti!i", &liti"al, industrial, e"&n&mi", and s&"i&l&+i"al "han+es are &""urrin+ at a a"e m&re raidt&day than e%er 'e!&re in hist&ry. S&me e&le ha%e /ished that thin+s /&uld sl&/ d&/n s& /e "&uldha%e m&re time t& ad*ust t& "han+e. This, &! "&urse, /&nMt haen. )any are &&sin+ "han+es simly'e"ause they are "han+es. They are n&stal+i"ally and !ranti"ally h&ldin+ &n t& the 1/isd&m1 &! the ast.(ut in times &! raid "han+e, the 1/isd&m1 &! the ast is usually &! little hel in meetin+ the r&'lems &!the resent.

<. H. Ferry &! the Center !&r the Study &! #em&"rati" 5nstituti&ns has ad%ised us that /e sh&uld hardly 'surrised 'y the "han+es that lie ahead;

Aristotle foresaw a takeover by machines )*** years ago. The possibility of a workless or nearly worklesociety emerging from technology is part of our literature. H. '. %ells told his readers about it * yearsago. @orty years ago( . H. Douglas wrote3 /%e can produce at this moment goods and services at a ravery considerably greater than the possible rate of consumption( and this production and delivery ofgoods can( under favorable circumstances( be achieved by the employment of not more than ) per cenof the available labor working( let us say( seven hours a day./ ?laf tapledon and tuart hase( in verydifferent ways( told us the same story ;* years ago. Oac<ues :llul in The Technological ociety( "ust

published( says( /$y the end of the 56th entury people saw in their grasp the moment in whicheverything would be at the disposal of everyone( in which man( replaced by the machines would haveonly pleasures and play./ &n a neglected report of December 56+;( the Besearch &nstitute of Americaanticipated the ommittee when it remarked3

/The moment of truth on automation is comingEa lot sooner than most people realiGe. .Theshattering fact is that the =.. is still almost totally unprepared for the approaching crisis./0

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0 %. H. @erry( C@urther Beflections on the Triple Bevolution(C @ellowship( Oanuary( 56+.

5t seems in"redi'le that any intelli+ent man "an %ie/ /ith "&mla"en"y the sl&/ness /ith /hi"h /e are"han+in+ t& meet the "hallen+e &! the /&rld that lies ahead &! us. #andrid+e ). C&le has &inted &ut th

C&t has already been noted that technical knowledge is doubling every seven years 1the doublingtime is decreasing7( and that ninety percent of all the scientists who ever lived are alive right now%ithout assuming any reduction in doubling time it can be estimated that our total of technical

knowledge in fifty years will e>ceed the present level by a factor of ) , or )+.C0

0Dandridge #. ole( $eyond Tomorrow 1Amherst( %isconsin3 Amherst !ress( 56+7( pp. 8,-6*.

15n the ast m&st indi%iduals /ere a'le t& +& thr&u+h li!e /ith the set &! attitudes and 'elie!s ar&riate

the a+e in /hi"h they /ere 'r&u+ht u,1 /r&te R&'ert The&'ald;

The rate of change in science( in technology( in the beliefs and ideals of man was sufficiently slowensure that they remained relatively appropriate. :ven then the older generation e>pressed itsdissatisfaction in the phrase3 /& don/t know what the world is coming to./ 2owadays it is recogniGedthat the attitudes appropriate to the beginning of the twenty-first century will be totally different fromthose now accepted( but little attempt is made to look ahead. &ndeed( much education is based onthe ideas of past scholars9 as a result theories are taught to generations of students long after theyhave been recogniGed by the leaders in the field of study to be incorrect.00

00Bobert Theobald( The Bich and the !oor 12ew York3 larkson 2. !otter( &nc.( 56+*7( pp. 5;6-5*

E%ery $inder+arten, elementary s"h&&l, hi+h s"h&&l, and "&lle+e in the nati&n sh&uld hel studentsanti"iate the "han+es that lie in their !uture. 5t sh&uld "hallen+e them t& see$ ne/ /ays &! thin$in+ and!eelin+G&! re&r+ani2in+ their s&"iety t& ma$e the m&st &! manMs &tential !&r hainess in the ne/ a+e.5nstead, m&st &! &ur u'li" and ri%ate s"h&&ls reare the students t& li%e /ith the %alues and !&l$/ays&! &ur an"est&rs.

Ready or Not

Ready &r n&t, /e are raidly laun"hin+ int& a eri&d &! tremend&us "han+e. This is &'%i&us &n ate"hn&l&+i"al le%el /ith satellites &r'itin+ the earth, "&l&r tele%isi&n in &ur h&mes, and the +&%ernment"&muters "he"$in+ u &n &ur in"&me ta4. (ut /e are *ust n&/ 'e+innin+ an era in /hi"h s&"ial "han+emust $ee a"e /ith te"hn&l&+i"al "han+e. The s&"ial atterns /hi"h /e ha%e inherited !r&m an"ient)es&&tamia /ill n&t +i%e us hainess in the /&rld &! the !uture. The turm&il, inse"urity, unhainess,and "&n!li"t that are e4erien"ed t&day /ill in"rease un'eara'ly i! /e are sl&/ in in%entin+ ne/ /ays &!li%in+, thin$in+, and !eelin+. Humanity is n&/ enterin+ int& its ad&les"ent hase. 5! /eMre +&in+ t& "&methr&u+h &ur teen years /ith&ut t&& many s"ars, the human ra"e had 'etter learn h&/ t& mature.

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Derhas the +reatest threat that !a"es us at this m&ment is the !ra+mentati&n &! humanity int& &%er 88e+&"entri" nati&nal '&undary lines. These aran&id nati&nalities "laim the s&%erei+n ri+ht t& use /ea&nthat "an $ill milli&ns &! e&le in &ther "&untries. 5! /e "&ntinue imr&%in+ &ur at&mi" /ea&ns !&r an&tht/enty years, it is &ssi'le that a !lareu &! a di"tat&rMs temer "&uld 'rin+ &n a "hain &! e%ents that

/&uld /ie &ut e%ery human 'ein+.

N& &ne "an redi"t the !uture /ith "ertainty. One thin+, h&/e%er, seems hi+hly r&'a'le. Thin+s arem&%in+ s& !ast that in a hundred years &ur s&"iety /ill 'ear little resem'lan"e t& the e"&n&mi", s&"ial, a&liti"al atterns &! t&day. <e su++est that /hate%er the !uture 'rin+s, it /ill reresent a attern sun &u'y the 13i!e, 3i'erty, and the Dursuit &! Hainess1 %alue stru"ture, the s"ienti!i" meth&d as a thin$in+te"hni0ue, and the "&rnu"&ia !l&/in+ !r&m aut&mated and "&muteri2ed t&&ls.

The !uture h&lds +reat stress and threat t& indi%iduals /h& d& n&t ha%e !le4i'le ner%&us systems. 5t als&&!!ers a limitless "hallen+e t& th&se /h& "an use their intelli+en"e !&r its rimary e%&luti&nary !un"ti&n; t&adat t& "han+in+ "&nditi&ns. reater /isd&m, !antasti" a""&mlishments, and en&rm&usly in"reased

hainess may 'e &urs in the humanisti", s"ienti!i", "y'ernated /&rld &! t&m&rr&/.

:our %art+c+*at+on Is Needed

15n /&rld leaders and indi%idual "iti2ens ali$e,1 ad%ises #r. R&'ert ). Hut"hins,

Cold habits and customs stand in the way of adaptation to a new world. %e are only beginning to studythese habits and customs( to seek new ways of using our intelligence in order to preserve the species. &

this effort the best thinking of every man and woman is needed.C0

0hange( 1anta $arbara( alifornia3 enter for the tudy of Democratic &nstitutions( @ebruary(56+7( Mol. 5( 2o. 5( p. 5.

#r. e&r+e allu in The #iracle Ahead &ints &ut that /e "an n&t rely &n &ur e"&n&mi" and &liti"alleaders t& hel us res&nd dynami"ally t& the "hallen+e &! the !uture. #r. allu su++ests;

. . . change can not be brought about easily by its leaders( e>cept in those situations in which the

changes advocated do not disturb present relationships. &n fact( it is the leaders who typicallybecome the most bitter and the most effective foes of change. The public( therefore( must take theinitiative and assume responsibility for progress in the affairs of man. The public must force changupon its leaders.00

00 'eorge 'allup( The #iracle Ahead 12ew York( :vanston( and London3 Harper J Bow( 56+7( p.)*5.

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5n the hist&ry &! man, n& +enerati&n has 'een edu"ated t& e4e"t s&"ial "han+e and "reati%ely adat t& 5n a %ery real sense /e 'a"$ int& the !uture h&in+ /e d&nMt +et &ur 'ehinds "he/ed &!!. <e ea+erly seene/ medi"ines !&r &ur hysi"al ailments e%en 'e!&re these ha%e 'een th&r&u+hly tested. (ut /hen it"&mes t& &liti"al, s&"ial, and e"&n&mi" "han+es u&n /hi"h s& mu"h &! &ur hainess deends, &ur

+uidin+ hil&s&hy seems t& 'e, 1#&nMt r&"$ the '&at.1 <ell, the '&at is r&"$in+, and itMs +&in+ t& remainr&"$in+ !&r a l&n+ time. The &nly /ay t& st& the '&at !r&m r&"$in+ is t& use the s"ienti!i" meth&d &!thin$in+ t& +uide us t& s&"ial in%enti&ns that really /&r$.

N& &ne t&day has all the ans/ersG&r e%en the 0uesti&ns. (ut 'y means &! "are!ul e4erimentati&n andmeasurement &! results, /e "an e%entually determine /hat &liti"al, e"&n&mi", and s&"ial "han+es /ill+i%e humanity !reed&m !r&m /ar and /ant and /ill ena'le all e&le t& li%e a m&re satis!yin+ li!e.

F&r the !irst time in the hist&ry &! man /e "an redesi+n '&th &ursel%es and &ur entire en%ir&nmentI (ymaniulatin+ &ur +enes, /e /ill 'e a'le t& "han+e the stru"ture and !un"ti&n &! &ur '&dily &r+ans in

alm&st any /ay that /e desire. <ith a "y'ernated te"hn&l&+y 'ased &n nu"lear &/er, /e "an redesi+n&ur li%in+ areas, &ur "ities, and &ur lanet. And e%en the s$y is n&t the limit. E%entually, the mind &! a mami+ht r&!&undly "han+e the lanets &! &ur s&lar system. Our +ala4y and &ssi'ly the ne'ulae 'ey&ndmay !eel &ur t&u"h. Our &nly limitati&ns are &ur intelli+en"e and &ur "reati%e ima+inati&n. #an may nowcontrol his destiny

E%ery intelli+ent "iti2en &n this +l&'e sh&uld 'e &nderin+ these un"harted seas &n /hi"h the shi &!humanity is n&/ lun+in+ ahead at !ull seed. 3i$e C&lum'us, /h& set &ut &n a darin+ %&ya+e a'&ut ahal!millennium a+&, /e ha%e &nly a !e/ s"ras &! in!&rmati&n lus &ur s"ienti!i" and humanisti"intelli+en"e t& +uide us. <e must use these t& the 'est &! &ur a'ility t& a%&id the hell &! at&mi" /ar. <emust s&meh&/ land &ursel%es &n a ne/ sh&re /here men and /&men may !ind themsel%es, /here

'li+hted ers&nality de%el&ment /ill 'e"&me the e4"eti&n rather than the n&rm, /here manMsinhumanity t& man /ill 'e un$n&/n, and /here /ars and /ant /ill 'e 'ut a distant mem&ry. Only then /the sirit &! man s&ar t& its !ull, /&nder!ul &tential.

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Looking Forward by Jacque Fresco