Looking Out/Looking In Eleventh Edition

Chapter Six:Chapter Six:

Nonverbal Communication:Nonverbal Communication: Messages Beyond WordsMessages Beyond Words

Looking Out/Looking InLooking Out/Looking InEleventh EditionEleventh Edition

Ronald B. Adler, Russell F. Proctor II, and Neil TowneRonald B. Adler, Russell F. Proctor II, and Neil Towne

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 2

Chapter 6 - Nonverbal Communication: Messages Beyond WordsChapter 6 - Nonverbal Communication: Messages Beyond Words

Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal CommunicationMessages Beyond WordsMessages Beyond Words



Types of Communication Types of Communication CommunicationCommunication












Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal CommunicationImportanceImportance

• Nonverbal Coding and Decoding Predictors of Nonverbal Coding and Decoding Predictors of

Popularity, Attractiveness, Well-BeingPopularity, Attractiveness, Well-Being

• Nonverbal Sensitivity Part of “Emotional Nonverbal Sensitivity Part of “Emotional

Intelligence”Intelligence”



Nonverbal Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication CharacteristicsCharacteristics

• Impossible Not To CommunicateImpossible Not To Communicate

• All Behavior has Communicative ValueAll Behavior has Communicative Value

– DeliberateDeliberate

– UnintentionalUnintentional



Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal Communication CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Nonverbal Communication is Culture-BoundNonverbal Communication is Culture-Bound



Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal Communication

CharacteristicsCharacteristics Male and Female Nonverbal Communication Male and Female Nonverbal Communication

Differs in Some WaysDiffers in Some Ways

• AppearanceAppearance

• BehaviorBehavior



Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal Communication

CharacteristicsCharacteristicsNonverbal Communication is Primarily RelationalNonverbal Communication is Primarily Relational

• Identity ManagementIdentity Management

• Definition of Relationships We Want with OthersDefinition of Relationships We Want with Others

• Conveyance of EmotionConveyance of Emotion



Nonverbal CommuniNonverbal Communicaticationon CharacteristicsCharacteristics




• Repeating Repeating

• Substituting Substituting

• AccentingAccenting

• RegulatingRegulating

Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Serves Many FunctionsServes Many Functions

• ComplementingComplementing

• ContradictingContradicting

• DeceivingDeceiving



Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal Communication Characteristics - DeceptionCharacteristics - Deception



Question:Question:

According to research, which of the According to research, which of the following tend to occur more often when following tend to occur more often when someone is being deceitful?someone is being deceitful?

a. speech errorsa. speech errors

b. lower voice frequencyb. lower voice frequency

c. consistent behaviorsc. consistent behaviors

d. all of the aboved. all of the above




• Nonverbal Communication is AmbiguousNonverbal Communication is Ambiguous

• NVLD SyndromeNVLD Syndrome



Differences Between Verbal Differences Between Verbal and Nonverbaland Nonverbal

• Single vs. Multiple ChannelsSingle vs. Multiple Channels

• Intermittent vs. ContinuousIntermittent vs. Continuous

• Clear vs. AmbiguousClear vs. Ambiguous

• Verbal vs. Nonverbal ImpactVerbal vs. Nonverbal Impact

• Deliberate vs. UnconsciousDeliberate vs. Unconscious

• Single vs. Multiple ChannelsSingle vs. Multiple Channels

• Intermittent vs. ContinuousIntermittent vs. Continuous

• Clear vs. AmbiguousClear vs. Ambiguous

• Verbal vs. Nonverbal ImpactVerbal vs. Nonverbal Impact

• Deliberate vs. UnconsciousDeliberate vs. Unconscious



Influences on NonverbalInfluences on Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication

• GenderGender

• CultureCulture



Types of Nonverbal Types of Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication

• Body OrientationBody Orientation



Types of Nonverbal Types of Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication• PosturePosture

– Forward or Forward or Backward LeanBackward Lean

– Tension and Tension and RelaxationRelaxation



Types of Nonverbal Types of Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication• GesturesGestures

– IllustratorsIllustrators– EmblemsEmblems– Adaptors Adaptors

(Manipulators)(Manipulators)

Gestures around the Worldhttp://www.isabellemori.homestead.com/questionsgestus.html

Gestures around the Worldhttp://www.isabellemori.homestead.com/questionsgestus.html



Question:Question:

A head nod is an example of:A head nod is an example of:

a. an illustratora. an illustrator

b. an embelmb. an embelm

c. an adaptorc. an adaptor

d. a microexpressiond. a microexpression




• Face and EyesFace and Eyes– ComplexityComplexity– SpeedSpeed– Emotions ReflectedEmotions Reflected– MicroexpressionMicroexpression




Face and Eyes: Kinds of MessagesFace and Eyes: Kinds of Messages

• InvolvementInvolvement

• Positive/Negative AttitudePositive/Negative Attitude

• Dominance/SubmissionDominance/Submission

• Interest (Pupils)Interest (Pupils)



Types of Nonverbal Types of Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication• Voice (Paralanguage) Voice (Paralanguage)

– ToneTone– SpeedSpeed– PitchPitch– Number Number – Length of PausesLength of Pauses– VolumeVolume– DisfluenciesDisfluencies



Types of Nonverbal Types of Nonverbal Communication Communication

• Touch - TypesTouch - Types

– Functional/ProfessionalFunctional/Professional

– Social/PoliteSocial/Polite

– Friendship/WarmthFriendship/Warmth

– Sexual ArousalSexual Arousal

– AggressionAggression



Types of Nonverbal Types of Nonverbal Communication Communication

• TouchTouch– Increases LikingIncreases Liking– Boosts ComplianceBoosts Compliance– Connected to HealthConnected to Health




• Physical Physical AttractivenessAttractiveness




• ClothingClothing




• Distance (Proxemics)Distance (Proxemics)– IntimateIntimate– PersonalPersonal– SocialSocial– PublicPublic




• TerritorialityTerritoriality




• Physical EnvironmentPhysical Environment




• Time Time (Chronemics)(Chronemics)



Question:Question:

This morning as David entered the classroom, This morning as David entered the classroom, he felt frustrated when he saw that Geni had he felt frustrated when he saw that Geni had already taken “his” seat near the window. already taken “his” seat near the window. This example best relates to the concept of:This example best relates to the concept of:

a. personal spacea. personal space

b. violation of intimate distanceb. violation of intimate distance

c. physical environmentc. physical environment

d. territorialityd. territoriality

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Looking Out/Looking In Eleventh Edition