Looking Through The Mirror: Parity Violation in the Future M.J. Ramsey-Musolf + many students, post- docs, collaborators, and colleagues

Looking Through The Mirror: Parity Violation in the Future

M.J. Ramsey-Musolf

+ many students, post-docs, collaborators, and colleagues

Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History

What are the fundamental symmetries that have governed the microphysics of the evolving universe?

• Parity as a (broken) symmetry

• Parity violation as a probe of other symmetries


Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken)

Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?




Parity the Standard Model

Observations of PV in -decay, electron scattering, and atoms taught us about SU(2)Lx U(1)Y symmetry and its breaking




Parity: Standard Model & Beyond

Observations of PV in -decay, electron scattering, atoms, e+e-

annihilation are providing insights about the SU(3)C sector of the SM & the “new” SM



Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?SM “unfinished business”:

What is the internal landscape of the proton?

Sea quarks and gluons




SM “unfinished business”:

How do weak interactions of hadrons reflect the weak qq force ?

Are QCD symmetries (chiral, large NC,…) applicable? Is there a long range weak NN interaction?




Puzzles the Standard Model can’t solve

1. Origin of matter2. Unification & gravity

3. Weak scale stability4. Neutrinos

What are the symmetries (forces) of the early universe beyond those of the SM?


What are the fundamental symmetries that have governed the microphysics of the evolving universe?

• Parity violation as a probe of the proton’sinternal structure (sea quarks, twist)

• Parity violation as probe of the hadronic weak interaction

• Parity violation as a probe of additional symmetries of the early universe

Internal “landscape” of the proton

How does QCD package and distribute quarks and gluons inside the proton?

qq

QP ,P

Constituent quarks (QM) Current quarks (QCD)

FP2(x)

We can uncover the sea with PV

Light QCD quarks:

u mu ~ 5 MeV

d md ~ 10 MeV

s ms ~ 150 MeV

Heavy QCD quarks:

c mc ~ 1500 MeV

b mb ~ 4500 MeV

t mt ~ 175,000 MeV

ms ~ QCD : No clear scale suppression, not necessarily negligible; pure sea

QCD/mq) 4 < 10 -4

(vector channel)

ss g

Probing the sea with PV ep scattering

Neutral Weak Form Factors

GP = Qu Gu + Qd Gd + Qs Gs

Gn = Qu Gd + Qd Gu + Qs Gs , isospin

GPW

= QuW Gu + Qd

W Gd + QsW Gs Z0

SAMPLE (MIT-Bates), HAPPEX (JLab), PVA4 (Mainz), G0 (JLab)

Gu , Gd , Gs

Kaplan and Manohar McKeown

€

APV =GFQ2

4 2παQW + F(Q2,θ)[ ]

Neutral Weak Magnetism & Electricity


€

re −€

e−

€

p€

p

€

Z 0

€

re −€

e−

€

p€

p

€

Preliminary


World Data 4/24/06

GMs = 0.28 +/- 0.20

GEs = -0.006 +/- 0.016

~3% +/- 2.3% of proton magnetic moment

~20% +/- 15% of isoscalar magnetic moment

~0.2 +/- 0.5% of Electric distribution

Courtesy of Kent Pashke (U Mass)

Consistent with s-quark contributions to mP & JP but smaller than early theoretical expectations

Probing Higher Twist with PV

Sacco, R-M preliminary

€

APV Q2

€

y

Looking beyond the parton descriptionPV Deep Ineslastic eD (J Lab 12 GeV)

~0.4%

E=11 GeV =12.50

Different PDF fits

Weak Interactions of Hadrons: Strange?

€

rΣ+ → pγ ,

r Λ → nγ ,K

€

MB → ′ B λ = −i

MB + M ′ B

U σ μν A + Bγ 5( )U F μν

M1 (PC)

€

αB ′ B =2Re A B*

A2

+ B2

€

αB ′ B ~ ms Λχ ~ 0.15

€

αΣ+ p

~ − 0.76 ± 0.08

αΞ 0Σ0 ~ − 0.63± 0.09

Th’y

Exp’t

Breaking of SU(3) sym

E1 (PV)

Are weak interactions of s-quarks a “un-natural” ? Or are their deeper puzzles with the HWI involving all light flavors ?

Weak Interactions of S=0 Hadrons: Strange?

Use parity-violation to filter out EM & strong interactions

€

N

€

N€

π ±, ρ, ω

Meson-exchange model Seven PV meson-nucleon couplings

€

hπ1 , hρ

0,1,2, hω0,1, hρ

1 ′

Desplanques, Donoghue, &Holstein (DDH)

€

λW ,Z ~ 0.002 fm << RCORE

€

q

€

q

€

W ±,Z 0

Is the weak NN force short range ?

T=1 force

T=

0 fo

rce

Long range:π-exchange?

€

0+,0

€

0+,1

€

1+,0

€

0+,1

€

+

€

18F€

18Ne

€

Analog 2-body

matrix elements Model independent

hπ~0

€

N

€

N€

π ±, ρ, ω

€

133CsBoulder, atomic PV

Anapole moment

hπ~ 10 gπ

Is the weak NN force short range ?

€

N

€

N€

π ±, ρ, ω

T=1 force

T=

0 fo

rce

• Problem with expt’s

• Problem with nuc th’y

• Problem with model

• No problem (1)EFT

Hadronic PV: Effective Field Theory

PV Potential

€

π

€

+L

€

+L

€

hπNN1

€

λs1,2,3, λ t , ρ t

€

π

€

π

€

π

€

π€

+

€

hπNN1

Long Range Short Range Medium Range

O(p-1) O(p) O(p)€

kπNN1a

O(p)

Hadronic PV: Few-Body Systems

€

mN λ pp = −1.22 AL (r p p)

mN ρ t = − 9.35 AL (r n p → dγ)

mN λ pn = 1.6 AL (r p p) − 3.7 AL (

r p α ) + 37 Aγ (

r n p → dγ ) − 2 Pγ (

r n p → dγ)

mN λ t = 0.4 AL (r p p) − 0.7 AL (

r p α ) + 7 Aγ (

r n p → dγ ) + Pγ (

r n p → dγ)

mN λ nn = 1.6 AL (r p p) − 0.7 AL (

r p α ) + 33.3 Aγ (

r n p → dγ ) −1.08 Pγ (

r n p → dγ)+ 0.83

dφnα

dz

†

€

λpp = λ s0 + λ s

1 + λ s2 6

λ nn = λ s0 − λ s

1 + λ s2 6

λ pn = λ s0 − 2λ s

2 6

Pionless theory

Done

NIST,SNS

LANSCE, SNS

HARD*

*HIGS

€

AL

r γ d → np( )

Ab initio few-body calcs

Hadronic PV: Few-Body Systems

Attempt to understand the λi, hπ etc. from QCD

Attempt to understand nuclear PV observables systematically

Are the PV LEC’s “natural” from QCD standpoint?

Does EFT power counting work in nuclei ?

Complete determination of PV NN & NN interactions through O (p)

Implications for 0-decay

Hadronic PV & - decay

€

e−

€

e−

€

M

€

W −

€

W −

€

u

€

u

€

d

€

d

€

e−

€

e−

€

χ 0

€

˜ e −

€

u

€

u

€

d

€

d

€

˜ e −

How do we compute & separate heavy particle exchange effects?

Light M : 0-decay rate may yield scale of m

€

mν

EFF= Uek

2mk e2iδ

k

∑

€

e−

€

e−

€

A Z,N( )

€

A Z + 2,N − 2( )

Hadronic PV & - decay

€

e−

€

e−

€

M

€

W −

€

W −

€

u

€

u

€

d

€

d

€

e−

€

e−

€

χ 0

€

˜ e −

€

u

€

u

€

d

€

d

€

˜ e −

€

e−

€

e−

€

A Z,N( )

€

A Z + 2,N − 2( )€

u

€

d€

u

€

d

€

e−

€

e−

4 quark operator, as in hadronic PV

How do we compute & separate heavy particle exchange effects?

Hadronic PV as a probe

€

π

O ( p -1 ) O ( p )

• Determine VPV through O (p) from PV low-energy few-body studies where power counting works

• Re-analyze nuclear PV observables using this VPV

•If successful, we would have some indication that operator power counting works in nuclei

• Apply to -decay

€

N

€

N€

π

€

π€

e−

€

e−

€

N

€

N€

π€

e−

€

e−

€

N

€

N

€

e−

€

e−

€

KNNNN p0

€

KπNN p−1

€

Kππ p−2

PV Correlations in Muon Decay & m

3/4

0

3/4

1

TWIST (TRIUMF)

PV Correlations in Muon Decay & m

Model Independent Analysis

constrained by m

Model Dependent Analysis

€

−

€

€

e

€

W1,2−

€

e−

€

MWR (GeV )

€

Pμξ

€

Pμξδ

ρ€

TWIST ρ

€

TWIST Pμξ

First row CKM

2005 Global fit: Gagliardi et al.

€

H 0

€

H 0

€

H 0

€

Z,W

€

€

€

H 0

€

€

Prezeau, Kurylov 05 Erwin, Kile, Peng, R-M 06 m

MPs

Also -decay, Higgs production

PV as a Probe of New Symmetries



Unseen Forces: Supersymmetry ?

1. Unification & gravity2. Weak scale stability

3. Origin of matter4. Neutrinos

€

−

€

€

˜ χ 0

€

˜ μ −

€

˜ ν μ

€

e

€

W −

€

e−

Weak decays & new physics

€

u c t( )

Vud Vus Vub

Vcd Vcs Vcb

Vtd Vts Vtb

⎛

⎝

⎜ ⎜ ⎜

⎞

⎠

⎟ ⎟ ⎟

d

s

b

⎛

⎝

⎜ ⎜ ⎜

⎞

⎠

⎟ ⎟ ⎟

€

n → p e− ν e

A(Z,N) → A(Z −1,N +1) e+ ν e

π + → π 0 e+ ν e

-decay€

d → u e− ν e

s → u e− ν e

b → u e− ν e

€

GFβ

GFμ

= Vud 1+ Δrβ − Δrμ( )

New physics

€

−

€

€

˜ χ 0

€

˜ μ −

€

˜ ν μ

€

e

€

W −

€

e−

€

€

− €

e

€

e−

€

˜ χ 0

€

˜ χ −

€

˜ ν μ

€

˜ ν e

€

+L

€

+LSUSY€

δOSUSY

OSM~ 0.001

Flavor-blind SUSY-breaking

CKM, (g-2)MW, Mt ,…

M˜ μ L >M˜ q LKurylov, R-M

€

+L

€

+LRPV

μ−

ν e e−

νμ

˜ e Rk

λ12k λ12k

e−

d e−

d

˜ q Lj

λ1j1 λ

1j1

No long-lived LSP or SUSY DM

MW

R Parity Violation

CKM Unitarity

APV

πl2

Kurylov, R-M, Su

CKM unitarity ?

Weak decays & PV

€

n → p e− ν e

A(Z,N) → A(Z −1,N +1) e+ ν e

π + → π 0 e+ ν e

-decay

€

GFβ

GFμ

= Vud 1+ Δrβ − Δrμ( )

Liquid N2

Be reflector

Solid D2

77 K poly

Tungsten Target

58Ni coated stainless guide

UCN Detector

Flapper valve

LHe

€

dW ∝1 + ar p e ⋅

r p ν

Ee Eν

+ Ar σ n ⋅

r p eEe

+ L

Ultra cold neutrons

LANSCE: UCN “A” NIST, ILL: n Future SNS: n, a,b,A,… Future LANSCE: n

Lifetime & correlations

Weak decays & PV

€

u c t( )

Vud Vus Vub

Vcd Vcs Vcb

Vtd Vts Vtb

⎛

⎝

⎜ ⎜ ⎜

⎞

⎠

⎟ ⎟ ⎟

d

s

b

⎛

⎝

⎜ ⎜ ⎜

⎞

⎠

⎟ ⎟ ⎟

€

d → u e− ν e

s → u e− ν e

b → u e− ν e

€

−

€

€

˜ χ 0

€

˜ μ −

€

˜ ν μ

€

e

€

W −

€

e−

€

u

€

d€

e

€

e−

€

˜ χ 0

€

˜ χ −€

˜ u

€

˜ ν e

€

+L

€

+LSUSY€

δOSUSY

OSM~ 0.001

Correlations

€

dW ∝1 + ar p e ⋅

r p ν

Ee Eν

+ Ar σ n ⋅

r p eEe

+ L

Non (V-A) x (V-A) interactions: me/E

-decay at “RIAcino”?

€

APV =GFQ2

4 2παQW + F(Q2,θ)[ ]

“Weak Charge” ~ -N +Z(1- 4 sin2 W ) ~ 0.1 for e- , p

Probing SUSY with PV eN Interactions

€

sin2 θW =g(μ)Y

2

g(μ)2 + g(μ)Y2

€

re −€

e−

€

e−, A€

e−, A

€

Z 0

€

re −€

e−

€

e−, A€

e−, A

€

Weak Mixing Angle: Scale Dependence

sin2W

(GeV)

e+e- LEP, SLD

Atomic PV N deep inelastic

Czarnecki, Marciano Erler, Kurylov, MR-M

SLAC E158 (ee)JLab Q-Weak (ep)


QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

SUSY loops

χ -> e+e

SUSY dark matter

Kurylov, Su, MR-M

is Majorana

RPV 95% CL fit to weak decays, MW, etc.

€

˜ e −

€

˜ e +

€

+L

€

+

€

e−

€

f€

Z 0

€

€

˜ χ −

€

˜ χ +€

e−

€

e−€

e−

€

f

€

f€

f

€

€

Z 0

μ−

ν e e−

νμ

˜ e Rk

λ12k λ12k

sin2W

(GeV)

e+e- LEP, SLD

Atomic PV N deep inelastic

Additional PV electron scattering ideas

Czarnecki, Marciano Erler et al.

Linear Collider e-e-

SLAC E158 (ee)JLab Q-Weak (ep)

DIS-Parity, JLab

Moller, JLab


QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

SUSY dark matter

Kurylov, R-M, Su

SUSY loops

RPV 95% CL€

δQWp,SUSY QW

p,SM

€

δQWe,SUSY QW

e,SM

E158 &Q-Weak

JLab Moller

Linear collider

“DIS Parity”

Looking through the Mirror:

• The violation of parity invariance in low energy weak interactions has provided key information aboutthe structure of the Standard Model

• PV is now a powerful tool for probing other aspects ofthe symmetries of the Standard Model and beyond

• We can look forward to a rich array of PV studies in nuclear, particle, and atomic physics in the nextquarter century

The mirror will undoubtedly appear quite different when PV reaches 75

Documents

Looking Through The Mirror: Parity Violation in the Future M.J. Ramsey-Musolf + many students, post- docs, collaborators, and colleagues