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Transitive and Intransitive

VerbsTraditionally, a verb is defined as a doing word or an action word. While this

definition may be applicable to many verbs, it is inaccurate for some others,

because verbs can also refer to states or conditions. The verb berhenti (stop)

in Indonesian, for example, means to be in a stationary position, so there is

no action as such.

In Indonesian, we need to distinguish between intransitive and transitiveverbs, according to whether the verb requires only one or more than one

noun to accompany it to made sense when we use it in a sentence.

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Intransitive Verbs An intransitive verb is a verb that needs only one noun (or noun phrase) to

accompany it in a sentence. We refer to this noun (phrase) as the subject.

Duduk (sit) and berlari (run) are examples of intransitive verbs.

Subject Intransitive VerbAnto duduk

Anto sits

Nenek berjalanGrandmother walks

Adik saya menangis

My younger sibling cries

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Intransitive Verbs In a sentence you can add something other than a noun after the intransitiveverb, such as aprepositional phrase (a preposition followed by a noun) or a

manner adverb (a word placed after a verb that tells us the manner in which an

action is done.

Subject Intransitive Verb Prepositional Phrase

Anto duduk di kursi

Anto sits on the chair

Nenek berjalan ke pasar

Grandmother walks to market

Subject Intransitive Manner Adverb

Ani menangis keras

Ani cries loudly

Tono tidur lelap

Tono sleeps soundly

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Intransitive Verbs We can also make the sentences more complex by combining a manner adverb with a

prepositional phrase.

Subject Intransitive

Verb

Manner Adverb Prepositional

Phrase

Tono tidur lelap di kursi

Tono sleeps soundly on the chair

Nenek berjalan cepat ke pasar

Grandmother walks quickly to market

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Intransitive Verbs Intransitive verbs take different forms.Some

have no affix, some have the ber- prefix,

some have the meN- prefix and some havethe ter- prefix. The tables that follow list only

some of the intransitive verbs in each of these

groups. The capital letterN in the prefix meN-

indicates the sound change that occurs whenthe prefix is attached to a base word

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Simple intransitive verbs

(no affix) Datang

Duduk

Hidup

Ingat

Jatuh

Keluar

Lulus Lupa

Mandi

Masuk

Mulai

Percaya

Pergi

Pindah

Pulang

Selesai Singgah

Tahu

Terbang

Tiba

Tidur

tinggal

To come

To sit

To live

To remember

To fall

To exit, go out of

To pass (an exam) or test To forget

To bathe oneself

To enter, go into

To start, begin

To believe

To go

To move from one place to another

To go home

To finish To stop over

To know

To fly

To arrive

To sleep

To stay, live (reside)

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Intransitive Verbs with ber-BASE WORD INTRANSITIVE VERB ENGLISH MEANING

ajar belajar To learn. study

angkat berangkat To leave, depart

bahasa berbahasa To use a language

baring berbaring To lie downbelanja berbelanja To go shopping

bicara berbicara To speak

buat berbuat To do, commit

cakap bercakap To chat

diri berdiri To stand

gurau bergurau To joke around

hati berhati To take care

henti berhenti To stop (be stationary)

hias berbias To groom oneself

istirahat beristirahat To take a rest

jalan berjalan To walk

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Intransitive verbs with ber-kembang berkembang To develop

kerja bekerja To work

kuasa berkuasa To have the authority

kumpul Berkumpul To gather

lari berlari To runlibur berlibur To go on holiday

main bermain To play

nyanyi bernyanyi To sing

pegang berpegang To hold onto

perang berperang To engage in a war

renang berenang To swim

selancar berselancar To surf

sembahyang bersembahyang To pray

tangdang bertandang To visit someone

temu bertemu To meet

ubah berubah To change

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Intransitive verbs with meN-BASE WORD INTRANSITIVE VERB ENGLISH MEANINGbual membual To boast

cangkul mencangkul To hoe

dengkur mendengkur To snore

inap menginap To stay the night

lompat melompat To jump

nyanyi menyanyi To sing

rangkak merangkak To crawl

rokok merokok To smoke

tangis menangis To cry

tari menari To dance

tinggal meninggal To die

uap menguap To yawn

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Intransitive verbs with ter-BASE WORD INTRANSITIVE

VERBENGLISHMEANING

senyum tersenyum To smile

tawa tertawa To laugh

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Latihan 1Write a caption in Indonesian for each of the following pictures using the intransitive

verbs listed on the previous slides.

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Note Some intransitive verbs can take either the ber- or the meN- prefix with no

difference in meaning.

Bernyanyi/menyani to sing

Berbekas/membekas to leave a mark or trace

Some other intransitive verbs take what are sometimes called pseudo-objects(nouns that look like objects, but are not perceived as being affected by the

action.

Bermain gitar to play the guitar

Bertepuk tangan to clap (ones) hands

Bersepatu roda to roller skate

In these cases, we treat the verb and the following word as constituting one

activity. In the previous examples, the words gitar, tangan and roda are

considered as part of the verbs bermain, bertepuk and bersepatu respectively.