Persian

Empire Politica

l - Cyrus

Persian

Empire Map

Persian

Empire Politica

l - Darius

Persian

Empire Culture

Persian EmpireUnifying

(transportation & communication)

Minoans

Ancient

GreeceGeogra

phy

Ancient

GreeceCity-

States

Cyrus the Great Tolerant No looting or burning Religious Freedom Cyrus’s Cylinder – rights

Zoroastrianism

Ahura Mazda Light Paradise dualism

Ahriman C/C with Christianity dark

Darius Provinces Satraps – governor, bureaucracy Tolerant BUT “king’s eyes & ears,” are inspectors that ensure loyalty within empire

Royal Road Increased trade Increased use of unified currency Paid laborers built the road b/c

Zoroastrianism forbade slavery Established a system of mail

(very reliable mail system)

Lived on Island of Crete Major City of Knossos Fine pottery produced and

exchanged in Mediterranean Trade (dominated trade)

Influenced Greek Culture o Architectureo Burial customso Religion

Polis – city-state & surrounding land

o Fundamental political unit of Greece

Independent governance, varied in social structure and economic activity BUT shared culture (gods, goddesses, language..etc)

Mountainouso ¾ of the land had mts. o Only 20% of land was arable

Harsh Physical Geography (mts) and Limited Resources resulted in:

o Seeking resources via trade and colonizing

o Formation of independent city-states within Greece

Surrounding Seas – influenced culture & trade

Ancient

GreeceGeogra

phy

The Odysse

y

The Iliad

Spartan

SocietyGreek Mythol

oyAthena

Greek MythologyAphrodite

Greek Mythol

ogyHera

Spartan

Politics

Spartan

Society

Takes place after the Trojan War Odysseus (A King)

o Difficult journey returning home to Ithaca to reunite with his wife and son

o Involvement/Interference of various Gods/Goddesses

o Heroic figure for Ancient Greeks

“Author” Homer Epic about the Trojan War Achilles – Greek Warrior

o Hot Headed (ill tempered)o Son of Peleus & Thetis (nymph) o Kills Hector, Trojan Warrioro Admired by Athena

Gods meddle & instigate the war to continue

Heroes & story reflect arête – Greek concept of virtue & excellence

Focus on military strength and

discipline – Boys & Men (Agoge) Women have no political rights

BUT have more responsibilities and freedom

Helots (conquered peoples – treated as slaves)

Farmers make up majority of population

Polytheistic many Gods & Goddesses address questions about human

behavior, life events, and mysteries of nature

Names of Gods and concepts from the Greek stories influence modern words, phrases, and metaphors:

Ex. Achilles Heel (weakness)

Goddess of Love & Beauty Mentioned in The Iliad

Goddess of Marriage Married to Zeus, She was very

jealous Queen of the GodsMother of Hephaestus, God of Metallurgy, who gave Achilles his armor

Citizens – landowners Non-citizens – free people worked

in commerce, industry Helots– little more than slaves,

servants Slaves – bottom of society, not

free

Oligarchy – ruled by a few Council of Elders – proposed laws

Assembly – land owners, voted on laws

Ephors -enforced the laws

Two Kings

AthensGovernment

Spartan

Education

Athenian Government

Draco

Law MakingIn

Athens(Democracy)

Law Making

InSparta(Oligarchy

)

Athenian Government

Solon

Kings - Monarchy

Aristocracy-rules by noble elite

-Nobles alienated the majority peopleEventually this led to peasant revolt

Tyranny

-Cylon, a noble attempted to takes over-Pisistratus, noble/military leader – tyrant

Democracy – Cleisthenes & Council of 500

**”All Citizens directly voted in the Assembly

Boys trained from age 7 began the “agoge” trainingo All training & education was focused

on producing the best warriorso Harsh, rigorous, competition,

floggings Girls were training was focused towards

physical fitness so they were fit for motherhood

All children were taught loyalty and to put the good of the City-State above themselves

Greek Lawmaker Created Greece’s first legal code

o Contractso Land ownershipo Debt slavery

Did resolve conflict between nobles and peasants

Statesman selected by the aristocrats

to address class conflicts *he did not make land reform that could satisfy the common peopleo Outlawed debt slaveryo All citizens could participate in the

Assemblyo Citizens could bring charges against

wrongdoers He took actions that promoted trade

Council of 500 – proposed laws

o All Citizens (free-males, at least age 30) was eligible to be selected for the council

Assembly – debated and voted on lawso All Citizens (free-males, at least

30) were expected to participate in the group of no less than 6000 to debate/vote

Council of Elders – proposed laws

The Assembly – free adult males (did not debate) ONLY voted yay/nay

Ephors elected officials that enforced the law (edu & court)

Persian WarsMajor

Battles

AthensCitizen

s & Non-Citizen

s

Citizens - Free Adult Male Non-citizens – women, slaves

Battle of Marathon (battle near the

sea)o Athenians vs. Persians o Attack came from across the

Aegean o Darius (Persian), Pheidippides runs

26.2 miles for warning & dies (Greek)

Battle of Thermopylae (land battle)o Xerxes (Persiano Spartans (lose!) vs. Persians

Persian WarsResults

Persian WarsBeginn

ing End

Greek City-States feel free & confident!

Athens’s victory near Salamis leads to them becoming the leader of a 140 City-State Alliance, Delian

Delian alliance drives out the Persians from all surrounding areas *Greeks (esp. Athens) control the Aegean Sea

Athens controls other Greek City- States with their powerful Navy

Beginningo Persians conquer the Ionian Greeks

settled in Anatoliao Athens came to help free and defend

their fellow Greekso Darius “vows revenge” against

Athens The Endo Athens ships trap the Persians in the

narrow canal near Salamis o Spartans used battering rams to sink

1/3 of the Persian Fleet