Low Pressure Atomization Oil Reservoir Treatment Technology 1400 Kerui EN.pdf · Low Pressure Atomization . Oil Reservoir Treatment Technology . ... Stimulation technology for heavy

Page 1

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Low Pressure Atomization

Oil Reservoir Treatment Technology

Page 2

Contents

■---------------- About Kerui ■---------------- Technology Introduction ■---------------- Superiority ■---------------- Application

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Kerui-Global Trusted Expert in Integrated Oil & Gas Solution

Integrated Ecological Landscape for Oil & Gas Field

Excellent capacity for global service delivery

High-End oil equipment R&D manufacturer across the industrial chain

Technology development system covering the world

Perfect global marketing and service network

Oil & Gas EPC construction building expert

Integrated oil & gas field service and solution provider

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High-end petroleum equipment

industrial park

2.4MM㎡

Oil & Gas Stimulation equipment

production base

Oil recovery machinery

production base

Drilling equipment production base

Natural gas compressor

production base

Wellhead and well control production

base

Oil & Gas process production base

Houston coiled tubing equipment production

base

Kerui-World Class Equipment Research and Manufacture

70% market share of nitrogen generator in China

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Kerui-General Contractor of Oil & Gas EPC Projects and System Solution Provider

Wellhead Gas Treatment Modules

Natural Gas Gathering and Processing

• Oil & Gas pipeline • Crossing engineering • Hydraulic protection • Pumping • Compressor station • Off-take stations and facilities • Digital pipeline • Oil & Gas tank farm

Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation

Natural Gas Liquefaction Plant

• Natural gas liquefaction plant • LNG receiving terminal

• Wellhead heating and throttling • Wellhead methanol injection • Wellhead gas purification

(sweetening, dehydration demercuration)

• Wellhead metering • Modular wellhead gas treatment

equipment • Wellhead gas to CNG • Wellhead gas to LNG

• High-pressure gas gathering • Multi-phase transportation • Sour gas gathering and

transportation • Natural gas processing plant • Condensate recovery equipment • Sulfur recovery equipment

• Natural gas power generation, • Natural gas chemical processing:

Natural gas to ammonia and urea ，Syngas to methanol, MTO,MTA,MTP,MTG,GTL.

Natural Gas Utilization

• Associated gas utilization • Coke oven gas utilization • Coal tar treatment • Waste water treatment • Oil-based drilling mud treatment • Soil remediation

Environment Engineering

• LNG refueling station • L-CNG station • CNG station and skid-mounted

equipment

LNG, L-CNG, CNG Refueling Station

• Wellhead gas treatment equipment

• CNG station • LPG station • Mini LNG station

Equipment Financial Leasing

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1. Stimulation technology for high permeability reservoir

Oilfield name CHD oilfield Lithology Fine sandstone

Buried depth/m 1125 Daily oil

production before /(t/d)

75.1

Permeability/*10-3um2 2304 Daily oil

production after /(t/d)

137.1

Porosity/% 37 Water cut before /% 93.8

Initial oil saturation/% 62 Water cut after /% 88.7

Application

Combination foam system is combination system of foam and polymer solution.

Adding polymer into foam system can improve foam stability, reduce adsorption loss of foaming agents.

Foam can strengthen plugging ability and selectivity of polymer.

0

2 0 0

4 0 0

6 0 0

8 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 2 0 0

1 4 0 0

1 6 0 0

1 8 0 0

0 2 4 6 8

注入倍数 P V

阻力

因子

Single foam Combination

foam

Polymer

Injection volume

Resi

stan

ce fa

ctor

Kerui-Oil Recovery Enhancement Project Solution Provider

Page 7

Ⅰ

Main flow

channel

Ⅲ

Ⅱ

21t

2t

91%

22t

22t

0%

Production curve of XX well

1.97↑4.9MPa

Oilfield name Buried depth

/m

Daily oil production

before /(t/d)


after /(t/d)

Average single well

oil increment/t

Highest oil increment

/t

Operation well times

Accumulative oil increment

/t

Tahe oilfield 4500-7000 0.9 10.7 1750 13000 460 43×104

Application case

10t 15t

0t 10t

100% 33%

2. Stimulation technology for carbonate reservoir

Dig potential of remaining oil in Ⅱ, Ⅲ type of reservoir space

Low water cut, stable oil production, good coning

control effect, with the oil increment in this stage 1413t.


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(1) Water alternate gas（WAG）flooding technology

(2) Acidizing plug removal technology

Acid

izin

g pl

ug

rem

oval

tech

nolo

gy

sandstone reservoir

carbonate reservoir

Conventional mud acid Self-generating mud acid Fluoboric acid Diversion acid Multi-hydrogen acid Nitric acid powder

Hydrochloric acid Organic acid Hybrid acid system Retarded acid Solid acid

N2、air、flue gas、CO2

Application advantages:

High-usage of nitrogen

Displacement front keeps stable;

Water enters high permeability zone and gas enters low

permeability zone;

Gas breakthrough is inhibited.

3. Stimulation technology for low permeability reservoir


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(3) Pseudo horizontal well development technology

Radial drilling design for XX well

Radial drilling technology improves the injection-production pattern

Well No. Layer No. Permeability10-3um2

Length of lateral hole（m）

Formula method

Limit control radius method Actual length

C17-5X1

C41 11.2 112 109 100 C42 21.2 73 79 75 C51 20.9 82 84 83

C52 24.9 52 60 80

3. Stimulation technology for low permeability reservoir

Production curve for XX well

Water cut

Daily fluid production


By radial drilling technology, flow channel with 100m horizontal section can be formed between wells. Which can connect reservoirs, increase drainage radius and water swept area, thus improve the development effect and reduce drilling workload.


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Application scope

1）high crude oil viscosity（20~100×104mPa·s), poor mobility;

2）deep buried depth(>1000m), thin thickness (4~15m);

3）strong sensitivity, easy to be damaged (shale content:6~20%);

4）loose cemented, fine lithology;

5）thin interlayer (2~6m), complicated oil-water relation.

Field application

(1) HDCS thermal recovery technology for ultra-heavy oil

Viscosity field after steam injection

Viscosity field after CO2+steam injection HDCS application in SL oilfield

Operation well number

Operation well times

Accumulative steam injection

/t

Accumulative CO2 injection /t

Accumulative oil increment /t

Accumulative oil increment for single well

/t

Average accumulative oil increment in one cycle

/t

78 213 53.24×104 2.24×104 47.1×104 6038 2210

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Vis

cosi

ty (

mP

a·s)

Saturation pressure (MPa)

CO2湿气 CH4烟道气 N2

Reduce oil viscosity

4. Stimulation technology for heavy oil reservoir


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Existing problem for steam injection well

Field application (2) Foam temporary plugging profile control technology

1670.51353.11

4019.34

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Last cycle DR 19% The cycle

BOPD


Steam: 5500MMBTU, Nitrogen: 65500m3, Foaming agent: 5t; Oil increment in one cycle: 2666 bbls.

Oil increment statistics of XX well in Girasol oilfield

Steam-crude oil density difference causes gravitational

differentiation, and steam gathers at the top of the reservoir,

steam overlay occurs, resulting in serious heat loss and low steam

efficiency.


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Application scope

1）Medium-deep well, poor steam stimulation effect;

2）Low oil phase permeability and high water cut;

3）Underground crude oil viscosity ≤ 20,000mPa·s;

4）Formation temperature ≤80℃;

5）salinity of formation water ≤ 20,000mg/L.

(3) Heavy oil energization cold recovery technology

C11-25

C11-27

C11-29

C11-31

C11-33

C11-35

C13-25

C13-27

C13-29

C13-31

C13-33

C13-35

C13-727C13-X27

C15-25

C15-31

C15-33

C15-35

C15-X27

C1

C

C3-27

C38

C5-27

C5-29

C5-33

C7-2

C7-27

C7-3

C7-31

C7-33

C7-X25

C9-27

C9-29

C9-31

C9-33

C9-725

Well No.

Dynamic viscosity

mPa·s

Freezing point （℃）

Sulin classificati-

on

Salinity （mg/l）

7-3 16329 28 MgCl2 11658

7-27 16451 20 NaHCO3 10366

9-27 4587 38 NaHCO3 9225

9-31 16840 36 NaHCO3 10890

11-31 21203 32 NaHCO3 10607

Layer Oil area（Km2） Thickness（m） Geological reserves（104t） Remark Percentage of

reserves %

Ng14 0.38 4.3 29.8 24.4 Ng15 0.11 2.4 4.8 3.9 Ng21 0.14 2.3 5.9 4.8 Ng22 0.07 3.8 4.9 4.0 Ng23 0.27 2.9 14.3 11.7 Ng31 0.18 2.5 8.2 6.7 Ng32 0.15 1.4 3.8 3.1 Ng33 0.2 2.6 9.5 7.8 Ng41 0.13 3.1 7.4 Undeveloped 6.0 Ng42 0.19 2.9 10.1 Undeveloped 8.2 Ng43 0.08 2 2.9 2.4 Ng5 0.17 6.7 20.8 17.0 Total 0.43 15.6 122.2 100.0


CJC9-29 Well group control oil area chart

Fluid characteristic


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Contents


Page 14

Technology Introduction

1. Low-pressure Atomization oil Reservoir Treatment Technology

Taking advantage of high-pressure gas(nitrogen, carbon dioxide, natural gas), use

atomization apparatus to disperse acid solution to become micro-droplets with diameter of

less than 2μm, then atomized acid enters into micro pores and fractures in deep formation

or crude oil under fracturing pressure, entered acid etches micro pores and fractures or

changes wettability of rocks, to improve permeability of flow channels or reduce the

viscosity of crude oil.

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Atomization Process at Different Gas-liquid Ratios

Atomization can be in wellhead or/and in bottom hole. Wellhead atomization is suitable for shallow well,

while bottom hole atomization is for middle and deep well.

Bottom Hole Atomization

2.Atomization Method


Page 16

3. Stimulation Mechanism

Before treatment

Forming air-film by the adsorption effect of matrix on gas ,help acid mist penetrate to the deep reservoir.

Treatment process Preposed nitrogen


Page 17


4. Application Scope

Transforming deep microfracture in carbonate reservoir

Transforming deep micropore in tight sandstone reservoir

Transforming deep reservoir during the process of heavy oil huff and puff

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Contents


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Superiority

1. Simple Construction, Low Engineering Cost

Conventional acidizing and acid fracturing requires matched borehole operation , with high cost of operation and complex construction procedure.

The acidizing construction site

Construction flow chart of atomization acid

Operating pipe string of nitrogen injection

operating pipe string of original well

Atomization acid treatment technology does not need to much equipment and treatment procedure is simple .

The acid fracturing construction site

booster compressor nitrogen

generator unit

mixing liquid tank

T-bend

non-return valve

integrated wellhead of injection and production

production pipeline

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2. Less Acid Consumption and High Effective Utilization

The consumption of Conventional acidification acid pressure acid dosage is from dozens of to hundreds of squares of acid fluid, atomized acid can totally diffuse with gas, less acid consumption,Only 10-20 m3 (site), low material cost.

Cavernous fissure reservoir body oil reservoir profile

Atomized acidizing diffusion simulation inside reservoir body

Model size：length 80cm，width 60cm， thickness 10cm, made from organic glass after acid etching.

Superiority

Page 21

3. No Flowback Fluid, Eco-Friendly

PH neutralizing

Oxidize deferrization

Precipitation separation

Fluid external emission

Conventional acid treatment / pressurize flowback fluid treatment system.

Vaporific acid etching treatment, Less acid consumption, Reaction efficiency ,to avoid reacted acid massively, flowback after acidification.

Acid fluid flowback site

Superiority

Page 22

Atomized acidizing formation treatment technology for micro-fracture and matrix constantly etching, While improving fracture conductivity may form a new flow channel.

Acidizing fluid fulliy atomized ,the diameter of droplet is 0.1~10μm Nitrogen gas takes along acid- droplet enter into micro-fracture Acidizing filud etches micro-fracture to increase its conductivity Connect with Ⅱ,Ⅲ type holes

VS Partial enlarge

Superiority 4. Into the Deep Reservoir, and Gradually Reform the Reservoir

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Hollowed zone

Acid etching zone

N Stratigraphic section of Conventional acidification acid

corrosion

Diffusion chart of atomized acidizing

Acid corrosion formation matrix

Formation chart of acid fracturing

fracture

Acid etching zone

N W

Atomized acid treatment Technology continue acid etching micro-fracture and matrix and new flow channel will be formed at the same time to improve the flow conductivity of fracture.

Superiority

4. Into the Deep Reservoir, and Gradually Reform the Reservoir

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5. Nitrogen overlap to Improve Upper Reservoir

Enter the upper reservoir, selective reform for attic style oil enrichment region of carbonate

Superiority

Atomized acidizing reformed, form a gas cap at the same time, advantage to the residual

oil develop in the top.

Impr

oved

wel

l

Top dead oil

Seam hole type of carbonate reservoir production tail, residual oil distribute

in top and side.

Impr

oved

wel

l Top dead oil

Side dead oil residual water after injection of water

displacing oil.

Injected gas

Top dead oil

Page 25

6. Reduce the Damage in the Process of Water Sensitive Reservoir Acidification

Low-permeability sandstone reservoir with mall pores, incompatibility between injection fluid and formation can cause swelling of clay minerals and formation damage with water lock phenomenon.

Oil well

Development trend began to

deteriorate after the water

sensitivity of reservoir

acidification.

Superiority

Water cut stepped up Water cut spiky up Water cut incremental up

Page 26

Contents


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Application

After atomization acid treatment, the initial production capacity is high, and the effective period is long.

Well number comparison

Cycle oil increment comparison

The validity of the production

Fracture cavity type carbonate reservoir is the most widely used, Nitrogen stimulation process with atomized acid formation processing technology may significantly enhance the cycle of oil increase, the effective period also increased.

Day

Met

er

Wel

l Num

ber

Adding acid Without acid

Adding acid

Adding acid Without acid

Without acid

1. Carbonate Reservoir

Page 28

Application

45

37

17%

Inject gas

47

33

28%

Well S80 production curve

S80

Before treatment, cumulate fluid is 154869t, cumulate oil 116630t, cumulate water 38240t; After gas injection production for 468days, cumulate fluid is 14960t, cumulate oil 9537t, cumulate water, average daily oil production 20t.

Well S80 Gas injection curve

Deal with atomized acidizing, at early stage with high production, long period of validity.


Tubing Pressure(Mpa)

Daily Inject acid(m3)

Daily Inject gas(m3)

Wat

er

Cut

(%) Da

ily o

il

prod

uctio

n(t)

Da

ily fl

uid

pr

oduc

tion(

t)

Casin

g

Pres

sure

(M

pa)

Tubi

ng

Pres

sure

(M

pa)

Page 29

0102030405060

1 31 61 91 121 151

Oil preasure MPa

Cumulate gas 104m3

Casing preasure MPa

0

20

40

60

1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141

Oil preasure MPa

Casing preasure MPa

The first cycle curve of gas injection

The second cycle gas injection curve

Only gas injection huff and puff, cumulate oil production is low, short period of validity.

Application

Cumulate gas 104m3

First inject gas 500000

m3,may14,c-umulate oil

1284t

Flowing about 27 days,oil production

822t , daily oil output 30t

Preasure test 1.8Mpa Second inject gas

500000 m3, increase oil

635t

Flowing about 29 days,oil

production 965t , daily oil output

34t

Daily production curve


Preasure test 7.5Mpa

Wat

er

cut%

Da

ily o

il pr

oduc

tion(

t) Da

ily

liqui

d

prod

uctio

n(t)

Daily

gas

pr

oduc

tion(

m3 \

d)

stro

ke(m

)

freq

uenc

y (p

er/m

in)

dyn

amic

oil

leve

ln(m

)

Choke

Time

Page 30

Application 2. Low-permeability Sandstone Reservoir

Depth m 3000 surface crude oil viscosity

mPa.ｓ 18

Air permeability 10-3μm2 3.4 in-situ oil viscosity mPa.ｓ

1.89

Porosity % 11 Freezing point ℃ 33.8

Oil area Km2 2.15 FMP MPa 29

Reservoir thickness m 8.3 pressure coefficient MPa/100m 1.37

Geological reserves 104t 123.5 TF ℃ 139

Surface crude oil density g/m3 0.8834 TG ℃/100m 4

reservoir parameters

June 2015

Reservoir thickness map of C103

Effect of atomization acid treatment with C103X7

perforation interval ： 2951.4-2964m Oil layer 8.0m/2

Injection curve

Five wells implemented in the block. Average single well initial daily oil

3.7t. The average single well with the amount of acid is 5.3m3.

Shan dong KERUI research Institute of

petroleum engineering technology

Mapping: Song dongjiang Li zhiyong Drawing:Chen yue Check:Li chunqin Hu dongliang

Water cut

Water cut


Daily liquid production

Cumulative injection amount of acid is 5.4m3

Page 31

After treatment Before treatment

Aim：improve water injection ability of

water injection well

Improve water injection profile

H32

H33

H34

H35

H36

Injection performance of C26-014

Well log of C26-014

Gas injection volume ：4.5×104m3

Acid injection volume：5m3

2. Low-permeability Sandstone Reservoir

Application

Pump Pressure

/Mpa

Tubing Pressure

/Mpa

Daily Injection

/m3

Page 32

Application Effect

3. Deep Heavy Oil Reservoir

Area（Km2） 1.43 Formation temperature (℃) 89

Reserves (104t) 525 Temperature gradient (°C/100m) 3.0

Buried depth (m) 2300 Underground oil density (g/m3) 0.9826

Permeability (10-3μm2) 510 Surface oil viscosity (mPa·s) 15233

Porosity (%) 33.4 Freezing point (℃) -7-2 Formation pressure

(MPa) 16.7 Formation water salinity (mg/l) 187300

Pressure factor 0.98 Water type CaCl2

Top structure map for YD961 Block

Reservoir parameters for YD961 Block Carry out cold recovery huff and puff stimulation treatment on single well at the structural high part, the initial daily oil increment is 8.2t.

Monthly production curve for YD961X8 well

accumulative nitrogen volume: 250000m3

800ppm viscosity reducer: 500m3

Water cut

Water cut


Daily liquid production

Page 33

Conclusions

1. Treated area of typical acidizing / frac-acidizing in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir is very small. The discharge capacity and operation speed are

very high, resulting in serious acid fluid leakage. The whole reservoir is not fully stimulated, and the operation can easily connect the bottom water, so

the single well water cut will increase rapidly. After being atomized, the acid can enter deep formation with nitrogen and reaction occurs very slow, so

it can stimulated the typical acid unswept micro-fractures.

2. Acidizing radius is usually very small in low permeability reservoir, and unthorough flow-back can easily cause formation damage. Atomized acidizing

technology can enlarge acid swept area, stimulate small pore-throat. With nitrogen to increase formation energy, the flow-back is thorough.

3. Thermal recovery efficiency in deep heavy oil reservoir is low. During cold recovery process, this technology can take oil displacing agent into deep

formation to increase the stimulation radius, thus improving the cold recovery effect.

Application

Page 34

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Documents

Low Pressure Atomization Oil Reservoir Treatment Technology 1400 Kerui EN.pdf · Low Pressure Atomization . Oil Reservoir Treatment Technology . ... Stimulation technology for heavy