Enclosed Third Harmonic Filter THF and THFstarEnclosed units

Low Voltage Products

Brochure THFS1GB 03_041SCC330003C0201

2 Low Voltage Products

S01

521A

S01

521A

UPSUPS

The Third Harmonic - a Growing ProblemToday's electrical networks and plants are under much more stress than a decade ago. One reasonfor this is the increasing use of electric equipment that generate harmonics: in particular the thirdharmonic. This harmonic can generate exceptionally high neutral currents which can often exceed eventhe phase current.Equipment that generate harmonics:

• Fluorescent lighting systems • Computers • Welding equipment • UPS• Rectifiers • TV monitors • Microwave ovens

The Third Harmonic Causes Many Problems

In network:

• Overheating• Increased power losses• Poor quality of electricity• Electromagnetic fields• Malfunctions in earth fault control• Failure in remote control systems

In plants:

• Malfunction in electronics• Damage to capacitors• Power losses• Increased magnetic fields• Overload in neutral conductor• Cable fires• Abnormal temperature changes and noise in transformers• Nuisance tripping in circuit-breakers• Shorter life time

1,00

0,00

-1,00

L1L2L3

S00

248A

S00

248A

0,0000

000

000 30 600 90 12020 150

18080 210

2 240

240

270

3000

330

33

1,00

0,40

-0,40

-1,00

L1

3.L1

0,0000

0000

030 6060 90 12020 150

180080 210

2 2400

270

300

300

330

33

1,00

0,40

-0,40

-1,00

L2

3.L2

0,0000

000

0000

030 6000 909 120

120

150

1800

210

2 240

24040 270

30000 330

3

1,00

0,40

0,00

-0,40

-1,00

L3

3.L3

0,0000

0000

030 600 909 1202020 150

1800

210

21 24040 270

300000 330

3333

N

1,00

0,00

-1,00

0,00

000 30 6060 90 120

120

150

18080 210

240

240

270

30000 330

The third harmonics are accumulatedin the neutral conductor.

Problems are directly related to the harmonic content. The third harmonic found in the phase current appearsneutral thus increasing the neutral current. See illustration above.

3Low Voltage Products

L1

L2

L2

N

PE

110A

106A

103A

320A

L1

L2

L2

N

PE

8A

7A

6A

21ATHF_

21A

S01

528B

The Solution- The Third Harmonic FilterTHFstar

Example on how Third Harmonic Filter THFeffects on third harmonic currents.

Benefits of THF for lighting and mixed load

L1

L2

L3

N

PE

TNS

S00

250A

S00

250A

3,5

3

2,5

2

3,5

1

0,5

0

S01

527A

S0

5

Without THF With THF

Diagram indicating the level of magnetic field with and withoutThird Harmonic Filter, Hospital building.

Increased efficiency in low voltage network• Reduction in transmission losses• Increased loadability of the existing network

and switchboards• Lower temperature of cables, switchboards

and transformers• Elimination of third harmonic current in neutral

and phase conductor

Increased efficiency in lighting applianceand pc-load

• Less power or more lighting• Less maintenance• Longer lifetime of the lamps and capacitors

Reduced Magnetic fields• The reduction of third harmonic component of

the current reduces the total magnetic field• Diagram indicating an example of the total

magnetic field spectrum typically in variouslocations

patentedapplication

The third harmonic filter THFstar removes the thirdharmonic current from the network. The thirdharmonic currents generated by the single phaseloads flowing in the phase conductors sum up in theneutral conductor. The neutral current may be higherthan the phase current.The THF filter mitigates the third harmonic currentfrom the whole network from the luminances to thedistribution panel, main switchboard up to the supplytransformers medium voltage winding. The mitigationeffect is the same both at the line and load side.The filtering application is patented.

Transformer

Transformer

Load

Load

4 Low Voltage Products

Third harmonic filters THFstar and THF

Selection and dimensioning of the THFproduct range

Installation to the transformer star point, enclosed filters and system components,THFstar

The new generation third harmonic filter THFstar is designed for small size and economical solutions to places, which areespecially exposed by third harmonic currents. The filter can be installed outdoor in vicinity of transformer stations, as retrofittingto existing transformer station or as additional field of main switchboard. It is recommended to install the filter THFstar in PEN-conductor, whenever possible, equipped with appropriate protection unit THF1S_ .

DIMENSIONING: According to the supply transformerPROTECTION: Protection unit THFS1_S, 50Hz and 150 Hz measurement according to the mounting instruction

Network Rated current Transformer Enclosed Units System Input-Output Internalof the size components cable/ busbar connection to

TN-C, TN-S transformer kVA Indoor Outdoor IP 00 the filterA IP30 IP34

8001) 630 THFS500US1 THFS400A1 Acc. to phase 33% of phase900 630 THFS630S1 THFS630U1 + THF 1_S conductors conductor

THFS630A1 Acc. to phase 33% of phase1250 1000 THFS1000S1 THFS1000U1 + THF 1_S conductors conductor

THFS1000A1 Acc. to phase 33% of phase2500 1600 THFS1600S1 THFS1600U1 + THF 1_S conductors conductor

3200 2000 THFS1600S1x2 THFS1600U1x2 THFS630A1x2 Acc. to phase 33% of phaseconductors conductor

Installation for distribution boards in TN-S-system, enclosed filter and system components, THF

THF filters are designed in TN-S-systems to provide selective mitigation of isolated groups with local or central compensation.The THF is normally installed in the load side neutral output of UPS-devise. THF is dimensioned according to the group fuses. Incase the dimensioning is below 100% it is recommended to use additional protection unit. The filter types THF 25...160NVinclude guard units to keep track of the PE-current in the area of 4...10 A.

DIMENSIONING: According to the group fuse- rated current = rated current of the fuse linkPROTECTION: Guard unit (_V), 150Hz measurement from PE-conductor of the group

Network Rated current Enclosed Units System Cross-section Internalof the components Input-Output connection to

TN-S group fuse Indoor IP30 IP 00 cable the filterA mm2 mm2

25 THF25NV THF63NB 663 THF63NV THF63NB 16125 THF125NV THF63NB x 2 35160 THF160NV THF63NB x 3 50250 THF125NLV + THF125N THF63NB x 4 95 35

L1 L2 L3THF

S0

15

44

A

N(PEN)

L1 L2 L3THF

S01

545A

N

PE

L1 L2 L3THF

S01

544A

N(PEN)

L1 L2 L3THF

S01

545A

N

PE

Note: System components in brochure THFS 2 GB

Note: System components in brochure THFS 2 GB

The size of the THF-filters is selected according to thesupply transformer or back up fuses. The protection unitneeds to be used, in case the dimensioning exceeds thethermal rating of the filter.

The basis of dimensioning is that the filter withstands the150Hz voltage and the fundamental neutral currentgenerated by the phase unbalance.

The THFstar filters are tested according to the highestpossible short circuit current or back up fuse.The filter is not suitable for applications including largelydimmer loads. Please consult with us.

5Low Voltage Products

Enclosed third harmonic filters THFstar

Installation to transformer star point. The delivery includes protection unit, by-pass contactorand switch as well as the overload proof current transformer.

Enclosed third harmonic filters THFstar, THFOrdering informationTechnical information

Transformer size Dimensions Input-Output Type Order Weight[kVA] [A] L x S x K [mm] Cabling /Busbar Code [kg]

500 800 1050 x 360 x 1200 2 x 150 mm2 Cu THFS 500US11) 300630 900 654 x 654 x 2260 2 x 150 mm2 Cu THFS 630S1 400

(max 4 cables)1000 1450 654 x 654 x 2260 4 x 150 mm2 Cu THFS 1000S1 520

(max 6 cables)1600 2300 840 x 654 x 2260 Busbar 2x10x120 THFS 1600S1 650

6 x 150 mmm2 Cu

Outdoor use IP 34. Includes base element, cabling from bottom

Transformer size Dimensions Input-Output Type Weight[kVA] [A] L x S x K [mm] Cabling / Busbar [kg]

630 900 1050 x 360 x 1200 2 x 150mm2 Cu THFS 630U1 310(max 4 cables)

1000 1450 1050 x 720 x 1200 4 x 150mm2 Cu THFS 1000U1 450(max 6 cables)

1600 2300 1050 x 720 x 1200 Busbar 2x10x120 THFS 1600U1 5506 x 150 mmm2 Cu

THFS_U1

Group Connection Dimensions Protection Type Order Weightfuse cable (Cu) (LxSxK) degree Code[A] [mm2 ] [mm] [kg]

Third harmonic filters including guard unit and by-pass contactorCurrent transformer of the relay, cable diameter max. 27 mm, is included in the delivery.

25 6 250x180x400 IP 30 THF 25NV 1SCA022388R0700 1963 16 400x230x600 IP 30 THF 63NV 1SCA022374R8260 43125 35 400x230x1000 IP 30 THF 125NV 1SCA022374R8340 76125 95 and 150 400x230x1400 IP 30 THF 125NLV 1SCA022378R6190 83160 50 and 70 800x230x1000 IP 30 THF 160NV 1SCA022374R8420 110

Third harmonic filters without guard unit and by-pass contactorCan be used parallel with NV- and NLV- types.

63 16 400x230x600 IP 30 THF 63N 1SCA022325R0860 43125 35 400x230x1000 IP 30 THF 125N 1SCA022325R1080 76125 95 and 150 400x230x1400 IP 30 THF 125NL 1SCA022358R9010 83160 50 and 70 800x230x1000 IP 30 THF 160N 1SCA022325R1240 110

THF

Strömberg

Test

Aut

OK

ByPassTest

Reset

R

S01

536A

Enclosed third harmonic filters THFInstallation to TN-S-system. Filter suitable for voltage ≤ 690V. Steel sheet enclosure.

THF 63NV

THF 1BS

Example on 1600kVAfilter joints

THFS_S1

MNS

NOI

OO

FF

FILTER BYBASS

S01

552A

NOTE: THF 125 NL include space for parallel connection of several filters.

THF

Strömberg Test

OKByPass

Test

RReset

0

12090

6030

50/60Hz Error

50/60Hz150/180Hz Error

150/180Hz

Aut

o

S00

977A

THF 1S

Indoor use IP 30. Cabling from bottom or top

1) Cabling from bottom

For increased protection of THFProtection unit

Back up Terminals Dimensions Protection Type Order Weight fuse (HxWxD) degree Code

[mm2] / Cu [mm] [kg]

Open type 10A 2.5 190x350x150 IP00 THF1BS 1SCA022457R7560 4.6100x400x150 THF1BSMNS 1SCA022437R8010 4.6

Enclosed 10A 2.5 400x350x150 IP44 THF1S 1SCA022468R9360 15(Sheet steel)

A1 A

2

18 171 2A

B

A1 A

2

18 171 2A

B

A1 A

2

18 171 2A

B

230V~ 50/60Hz

SM 115230

0

8

64

2

10

230V~ 50/60Hz

SM 115230

0

8

64

2

10

S00

978A

Current transformers

Current Overload Type Orderratio value code

250/1 800A KORE 06F1-250/1THF 1SCA022458R4260

6 Low Voltage Products

THF

L1

L2L3

PEN

L1

L2L3

THF

S01

22A

S01

522A

THF

L1

L2

L3

The third harmonic filters THFstar are installed in the neutral- or PEN-conductor between theunearthed transformer star point and the neutral busbar of the distribution board.All neutral and earth currents need to be conducted through the current transformer of the protectionunit. The protection unit is connected to reliable auxiliary voltage source.

Installation of THFstar filters in transformer circuitsin TN-C system

In TN-C -system the THFstar filter is installed in the transformer star point. There must be no earthing between thestarpoint of the transformer and the incoming terminal of THFstar filter.

Incorrect installation

Because of earth current, THFstar

filters cannot be installed in thePEN conductor of a four-conductorsystem.

Incorrect installation

Earthing is allowed onlyafter THFstar filter.

Approvals

SGS-FIMKO Oy' s certification on use in neutral conductor.No standards available sofar.Approval in EU area acc. to CENELEC Memorandum 7.CE certificate

Test

I

O

230 VACN

PE3 X 1,5 mm2

PEN

10 A

N

PE

MAINDISTRIBUTIONBOARD

INPUT OUTPUTTRANSFORMER

L1 L2 L3N

THFS_

PEN

PEN

S01

061A

N(PE)

Protectionunit

Enclosed third harmonic filters THFstar

Installation to the transformer star point

Standards

IEC 439-1+ IEC 76-1IEC 289IEC 831-1/2

7Low Voltage Products

Protection unit

The purpose of the protection unit is to limit the fundamental unbalance current, protect THFstar foroverloading and to detect the increased third harmonic current due to network failure or failure ofTHFstar.

The protection unit THF1_S and current transformer are included in the delivery. The protection unitinclude 50Hz and 150Hz measurement circuits. The current transformer need to be installed sothat all neutral and vagabonding currents pass through it to the star point of the transformer.In case of failure the protection unit is closing the by-pass contactor of the filter.

Installation of THFstar in the star points of parallel transformers orgenerators

THF I >K1

PEN

PEN

S00

985A

S00

985A

A1

B1

A2

B2

GEN.

D

S00

982A

S00

982A

A1

B1

A2

B2

S00

983A

S00

983A

A

B

S00

984A

S00

984A

THFstar is installed between points A and B. The isolation resistance after the point B needs to be measured overRe > 50 kΩ. The filters in both star points, N-conductors- need to be controlled simultaneously.

Alternative ways of installation:

8 Low Voltage Products

Size of THF Recommended cable size of neutral conductors

feeding Quantity & Type Neutral Cables betweenfuse conductor f i l ters

in-out Cross section[ A ] Cross section

25 1 x THF 25NV 6 mm2 -

63 1 x THF 63NV 16 mm2 -

125 1 x THF 125NV 35 mm2 -

160 1 x THF 160NV 50 mm2 -

200 1 x THF 160NV + 1 x THF 63N 70 mm2 16 mm2

NPE

THF

L1

L2L3

S01

523A

S01

523A

NPE

THF

L1

L2L3

Installation of THF filter for distributionboards TN-S -system

TN-S -system

In TN-S system the THF filter can be installed in the neutral conductor. The network must be a pure TN-Ssystem. Fault current monitoring is recommended. Before the installation the state of TN-S-system shall beverified by measuring the isolation resistance in the poles where THF is to be installed.It is advisable to install the filter in the transformer star point even in TN-S-system. In that case there is no150 Hz voltage between N and PE. See installation of THFstar filter for transformer circuits on page 6.

Selection of filter for distribution boards in the TN-S-system

The THF filter is installed in the neutral conductor. A filter is sized according to the distribution board orthe fuse, which is supplying the group. The basis of the factory dimensioning of the filter is the fact that afilter installed in the neutral conductor bears, in addition to the 150 Hz current, a 50 Hz component whichmay reach 100 % of the phase current (fully asymmetrical load).

In TN-S –system the neutral and PE shall be connected in onepoint only, when the THF filter is installed in the neutral conductor,there cannot be any connections between N and PE in theloadside.

~=

~=

UPS

THF

STATICBYPASSSWITCH

BATTERY

SUPPLY NETWORK

LNPE

UPS NETWORK

LNPE

MANUALBYPASSSWITCH

S01

018A

S01

018A

Installation example UPS. THF-filter is installed in theload side output terminal of the neutral conductor.

9Low Voltage Products

L1L2L3

NPEN

THF Protectionunit

K1

10A

S01

524B

THFstar

L1L2L3

PEN

THF_NV

100A0 GUARD

S01

525A

S01

525A

Guard unit

The THF-units for TN-S-system include guard unit (_V).The purpose of guard unit is to supervise the network conditionby measuring the level of the current of the PE-conductorof the group. In case the PE-current exceeding the set level inthe area of 4A…10A, the guard unit closes the by-pass contactorof THF and can give an alarm.If increased protection is needed, the group fuse is bigger thanthe rated current of the filter, or in case of large cable diameters,the THF-filters can be provided with an extra protection unit andcurrent transformer. In those cases the THFstar is recommended.The protection unit is controlling the by-pass contactor of theTHF in case of large 50 Hz current or when the 150Hz currentexceeds the set limit. The current transformer is installed inthe PE-conductor alt. the PEN-conductor depending on theinstallation.

THF equipped with quard unit. THF equipped with optional protection unit.

THF installed in neutral conductor of TN-S system equipped withquard unit. Measurement from PE conductor.

THFstar filter installed in neutral conductor of TN-S system equippedwith optional protection unit. Measurement from N and PE conductors.

THF

Strömberg

Test

Aut

OK

ByPassTest

Reset

R

S01

536A

L1L2L3PE

N

Load Load Load

Aut.

OK THF

3 5 1

4 6 2 14 22

Test

Test

L1

1 3

2 4

R

K2

S1 S2

K1

S2 21

22

6

78

I >t

9

43

2

S1

5

F110A

S01

533A

S01

533A

L1L2L3PE

N

Load Load Load

Aut.

ByPa

ss OK THF

3 5 1

4 6 2

13 21

14 22

Test

F110A

Test

L1

1 3

2 4

R

K2

S1 S2

K11

S2 21

22

6

78

I >t

910

43

2

1

A1

A2K1

A1

A2K11

5

S1

1

2

S01

534A

S01

534A

Connection example: THF filter with guard unit

THF25NVTHF63NVTHF125NVTHF160NV THF125NLV

10 Low Voltage Products

MNS

NOI

OO

FF

FILTER BYBASS

S01

552A

Specification of harmonic filterExample THFstar

Check THFstar filters

Type: THFS 1600 S1Rated voltage: 400VDimensioning according to the transformersize:1600 kVARemoves the third harmonic current from thephase and neutral conductorDimensioning current/ Max continuouscurrent: 2250A/ 800ADimensioning voltage: 40V 150HzThe filter allows subsequent increasing of theharmonic load without retrofittingShort circuit dimensioning according to max.available short circuitThe filter is stand along type and not influencingon the power factor compensationThe filter is not influencing on carrier- wave-line.Main incoming breaker: Max. time delay: 0,2 sTerminations: Max six cables of 300mm2

The filter is equipped with by-pass switch for commisoning

Stand along enclosure:• indoor use IP30• outdoor use IP34

Accommodation:• In the vicinity of transformer station• Retrofitting to the transformer station• In the main switchboard

The THFstar removes typically 95% of the third harmonic current from the whole network fromline and load side independent of the magnitude of the third harmonic current. For examplethe neutral current reduces from 450A down to 25A and in the phase conductors from 150A to10A. The same mitigation prevails in the whole network from the transformer windings to thelamps and computers.The magnetic field from the construction and earthing wiring reduces typically by 50% due tomitigation of the vagabonding currents ( 50% of magnetic field usually of 150 Hz origin).

The iron, copper and resistance losses reduce the temperature and noise level of the supplytransformer doubling the lifetime of the transformer by every 8 degrees C.The filter reduces the resistance losses (I2R) For example:Before: (450A)2 x 0,1 Ω = 2025 WFilter installed: (25A)2 x 0,1 Ω = 62,5 WThe filter include protection unit, which limit the 50Hz unbalance current and 150Hz faultcurrent

Installation and commissioning:The installation of THFstar is in theory easy but in practice certain points have to bechecked :

Ensure by measurement that there is no parallel current path to the filterCheck up also the possible influence of parallel transformers or generatorsEnsure that the filter is installed in the right location. The neutral conductor from thestar point of the transformer is the recommended place.Check up that the current measurement is right. The CT shall always measure thesum of all neutral and earth currents of the network.Check up the relay setting of the protection unit.Check up that there is no largely dimmer loads.Read mounting instruction 34THF1S

11Low Voltage Products

Installation examples

Transformer

L1 L2 L3 N PE

NL1L2L3

Earthingelectrode

Concrete ironfitting

Water meter

Main switchboard

X

Main earthing busbar

X

-S

THFS

S01

541B

Transformer

L1 L2 L3 PEN

Main switchboard

L1 L2 L3 N PE

L1L2L3PE

N

-S

-V

Earthing electrode

Concreteiron fitting

Water meter

Distribution switchboard

Main earthing busbar

-V

L1L2L3

N

-S

Earthing busbarof transformer station

THF

THFS/THF

THFS

Distribution swtichboard

1)

S01

543B

L1L2 L3 N PE

Main switchboard

L1 L2 L3 N PE

L1L2L3PE

N

-S

-V-V

L1L2L3

N

-S

S01

542B

THF1)

THFS/THF

THFS

Transformer

Earthing electrode

Concreteiron fitting

Water meter

Distribution switchboard

Main earthing busbarEarthing busbarof transformer station Distribution swtichboard

TN-C-S systemAlternative installation exampleswhen using THFstar with protectionunit(_S) or THF with guard unit(_V).

TN-S systemAlternative installation examplewhen using THFstar with protectionunit(_S) or THF with guardunit(_V).

TN-S-system, where the originalcabling to the transformer starpoint need to be displaced tofundamentally same position inthe N-conductor of the mainswitchboard.THFstar installation.

1) In this installation model, thecurrent transformer need tomeasure both N- and PE-current,unless additional guard unit is used.

S01

549A PE

N THFS

ABB OyLow Voltage ProductsP.O. Box 622FIN-65101 VAASA, FinlandTelephone +358 10 22 11Telefax +358 10 22 45708www.abb.com/lvswitches

The technical data and dimensions are valid at thetime of printing. We reserve the right to subsequentalterations. B

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TH

FS

1GB

03_

041S

CC

3300

03C

0201

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The operations of the manufacturing plant have been certified.