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LSM1301 Lecture 1 Slides
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GENERALBIOLOGY
LSM1301LSM1301
Semester1200910
LecturersLecturers
SeowTeckKeong S1A0227,DeptofBiologicalSciences, p g Email:[email protected]: 65162695 Tel:65162695
TanSwee Hee S60301,DeptofBiologicalSciences Email: sweehee@nus edu sgE mail:[email protected] Tel:65162875
LSM1301 2Semester1200910
Module ParticularsModuleParticulars
Prerequisites None
PreclusionsM h d GCE A L l H2 Bi lMustnothavereadGCEALevelorH2Biology,orequivalents
CannotbereadconcurrentlywithLSM1101,LSM1102,LSM1103,LSM1201,andLSM1202
LSM1301 3Semester1200910
LecturesLectures
d dGroupSL1 Wednesday 14001600LT25
GroupSL2 Friday 12001400
Webcasting Recorded,notliveeco ded, ot e PublishedonIVLEAudio podcast file in mp3 format Audiopodcastfileinmp3format
Mainpurpose reviewandrevision Onlyprojectedimagesandvoicecaptured Livedemonstrationswillnotbecapturedp
LSM1301 4Semester1200910
LecturesLectures
iLecture Topic GroupSL1 GroupSL2
1 ScienceofBiology 12August2009 14August2009
2 Chemistry of Life 19 August 2009 21 August 20092 ChemistryofLife 19August2009 21August2009
3 CellStructureandFunction 26August2009 28August2009
4 EnergyandLife 2September2009 4September2009
5 DNAandHeredity 9September2009 11September2009
6 GeneExpression 16September2009 18September2009
7 Biotechnology 30September2009 2October2009
8 Biodiversity 7October2009 9October2009
9 Plant Form and Function 14 October 2009 16 October 20099 PlantFormandFunction 14October2009 16October2009
10 AnimalFormandFunction 21October2009 23October2009
11 Ecology 28October2009 30October2009
12 Evolution 4November2009 6November2009
LSM1301 5Semester1200910
Open Laboratory SessionsOpenLaboratorySessions
Wednesday
GroupW1 10001200
LifeSciencesTeachingLaboratory4Block S1A Level 4 #0403
GroupW2 12001400
Group W3 14001600 BlockS1A,Level4,#04 03GroupW3 1400 1600
GroupW4 16001800
GroupT1 10001200
ThursdayGroupT2 12001400
GroupT3 14001600
GroupT4 16001800
GroupF1 10001200
Group F2 12001400Friday
GroupF2 12001400
GroupF3 14001600
GroupF4 16001800
LSM1301 6Semester1200910
Open Laboratory SessionsOpenLaboratorySessions
TopicsGroups
W1,W2,W3,W4 T1,T2,T3,T4 F1,F2,F3,F4
Microscopy 9 September 2009 10 September 2009 11 September 2009Microscopy(Assignment2)
9September2009(Wednesday)
10September2009(Thursday)
11September2009(Friday)
LivingCells 16September 2009 17September2009 18 September2009g(Assignment3)
p(Wednesday)
p(Thursday)
p(Friday)
Respiration(A i t 4)
30September2009(W d d )
1October2009(Th d )
2October2009(F id )(Assignment4) (Wednesday) (Thursday) (Friday)
DNAandRNA(Assignment 5)
21October2009(Wednesday)
22October2009(Thursday)
23October2009(Friday)(Assignment5) (Wednesday) (Thursday) (Friday)
Carnivory(Assignment6)
28October2009(Wednesday)
29October2009(Thursday)
30October2009(Friday)
LSM1301 7Semester1200910
Museum VisitMuseumVisit
Dates12 16October2009(M d t F id )(Monday toFriday)
RafflesMuseumofBiodiversityResearch
Location BlockS6,Level3DepartmentofBiologicalSciences
FacultyofScience
OpeningHours
09001700onMondaystoFridays(ClosedonSaturdays,Sundays,
andPublicHolidays)
Website http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/
LSM1301 8Semester1200910
AssessmentAssessment
ContinualAssessment(40%) Openlaboratorysessionsp y AssignmentsMuseum visitMuseumvisit
FinalExamination(60%) Openbookexamination 60 multiplechoice questions60multiple choicequestions 26Nov2009(Thursday),17001900
LSM1301 9Semester1200910
Recommended TextsRecommendedTexts
i l Biology SylviaS.Mader 10thEdition(2010) McGrawHillHigherEducation
Biology:TheUnityandDiversityofLife 12thEdition(2006) Cecie Starr,RalphTaggart,ChristineEvers,andLisaStarr
ThomsonBrooks/Cole
LSM1301 10Semester1200910
Recommended TextsRecommendedTexts
Biology:ConceptsandInvestigations Marielle Hoefnagels 1stEdition(2009) McGrawHill Higher EducationMcGraw HillHigherEducation
Biology:LifeonEarthwithPhysiology8th Editi (2008) 8thEdition(2008)
TeresaAudesirk,GeraldAudesirk,andB E BBruceE.Byers
PearsonPrenticeHall
LSM1301 11Semester1200910
Learning OutcomesLearningOutcomes
bj Subjectmatter Acquisition lectures,assignments Application lectures,assignments
Life skillsLifeskills Communication assignmentsThinking assignments Thinking assignments
Societalvalues Responsibility assignments Integrity assignments
LSM1301 12Semester1200910
Subject MatterSubjectMatter
Conceptoflifefunctions fromcellstotissuestoorganstosystemsg y
BasicterminologiesandconceptsDi i f lif f h j Diversityoflife someofthemajordevelopmentsandadaptationsinlifeforms
Relatingknowledgeacquiredtoeverydaylifecommon day controversies between sciencecommondaycontroversiesbetweenscienceandsociety
LSM1301 13Semester1200910
LSM1301 14Semester1200910
http://emodule.nus.edu.sg/acp // g/
LSM1301 15Semester1200910
PlagiarismPlagiarism
Studentswithsimilaranswers Toeachother ToothersourcesAll ff AlloffencesMustbereportedtoHeadofDepartment Investigativeinterviewwillbeconducted Penalty to be meted out based on outcome ofPenaltytobemetedoutbasedonoutcomeofinterview
LSM1301 16Semester1200910
PlagiarismPlagiarism
Keypointstonote Assignmentsareindividualpiecesofworkg p RephraseandreconstructanswersCite sources of reference Citesourcesofreference
DiscussionsoverInternetChattendtoresultini ilsimilaranswers
Thosewhocopiedandthosewhowerecopiedfromareequallyliabletobepenalised
LSM1301 17Semester1200910
IVLE Web PortalIVLEWebPortal
URL http://ivle.nus.edu.sg
Moduleparticulars Objectives, schedule, syllabus, lecturers, texts, etcObjectives,schedule,syllabus,lecturers,texts,etc
AnnouncementsL t t d t d h Latestupdatesandchanges
OptiontosignupforSMSnotification GradebookMarksofassignments(includingremarks,ifany)g ( g y)
LSM1301 18Semester1200910
IVLE Web PortalIVLEWebPortal
Workbin Downloadingoflecturenotesandassignmentsg g UploadingofcompletedassignmentsF Forum Commentsandquestionsonmoduleandsubjectmatter
Chat roomChatroom Onlinequestionandanswersessions
LSM1301 19Semester1200910
IVLE Web PortalIVLEWebPortal
Assessment Onlinereviewandselfpracticequestionsp q GradesdonotcountM lti di Multimedia Animationsandwebcasts
LessonplanDetails of lectures open laboratory sessions Detailsoflectures,openlaboratorysessions,museumvisit,andfinalexamination
LSM1301 20Semester1200910
Important NotesImportantNotes
Emails SubjectmustincludeLSM1301j Ifnot,mayendupinSpamfolderFor questions specific to individual Forquestionsspecifictoindividual
Forum Forquestionsrelatedtomoduleandsubjectmatter
Responseonlyafterdiscussionsbetweenstudents
LSM1301 21Semester1200910
Important NotesImportantNotes
Assignments SubmissionstoIVLEonlyy DonotemailassignmentscriptsDo not submit hardcopy of assignment scripts Donotsubmithardcopyofassignmentscripts
Latesubmissionsallowedfor1dayafterfirstd dli b bj d % ldeadlinebutsubjectedto50%penalty
Studentsresponsibilitytoensurethattherewouldbenoplagiarism
LSM1301 22Semester1200910
What is Life?WhatisLife?
OxfordEnglishDictionary The condition or attribute of living or being alive;f g g ;animate existence. Opposed to death.
Characteristics of living things Characteristicsoflivingthings Complexandorganised Requireenergy Respondtoenvironmentp ReproduceandgrowAdapt to change Adapttochange
LSM1301 23Semester1200910
Complex and OrganisedComplexandOrganised
Organisedinhierarchicalmanner Each higher levelEachhigherlevelMorecomplexthanprecedinglevelM h h f i f diMorethanthesumofpropertiesofprecedinglevel
Emergentproperties Interactions between components of precedingInteractionsbetweencomponentsofprecedinglevelgiverisetonewproperties
LSM1301 24Semester1200910
ComplexandOrganised
LSM1301 25Semester1200910
Complex and OrganisedComplexandOrganised
LSM1301 26Semester1200910
Complex and OrganisedComplexandOrganised
Kingdoms Archaea kingdomsstillbeingworkedoutg g Bacteria kingdomsstillbeingworkedoutEukarya Eukarya KingdomProtistaKi d F i KingdomFungi KingdomPlantae
d l KingdomAnimalia
LSM1301 27Semester1200910
Complex and OrganisedComplexandOrganised
LSM1301 28Semester1200910
Complex and OrganisedComplexandOrganised
LSM1301 29Semester1200910
LSM1301 30Semester1200910
Complex and OrganisedComplexandOrganised
LSM1301 31Semester1200910
Require EnergyRequireEnergy
Autotrophs Selffeeders,producers, p Photosynthesis capturelight energy to make foodlightenergytomakefood
Heterotrophs Otherfeeders,consumers Acquireenergyfoundinq gymoleculesofotherorganismsg
LSM1301 32Semester1200910
Respond to EnvironmentRespondtoEnvironment
Changesinenvironments Sensedbyorganismsy gMakeresponsestochangesE i t Environments Internal temperature,waterlevel,bloodsugarlevel,etc.
External food,water,taste,light,sound,etc., , , g , ,
LSM1301 33Semester1200910
Respond to EnvironmentRespondtoEnvironment
Homeostasis To stay the same inGreekyMaintenanceofrelativelyconstantinternalenvironmentenvironment
Animals Temperature,thirst,hunger,spermproduction
PlantsPlants Directionofgrowth(towardslightsource)
LSM1301 34Semester1200910
Reproduce and GrowReproduceandGrow
Reproduction Resultsinoffspringofsametypetomaintainp g yppopulation
Transmission of genetic material to offspring toTransmissionofgeneticmaterialtooffspringtoensurecontinuityoflife
G th GrowthMulticellular organismsproducemorecells Unicellularorganismsenlargecellsanddividetomakemoreindividuals
LSM1301 35Semester1200910
Adapt to ChangeAdapttoChange
d i Adaptations Modificationsincharacteristicsorbehavioursthat
k i it d t i i tmakesanorganismmoresuitedtogivenenvironment
Naturalselection Individualswithinheritedadaptationsthatpromotesurvivalandreproductionwillmakeupmoreofthepopulation over timepopulationovertime
EvolutionCh i i k f l i l Changeingeneticmakeupofapopulationoverlongperiodsoftime
LSM1301 36Semester1200910
Adapt to ChangeAdapttoChange
Whenenvironmentchanges Differentcombinationsofadaptationsmaybebetter
Diversity Arise from different types of adaptations to different Arisefromdifferenttypesofadaptationstodifferentenvironments
At basic level Atbasiclevel Allorganismsareverysimilar Suggestslivingthingsdescendedfromcommonancestor
LSM1301 37Semester1200910
What is Science?WhatisScience?
Science Askingquestionsaboutnaturalworldaroundusg q
BiologyS i ifi d f lif ki i b lif Scientificstudyoflife,askingquestionsaboutlife
Scientificmethod GeneralframeworkusedtoanswerquestionsRigorous process of organising investigation to Rigorousprocessoforganisinginvestigationtoconsiderideasandevidenceinrepeatablemanner
LSM1301 38Semester1200910
Scientific MethodScientificMethod
Basedonsetofassumptionsorprinciples Naturalcausalityy Alleventscanbeattributedtonaturalcauses Explanations do not invoke supernaturalExplanationsdonotinvokesupernatural
Uniformityinspaceandtime Natural laws apply at all places and all times Naturallawsapplyatallplacesandalltimes
Similarperceptionl l l Peopleperceivenaturaleventsinsimilarways
Observationsofotherhumansacceptedasreliable
LSM1301 39Semester1200910
ScientificM th dMethod
LSM1301 40Semester1200910
Scientific MethodScientificMethod
ObservationMakeobservationofaphenomenoneitherwithpsensesorinstruments May be historical incidents or accidentsMaybehistoricalincidentsoraccidents Maybeexistingknowledgeandexperimentalresults May be mental connections among previouslyMaybementalconnectionsamongpreviouslyunrelatedobservations
Leads to development of questionsLeadstodevelopmentofquestions Focusonasingleanswerablequestion
LSM1301 41Semester1200910
Scientific MethodScientificMethod
Hypothesis Tentativeexplanationforobservedphenomenonp p Typicallyintheformofif/thenpredictionsMust be testable by experimentsMustbetestablebyexperiments
Ifhypothesisincorrect,experimentswoulddi h h idisprovehypothesis
LSM1301 42Semester1200910
Scientific MethodScientificMethod
Experiment Testandchallengehypothesis,underknownandg yp ,controlledconditions
Each experiment tests a single variableEachexperimenttestsasinglevariable MustruleoutinfluenceofotherpossiblevariablesControl group Controlgroup Versionofexperimentwithoutvariablebeingtested
Samplesize Largernumbertestedgivesmoremeaningfulresults
LSM1301 43Semester1200910
LSM1301 44Semester1200910
Scientific MethodScientificMethod
C l i Conclusion Evaluationofhypothesisinlightofexperimental
ltresults Resultsareanalysedandinterpretedforconclusionsto be drawntobedrawn
Ifhypothesisdisproved Experiments to be redesigned Experimentstoberedesigned
Ifhypothesissupported Conclusion must remain tentativeConclusionmustremaintentative Cannotbeproventruewith100%certainty Canneverbesurealluntestedvariablesarecontrolled
LSM1301 45Semester1200910
Scientific TheoryScientificTheory
C h i l i f l Comprehensiveexplanationfornaturalphenomenon Hypothesisorgroupofrelatedhypotheses Haswithstoodrigorousandextensiveexperimentalt titesting
Hasnotyetbeenfoundincorrectf l h Neverpermanentorfinaltruth
Alwaysprovisionalandsubjecttochange Maybemodifiedorreplacedwhencompellingevidencearises
LSM1301 46Semester1200910
Limitations of ScienceLimitationsofScience
S i ifi h d f l f Scientificmethodnotfoolprooforeasytoimplement Experimentalresultsmayleadtodifferentconclusions Themostcarefullydesignedexperimentcanfailto
id d fi itiprovidedefinitiveanswer
Cannotprovideanswerstosubjectivequestions Moral,aesthetic,orphilosophicalstandards
Mayresultinconflictwithotherformsofknowledge Copernicus,Darwin
LSM1301 47Semester1200910
Reference TextsReferenceTexts
Chapter1 Chapter1 Chapter1 Chapter1
LSM1301 48Semester1200910