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rpwpyq;fhtpd;...rpwpyq;fhtpd;...

Mtzp-Gul;lhjp> 2007

0404

0909

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0808

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0303

rpq;fsg; gilfs; Muk;gpj;Js;s

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thjf; fl;rpfs; kl;Lky;y If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpAk; Mjutspg;gjhfg;

gfpuq;fkhf mwptpj;Js;sJ.

(02Mk; gf;fk; ghh;f;f)

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0202020202 Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007

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0303030303

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0404040404 Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007

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jd;idj; jahh;g;gLj;jpf;

nfhz;lJ. mg;NghJ

Aj;jfskhf ,Ue;j

td;dpg;ngUepyg;gug;G

Nghh;r;rd;djk; nfhz;L

epd;wJ. Aj;jk; tpLjiyg;

GypfspDilajhf ,Uf;f

tpy;iy. td;dpapd; xt;nthU

[PtdpDilajhfTk; Nghh;

cUkhwpapUe;jJ. ,jd;

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nfhz;lJ. mg;NghJ Aj;jfskhf ,Ue;j td;dpg;ngUepyg;gug;G

Nghh;r; rd;djk;nfhz;L epd;wJ. Aj;jk; tpLjiyg; Gypfsp

Dilajhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. td;dpapd; xt;nthU [PtdpDila

jhfTk; Nghh; cUkhwpapUe;jJ.

Nghh; kf;fs; kag;gLk; NghJ vOfpd;w mw;Gj

Mw;wyhy; td;dpkz; kPJ md;iwa rpwpyq;fh njhLj;j Nghh;

Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lJ. rpwpyq;fhtpd; gilj;Jiw ,ae;jpuNk rh;t

ehrkhfpaJ. rpwpyq;fh jug;G vLj;j Kaw;rpf;F jkpoh;fspd;

kWj;jhd; nfhLj;j tpisT ,J. jkpodpd; ths; vd;Wkpy;yh

$h;ikAlDk;> epkph;TlDk; tpsq;fpaJ.

gyKs;sjhf ,Ue;jJ.

rpq;fsj;jug;gpd; thNsh

Kd;ndg;NghJk;

,y;yhjsT $h; kOq;fp

epkpuj; ijupak; mw;W

Aj;jj;ij rpq;fs kf;fs;

kag;gLj;JtJ Aj;jj;jpd; ntw;

wpf;F ,d;wpaikahjnjd mth;

fz;L nfhz;lhh;. mt;thNw

Aj;jj;jpd; ntw;wpia murpay;

mWtilahf;fpf; nfhs;s

Ntz;Lkhapd; Aj;jk; kf;fs;

kag;gl Ntz;baJ mtrpa

nkd;gijAk; mth; Gupe;J

nfhz;lhh;.

F.ftpaofd;

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0505050505Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007

ahd fz;ldq;fis vr;rhpf;iffis

kfpe ;j muR Gwe;js;spdhYk;>

rh;tNjrj;jplkpUe;J fpilf;Fk;

nghUz;kpa cjtpfs; jilg;gLk;

NghJ mijj; jhq;fKbahJ rpq;fsk;

jpzWfpd;wJ.

rp;q;fs murpd; Nghh;r;nryT>

,g;NghJ ngUnkLg;gpy; mjpfhpj;J

tpl;lJ. etPdfukhd MAj jsghlq;

fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjpy; kfpe;j

muR Mh;tk; fhl;btUfpd;wJ.

jdJ thd;gilf;fhd Nghh;

tpkhdq;fisf; n;fhs;tdT nra;

tjpy; ngUe;njhif epjpia xJf;f

Ntz;baepiyapy; kfpe;j muR

cs;sJ. ,JNghd;W jdJ jiug;

gilapd; efh;thw;wiy Nkk;gLj;j

ntd lhq;fpfs; - Ml;ywpfs; cl;gl

kuGg;Nghh; MAjq;fisAk; rpq;fs

muR thq;fpf; Ftpj;JtUfpd;wJ.

jdJ Ml;gyj;ijAk; rpq;

fsj;jpd; Kg;gilfSk; mjpfhpj;J

tUfpd;wd. ,e;j epiyapy; mjpfhpj;j

,uhZtr; nryTfis <Lfl;l cyf

ehLfspd; cjtp epjptsq;fisNa

rpq;fs muR ek;gpapUf;fpd;wJ.

Mdhy;> rpq;fsk; vjph;ghh;f;

Fk; ,e;j cjtpepjpfis thhp

toq;Fk; epiyapy; cyf ehLfs;

,y;iy vd;w nra;jp rpq;fs murpw;F

czh;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,q;fpyhe;J - N[h;kdp cl;gl

INuhg;gpa xd;wpa ehLfs; rpq;fsj;

jpw;fhd cjtpepjpfis Klf;fp

kfpe;j murpw;F mjph;r;rp itj;jpak;

mopj;J tUfpd;wd. NghUf;nfd epjp

Ajtpaspf;f mnkhpf;fh cl;gl NkYk;

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kjpf;fhky; kfpe;j murpw;F fld;

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gazk; NghfNtz;lhk; vd;W gy;

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Nfl;Ls;sd.

mz;ikapy; ,yq;if te;J

nrd;w I.eh.tpd; kdpj chpikfs;

tptfhuq;fSf;fhd gpujpr; nrayh;

N[hd;]; Nfhy;k;]; mth;fs; nfhOk;

gpy; ntspapl;l mwpf;ifAk; rpq;fsj;

jpd; ew;ngaiuAk; rpijj;J tpl;l

Jld;> cyfehLfspd; cjtpfis

Ak; jLj;Js;sJ.

#lhDf;F mLj;jjhf cjtp

toq;Fk; epWtdq;fs; nraw;gl

Kbahj ehlhf ,yq;ifNa cs;sJ

tUq;fhyj;jpy; Fiwf;fyhk; vd;W

rpq;fs Ma;thsh;fNs kfpe;j muir

vr;rhpf;if nra;fpd;wdh;.

fpof;ifr; rpq;fsg; gilfs;

Mf;fpukpj;j gpd;dh; mq;Nf mgptpUj;

jpf;nfd;W $wpf;nfhz;L cyf

ehLfsplkpUe;J fzprkhd epjp

cjtpfis kfpe;j muR ngw;W

tUfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> mgptpUj;jp epjp

fis> jdJ ,uhZtr; nryTfis

<Lfl ;l jpirjpUg ;g p tUtJ

rpq;fsj;jpd; toikahf cs;sJ.

rpq;fs muirg; nghWj;js

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gilapy; Nghiu elhj;j mjdhy;

KbahJ. ,uty; epjpg;gyj;jpNyNa

,Jtiu fhyKk; jq;fpepd;W jkpo

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sh;fs; elhj;jptUfpd;wdh;. ,Jtiu

fhyKk; cjtptoq;Fk; cyf ehL

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muirf; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fhky; cjtp

e pj pfis ms;s pf ;nfhLj ;Jf ;

nfhz;bUe;jdh;.

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fPohf khwptpl;lJ. jkpohpd; ,dg;

gpur;rpidia murpay; topapy;

jPh;f;fKidahky; ,uhZt topapy;

rpq;fs Ml;rpahsh;fs; mZfptUt

jhy; ngUksT kdpj caph;fSk;

mopfpd;wd. ngUk; nghUz;kpa

tPz;tpuaKk; eilngWfpd;wJ.

rpq;fsg; gilfspd; kdpj

chpik kPwy;fs; vy;iyfle;J

nry;fpd;wd. mtw;iwj; jl;bf;Nfl;f

Kw;gLk; cyf mikg;Gf;fSk; uh[

je;jphpfSk; rpq;fs murhy; tir

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nfl;LtUfpd;wJ. epjp cjtpfSk;

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fSk; mjpfhpj;JtUfpd;wd.

vd;W gpufldg;gLj;jpAs;shh;.

,g;NghJ rpq;fs murpw;F

[g;ghd; - rPdh cl;gl rpy ehLfs;

,uhZt cjtpfisAk; epjp cjtp

fisAk; toq;fptUfpd;wd.

Ma pDk ; > cyfsht pa

,t;tpjk; murpay; hPjpahfTk;

- nghUz;kpa uPjpahfTk; kfpe;j muR

re ;j pj ;JtUk; neUf ;fbfshy ;

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fpd;wJ. ,e;j Ml;rpg; gytPdk; mjd;

gilfsJ csTuizAk; ghjpj;J

tUfpd;wJ. etPduf MAjq;fisg;

gilapdUf;Fg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jhYk;

mtw;iwj; jhf;fKWk;tifapy;

gad;gLj;Jk; csTuz; ,d;ikahy;

rpq ;fsj;jpd; NghhpLk; jpwDk;

ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

td;dp Kd;duq ;Ffspy ;

mz;ikf ;fhykhf eilngWk ;

rz;ilfspd; tpisTfs; Nkw;Fwpj;j

fUj;ij MNkhjpf;Fk; tifapNyNa

cs;sd.

nghUz;kpa hPjpapy; kfpe;j

muR re;jpf;fj;njhlq;fpAs;s neUf;

fbfs; mjd; Nghh; ,ae;jpuj;ijg;

ghjpf;fj;jhd; Nghfpd;wJ. ,dptUk;

fhyj;jpy; rpq;fs muR re;jpj;j

nghUz;kpa neUf;fbfspd; tpisT

fis ,yq;ifj; jPtpd; kf;fs;

fz;Lzuj;jhd; Nghfpd;wdh;.

rpq;fsg; gilfspd; kdpj chpik kPwy;fs;rpq;fsg; gilfspd; kdpj chpik kPwy;fs;rpq;fsg; gilfspd; kdpj chpik kPwy;fs;rpq;fsg; gilfspd; kdpj chpik kPwy;fs;rpq;fsg; gilfspd; kdpj chpik kPwy;fs;

vy;iyfle;J nry;fpd;wd. mtw;iwj; jl;bf;Nfl;f Kw;gLk;vy;iyfle;J nry;fpd;wd. mtw;iwj; jl;bf;Nfl;f Kw;gLk;vy;iyfle;J nry;fpd;wd. mtw;iwj; jl;bf;Nfl;f Kw;gLk;vy;iyfle;J nry;fpd;wd. mtw;iwj; jl;bf;Nfl;f Kw;gLk;vy;iyfle;J nry;fpd;wd. mtw;iwj; jl;bf;Nfl;f Kw;gLk;

cyf mikg;Gf;fSk; uh[je;jphpfSk; rpq;fs murhy;cyf mikg;Gf;fSk; uh[je;jphpfSk; rpq;fs murhy;cyf mikg;Gf;fSk; uh[je;jphpfSk; rpq;fs murhy;cyf mikg;Gf;fSk; uh[je;jphpfSk; rpq;fs murhy;cyf mikg;Gf;fSk; uh[je;jphpfSk; rpq;fs murhy;

tirghlg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,it fhuzkhf ehSf;F ehs;tirghlg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,it fhuzkhf ehSf;F ehs;tirghlg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,it fhuzkhf ehSf;F ehs;tirghlg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,it fhuzkhf ehSf;F ehs;tirghlg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,it fhuzkhf ehSf;F ehs;

rpq;fsj;jpd; ew;ngah; nfl;LtUfpd;wJ. epjp cjtpfSk;rpq;fsj;jpd; ew;ngah; nfl;LtUfpd;wJ. epjp cjtpfSk;rpq;fsj;jpd; ew;ngah; nfl;LtUfpd;wJ. epjp cjtpfSk;rpq;fsj;jpd; ew;ngah; nfl;LtUfpd;wJ. epjp cjtpfSk;rpq;fsj;jpd; ew;ngah; nfl;LtUfpd;wJ. epjp cjtpfSk;

Fiwe;JtUfpd;wd. rh;tNjr ehLfspd; fz;ldq;fSk; -Fiwe;JtUfpd;wd. rh;tNjr ehLfspd; fz;ldq;fSk; -Fiwe;JtUfpd;wd. rh;tNjr ehLfspd; fz;ldq;fSk; -Fiwe;JtUfpd;wd. rh;tNjr ehLfspd; fz;ldq;fSk; -Fiwe;JtUfpd;wd. rh;tNjr ehLfspd; fz;ldq;fSk; -

vr;rhpf;iffSk; mjpfhpj;JtUfpd;wd.vr;rhpf;iffSk; mjpfhpj;JtUfpd;wd.vr;rhpf;iffSk; mjpfhpj;JtUfpd;wd.vr;rhpf;iffSk; mjpfhpj;JtUfpd;wd.vr;rhpf;iffSk; mjpfhpj;JtUfpd;wd.

fpe ;j mur pw ;nfjpuhf

mz;ikf;fhykhf mjp

fhpj;J tUk; rh;tNjr

mjpUg;jp rpq;fs muirg; gytif

fspYk; ghjpf;fj; njhlq;fpAs;sJ.

murpw;nfjpuhd murpay;uPjp

eltbf;ifahy; me;j Kaw;rpAk;

if$lhky; NghFk; epiy vOe;

Js;sJ. If;fpaNjrpaf; fl;rpAk;

mjd; jiyth; uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;fh

Tk; kfpe;j murpw;F Fwpj;j epjp

epWtdq;fs; fldhf epjp toq;ff;

hPjpapy; rpq;fs murpw;F vjpuhf mjp

fhpj;JtUk; nfl;l ngah; fhuzkhf

,yq;iff;F cjtp toq;Fk; ehL

fSk; nfl;l ehLfs; vd;w tiff;Fs;

cyf kf;fshy; ghh;f;fg;gLk; epiy

cUthfptUfpd;wJ. ,e;j mtg;ngahp

ypUe;J tpLgLtjw;fhf Fwpj;j me;j

ehLfSk; jkJ cjtp epjpfis

murpay; hPjpahfTk; - nghUz;kpa uPjpahfTk; kfpe;jmurpay; hPjpahfTk; - nghUz;kpa uPjpahfTk; kfpe;jmurpay; hPjpahfTk; - nghUz;kpa uPjpahfTk; kfpe;jmurpay; hPjpahfTk; - nghUz;kpa uPjpahfTk; kfpe;jmurpay; hPjpahfTk; - nghUz;kpa uPjpahfTk; kfpe;j

muR re;jpj;JtUk; neUf;fbfshy; rpq;fsmuR gytPdmuR re;jpj;JtUk; neUf;fbfshy; rpq;fsmuR gytPdmuR re;jpj;JtUk; neUf;fbfshy; rpq;fsmuR gytPdmuR re;jpj;JtUk; neUf;fbfshy; rpq;fsmuR gytPdmuR re;jpj;JtUk; neUf;fbfshy; rpq;fsmuR gytPd

kile;JtUfpd;wJ. ,e;j Ml;rpg; gytPdk; mjd; gilfsJkile;JtUfpd;wJ. ,e;j Ml;rpg; gytPdk; mjd; gilfsJkile;JtUfpd;wJ. ,e;j Ml;rpg; gytPdk; mjd; gilfsJkile;JtUfpd;wJ. ,e;j Ml;rpg; gytPdk; mjd; gilfsJkile;JtUfpd;wJ. ,e;j Ml;rpg; gytPdk; mjd; gilfsJ

csTuizAk; ghjpj;JtUfpd;wJ. etPduf MAjq;fisg;csTuizAk; ghjpj;JtUfpd;wJ. etPduf MAjq;fisg;csTuizAk; ghjpj;JtUfpd;wJ. etPduf MAjq;fisg;csTuizAk; ghjpj;JtUfpd;wJ. etPduf MAjq;fisg;csTuizAk; ghjpj;JtUfpd;wJ. etPduf MAjq;fisg;

gilapdUf;Fg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jhYk; mtw;iwj;gilapdUf;Fg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jhYk; mtw;iwj;gilapdUf;Fg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jhYk; mtw;iwj;gilapdUf;Fg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jhYk; mtw;iwj;gilapdUf;Fg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jhYk; mtw;iwj;

jhf;fKWk; tifapy; gad;gLj;Jk; csTuz; ,d;ikahy;jhf;fKWk; tifapy; gad;gLj;Jk; csTuz; ,d;ikahy;jhf;fKWk; tifapy; gad;gLj;Jk; csTuz; ,d;ikahy;jhf;fKWk; tifapy; gad;gLj;Jk; csTuz; ,d;ikahy;jhf;fKWk; tifapy; gad;gLj;Jk; csTuz; ,d;ikahy;

rpq;fsj;jpd; NghhpLk; jpwDk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.rpq;fsj;jpd; NghhpLk; jpwDk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.rpq;fsj;jpd; NghhpLk; jpwDk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.rpq;fsj;jpd; NghhpLk; jpwDk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.rpq;fsj;jpd; NghhpLk; jpwDk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,jdhy; ,uhZtr; nryit <Lfl;l

KidAk; kfpe;j murpd; Kaw;rpAk;

gpRgpRj;J tpl;lJ.

,jdhy;> r%f eyj;jpl;lq;

fSf;F xJf;fg;gl;l epjpfisg; ngU

nkLg;gpy; Fiwf;f kfpe;j muR Kaw;

rpf;fpwJ. ,jdhy;> mur Copah;fs;

kw;Wk; Xa;T+jpaf;fhuh;fspw;fhd

vdpDk>; kfpe;j uh[gf;r

vjph;ghh;f;fhj tifapy; vjph;f;fl;rp

ahd If;fpaNjrpaf; fl;rpapd; vjph;

vy;yhsd;

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Nghuhl;lk; th;zpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,ijr; rpg;gha;f; fytuk;

(MUTINY) vd;W Mq;fpNya Ma;thsh;fs; Fwpg;gpL

thh;fs;. mNj Mq;fpNyah;fs; ,e;jp> cUJ nkhopfspy;

fjhh;(GADAR)vd;W ,e;jg; Nghuhl;lj;ij ngahpl;Ls;sdh;.

mjhtJ ek;gpf;ifj; JNuhfpfs; vd;W mh;j;jk;. ehk;

INuhg;gpa ehfhpfj;ij mth;fSf;F jute;Njhk;. mth;

fs; vk;ikj; jhf;fp tQ;rpj;Jtpl;lhh;fs; vd;gJ fjhh;

vd;w nrhy;ypd; mh;j;jk;;. THE LAST MUGHAL mjhtJ

filrp Kfyha kd;dd; vd;W nghUs;gl mz;ikapy;

ntspte;j E}iy vOjpath; ];nfhl;yhe;Jf;fhuuhd

tpy;ypak; lhyp wpk;gps;(WILLIAM DALY RIMPLE) Mq;fp

Nyah;fs; ,e;jpahTf;F tuKd;Ng GJby;yp Kfyhag;

NguuR kiwe;Jtpl;lJ. kuhl;bah;fs; GJby;ypiaj;

jk;trk; itj;jpUe;jdh;. njd;,e;jpahtpYk; Kfyha

Ml;rp vd;Nwh epd;Wtpl;lJ. Kfyha kd;dh;fspd;

tk;rj;jpduhd rf;futh;j;jp gfJ}h; ~h ]gh; Vo;ik

epiyapy; GJby;ypapd;; xU %iyapy; tho;e;jhh;. mth;

ngUk; cUJ nkhopg; GytUk; $l. ,J Vo;ikf;F

fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,tiu Kd; epWj;jp Mq;fpNyah;

Ml;rpf;nfjpuhd Nghuhl;lk; md;W ele;jJ.

1857,y; Mrpaf;fz;lj;jpd; kpfg;nghpa ,uhZt

khf Mq;fpNyah;fs; ,e;jpa kz;zpy; epWtpa ,e;jpa

,uhZtk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. mjpy; ,e;J> K];ypk;> rPf;fpah;;>

uh[Gj;jpuh; vd gy ,dj;jth; ,Ue;jdh;. rhpahf 150

tUlq;fSf;FKd; ntbj;j ,e;jg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; 130>000

,e;jpag; gilapdh; Mq;fpNyah;fSf;F vjpuhff;

fpsh;e;njOe;jdh;. ,e;J> K];ypk;> rPf;fpag;gilfs;

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(1. IMPERIAL RECKONING - THE UNTOLD STORY OF BRITAIN’SGULAG IN KENYA BY CAROLINE ELKINS. PUBLISHED BYHENRY HOLT. 2. HISTORIES OF THE HANGED: THE DIRTY WARIN KENYA AND THE END OF EMPIRE BY DAVID ANDERSON.

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