LUCAN BLAGA” UNVERSTY of BU - Acasăinginerie.ulbsibiu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/LVI.pdf · *** „Lucian Blaga” State University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Emil Cioran no. 4, phone:+40269212716;

“LUC�AN BLAGA” UN�VERS�TY of S�B�U

ACTA UN�VERS�TAT�S CIBINIENSIS

Vol. LVI

Technical series

Sibiu, 2008

“LUCiAN BLAGA” UNiVERSiTY of SiBiU

ACTA UNiVERSiTATiS

CIBINIENSIS

Vol. LVI

ISSN 1583-7149

Technical series

Sibiu, 2008

Editorial Board: Valentin PETRESCU – Assoc. Prof., Ph.D., Vice-Dean of the "Hermann Oberth" Faculty of Engineering Toderi�a NEME� – Prof., Ph.D., Materials Science and Technology Department Marius BIBU – Materials Science and Technology Department Editorial Assistants: Cristian DEAC - Materials Science and Technology Department Florian POPESCU - Materials Science and Technology Department Alina GLIGOR - Materials Science and Technology Department Rodica CIUDIN - Materials Science and Technology Department Advisory Board (reviewers): - Jakub SIEMEK - Prof, Ph.D., AGH - University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland - Gheorghe AMZA - Prof., Ph.D., "Politehnica" University of Bucharest, Romania - Laz�r AVRAM - Prof., Ph.D., “Oil-Gas” University of Ploie�ti, Romania - Valeriu DEAC - Prof., Ph.D., “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Romania ISSN 1583-7149 Address for correspondence: “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu "Hermann Oberth" Faculty of Engineering Materials Science and Technology Department Emil Cioran str. no. 4 550025 Sibiu, ROMANIA E-mail: [email protected]

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CONTENTS 1. Marius BIBU, Alina GLIGOR Research Referring to Plasma Nitriding of some Construction Alloy Steels …………..…..…7 2. Cristian DEAC, Cristina BIRI� Variation of Microstructure-Related Features in Mild Steels as a Result of Applying Laser Cutting Operations with Different Processing Parameters.............................................13 3. Cristian DEAC, Melania TERA Considerations on the Introduction of Combined Parameters for Improving the Suitability Assessment of Materials in Various Processing Situations…………………………………..17 4. Claudiu ISARIE Laser Sintering of Ceramic and Metallic Mixed Powders........................................................21

5. Toderi�a NEME�, Florian POPESCU, Rodica CIUDIN Researches Regarding the Processing Optimisation of Lead-Copper Ashes ………………...25 6. Ion FOIDA�, Gheorghe RADU, Emilia �TEF�NESCU View on Impact of Natural Gas Reservoir Exploitation on The Environment……………….29 7. Lucia HLAVÁ�OVÁ, Stanislav JACKO, Ján PINKA, Juraj JANO�KO Evaluation of Geothermal Potential in the Rural Area of Kosice Town, Slovakia……..…....37 8. Stanislaw NAGY, Jakub SIEMEK Underground Gas Storages in Abandoned Coal Mines – Upper Silesian Coal Mines Analysis………………………………………………………………………………..43 9. Florian POPESCU, Valentin PETRESCU Natural Gas Leak Detection by Laser Technology………………………………………….. 51 10. Dan-Paul �TEF�NESCU, Argentina T�TARU, Ana-Maria POPA Upgrading the Natural Gas Metering Systems for the Implementation of the Network Code…...55 11. Adina GRECU The Influence of Industrial Pollution in the Area Of Copsa Mica………………………………61 12. Radu REFF Several Approaches to the Entropy Law………………………………...……………………67

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13. Rodica CIUDIN, Constantin OPREAN, Valentin PETRESCU, Victor NEDERI�� Globalization of Engineering Education - The Need for Accreditation Processes….....…..…71 14. Florian POPESCU, Valentin PETRESCU, Marius BIBU Tele-Education, Steps to Educational Progress for Distance Education..................................75 15. Valentin PETRESCU, Rodica CIUDIN, Toderi�a NEME�, Victor NEDERI��, Alina GLIGOR Entrepreneurship Education - The Role of the Universities in the Knowledge Economy..............81 Index of Authors…………………………………………………..………………………...85

RESEARCH REFERRING TO PLASMA NITRIDING

OF SOME CONSTRUCTION ALLOY STEELS

Marius BIBU*, Alina GLIGOR**

* "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Romania, Engineering Faculty, Emil Cioran st. no. 4, 550025 Sibiu,

Phone +40-269-217928, Fax +40-269-212716, e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Due to the many technical-economical advantages it offers, compared with classic processes of thermal

treatments, ionic nitriding considerably enlarged its range of industrial applications in what concerns the metallic

materials, the type, form and destination of parts. The purpose of using plasma nitriding is to provide the most

advantageous conditions of parts machinability and reliability, by modifying its chemical composition, the structure

and internal induced stress. Nitrogen diffusion in the basis material crystal lattice forms in the parts superficial layer

compounds that determine a resistant increase of wear, corrosion and improvement of tribological properties. The

paper presents the studies and experimental researches regarding the kinetic of forming and hardness of layers

obtained after ionic nitriding thermochemical treatment of wide range alloy steel, for heat treatment, for machine

building industry, such as: 39MoAlCr15, 42MoCr11, 18MnCr11 and 40Cr10.

Key words: Laser beam-sintering, Laser generating, Powder mixtures.

VARIATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE-RELATED FEATURES IN

MILD STEELS AS A RESULT OF APPLYING LASER CUTTING

OPERATIONS WITH DIFFERENT PROCESSING PARAMETERS

Cristian DEAC*, Cristina BIRIŞ**


Phone +40-269-217928, Fax +40-269-212716, e-mail [email protected]

** "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Romania, Engineering Faculty, Emil Cioran st. no. 4, 550025 Sibiu,


Abstract: Laser cutting and, in general, energy beam based cutting procedures have experienced a real boom in

development over the past few years, due to their advantages over the classical mechanical cutting procedures. This

paper analyses the effect of laser cutting on the microstructural features (grain type, size and shape, but also

microhardness) of the cut material.

Key words: laser cutting, microstructure, microhardness

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE INTRODUCTION OF COMBINED

PARAMETERS FOR IMPROVING THE SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT

OF MATERIALS IN VARIOUS PROCESSING SITUATIONS

Cristian DEAC*, Melania TERA**



** "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Romania, Engineering Faculty, Emil Cioran st. no. 4, 550025 Sibiu,


Abstract: Nowadays, the technological and scientific development has led to the availability on the market of a

huge variety of materials. This situation is creating increasing problems for people trying to determine which

material is best for a given technological task. Therefore, the current paper presents an analysis of the need to

introduce specific indices to describe the overall suitability of a material for the processing through one or several

technological steps. Furthermore, two examples of such indices are given, one related to the casting of small-size

parts for usage in dental prosthetics and one related to the case of materials that are subjected to both welding and

deep-drawing.

Key words: suitability parameter, castability, formability, weldability

LASER SINTERING OF CERAMIC AND METALLIC

MIXED POWDERS

Claudiu ISARIE*


Phone +40-269-217928, Fax +40-269-212716, e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Selective laser sintering is an additive rapid manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser

(for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of plastic, metal, or ceramic powders into a mass

representing a desired 3-dimensional object. Higher powered (>50W) lasers can be used to sinter powders

directly without the need for a polymer binder. Al2O3 - B2O3 composites and WC-Co powder mixtures have

been made by this technique, but the density was only 70% theoretical and post treatment sintering was still

needed. In addition to quality and cost, time to market is becoming an increasingly important factor in a

product's success. A major contributor to product development cycles is the time needed to produce

prototypes. Further, in markets where customers are demanding individually tailored components, the cost

and time to produce tools or moulds can be considerable.

Key words: Laser beam-sintering, Laser generating, Powder mixtures.

RESEARCHES REGARDING THE PROCESSING OPTIMISATION OF

LEAD-COPPER ASHES

Toderiţa NEMEŞ*, Florian POPESCU*, Rodica CIUDIN*

* „Lucian Blaga” State University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Emil Cioran no. 4, phone:+40269212716;

fax: +40269212617, e-mail: [email protected]

** „Lucian Blaga” State University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Emil Cioran no. 4, phone:+40269212716;


*** „Lucian Blaga” State University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Emil Cioran no. 4, phone:+40269212716;


Abstract: The paper presents the experimental researches regarding the optimisation of recovery processing of

useful metals from lead-copper ashes resulted from copper extraction process from lead in I.S.P. furnace.

The researches have been conducted following two directions:

• Reduce ash quantity as well as increase the concentration of copper in these ashes;

• Increase the recovery randament of usefull metals (Pb, Cu, Au, Ag) from ashes.

The results of the experiments allows to establish an improved processing technologies of copper-lead ashes, which assure the

following recovery randaments: 90% Pb in KTO lead, 80% Cu in matte, 62,5% Au and 67,5% Ag in KTO lead.

Keywords: extraction, copper, lead, ashes, recovery, aliquation, temperature, charge

VIEW ON IMPACT OF NATURAL GAS RESERVOIR EXPLOITATION

ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Ion FOIDAŞ*, Gheorghe RADU*, Emilia ŞTEFĂNESCU*

* SNGN ROMGAZ S.A.

Abstract: Protecting environment from damaging effects caused by human activities became lately an increasingly

important issue. or every natural polluting event affecting physical, chemical and biological characteristics of

environment and for every incident affecting its quality there are natural ways of recovery, which unfortunately are

limited. Although the system works for millions of years, lately it shows signs of fatigue, especially due to more and

more marked impact of the man upon the environment. Thus, under the current status of development of society

natural processes of environment recovery are not very efficient when acting alone. This is the reason why air, water

and soil pollutants have to be converted into acceptable products, dispersed in larger volumes through natural

processes like dilution, through biological conversion or on the basis of chemical reactions. This paper describes the

environment issues related to natural gas reservoir exploitation and some of the activities carried out by SNGN

ROMGAZ SA - the largest natural gas producer in Romania – for reduction of negative impact of its activities upon

the environment.

Key words: natural gas, reservoir exploitation, environmental impact

EVALUATION OF GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL IN THE RURAL

AREA OF KOSICE TOWN, SLOVAKIA

Lucia HLAVÁČOVÁ*, Stanislav JACKO*, Ján PINKA*, Juraj JANOČKO*

* Faculty of BERG TU Košice, Park Komenského 19, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia, Tel.: (++421-55) 602 3150,

Fax: (++421-55) 602 2957,

Abstract: Increasing costs of energy produced from fossil fuels resulted in boom of geothermal energy that is today

on top of not only scientific, but also political and industrial agenda. Increasing need for geothermal energy is also

noticable in the Slovakia, where several projects have been started. This paper shows case studies dealing with

appraisal of geothermal potential at place of the eastern Slovakia at Košice region. In order to estimate the

geothermal potential at the places several parameters were analysed: geology, tectonics, hydrogeology including

chemisms of the waters, geothermal characteristics (geothermal gradient) and other parameters related to economy.

Key words: geothermal wells, mineral content, Slovakia

UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGES IN ABANDONED COAL MINES

– UPPER SILESIAN COAL MINES ANALYSIS

Stanislaw NAGY*, Jakub SIEMEK**

* AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland, [email protected]

** AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland, [email protected],

Abstract: Restructuring of coal mining industry in Poland after 1989, and so the closing of about 40 deep mines,

prompted analyses of the potential applicability of abandoned workings as gas or liquid fuels storages. Foreign

solutions making use of abandoned excavation and natural pore space for storing hydrocarbons. The mining and

geologic conditions were described: impermeable overburden, small water flux to the mining working, distance to

the other mines, state of shafts, quantity of gas left out in pillars and old workings, which may create favorable

conditions for the selection of a mine as UGS. Gas storing technology in old mine’s workings, including criteria of

storage formation and exploitation, evaluation of the technical state of installment systems, boreholes and

equipment, as well as the applied gas injection systems, pressure reduction and measuring systems, preparation

systems for gas transport and systems controlling the storage Methods of regional geologic evaluation of the rock

mass in search of a potential UGS as well as investigations on usability of mine’s workings. On the background of

geologic conditions there were discussed conditions existing in the specific areas of these coal districts and mine’s

areas, qualifying or disqualifying them as potential UGS. The UGS should be construed when the dewatering system

is operational. This is caused by the developing process of soaking of the surrounding rocks, as well as corrosion of

the lining. Issues related to the environmental hazard during construction and exploitation of UGS in abandoned

mines as well as the related investigation and measuring methods. The economic analysis of the cost of two separate

UGS (fig.1) in selected mines has been done. The two selected mines have the largest methane capacity, accounting

for total capacity of workings and old workings, as well as sorption capacity of the left out coal. The analyses prove

that the conversion of mines into underground gas storages is possible, and in the conditions of the Upper Silesian

agglomeration fully justified. Key words: underground gas storage, coal mines

NATURAL GAS LEAK DETECTION BY LASER TECHNOLOGY

Florian POPESCU*, Valentin PETRESCU*

* "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Emil Cioran no. 4, Phone: +40269217928, Fax: +40269212716,

e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Detecting gas leaks along the natural gas pipelines is realized by a remote sensing technology known as

Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL). Some general aspects of the detection mechanism are presented in order to

be implemented into the national gas pipeline network.

Keywords: laser, natural gas, leak detection, DIAL, remote sensing

UPGRADING THE NATURAL GAS METERING SYSTEMS FOR THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NETWORK CODE

Dan-Paul ŞTEFĂNESCU*, Argentina TĂTARU*, Ana-Maria POPA*

* SNGN ROMGAZ S.A.

Abstract: During 2007-2020, Romania's general objective is to fully cover the domestic consumption by observing

the energy security growth, the sustainable development and to ensure an adequate competition level.

One of the main directions of Romanian energy strategy, concurrent with EU energy policy is to increase the

energy efficiency throughout the entire chain: resources, production, transmission, distribution and consumption.

Under these circumstances, the upgrade of natural gas metering systems, through the implementation of on line

acquisition and control systems both by producers and carriers, becomes strategic measures indispensable to a

market with a fast globalization trend.

Consequently, a very important regulation regarding the technological and fiscal gas flow tracking is the

Network Code. It splits responsibilities as follows:

• Operators are responsible with the physical balance of the system;

• Suppliers are responsible from a financial perspective, for the costs created by the corrections of the

imbalance between offer and demand or of the differences between nominations and flows.

Key words: natural gas, metering system, network code

THE INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION IN THE AREA OF

COPSA MICA

Adina GRECU

School nr. 20, Nr. 1, Macaralei Street, Sibiu

Abstract: “The interaction between man and environment, that is the content of the ecological problem

nowadays, has reached extreme forms and has come to the question of the biological existence of mankind as a

consequence of the waste of natural resources and pollution endangering both the human life and the

environment.”

(I. T. Frolog,)

This does not mean that any intervention in the natural environment causes degeneration. The society is often

required to take action in order to enrich the landscape.

Keywords: pollution, industry, causes, effects, solutions

SEVERAL APPROACHES TO THE ENTROPY LAW

Radu REFF*

*Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Bd.Victoriei 10, tel.40723398214, [email protected]

Abstract: Relying on very interesting and less known in Romania references, the paper try to

put together some original approaches of several well known scientists, about the principles

of thermo-dynamics, specialy about the famous Entropy Law and to present a short history of

the evolution of those concepts along the last two centuries.The most important ideas are

emphasized by remarkable quotations from famous scientists.

Key words: entropy, entropy law, thermodynamics, energy, exergy, anergy

GLOBALIZATION OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION - THE NEED FOR

ACCREDITATION PROCESSES

Rodica CIUDIN, Constantin OPREAN, Valentin PETRESCU, Victor NEDERITA

Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania

Abstract: Barriers are collapsing worldwide. For employed persons who would like to work at a different location

as well as for their new employers this means that qualifications and experience acquired elsewhere need to be

appropriately assessed at the new place of work. For this purpose equivalences are being issued. From the early

1950s to the mid-1970s the purpose of credential evaluation was to establish equivalence. Diploma was evaluated on

a course-by-course basis and every component of the foreign programme had to be matched with every component

in the receiving country’s programme. In many countries, in the 1980’s the concept of equivalence was replaced by

that of recognition; the recognition of diploma, qualification or course of study for a specific purpose.

Key words: globalization, engineering education, diploma, accreditation process

TELE-EDUCATION, STEPS TO

EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION

Florian POPESCU*

* “Lucian Blaga” State University of Sibiu, Emil Cioran no. 4,

Phone: +40269217928, Fax: +40269212716, E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Distance education is supported by remote activities like web-conferencing and e-learning. The first part

is dedicated to the web-conferencing subject, followed by e-learning solutions and trends in modern education using

the advancement of computing in education.

Keywords: tele-education, computer education, web-conference, e-learning, computerized evaluation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION - THE ROLE OF THE

UNIVERSITIES IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

Valentin PETRESCU*, Rodica CIUDIN*, Toderiţa NEMEŞ*,

Victor NEDERIŢĂ*, Alina GLIGOR

* „Lucian Blaga” State University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Emil Cioran no. 4, phone:+40269217928;


Abstract: The interaction between university, business community and public authorities is an important part of the

preconditions for a society in change. These interactions imply, among other things, the establishment of networks

and hybrid organizations to further innovation and improve competitiveness. This is the background for an

understanding of the framework for the development of entrepreneurship in the university sector.

Keywords: entrepreneurship, education, research, collaboration, exchange information, competitiveness.

Documents

LUCAN BLAGA” UNVERSTY of BU - Acasăinginerie.ulbsibiu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/LVI.pdf · *** „Lucian Blaga” State University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Emil Cioran no. 4, phone:+40269212716;