Lucid Dream English

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Lucid dream

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A lucid dreamis any dreamin which one is aware that one is dreaming. The term was coined

by the utch psychiatrist and writer Frederik !Willem" van #eden!$%&'($)*+".$-n a lucid

dream, the dreamer may be able to e/ert some degree of control over their participation

within the dream or be able to manipulate their imaginary e/periences in the dream

environment.+-0ucid dreams can be realistic and vivid. *-t is shown that there are higher

amounts of beta1$ fre2uency band !$*($) 34" e/perienced by lucid dreamers, hence there is

an increased amount of activity in theparietal lobesmaking lucid dreaming a conscious

process.5-

0ucid dreaming has been researched scientifically, and its e/istence is well established. 6-&-

Contents

$ 7cientific history

+ nitiation

* 8esearch and clinical applications

o *.$ 9eurobiological model

o *.+ Treatment for nightmares

o *.* erception of time

o *.5 Awareness and reasoning

5 ;ultural history

6


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& 8arity

> 9otable scientists

% 7ee also

) Further reading

$' 8eferences

$$ #/ternal links

Scientific historyThe first book to recogni4e the scientific potential of lucid dreams was ;elia ?reen@s $)&%

studyLucid Dreams.>-?reen analy4ed the main characteristics of such dreams, reviewing

previously published literature on the subect and incorporating new data from subects of her

own. 7he concluded that lucid dreams were a category of e/perience 2uite distinct from

ordinary dreams, and predicted that they would turn out to be associated with rapid eye

movement sleep!8#= sleep". ?reen was also the first to link lucid dreams to the

phenomenon of false awakenings.

hilosopher9orman =alcolm@s $)6) te/tDreaming%-had argued against the possibility of

checking the accuracy of dream reports. 3owever, the reali4ation that eye movementsperformed in dreams may affect the dreamer@s physical eyes provided a way to prove that

actions agreed upon during waking life could be recalled and performed once lucid in a

dream. The first evidence of this type was produced in the late $)>'s by British

parapsychologistCeith 3earne. A volunteer named Alan Worsley used eye movements to

signal the onset of lucidity, which were recorded by apolysomnographmachine.

3earne@s results were not widely distributed. The firstpeer1reviewedarticle was published

some years later by 7tephen 0aBergeat 7tanford Dniversity, who had independently

developed a similar techni2ue as part of his doctoral dissertation.)-uring the $)%'s, further

scientific evidence to confirm the e/istence of lucid dreaming was produced as lucid

dreamers were able to demonstrate to researchers that they were consciously aware of beingin a dream state !again, primarily using eye movement signals". $'-Additionally, techni2ues

were developed that have been e/perimentally proven to enhance the likelihood of achieving

this state.$$-

Initiation

A lucid dream can begin in one of two ways. A dream1initiated lucid dream starts as a normal

dream, and the dreamer eventually concludes it is a dream. A wake1initiated lucid dream

occurs when the dreamer goes from a normal waking statedirectly into a dream state, with no

apparent lapse in consciousness.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#Rarityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#Notable_scientistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celia_Greenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celia_Greenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_awakeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_awakeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Malcolmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapsychologisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapsychologisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Hearnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysomnographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_LaBergehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#Rarityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#Notable_scientistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celia_Greenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_awakeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Malcolmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapsychologisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Hearnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysomnographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_LaBergehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awake


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Research and clinical applications

Neurobiological model

9euroscientistJ. Allan 3obsonhas hypothesi4ed what might be occurring in the brain whilelucid. The first step to lucid dreaming is recogni4ing one is dreaming. This recognition might

occur in the dorsolateral prefrontal corte/, which is one of the few areas deactivated during

8#= sleep and where working memoryoccurs. -

3owever, a $))6 study in ?ermany indicated that lucid dreams can also have varied time

spans, in which the dreamer can control the length. The study took place during sleep and

upon awakening, and re2uired the participants to record their dreams in a log and how long

the dreams lastedcitation needed-.

Awareness and reasoning
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscientisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscientisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdalahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parahippocampal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_lobehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightmarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-laberge-experiments2-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-erlacher-experiments-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-erlacher-experiments-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscientisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdalahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parahippocampal_cortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_lobehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightmarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-laberge-experiments2-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-erlacher-experiments-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed


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Hsum Chyenpawas a master1level practitioner of Tibetan lucid dream yoga.$%-

While dream control and dream awareness are correlated, neither re2uires the otherE

0aBerge has found dreams that e/hibit one clearly without the capacity for the otherI also, in

some dreams where the dreamer is lucid and aware they could e/ercise control, they choose

simply to observe.+-n $))+, a study by eirdre Barrette/amined whether lucid dreams

contained four corollaries of lucidity: knowing that one dreams, that obects will disappear

after waking, that physical laws need not apply, and having clear memory of the waking

world, and found less than a 2uarter of lucidity accounts e/hibited all four. A related and

reciprocal category of dreams that are lucid in terms of some of these four corollaries, butmiss the reali4ation that @m dreaming, were also reported. 7cores on these corollaries and

correctly identifying the e/perience as a dream increased with lucidity e/perience.$)-n a

later study in Barrett@s book, The Committee of Sleep,+'-she describes how some e/perienced

lucid dreamers have learned to remember specific practical goals such as artists looking for

inspiration seeking a show of their own work once they become lucid or computer

programmers looking for a screen with their desired code. 3owever, most of these dreamers

had many e/periences of failing to recall waking obectives before gaining this level of

control.+'-

Cultural history
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsum_Khyenpa,_1st_Karmapa_Lamahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_yogahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-Kahan_1994-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deirdre_Barretthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-Barrett-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-Barrett-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsum_Khyenpa,_1st_Karmapa_Lamahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_yogahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-Kahan_1994-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deirdre_Barretthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-Barrett-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream#cite_note-Barrett-19


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=ichael Willmann!$&*'($>'&", the ream of Jacob

3ypnosand Thanatos, Sleep and His Half-Brother Death, an $%>5 painting byJohn William

Waterhouse

#ven though it has only come to the attention of the general public in the last few decades,

lucid dreaming is not a modern discovery. n earlyBuddhismthis may be one practice among

people in monastic community. As preserved in the ancient 7arvastivadaschool@s 7utra on

=indfulnessof the Body in the =adhayama agama !e2uivalent of ali Cayagatasati" it states

that monks and nuns under practice should be @Dnderstanding !having awareness in" the four

postures and states of being asleep andor awake@.+$-ocumented since the %th century,

Tibetan BuddhistsandBonpowere practicing a form of dream yoga held to maintain full

waking consciousness while in the dream state.


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n Western culture, a letter written by 7t. Augustine of 3ippoin 5$6 A about a story of a

dreamer, octor ?ennadius, refers to lucid dreaming.++-The dreamer reported that he didn@t

reali4e he was in the dream world but the man whom he met in his dream remind him about

this and point out that his e/perience is a proof of life after death.

An early recorded lucid dreamer was the philosopher and physician 7ir Thomas Browne!$&'6($&%+". Browne was fascinated by the world of dreams and described his own ability to

lucid dream in hisReligio Medici: ...yet in one dream can compose a whole ;omedy,

behold the action, apprehend the ests and laugh my self awake at the conceits thereof.+*-

7imilarly, 7amuel epysin his diary entry for $6 August $&&6records a dream that had my

0ady ;astlemayne in my arms and was admitted to use all the dalliance desired with her,

and then dreamt that this could not be awake, but that it was only a dream. =ar2uis d@3ervey

de 7aint1enysargued that it is possible for anyone to learn to dream consciously. n $%&>,

he published his bookLes Res et les moyens de les diriger! o"serations prati#ues

!reams and 3ow to ?uide themI ractical


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When a person is dreaming, the eyes vibrate rapidly. 7cientific research has found that these

eye movements may correspond to the direction the dreamer looks at in the dreamscape.

This has enabled trained lucid dreamers to communicate with researchers while dreaming by

using eye movement signals.$&-

%alse awa&ening

=ain article: False awakening

n a false awakening, one dreams of having awoken. The room the dreamer falsely awakens

in is often similar to the room heshe fell asleep in. f the person was lucid, they often believe

that they are no longer dreaming and begin their morning routine. The dreamer remains naive

to the dream either until they reali4e they haven@t actually woken up or until they really do

wake up.

Sleep paralysis

=ain article: 7leep paralysis

uring 8#= sleep the body paraly4es itself as a protection mechanism to prevent the

movements that occur in the dream from causing the physical body to move. 3owever, this

mechanism can be triggered before, during, or after normal sleep while the brain awakens.

This can lead to a state where the awakened sleeper feels paraly4ed. 3ypnagogic

hallucinationmay occur in this state, especially auditory ones. #ffects of sleep paralysis

include heaviness or inability to move the muscles, rushing or pulsating noises, and brief

hypnogogic or hypnopompicimagery. #/periencing sleep paralysis is a necessary part of

W0 !wake1initiated lucid dream", in which dreamers essentially detach their dream bodyfrom the paraly4ed one.

Out'of'body e(perience

=ain article:


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E0udwig Wittgenstein*+-

Khuang4idreaming of a butterfly

uring most dreams, sleepers are not aware that they are dreaming. The reason for this has

not been determined, and does not appear to have an obvious answer. There have been

attempts by various fields of psychology to provide an e/planation. For e/ample, some

proponents of depth psychologysuggest that mental processes inhibit the critical evaluationof reality within dreams.**-

;ertainphysiologystudies suggest that seeing is believing to the brain during any mental

state. f the brain perceives something with great clarity or intensity, it will believe that it is

real, even when asleep.*5-ream consciousness is similar to that of a hallucinatingawake

subect. reams or hallucinatory images triggered by thebrain stemare considered to be real,

even if fantastic.*6-The impulse to accept the e/perience as real is so strong the dreamer will

often invent a memory or a story to cover up an incongruous or unrealistic event in the

dream. For e/ample, That man has two headsL is not usually followed with must be

dreamingL but with something like Mes, read in the paper about these famous 7iamese

twins.

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Lucid Dream English