Editorial ContentOn behalf of Media Team of Lviv International Summit 2014, I’m extremely happy to welcome you all inside of “Daily Roar” – a magazine that will follow you though the session and help you to memorize every remarkable moment of these four days.

If you attentively look around you will indeed notice five people spying on you from each venue’s corner. These people are my eyes, hands and legs. You probably won’t notice me that much, because normally I’m sitting in front of my laptop collecting information and editing, but trust me – I know everything that is going on during the session.Throughout next three days you are going to receive three issues filled with reports from session events, explanations about European Union institutions, interviews with interesting people and simply interesting fascinating articles. Moreover, you are going to watch three videos – look carefully and you will see your own face on it! And of course, loads of photos are going to be uploaded online during and after the session, so feel free to show your friends how fun EYP is, show your parents how academic you are and of course don’t miss an opportunity to get a new profile picture.With your first European Youth Parliament event you are starting a new page of your life. Now it is just a blank page and you are free to write your own history on it. All in all, don’t miss the chance to turn your life in another way and simply enjoy every second of upcoming days.

Oleksandra Gipsh, editress

Discover:• History of Lviv by Italian• NGO’s from the inside by Dutch• The new way of learning by Georgian• EYP for beginners by Belarusia History of Lviv by Belarusian

Compare:• What is in common between Belarusians and Ukrainians

Think:• How to protect your cultural heritage• How to stand up to aggression• How to use the opportunity of ecotourism• How to take care about the Ebola• How to protect your freedom of mobility• How fracking is working

HistoRRRy of Lviv

Newly founded, it has been destroyed by the Tatars, but soon rebuilt, City, it started to show it’s real power. For many centuries it has shielded itself, also being a shelter for different ethnicities. Not by chance we call it nowadays Lviv…

“Lviv was called a “joyful city”. That’s true, till the war there was openness and cheerfulness. People were friendly – there existed a wonderful combination: Ukrainians, Polish, Jewish, even Armenians. It was Europe, however the East one, much warmer and more human” – wrote about Lviv, in the polish magazine “Rzeczpospolita”, the journalist Boguslaw Schaeffer. But let us check from the beginning. Lviv became a multicultural city, an important cultural capital, giving justice to its name that means “lion”.

King Daniel of Galicia, the prince of the Halych-Volhynia region, conceivably founded Lviv in 1256. The name was given in honor of his son Lev, who rebuilt the city in 1270, after the Mongols destroyed it ten years earlier, and chose it as its residence and the capital of the new region: Galicia-Volhynia.

From the beginning the city attracted new inhabitants from Poland, Armenia and many Jewish. After a brief Lithuanian inheritance, it was conquered in 1339 by the polish king Casimir the 3rd, who granted the city with “Magdeburg rights”, giving them a council and many benefits, permitting the trade in Lviv to have a revival. At the end of the century, Lviv was unified with the Crown of The Kingdom of Poland and after that became a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Kingdom. During the years it was given many privileges and actually became a royal city, later in the 17th century, the second biggest in the realm. At this time, in 1661 the Lviv Academy was founded.

This was also a time of trial for the Lion, who survived invasions from Swedish, Hungarians, Turks, Russian and Cossacks. The strong city did not surrender, as one of the few during the invasion to Poland, and it was the scenery for the “Lwów oath” – an oath made by the king of Poland, John Casimir, who gave the nation in protection to the Holy Mother, proclaimed Queen of Poland. Later on, Lviv protected itself from Ottomans, but in the early 18th century was conquered by Swedish.

After the First Partition of Poland, Lviv became a city in the Austrian Empire and also gained an Austrian atmosphere. By the end of the 18th century, German became the official language of instruction, as a new University was established. After the uprising in 1848, Lviv gained more independence, and Ukrainians and Polish were included as official languages. Those times the Lviv dialect was formed, as a mixture of different languages, but mainly polish. In 1853 Lviv became the first city in Europe to have city street lights! (modern Lion).

After the Austro-Hungarian Kingdom was founded, Galicia – the Lviv region - gained more autonomy and became one of the leading cultural cities in the Empire. It connected Polish, Ukrainians and Jewish cultures, being the scenery of the Ukrainians cultural revival and venue for polish independence organisations, as well as the city where the first Yiddish newspaper were published.

During the Great War and after that, Lviv balanced between Polish and Ukrainians identity. While after the Polish-Ukrainian War, in the 1918, the heart of young lvivians – “Lwów eagles” fought for the Polish side, after the World War II, Lviv (or then Lvov), was Ukrainised by the Soviets, especially the University, that was renamed after an Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko.

But let us focus for a few tenses on the period between the two wars. Those twenty years were very prosperous for Lviv, as it was the second cultural and academic centre in Poland, as well as a trade centre, after Warsaw. The University was reopened and it was a workplace for the greatest minds, like Rudolf Weigl, who discovered the vaccine against typhus. Unfortunately, the polish government closed many Ukrainian schools and university departments that were working since the Austrian era and many displays of Ukrainian and Jewish culture were limited for public as well.

During the German occupation in Lviv there were over 100,000 Jewish people. By the end of the war in there were up to 800 of them left.

After the war, Lviv became a part of the Soviet Union and many Poles were deported from that region. Lviv played a key role in the independence movements for Ukraine, in the 1991, as well a great role during the Orange Revolution in 2004.

Nowadays, Lviv stands proud as a real Lion, showing all its magnificence, diversity and power.

by Adelaide Di Maggio

NGOs Making the world a better place or subversive agents of the west?

Recently Hong Kong has been the site of mass protests in demonstration of the Beijing government’s insufficiently liberal election laws. The Beijing’s government battling these calls for reform adopted a favourite tactic of repressive regimes across the world. Chinese state controlled media alleged that the NGOs organising the protests were controlled by the west. The protesters are described as a fifth column controlled by Washington intending to destabilise China, eliminate traditional values and force western customs upon the world.

These allegations have a long history because they are a simple way of deflecting criticism by appealing to fear of outside influence. These tactics are used by amongst others China, Russia, Iran, Venezuela and Cuba to discredit the opposition.

The Union of Soldiers’ Mothers of Russia is a NGO that was set up during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in order to report on officially denied Soviet military activity in Afghanistan. The group was denigrated as CIA controlled foreign agents. Fast forward 25 years and the Russian government officially labels The Union of Soldiers Mothers foreign agents as the government denies military involvement in Ukraine but the Mothers report on casualties.

Id argue that although many NGOs receive funding they are independent organisations and the true cause of concern amongst repressive regimes is not western influence but rather standing up their own citizens, protesting and demanding rights and transparency. However, these are not subversive western values, this is simply human nature, people want self determination, freedom of speech and a government that significantly represents people’s best interests.

by Daan Brouwer

The new way of learningFrom childhood through our late teenage years, we are continually in school. After graduation from high school, it is time to decide what do we want to do with the rest of our lives: go to university, get a degree and embark on our professional careers. However, going to university requires money and many children are not ready to move straight to university after graduation. For those who decide to take some time off before going to university and work in order to earn some money, here is still an option available that will allow you to get an education without having to sit in a classroom and adhere to a stringent schedule.

I’m pretty sure that almost everyone connected to education would have come across the word, e-learning’’ . This is the new model of learning that is completely changing the way thinking and approaching learning. This word means to qualify a way of learning based on the use of new technologies allowing access to online, interactive and sometimes personalised training through the Internet or other electronic media. Undoubtedly, the implementation of e-learning systems in higher education has enabled dramatic change in teaching and learning practice. The learning is replaced by interacting opportunities with instructors and other students on an anywhere anytime anyhow basis. Hence, e-learning offers avenues for students to continue their learning and acquire new skills as well as improve existing ones at the time and place of their choice. Also e-Learning has removed the geographical and time barriers of learning, it allows organisations to integrate learning through work, recognising the fact that most of learning takes place on the job.

So the benefits of e-learning include: • Flexibility of access from anywhere at any time.• Ability to simultaneously reach an unlimited number of employees.• Uniformity of training delivery • Can achieve cost reductions• Ability to personalise the training for each learner

The Universities from all over the world have been acknowledging these benefits since the birth of e-learning‘s idea. The universities in the EU have launched an online program as a part of its goal to become the first top-rated institutions in order to award an online bachelor‘s degree.The importance of education is undeniable. The world we live in is chockfull with possibilities, and e-learning is indisputably one of them. If the world uses this possibility at its best, cheaper and morecomfortable education will be guaranteed for the population with increased demand for professional knowledge and higher education.

by Georgi Elisashvili

Point of orderSo, you are in Lviv, safe and sound, although, probably, a bit sleep deprived after the journey you took to get here. The session is about to start; you are surrounded by all these strangers, you keep thinking about the topic overview and you wonder what the next 4 days will be about; The Media Team of The Lviv International Summit has a feeling that it is the time to give all of you a little insight into EYP, our session and the awesome time you are about to have. And here it is:1) EYP is a politically and religiously unbound non-profit organization that encourages European youth to actively engage in citizenship and cultural understanding. Well, you can read all of this on Wikipedia. What isn’t written there is that EYP motivates, educates, inspires, brings together and creates unforgettable memories for young people from all around Europe and beyond for more than twenty years;2) EYP is huge; it’s currently covering 41 countries and consists of more than 5000 active members;3) Yes, it’s huge, and there is still a place for every single one of you; it absolutely doesn’t matter if this is your first session or not; EYP is welcoming everyone, and here in Lviv the whole officials team is working hard to create an unforgettable experience for all of you, regardless the experience, age, political preferences and whatever it is that you prefer for coffee-breaks;4) Talking about officials, there are plenty of them, but they can be easily distinguished. There are organisers – the people you probably won’t see much, but who are actually delivering the session to you; sometimes they can be noticed carrying cookies for your coffee breaks as well. There is a team of chairs (which stand for chairpersons, not for a piece of furniture) that will guide you all through the session. There is a president and two vice-presidents, classy-looking people who will sometimes observe you working and coordinate the work of your chairs. Finally,

there is a media team; we might be recognised by carrying cameras and making some awesome profile pictures for you;5) There are quite a lot of funny, strange and sometimes simply weird activities in EYP, but, as it goes, they are time-proved to be absolutely amazing when it comes to spending your time on the session; wait until you will play Big Fat Pony or Ninja Game and discover yourself;6) “A bit sleep deprived” I was referring to in the beginning of the article is nothing comparing to the whole sleep-deprivation level at any EYP session; brace yourself!7) People like stereotypes and EYP has some as well; we are rivaling with MUN; we are the biggest consumers of post-its and flip-charts in Europe; we are only alive because of the amount of coffee consumed; we are inventing unsolvable games for committee dinners; keep your eyes opened to find out which of those are actually true;8) EYP is complex, full of surprises, challenges and unique spirit; putting it in simple words, it is great. After all the facts that were mentioned here, there is also one rule about EYP you should know: stay adventurous, open-minded and take the most of this experience, because great things are about to happen.

by Natali Khenkina

UA vs BYStory of two friends - or what is in common between Belarusian and Ukrainians.

Story of this friendship dates back to eights century A.D., when the territories of nowadays Belarus and Ukraine formed the biggest part of loose federation, that was called Kievan Rus. After four centuries of quite successful and joyful life, Belarusians and Ukrainians have decide to “change their place of residence” and continued their close relations as a part of Grand Dutchy of Lithuania, then as a part of Polish Kingdom, and the latest one falls on the times of Soviet Union. This brief historical perspective may give ones a feeling that Belarusians and Ukrainians are quite old mates that have loads in common. So, lets take a look what is really similar between these two nations. Firstly, both, Ukrainians and Belarusians, are really proud of their history and glories times of Slavic rule in the eastern and central Europe. Similarly, both nations managed to preserve their traditions, cultural heritage and national heroes, especially those, who where involved in liberation movements under the rule of Russian empire. Despite the fact, that road to independence for both nations was quite long and thorny, they managed to retain their national uniqueness, including language. Language is another painful issue that we are sharing, not in the sense that we speak the same language, but because both, Belarusian and Ukrainian languages,

despite of it’s exceptionality and euphony, they were marred by Russian language especially during Soviet times. Until now, most of foreigners thought that Russian is the main language in these two countries and considered both, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages, as a certain dialect of Russian. Fortunately, this statement is absolutely wrong! Belarusian and Ukrainian are separate languages that originates from Slavic language group, but they have different grammar and vocabulary. Please note that Ukrainian and Belarusian languages have as much common with the Russian language, as English with Dutch (40-45 differences in vocabulary).Finally, the last common thing of Belarusians and Ukrainians is much testier then previously mentioned ones. Ladies and gentleman, this is potatoes. Yes, it may be ridiculous, but pupates is one of the main ingredients in both national cuisines. We know how to cook really tasty and in big amounts. These commonalities are just a drop in the bucket, but we hope that you will be able to discover much more interesting actualities about Ukraine and Belarus. Remember also to enjoy the real beauty of Lviv traditions and, of course, delicious potatoes.

by Michael Pytlyk

Save the cultureWhether you are American, Asian or European you know what the culture is – it’s not something you are born with, it is learned from family, school, religious teachings, television, media and the government of the country, but if you inquire a question ,,what is cultural heritage?‘’ be sure that you will get quite different answers. -,, Cultural heritage is something preserved for posterity so its framework of reference is the future – the generations yet unborn who will inherit as much as the past’’ -,, It’s the things, places and practices that define who we are as individuals, as communities, as nations or civilizations and as a species. It is what we want to keep, share and pass on’’ -,, Cultural heritage takes different tangible and intangible forms, all of which are invaluable for cultural diversity as the wellspring of wealth and creativity’’In my mind, cultural heritage enriches our lives, provides us a window to our past, helps us to make sense of the present and sustains world cultures into the future, it is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community. These ways are being passed on from generation to generation and formed by those things or expressions that show the creativity of people, such as special monuments, the painting, a cave dwellings, artistic or scientific values or anything important because of it’s history, buildings or sculptures, due to reason and place they were built or the reason they were used for,.The cultural heritage of the European Union is a rich and diverse mosaic of cultural and creative expressions and also an important resource for economic growth, employment and social cohesion. During last years due to economic crisis or other various reasons the infringements of cultural heritage are widespread throughout the whole Europe, such as pollution, uncontrolled urbanization and accelerated tourist development - all these reasons lead to the destruction of cultural heritage. Survival depends on our capacity to face some encounters of today: governments are cutting public budgets for culture and heritage

digitisation is shaking up traditional models of access to WHAT and participation in culture, valuable skills and craftsmanship are diminishing with time, global change and urbanization are affecting environmental sustainability” The Role of the EU is, therefore to assist and complement the actions of the member states in preserving an promoting Europe’s cultural legacy, the key argument lies in the delicate balance between the actions engaged parties take in order to preserve cultural heritage and legacy and the actions, economic, political and social, that cause negative influence accordingly. It is of course

just a miserable example what can be done to solve this problem, but let’s give a chance to delegates to think more about it. To sum up, here is the question delegates need to discuss about the given issue - what further measures should be implemented by European countries in order to secure the future of their cultural legacy?Let’s wait for the astounding resolution and find out the ways to solve problems raised by the committee on Culture and Edition.

by Georgi Elisashvili

Standing up to aggressionEuropean security is a topic that until recently was often avoided. After the fall of the Soviet Union, with the growth of the European Union and claims that history had ended national security was an after thought for many western European nations. At the same time throughout the former Soviet Union Russia fought to maintain its influence leading to frozen conflict in Moldova, wars in Chechnya and, perhaps most shockingly, the war between Russia and Georgia. This fight for geopolitical influence by Russia was largely ignored by the western nations, members of NATO did not meet the expected levels of defense spending and to appease Russia missile shields were not installed in the eastern NATO states. After the Georgian-Russian war, Obama and Medvedev reset relations hoping to build mutual understanding and preventing future wars. However, the frozen conflicts never got resolved and leading up to the Ukrainian EuroMaidan protests relations between Russia and the west deteriorated. The true face of Russian foreign policy was once again revealed in the Ukrainian crisis. Results matter, not excuses and confusion, propaganda combined with “little green men” proved to be a formidable force.

The European Union is often accused of moving slowly and being not enough transparent and these flaws exposed themselves during the Ukrainian crisis. European condemnation of Russian use of force was slow and not very forceful in an attempt to prevent the situation from escalating. However, I believe that it is the West’s role in the world to occupy the moral high ground. The refusal to use words like invasion instead using foreign intervention is pure sophistry and is in my opinion a betrayal of not only the Ukrainian nation but also of the very concept of national sovereignty. The 21st century may be the century of China and see a further decline of western power compared to developing countries and the BRIC association (Brazil, Russia, India and China). However, by supporting the moral high ground, fighting the good fight and searching for allies around the world I hope that western morals economic prosperity and peace may be spread around the world.

by Daan Brouwer

Ecotourism in Eastern Europeas an opportunity still to be definedImagine a natural pool filled with crystal water, in the middle of the greenest woods. Or brownish mountains as a background for endless gold fields. These are two of the outstanding natural views in Eastern Europe that is gaining a big popularity among the tourists. However, for an effective tourism business, preservation of the natural goods is needed. Ecotourism in Eastern Europe, SUDEV's topic for this year's Lviv International Summit, is, in my opinion, an important issue that involves a region that is becoming more and more important on both: European and International levels. Nowadays, there's also a great interest raised on ecology, organic food, natural materials and, it may seem that 'saving the world' became already a new fashion or even subculture. People are fully willing to go back to the country, discover their roots and live a more active life in harmony with nature. Eastern European countries have many to offer in this substance. In addition, the (mostly) Slavic routes are not yet explored, as much as the Alps, the Tuscan hills, or the Spanish Costa.

And that's why they are so attractive. But many natural sites are neither intriguing nor mysterious anymore, when they're evidently touched or even damaged by human hands, without any defined purpose. In the majority of Eastern European countries people work in those fields, those woods and mountains and when a guest hand shapes them differently that they're used to, it won’t be the same anymore. But of course, tourism is an important source of money as well, and I believe that those two things may stick together as far as the idea of "Ecotourism" is efficiently adapted to the people’s needs and of the site. It is a difficult matter and it won't be

easy to formulate some valuable solutions on it. On the other hand there are some already implemented remedies that permits people to benefit from nature without damaging it and that permits nature, as well, to grow safely without bothering human beings. Comparable, for example, picnic areas with special bonfire areas where garbage bins are situated and the fires are made from wooden clippings. It permits people to save money on gas, electricity; furthermore, it allows to spend more time together with nature and to avoid eating more than it is necessary. Nevertheless, there are some people who are not able to bring respect to the place where they're staying. Unfortunately,

human mentality cannot be changed easily, when there's a necessity of doing so. Therefore, in some cases social education and governmental protection is needed, but ecotourism is not a popular topic among politicians, probably because it's still a new thing that cannot bring big profits, until is not well designed. That's why the youth present in Lviv is having a honourable but tough task to fill. I will name it: "to help people to discover beauties that were on the Earth from the beginning and let those attractions stay still beautiful and obedient to people for many-many years by".

by Adelaide Di Maggio

Take care about the Ebolabefore it will take care about you

There is a story of medical students’ cite on their microbiology lessons. It goes as such: once a man went to a tropical rainforest, and, as he went out, he was vomiting his own inner organs out. Well, it is indeed a disgusting story, but that’s how people made their first acquaintance with Ebola virus. The simple reasoning behind the story is that we should better know than to look for some new diseases in the tropical rainforests. Let me tell you something about Ebola virus. It’s a string of RNA (Ribonucleic acid)- genetic material used in some viruses instead of DNA, - which is covered by a capsule made from only eight types of peptides. It was initially identified in 1976 and its lethality is estimated to be around 70%. Like any other virus, it replicates through the cells of the organism that is being invaded; it also has five species, four of which can potentially be dangerous for people. The string of RNA doesn’t care about all the people that were killed, about all the borders that were closed, medicines that were not found and help that was not delivered.Afterwards, everything is quite simple on microbiology lessons; it starts being more complicated when Ebola virus gets out from its cosy microbiology surrounding and kills more than three thousand people in West Africa. Furthermore, when it is about public safety and politics, when the vaccine is still not found and first victims are confirmed among both Europeans and US citizens. Ebola keeps spreading worldwide, and Europe stands

in front of that very same tropical rainforest, building its defence plot and not being entirely sure whether to step inside.Consequently, the reasoning from microbiology lessons is way too simplified when it comes to real life. The question of particular ways that EU can implement in order to fight a bunch of RNA molecules in Africa remains opened; so does the question about ways to make our defence plot higher and stronger and whether we need it to be so. However, as we struggle for questions and answers, we keep standing in front of the rainforest with all its RNA threats; whatever are the questions and however complicated are the answers, we need them now.There is another short story I will finish with: there are no medicines which would attack Ebola virus immediately, and there is no vaccine to prevent it right now, but currently medical personnel from affected areas claim that simple basic medical care is a powerful treatment itself, even though it is not that much interesting. So, the reasoning here is that caring might be the answer that we are look for, whether it is care of EU about its own citizens, or about patients that are already ill, or about Africans who can still be saved.That’s why, I suppose, we are here caring about things, because someone should.

by Natalia Khenkina

Freedom of self determinationAs anyone who has had to wait for hours to enter an embassy for a visa knows getting approval to enter a country can be harder than any other part of preparing a trip abroad.

At the same time in Western Europe there is a large backlash against immigrants and multiculturalism. People are afraid that immigrants are “stealing” their jobs, spreading crime and ignoring the values of the locals. Some political parties call for renegotiating freedom of travel within the EU. However, even amongst any eurosceptics the Schengen agreement is seen as one of the greatest achievements of the European Union. Free movement of people enables people to make important life decisions for themselves instead of being bounded by the purely coincidental location of their birth. I am concerned that free trade is the best method of boosting productivity, wages and lowering prices. At the same time unskilled western European labor finds it hard to compete with countries where the price of living is lower.

European border security has been neglected for a time however with the conflict in Ukraine bringing open warfare to Europe there is a good reason to prioritize security. However, I believe that the root cause of violence is often poverty and prejudice so closing borders would be a counterproductive method of insuring security.

The last decade has seen an explosion of web based travel, websites such as Expedia, Trip Advisor and Airbnb; and all the ease these websites afford show just how backwards visa applications are.

by Daan Brouwer

Fracking or not Frackingenergy or environment

In the light of recently rising energy crisis, the European Union and other powerful energy consumers has started a huge debate concerning the alternative solution of this viable issue. Yet, suggestion is not a solution and quite often-theoretical expectations are not meeting practical outcomes. One of such theoretical solution is being all over the news

recently. It is, so called, fracking. This term is a common nickname for hydraulic fracturing, process of destruction of deep rock formations that allows natural gas to flow more freely from deep underground deposits. At the first glance, it seems that there is nothing really alarming in this process - just new innovation technology of deep drilling for getting valuable natural resources. However, there are a lot of concerns that bare eye can’t notice.

The cause of scepticisms about fracking is connected to the process of damaging. Deep drilling of the underground rock formations causes a lot of damage and, unfortunately, damage is the only thing that is needed to release deep oil reservoirs. On the other hand, concern is long tem outcome after finishing the extraction of such deposits. As far as, damage areas are mostly unreachable and still unfixable, we may face huge water catastrophe due to the harm of deep-water horizon. Besides that, fracking technique has been linked to minor earthquakes that took place in United Kingdom last year. However, those events didn’t influence the UK’s official decision of lifting its ban on exploratory hydraulic fracturing. Such steps were really criticized by the EU environmentalists and highly welcomed by shale gas Europe and US specialist, who are not supporting sceptical “myths” about fracking. United States, as one of the leaders in fracking technologies, claimed that risks of such procedures appear to be really tiny and out of thousands shale gas wells drilled only few reported problems with a leakage

and were successfully sealed afterwards. So, mainly the supporters of fracking method are following the idea that benefits only outweigh risk, only until risk becomes the realty. They are arguing about green technologies being not ready to satisfy our needs and the development and production cost for renewable energy installation being unable to meet short-term demands. Hence, as far as shale frackng give us better outcomes in a short term and stimulate jobs and the economy alongside, for now one that is the better way of.

So, as one can see, both sides have quite reasonable arguments and it’s really hard to make a single conclusion. For certain countries, whose industrial sector is really dependent from natural resources, and who are not able to cover needs with their own deposits, fracking could be a better solution. As a vivid example, Ukraine has a massive shale gas deposits that are not used yet, and it seems that fracking is the only fast way to escape the energy dependency from other countries. However, if one would take the example of Scandivian states, such as Norway or Denmark, who receives up to 90 percent of the energy from renewable resource, while still having huge deposits of natural gas, it’s obvious that future is for renewable energy. by Michael Pytlyk

Lviv, 2014