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LWD Tools DD
Citation preview
Sh
ale
Ma
trix
Po
rosi
tyD
ry C
lay
Sil
t
B.
Wat
er
Kaolinite
Chlorite
Illite
Momtmorillonite
CTN ROHB
~ 37
~ 52
~ 30
~ 60
2.41
2.76
2.52
2.12
DGR® (Dual Gamma Ray) Sensor
Formation
Drill Collar
Gamma RayDetectors K
Th
U
A B
BoreholeBorehole
Two Banks of Geiger-Mueller Tubes
DGR Insert calibrated inside the collar. No collar
attenuation factor needed
PCG Configuration
Electronics Scintillation Detector
Single Scintillation
Detector
Gamma Module (GM) Configuration
Electronics Gamma Bank C
Gamma Bank B
Gamma Bank A
Each Bank contains 4 Geiger-Mueller Tubes
Azimuthal Gamma Ray (AGR)
5/8” DIA X 4” LG CRYSTAL
• ~2 X DGR Count Rate
•Azimuthal Sensitivity: 11:1
PMT PRE-AMP
Geo-Pilot Azimuthal Gamma Ray
ScintillatorAccelerometer Package and Temp Sensor
Processor
Pressure Sleevee
Scintillator
Scintillator
120° 120°
120°
1m
EWR Development History
EWR (1983)
The First MWD Propagation Resistivity Tool
EWR-Phase 4 (1991)
The First Multi-Spacing MWD Propagation Resistivity Tool
The First Three-Frequency MWD Propagation Resistivity ToolFive Spacing with True Geometrical Compensation
EWR-M5
EWR-Phase 4™
Operates in all mud types
Four phase-shift resistivity curves
Four attenuation resistivity curves
Excellent vertical resolution in low-resistivity, thinly-bedded formations
Measure Point
39” 15” 9”27”
2 MHzTransmitters
1 MHzTransmitter
Near Receiver
Far Receiver
6”
Resistivity Conductivity Velocity Wavelength Phase Shift
High Low Fast Long Small
Low High Slow Short Large
4-3/4”AFR Tool
• 2 transmitters (3 frequencies) • 3 rows with 3 electrodes each• R”at” B measurement
31.5”
51.5”
11.5”
4-3/4” AFR Tool Measurements*
*Excluding the “bit resistivity” measurement
Depth of Investigation vs Tx-Rx SeparationAFR 4
0''
1''
2''
3''
4''
5''
6''
7''
8''
9''
10''
11''
12''
13''
14''
15''
0'' 10'' 20'' 30'' 40'' 50'' 60'' 70'' 80'' 90''
Tx-Rx Distance
Dep
th o
f Inv
estig
atio
n DOI @ PGF=0.5
Rt=100 Ohmm
Rxo=10 Ohmm
Rmud=0.02 Ohmm
RingThickness=1''
ToolDIA=5.25''
BoreDIA=6.25''
Tx-Rx=11.5''
Tx-Rx=31.5''
Tx-Rx=51.5''
Depth of Investigation: 4-3/4” AFR Tool
Mud Filtrate Invasion
Drilling
Spiraled or CorkScrew BoreHole
Polarization Horns
Density Tool SLD & ALD
Wireline Density Tool
SLD™ (Stabilized Lithology Density) Tool
Cesium 137Source
Low Density
Windows
Stabilizer
TungstenShield
NearDetector
TungstenBore Liner
FarDetector
Cross Section of MWD Density Toolin an Enlarged Borehole
ScintillationDetector
Stand-Off Formation
Window in Stabilizer Blade
Pressure Housing
Mud
Mud
Drill Collar
Stabilizer Blade
Neutron & SLD Source Installedin Drill Collar
“Spira-Lock”Thread
Doubly-EncapsulatedNeutronSource
Bull Plug
Source PortInsert
“O”-Ring
RetainingRing
Drill Collar
Acoustic Standoff
Cs137 Source
Low-Density Windows
Stabilizer
Tungsten Shield
Near Detector
Far Detector
Tungsten Bore Liner
Azimuthal Magnetometer
Package
Electronics
Azimuthal Lithodensity (ALD™)
Bin 1
Bin 2
Bin 3
Bin 4
Bin 5
Bin 16
Bin 6
Bin 7
Bin 15
Bin 14
Bin 13
Bin 12
Bin 11
Bin 10Bin 9 Bin 8
Compensated Thermal Neutron Tool
Helium 3 neutron near and far detectors Integrated triaxial caliper Tool sizes: 4-3/4, 6-3/4 and 8 inches
CTN™ (Compensated Thermal Neutron)
™
Interpretation
Shale Points