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Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis. A Reinders Department of Radiology UFS. Case Presentation. 52 year old female patient Retroviral disease negative Previously known with right sided breast carcinoma Had right mastectomy and axillary clearance Now clinically showed progression - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A ReindersDepartment of Radiology
UFS
Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis
52 year old female patientRetroviral disease negative
Previously known with right sided breast carcinomaHad right mastectomy and axillary clearance
Now clinically showed progressionCXR shows scattered infiltratesPleural effusionPleural changes on the right
Case Presentation
Medical/social historyNo significant
Special investigationsNuclear medicine
Bone Scintigram“Degenerative lesions in thoracic spine – unable to exclude
metastases”Radiology
CXRCT Chest/abdomen and pelvis
Case presentation
CXR
CXR
Computed Tomography
6 – 8% of all pulmonary metastasesTumor cell accumulation within connective tissue1
Tumor cell embolization of blood vessels Subsequent lymphatic obstruction Interstitial oedema Collagen deposition
Associated cancers Cervic/colon Stomach Breast Pancreas Thyroid Larynx
Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis
“Certain cancers spread by plugging the lymphatics”1
CXR1
Reticular/reticulonodular opacitiesCoarsenend bronchovascular markingsKerley A and B linesSmall lung volumesHilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathyPleural effusions
Imaging
CXR
Normal lung architecture1
Focal/diffuse/unilateral/bilateral distributionThickenend interlobular septaThickenend centrilobular bronchovascular bundle
“Dot in box” appearancePleural effusions (30 – 50%)Lymphadenopathy (30 – 50%)
HRCT
CT Chest, abdomen and pelvis
HRCT
Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis. Available from URL:http://www.radiopedia.org2
Pulmonary TuberculosisHypersensitivity pneumoniaeSarcoidosisCardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
Differential diagnoses1
Thinking cap.....
Primary TB3,4
ConsolidationLymphadenopathyPleural effusionRegresses
Secondary TB“Reactivation”Consolidation apical segments/superior segment lower lobesCavitation
Miliary TB2 – 3 mm nodules in random distribution throughout lung
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Clinial historyImmunocompromised
“Tree -in-bud appearance”Endobronchial spread
Simultaneous occurance with LCMRareMay also present with septal thickening
Almost impossible to distinguish radiologicallyIncidental findings in immunocompromised patientsSecondary reactivation of Tuberculosis5
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Tuon FF, Miyaji KT, DE Vidal PM et al. Simultaneous occurence of pulmonary tuberculosis and carcinomatous lymphangitis. Rev. Oc Bras Med Trop. 2007 Jan-Feb; 40(1) :76-7
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Right: Tree in bud appearance indicating endobronchial spread
Left: Active pulmonary Tuberculosis with cavitation in the apical segment of right lower lobe
Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis “Farm worker’s lung” “Bird fancier’s lung”
Stages3
AcuteSubacute
Ill defined centrilobular nodulesMosaic pattern
Bronchiolitis with air trapping (lucencies) + patchy areas of infiltration (ground glass)Chronic
Mosaic patternFibrosis and parenchymal distortion in midzone distribution
Fibrosis typically through whole lung From periphery to centrum
Hypersensitivity Pneumonia
Hypersensitivity Pneumonia
Morissa AM, Nishimurab S, Huanga L. Subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis in an HIV infected patient receiving antiretroviral therapy. Thorax 2000;55:625-627 doi:10.1136/thorax.55.7.6256
Systemic disorder of unknown origin3,4
Non caseating granulomas in multiple organs90% of patients have lung involvement
Lobar predominanceUpper and midzone predominanceSmall nodules in perilymphatic distribution1-2-3 Sign + calcifications
Silzbach classificationStage 0 = normal lungsStage 1 = Lymphadenopathy onlyStage 2 = Lung involvement and lymphadenopathyStage 3 = Lung involvement onlyStage 4 = Fibrosis
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis
Pulmonary sarcoidosis. Available from URL: http://www.radiopedia.org2
HRCT3
Bilateral smooth septal thickeningGround glass opacityPerihilar and gravitational distribution of fluidCardiomegalyPleural effusion
Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
Smithuis R, Van Delden O, Schaefer-Prokop C. HRCT part II: Key findings in Interstitial Lung Diseases.3 Available from URL: http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/
1. Chest Disorder. In: Dahnert W. Editor. Radiology Review Manual. 6th Edition. Lippincot Williams & Wilkins. 2007; p509
2. Images available from URL: http://www.radiopedia.org 3. Smithuis R, Van Delden O, Schaefer-Prokop C. HRCT part II: Key findings in
Interstitial Lung Diseases. Available from URL: http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/ 4. Chest Imaging. In: Weissleder R, Wittenberg J, Harisinghani MG, Chen JW. Editors.
Primer of Diagnostic Imaging. 4th Edition. Mosby Elsevier 2007; p34 - 35 5. Tuon FF, Miyaji KT, de Vidal PM et al. Simultaneous occurence of pulmonary
tuberculosis and carcinomatous lymphangitis. Rev. Oc Bras Med Trop. 2007 Jan-Feb; 40(1) :76-7
6. Morissa AM, Nishimurab S, Huanga L. Subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis in an HIV infected patient receiving antiretroviral therapy. Thorax 2000;55:625-627 doi:10.1136/thorax.55.7.625
Bibliography