M. · Distribution: Common from southern California to Alaska. 14,21 Washington Distribution: Very common in almost all marine waters of this state. Polnell Point, Holmes Harbor,

Northwest and Alaska F i s h e r i e s Center Processed Report;\

RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT MARINE FISHES OF PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON

Percy M. Washington

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrat ion

Nat ional Marine F i s h e r i e s Serv ice Northwest and Alaska F i s h e r i e s Center

Resource Ecology and Fishery Management Division

9: This r e p o r t does not c o n s t i t u t e a pub l i ca t ion and i s f o r information only. A l l d a t a h e r e i n a r e t o be considered provis ional .

ABSTRACT

Thirty-four species of non-salmonid fishes were determined to be of

recreational importance in Puget Sound, Washington. A review of the litera-

ture provided such information as local names, physical features used in

their recognition, world and Washington state distribution, habitat, utiliza-

tion, and size. Additional information on Puget Sound distribution, eating

qualities, and baits and lures were gathered during NMFS-Marine Recreational

Fisheries surveys (1973-1976) and was added to provide a 'handy recreational

marine fishery resource guide.

CONTENTS

Page No . INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Codfishes and hakes - Gadidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Pacific eod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Pacific hake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Tomcod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Walleye pollock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Surfperches - Embiotocidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Shiner perch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Striped seaper, ch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Pile perch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rockfishes - Scorpaenidae 22

Brownrockfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Copper rockfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Greenstriped rockfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Yellowtail rockfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Quillback rockfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black rockfish 34

Bocaccio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Canary rockfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Redstripe rockfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Yelloweye rockfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 42

Sablefishes - Anoplopomatidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Sablefish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

iii

Page No . Greenlings . Hexagrammidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Kelpgreen l ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Whitespot tedgreenl ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Lingcod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4

Sculpins . Cottidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Red I r i s h Lord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P a c i f i c staghorn sculpin 60

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cabezon 6 2

Lefteye f lounders . Bothidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P a c i f i c sanddab 66

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Righteye f lounders Pleuronectidae 68

Arrowtooth flounder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

P e t r a l e so le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

F l a t h e a d s o l e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4

P a c i f i c ha l ibu t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Rock so le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

English sole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Sta r ry flounder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

C-0 so le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Sand sole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1 Photos of (A) P a c i f i c cod; (B) P a c i f i c hake; ( C ) P a c i f i c tomcod; (Dl walleye pollock.

Fig. 2 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of P a c i f i c cod, Gadus macrocephalus, i n Puget Sound.

Fig. 3 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of P a c i f i c hake, Merluccius productus, i n Puget Sound.

Fig. 4 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of P a c i f i c tomcod, Microgadus proximus, i n Puget Sound.

Fig. 5 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of wal leye po l lock , Theragra chalcogranma, i n Puget Sound.

Fig. 6 Photos of (A) s h i n e r perch; (B) s t r i p e d perch; (C) p i l e perch.

Fig. 7 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of sh ine r perch, Cyrnatogaster aggrega ta , i n Puget Sound.

Fig. 8 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of s t r i p e d perch , Embiotoca l a t e r a l i s , i n Puget Sound.

Fig. 9 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of p i l e perch, Rhacochilus vacca, i n Puget Sound.

Fig. 10 Photos of (A) known r o c k f i s h ; (B) copper rock f i sh ; (C) g r e e n s t r i p e r o c k f i s h ; (D) y e l l o w t a i l rock f i sh ; (E) b lack rock f i sh ; (F) qu i l l back r o c k f i s h ; (G) bocaccio; (H) canary rock f i sh ; (I) yelloweye rock f i sh ; and (J) r e d s t r i p e rock f i sh .

Fig. 11 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of brown r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes a u r i c u l a t u s , i n Puget Sound.

Fig. 12 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of copper r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes cau r inus , i n Puget Sound.

Fig. 13 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of g r e e n s t r i p e r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes e longa tus , i n Puget Sound.

Fig. 14 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of y e l l o w t a i l r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes f l a v i d u s , i n Puget Sound.

Fig. 15 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of q u i l l b a c k r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes ma l ige r , i n Puget Sound.

Fig. 16 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of b l ack r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes melanops, i n Puget Sound.

LIST OF FIGURES, cont.

Fig. 17 Known distribution of bocaccio, Sebastes paucispinis, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 18 Known distribution of canary rockfish, Sebastes pimiger, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 19 Known distribution of redstripe rockfish, Sebastes proriger, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 20 Known distribution of yelloweye rockfish, Sebastes ruberrimus, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 21 Photograph of a sablefish.

Fig. 22 Known distribution of sablefish,~Anoplopoma fimbria, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 23 Photograph of (A) female kelp greenling; (B) male kelp greenling; (C) whitespotted greenling; and (D) lingcod.

Fig. 24 Known distribution of kelp greenling, Hexagrammos decagrammus, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 25 Known distribution of whitespotted greenling, Hexagrammos stellari, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 26 Known distribution of lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 27 Photograph of (A) red Irish lord; (B) Pacific staghorn sculpin; and (C) cabezon.

Fig. 28 Known distribution of red Irish lord, Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 29 Known distribution of Pacific staghorn sculpin, Leptocottus armatus, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 30 Known distribution of cabezon, Scorpaenichthys rnarmoratus, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 31 Photograph of a Pacific sanddab.

Fig. 32 Known distribution of Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 33 Photographs of (A) arrowtooth flounder; (B) petrale sole; (C) flathead sole; (D) Pacific halibut; (E) rock sole; (F) English sole, (GI starry flounder; (H) C-0 sole; and (I) sand sole.

Fig. 34 Known distribution of arrowtooth flounder, Atheresthes stomias, in Puget Sound.

LIST OF FIGURES, cont.

Fig. 35 Known distribution of petrale sole, Eopsetta jordani, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 36 Known distribution of flathead sole, Hippoglossoides elassodon, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 37 Known distribution of Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 38 Known distribution of rock sole, Lepidopsetta bilineata, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 39 Known distribution of English sole, Parophrys vetulus, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 40 Known distribution of starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 41 Known distribution of C-0 sole, Pleuronichthys coenosus, in Puget Sound.

Fig. 42 Known distribution of sand sole, Psettichthys melanostictus, in Puget Sound.

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.--A listing of the common and scientific names of the recreationally important marine fish other than salmon and smelt in Puget Sound, Wash- ington (Delacy et a1 1972; Buckley 1967, 1968, and 1969).

INTRODUCTION

While numerous marine species have been the object of intensive recrea-

tional fisheries elsewhere along the Pacific Coast, few have received much

attention from anglers in the Puget Sound region. Here, salmon alone is

king-that is, until recently. In addition, of the 45 or so species in the

Sound that may be of potential interest to anglers, few other than salmon

are the target of commercial fisheries. Possibly for these reasons relatively

little has been known of the rockfishes and numerous other "bottom" fish

species. That, however, is also changing. For example, a National Marine

Fisheries Service (NMFS) program, begun in 1973, has now gained considerable

information on the abundance, distribution, and life history of the marine

fish species of recreational importance.

This report constitutes a compilation of data on Puget Sound marine

fishes of potential interest to anglers. Included is information on abundance,

distribution, and life history of bottomfish species--as well as charts

which inform the reader where to find them--compiled from NMFS survey records

and from a review of fishery publications. In this report, Puget Sound is

defined as the marine waters inside or east of a line drawn from Partridge

Point on Whidbey Island to Point Wilson on Quimper Peninsula, and south

of a line drawn from Strawberry Point on Whidbey Island to Utsalady Point

on Camano Island.

Common and s c i e n t i f i c names a r e those provided by t h e American F i s h e r i e s

Socie ty (Bailey e t a 1 1970). A phylogenet ic l i s t i n g of t h e f a m i l i e s and

an a l p h a b e t i c a l l i s t i n g of names of spec ie s i s given i n Table 1; t h e t a b l e

a l s o i n d i c a t e s t h e number of t h e page on which t h e d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e spec ie s

begins. For each spec ie s , a l i s t of r e fe rences has been included by author

and da te of pub l i ca t ion , wi th a comprehensive b ib l iography beginning on

Page 51. These were added i n hopes of making t h i s a more complete r e fe rence

work f o r Puget Sound a n g l e r s a s we l l a s o t h e r s i n t e r e s t e d i n f i s h and f i sh ing .

Table 1.--A listing of the common and scientific names of the recreationally important marine fish other than salmon and smelt in Puget Sound, Wash- ington (Delacy et a1 1972; Buckley 1967, 1968, and 1969).

Codfishes and hakes - Gadidae Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus

Pacific hake, Merluccius productus

Tom cod, Microgadus proximus

Walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramna

Surfperches - Embiotocidae Shiner perch, Cymatogaster aggregata

Striped seaperch, Embiotoca lateralis

Pile perch, Rhacochilus vacca

Rockfishes - Scorpaenidae Brown rockfish, Sebastes auriculatus

Copper rockfish, Sebastes caurinus

Greenstriped rockfish, Sebastes elongatus

Yellowtail rockfish, Sebastes flavidus

Quillback rockfish, Sebastes rnaliger

Black rockfish, Sebastes melanops

Bocaccio, Sebastes paucispinis

Canary rockfish, Sebastes pinni~er

Redstripe rockfish, Sebastes proriger

Yelloweye rockfish, Sebastes ruberrimus

Sablefishes - Anoplopomatidae Sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria

Greenlings - Hexagrammidae Kelp greenling, Hexagramnos decagrammus

Whitespotted greenling, Hexagrammos stelleri

Lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus

Sculpins - Cottidae Red Irish Lord, Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus

Pacific staghorn sculpin, Leptocottus armatus

Cabezon, Scorpaenichthys rnarmoratus

Lefteye flounders - Bothidae Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus

Righteye flounders - Pleuronectidae Arrowtooth flounder, Atheresthes stomias

Petrale sole, Eopsetta jordani

Flathead sole, Hippoglossoides elassodon

Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis

rock sole, Lepidopsetta bilineata

English sole, Parophrys vetulus

Starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus

C-0 sole, Pleuronichthys coenosus

Sand sole, Psettichthys melanostictus

CODS AND HAKE

The fishes in this family, Gadidae, are real cod and quite common in

the waters of Puget Sound. Included in this group are walleye pollock, Pacific

hake, tomcod, and Pacific cod. Tomcod and Pacific cod are regarded highly

by experienced anglers who know quality foodfish. Pollock is of lesser value,

and hake is regarded as a nuisance to anglers.

Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus Pacific hake, Merluccius productus Pacific torncod, Microgadus proximus Walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma

NOTE: A l l photos have been de le t ed from t h i s r e p o r t

but w i l l be a v a i l a b l e i n t h e pub l i ca t ion .

' ,

Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus

Local Names: True cod, gray cod, cod, Alaska cod.

Recognition: Three separate dorsal fins; the anus is located ventrally below the second dorsal; "whiskert1 below lower jaw is as long as or longer than eye. Brown to gray on back. Numerous brown spots and vermi- culated coloration on back and sides.

Distribution: Common from southern California to Alaska. 14,21

Washington Distribution: Very common in almost all marine waters of this state. Polnell Point, Holmes Harbor, Possession Point, Port Madison, Port Orchard, Rich Passage, Dalco Passage, and Hale Passage are very good areas.

Habitat: Occurs over a wide variety of bottom types (generally mud silt) from shallow to deep water. During winter months, forms large spawning schools; at times found off bottom.

Utilization: Important in commercial catch; 1-2 million pounds are landed annually from Puget Sound. Eagerly sought by a growing number of sport anglers in Washington.

Size: To 39 inches. 14

Usually smaller (to 28 inches--71.3 cm) in Puget Sound, but individuals over 10 pounds are not uncmon.

Eating Qualities: Excellent--firm white flesh; 3-7 pound individuals highest quality and less parasitized. Highly recommended in recipes for (1) fish and chips, (2) poached fish, (3) steamed fish, and (4) smoked fish.

Baits and Lures: Herring, jigs, rubber worms.

Additional References:

1. Alderdice and Forrester 1971. 2. Alverson 1960. 3. Alverson, Pruter, and Ronholt 1964. 4. Andriashev 1937. 5. Barraclough, Robinson, and Fulton 1968. 6. Cobb 1927. 7. DeLacy, Miller, and Borton 1972. 8. Fish. Res. Board Canada 1966. 9, 10. Forrester 1964a, b. 11. Forrester and Ketchen 1955. 12. Grinols 1965. 13, 14. Hart 1949, 1973. 15. Haw and Buckley 1971. 16. Kennedy 1970. 17, 18. Ketchen 1961, 1964. 19. Larkin and Richer 1964. 20. Matsubara 1955. 21. Miller and Lea 1972. 22. Moiseev 1953. 23. Nikolfskii 1961. 24. Okada 1955. 25, 26, 27. Phillips 1951, 1953, 1958. 28. Pinkas 1967. 29. Popov 1933. 30. Rass 1953. 31. Schultz and Welander 1935. 32. Schmidt 1950. 33, 34. Thompson 1962, 1963. 35. Wilimovsky, Peden and Peppar 1967.

Figure 2 Known distribution of Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, in Puget Sound.

P a c i f i c hake, Merluccius productus

Local Names: S i l v e r cod, white f i s h , haddock, b u t t e r f i s h , mellusa.

Recognition: Two d o r s a l f i n s wi th t h e second d o r s a l and t h e ana l f i n both long and notched. There i s no "whisker1' under t h e jaw. The mouth i s l a r g e wi th sharp t ee th . Dark o r s i l v e r y gray on back. Black i n s i d e mouth.

D i s t r ibu t ion : From Baja C a l i f o r n i a t o Alaska. 13,17

Washington Dis t r ibu t ion : C ~ o n i n south Puget Sound, t h e S e a t t l e and Evere t t a r e a , and Hood Canal. Very abundant i n Por t Susan dur ing t h e winter . Found i n much smaller numbers along t h e S t r a i t of Juan de Fuca and San Juans. Puget Sound s tocks a r e known t o be d i s c r e t e from c o a s t a l stocks.

Habi ta t : Usually found over a nonrocky bottom i n moderate water depths. Often found well of f bottom.

U t i l i z a t i o n : A l a r g e corrmercial f i s h e r y e x i s t s during t h e winter around t h e Evere t t a rea . Almost a l l f i s h caught a r e used f o r animal food. Large f o r e i g n f l e e t s t ake g r e a t numbers of hake annual ly o f f t h e coas t of North America. Sold i n Russia a s f resh- f rozen product.

13 Size: To 3 f e e t along c o a s t , somewhat smaller i n Puget: Sound. Specimens

t o 27 inches (68.6 cm) have been c o l l e c t e d i n Puget Sound.

B a i t s and Lures: Herr ing, j i g s .

Eat ing Q u a l i t i e s : F lesh i s very s o f t i f no t cared f o r proper ly (b leed , ev i s - c e r a t e , and i c e immediately). Smaller i nd iv idua l s wi th fewer p a r a s i t e s .

Addi t ional References:

1. Ahlstrom and Counts 1955. 2. Alton and Nelson 1970. 3. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 1964. 4. Barraclough 1967a. 5. Barraclough, Robinson, and Ful ton 1968. 6. Best 1963a. 7. Conway 1967. 8. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 9. Ginsburg 1954. 10. Gotsha l l 1969. 11. Gr inols 1965. 12. Gr inols and Tillman 1970. 13. Hart 1973. 14. Haw and Buckley 1971. 15 , 16. MacGregor 1966, 1971. 17. M i l l e r and Lea 1972. 18. Mi l l ikan and P a t t i e 1970. 19. Nelson and Larkins 1970. 20, 21. Robinson, Barraclough, and Ful ton 1968a, b , 22. Shippen and Alton 1967.

Figure 3 Known distribution of Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, in Puget Sound.

Pacific tomcod, Microgadus proximus

Local Names: Tomcod, and piciata.

Recognition: Three dorsal fins, with the anus under the first dorsal; the "whiskert' on the lower jaw is about as long as the diameter of the eye. Olive green on back with creamy white sides.

Distribution: From central California to Alaska. 4

Washington Distribution: Found in all marine waters of Washington. Common in San Juan-Bellingharn area as well as around Seattle, Port Orchard, and south Puget Sound. Less common in Hood Canal and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. 2

Habitat: Found over mud silt bottoms. Often found in shallow water in summer.

Utilization: Not the specific target of a commercial fishery.

Size: To 12 inches (30 cm).

Baits and Lures: Herring, rubber worms, jigs.

Eating Qualities: Excellent--firm white flesh. Smaller sizes require a little extra work in cleaning and filleting.


1. Cobb 1927. 2. DeLacy, Miller, and Borton 1972. 3, 4. Hart 1949, 1973. 5. Haw and Buckley 1971. 6. Isaacson 1965. 7. Lamb 1969. 8. Miller and Lea 1972. 9. Wilimovsky 1964.

F i g u r e 4 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of P a c i f i c tomcod, Microgadus proximus, i n Puget Sound.

Walleye Pollock, Theragra chalcogramma

Local Names: Pollock, whiting.

Recognition: Three well separated dorsal fins. The anus is below the space between first and second dorsals. IWhisker1' on lower jaw small or absent. The eyes are relatively large. Dark green to brown on back (often blotched), silvery on sides.

Distribution: Central California to Alaska. 10

Washington Distribution: Found in all marine waters of Washington. Very common in Strait of Juan de Fuca, central and south Puget Sound. Less common elsewhere.

Habitat: Prefers soft bottoms in moderate depths.

Utilization: An important commercial species in the North Pacific and Bering Sea. Small amounts are landed locally for animal food.

Size: Length to 3 ft. Usually smaller in Puget Sound (22 inches--56 cm).

Baits and Lures: Herring, j igs.


1. Alverson, Pruter, and Ronholt 1964. 2. Armstrong and Winslow 1968. 3. Barraclough 1967a. 4. Barraclough, Robinson, and Fulton 1968. 5. Clemens and Wilby 1961. 6. Cobb 1927. 7. DeLacy, Miller, and Borton 1972. 8. Grinols 1965. 9, 10. Hart 1949, 1973. 11. Haw and Buckley 1971. 12. Larkin and Richer 1964. 13. Matsubara 1955. 14. Miller and Lea 1972. 15. Nikollskii 1961. 16. Okada 1955. 17, 18. Phillips 1942, 1943. 19, 20. Robinson, Barraclough, and Fulton 1968a, b. 21. Wilimovsky, Peden, and Peppar 1967.

Figure 5 Known distribution of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, in Puget Sound.

SURFPERCHES

I n Puget Sound, t h e sur fperches , family Embiotocidae, have t h r e e repre-

s e n t a t i v e s t h a t a r e important i n t h e spor t ca tch . These inc lude t h e sh ine r

perch, s t r i p e d seaperch, and p i l e perch. This family i s an important group

t o t h e shore-bound a n g l e r , being c l o s e l y a s soc ia t ed wi th barnacle- and mussel-

encrus ted p i l i n g s . I n a d d i t i o n , t hey a r e important forage spec ie s f o r numerous

p reda to r f i s h species .

A r a t h e r unique group, t h e eggs a r e f e r t i l i z e d and develop i n t e r n a l l y ,

being r e l eased a s min ia tu re r e p l i c a s of t h e parent . A pregnant female taken

i n e a r l y summer w i l l very l i k e l y abor t s eve ra l dozen o f f sp r ing .

Shiner perch, Cyrnatogaster aggreaa ta S t r i p e d seaperch, Embiotoca l a t e r a l i s P i l e perch , Rhacochilus vacca

NOTE: A l l photos have been de le t ed from t h i s r e p o r t

but w i l l be a v a i l a b l e i n t h e pub l i ca t ion .

Shiner perch, Cymatogaster aggregata

Local Names: Shiner seaperch, yellow s h i n e r , s h i n e r , bayperch, poggie.

Recognition: Large sca l e s . There i s no f o l d of s k i n a t t ach ing lower jaw t o l i p . S i lve ry . May have t h r e e yellow v e r t i c a l bands on s ides .

D i s t r ibu t ion : From nor the rn Baja C a l i f o r n i a t o southern Alaska. 11

Washington Dis t r ibu t ion : Found i n a l l marine waters of t h i s s t a t e . Very common throughout Puget Sound, Hood4 Canal, and t h e San Juans. Less abundant i n t h e S t r a i t of Juan de Fuca.

Hab i t a t : During summer and f a l l , found i n schools i n shal low water. During t h e winter they apparent ly move i n t o deeper water.

U t i l i z a t i o n : Sometimes used f o r b a i t . There i s a l imi t ed market f o r human consumption.

S ize : Length t o 6 inches. 11

B a i t s and Lures: Clams, mussels , shrimp, worms.

Eat ing Q u a l i t i e s : Occasional ly ea t en d r i e d o r pickled. Considered a de l i cacy by Chinese.


1. Anderson and Bryan 1970. 2. Arai 1967. 3. C lo th ie r 1950. 4. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 5. Earnest and Benvi l le 1972. 6. Eigenmann 1894. 7. Gordon 1965. 8. Hart 1973. 9. Haw and Buckley 1971. 10. Hubbs 1917, 1921. 11. Mi l l e r and Lea 1972. 12. Roedel 1953. 13. Shaw, Al len , and Stone 1974. 14. Smith 1969. 15. Suornela 1931. 16. Tarp 1952. 17. Turner 1952. 18, 19. Wiebe 1968a, b.

Figure 7 Known distribution of shiner perch, Cymatogaster aggregata, in Puget Sound.

Striped seaperch, Embiotoca lateralis

Local Names: Blue perch, crugnoli.

Recognition: Several bright blue stripes running along body. Relatively short dorsal fin. Copper color on back with about 15 blue stripes running along body.

Distribution: Pt. Cobras, Baja California to southeast Alaska (Port rang el). 5 ,a

Washington Distribution: Very common in southern an9 central Puget Sound. Less common in San Juans and Strait of Juan de Fuca.

Habitat: During summer and fall, found in shallow water in schools. Found over rocks or often in kelp and eel grass beds.

Utilization: Small amounts caught commercially in this area. Small fishery exists in northern California. Important to shore-bound angler.

Size: Length to 15 inches. 5

Baits and Lures: Clams, mussels, shrimp, worms, small spinners, and flies.

Eating Qualities: Good.


1. Arai 1967. 2. DeLacy, Miller, and Borton 1972. 3. Edwards 1970. 4. Fraser 1923. 5. Hart 1972. 6. Haw and Buckley 1971. 7. Grose 1968. 8. Miller and Lea 1972. 9. Roedel 1953. 10. Smith 1969. 11. Swedberg 1965. 12. Tarp 1952.

Figure 8 Known distribution of striped perch, Embiotoca lateralis, in Puget Sound.

P i l e perch, Rhacochilus vacca

Local Names: P i l e seaperch, dusky seaperch, po rg ie , white seaperch, s i l v e r perch.

Recognition: The d o r s a l f i n h a s a low spiny s e c t i o n followed by a much higher s o f t rayed sec t ion . The t a i l i s deeply forked. Dark gray o r brown on back. S i l v e r y on s ides.

D i s t r ibu t ion : Northern Baja C a l i f o r n i a t o southern Alaska. 6

Washington DiBSribution: Common throughout a l l of Puget Sound. Less common elsewhere.

Habi ta t : P r e f e r s rocky bottoms i n shallow water.

U t i l i z a t i o n : Small amounts caught commercially i n t h e P a c i f i c Northwest. There i s a commercial f i s h e r y i n nor thern Ca l i fo rn ia . Important t o shor ebound angler .

Size: Length t o 17 i n ~ h e s . ~ Ind iv idua l s have been r epor t ed over 19 inches (about 5 l b ) from Puget Sound.

B a i t s and Lures: Clams, mussels , shrimp, worms, smelt , c r abs , small sp inners , and f l i e s .

Ea t ing Qua l i t i e s : Good

Addit ional References:

1. Arai 1967. 2. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 3 . Eigenrnann and Ulrey 1894. 4. Hart 1973. 5. Haw and Buckley 1971. 6. Mi l l e r and Lea 1972. 7. Morgan 1961. 8. Randolph 1898. 9. Roedel 1953. 10. Smith 1969. 11. Tarp 1952. 12. Wales 1929. 13. Wares 1968. 14. Wilimovsky 1954.

Figure 9 Known distribution of pile perch, Rhacochilus vacca, in Puget Sound.

ROCKFISHES

The rockf i shes a r e by f a r t h e most important marine f i s h group i n Puget

Sound. There a r e known t o be 21 members of t h e family Scorpaenidae i n t h e

1 "Sound" ; however, f i v e of them (brown, copper, qu i l lback , b l ack , and yellow-

t a i l ) make up 85-90% of t h e t o t a l bot tomfish catch--both i n c i d e n t a l ( t o

salmon) and s p e c i f i c ca t ches , while some o t h e r s a r e sel.dom caught .2 Local

names f o r t h i s spec ie s wrongly a s s o c i a t e them with t h e c:ods, sea bass , and

snapper ( a t r o p i c a l deep-water spec ies) . I n no c a s e i s t h e r e any r e l a t i o n .

The va r ious spec ie s resemble each o t h e r i n body shape but may d i f f e r r a d i c a l l y

i n co lor .

Rockfish, l i k e t h e sur fperches , have an unusual l i f e h i s t o r y i n t h a t

t hey g ive b i r t h t o l i v e young. Unlike t h e sur fperches , t h e young a r e born

a s l a rvae which a r e i n i t i a l l y pe lagic . A female r o c k f i s h may c a r r y 1,000,000

o r more eggs, o r l a r v a e , t h e number varying widely between species . The

time of spawning v a r i e s by spec ie s but i s u sua l ly between winter and summer.

Some spec ies (rasphead and copper r o c k f i s h ) have been found t o con ta in f e r t i -

l i z e d eggs i n summer, which probably means a minor spawning per iod occurs

i n f a l l a l so .

Brown r o c k f i s h , 2. a u r i c u l a t u s Copper r o c k f i s h , 2. caur inus Greens t r ipe r o c k f i s h , 2. e longatus Yel lowta i l r o c k f i s h , S. f l a v i d u s Quil lback rockf i sh , 5; ma1 i g e r Black r o c k f i s h , 2. melanops Bocaccio , 2. p a u c i s p i n i s Canary r o c k f i s h , 2. p i n n i g e r Reds t r ipe r o c k f i s h , 2. p r o r i g e r Rasphead r o c k f i s h , 2. ruberr imus

1 DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 2 Buckley 1970.

NOTE: All photos have been deleted from this report

but will be available in the publication.

Brown r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes a u r i c u l a t u s

Local Names: Bol ina, sand b a s s , rock cod.

Recogni t ion: S imi l a r t o copper rock f i sh . Brown body wi th dark spot on g i l l cover. Dark t o l i g h t brown, head and body wi th dark vague b a r s a c r o s s back.

D i s t r i b u t i o n : H i p o l i t o yay, Baja C a l i f o r n i a ~ t o sou theas t Alaska. Not common n o r t h of Washington.

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : F a i r l y c o T o n i n Puget Sound. Rare ly found i n San Juans , o r S t r a i t of Juan de Fuca.

Hab i t a t : Widely spread i n shal low water ( t o 180 f t ) .

U t i l i z a t i o n : Caught c o m e r c i a l l y bu t no t sought s p e c i f i c a l l y .

4 S ize : To 20 inches. Uncommon over 15 inches , bu t a specimen 17 inches (43.2

cm) and 4 pounds was taken i n Puget Sound.

B a i t s and Lures: Her r ing , squ id , c r ab , clams, a r t i f i c i a l worms, j i g s .

Ea t ing Q u a l i t i e s : Excel lent--s teamed, baked, o r f r i e d .

Add i t i ona l References:

1. DeLacy and Dryfoos 1962. 2. DeLacy, H i t z , and Dryfoos 1964. 3. DeLacy Miller, and Borton 1972. 4. Hart 1973. 5. H i t z 1965. 6. H i t z and DeLacy 1961. 7. Miller and Lea 1972. 8. P h i l l i p s 1957. 9. Roche and Hals tead 1972. 10. Wilimovsky 1954.

3b' 1230 30' ~. 1220 --

Figure 11 Known distribution of brown rockfish, Sebastes auriculatus, in Puget Sound.

Copper rockfish, Sebastes caurinus

Local Names: Whitebelly rockfish, white gopher, barriga blanca, palermotana, copper cod, northern rockfish, bracea, rock cod.

Recognition: Coppery brown coloration, dark fins, light-ly colored along posterior two-thirds of lateral line. Black and dark brown to olive brown, with some copper color; occasionally yellow patches.

Distribution: From Monterey, California, to Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. 3

Washington Distribution: Very common throughout Puget Sound, San Juans, and S rait. of Juan de Fuca. One of the most commorl rockfish in Puget Sound. 5

Habitat: Prefers rocky bottoms or kelp beds. Most often found in shallow water (less than 100 ft).

Utilization: The copper rockfish makes up a significant portion of the commercial catch in Puget Sound. Salmon anglers often catch this fish while fishing in water less than 100 feet deep.

Size: To 20 in~hes.~ A number of individuals have been collected from Puget Sound that exceed 20-314 inches (52.7 cm).

Baits and Lures: Herring, squid, crab, clams, worms, artificial lures.

Eating Qualities: Excellent--steamed, baked, or fried.

Additional References: -. 1. DeLacy, Hitz, and Dryfoos 1964. 2. DeLacy, Miller, and Borton 1972. 3. Hart 1973. 4. Haw and Buckley 1971. 5, 6. Hitz 1961, 1965. 7, 8. Hitz and DeLacy 1960, 1965. 9. Miller and Lea 1972. 10. Patten 1973. 11. Schultz and DeLacy 1936. 12. Westrheim 1966a.

Figure 1 2 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of copper r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes cau r inus , i n Puget Sound.

Greens t r i pe r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes e longa tus

Local Names: Strawberry r o c k f i s h , s e r ena , r ima, p o i n s e t t a , s t r i p e d rock f i sh .

Recogni t ion: Dis t inguished by i t s s l ende r body and green h o r i z o n t a l s t r i p e s on body. Body i s p i n k i s h r e d wi th f o u r h o r i z o n t a l s t r i p e s .

D i s t r i b u t i o n : Cedros I s l a n d , Baja C a l i f o r n i a t o t h e Montague I s l a n d , ~ l a s k a . ~ , ~

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : Most abundant i n Hood Canal. 3

Habi ta t : Not known. P r e f e r s deep water ( g r e a t e r t han 100 f t ) .

U t i l i z a t i o n : Small p o r t i o n of i n c i d e n t a l cormnercial ca tch .

4 S ize : To 15 inches. Larges t s p e c i m e n f r o m p u g e t S o u n d 1 3 - 3 / 4 i n c h e s (34.9

cm).

B a i t s and Lures: Her r ing , a r t i f i c i a l l u r e s .

Ea t ing Q u a l i t i e s : Good.

Addi t iona l References:

1. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 1964. 2. DeLacy, H i t z , and Dryfoos 1964. 3. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 4. Har t 1973. 5. H i t z 1962. 6. M i l l e r and Lea 1972. 7. P h i l l i p s 1957. 8. Roche and Hats tead 1972. 9. Smith 1936. 10. Westrheim 1966. 11. Westrheim, Har l i ng , Davenport and Smith 1968.

Figure 13 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of g r e e n s t r i p e r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes e longa tus , i n Puget Sound.

Yel lowta i l rock f i sh , Sebastes f l a v i d u s

Local Names: Green snapper, g i o l a , g i a l o t a , chune, yel low rockf ish .

Recognition: Body co lo r greenish t o o l i v e green. T a i l i s a d e f i n i t e yellow, vaguely s t reaked wi th brown.

Di s t r ibu t ion : San Diego, C a l i f o r n i a , t o Kodiak I s l a n d , Alaska. 6 , 9

Washington Dis t r ibu t ion : Found throughout Puget Sound, Hood Canal, and San Juans. Very common along t h e coas t .

Habi ta t : Younger f i s h form schools of f bottom i n shallow water , while o l d e r f i s h can be found i n both deep ( t o 900 f t during day) and shallow water.

U t i l i z a t i o n : Of cons iderable importance (up t o 3 m i l l i o n l b annual ly) t o commercial f i s h e r y , a long t h e Washington coas t . A very Eine s p o r t f i s h .

6 Size: To 26 inches; i n Puget Sound uncommon over 15 inches o r 2 pounds.

B a i t s and Lures: Herr ing, squid, p lugs , spoons, f l i e s , rubber worms.

Eat ing Qua l i t i e s : Excel len t .


1. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 1964. 2. Carlson and Haight 1972. 3 . DeLacy, H i t z , and Dryfoos 1964. 4. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 5. Gr ino l s 1965. 6. Hart 1973. 7. Haw and Buckley 1971. 8. H i t z 1962. 9. Mi l l e r and Lea 1972. 10. Pereyra, Pearcy, and Karvey 1969. 11, 12. P h i l l i p s 1957, 1964. 13. Westr- heim 1966.

Figure 14 Known distribution of yellowtail rockfish, Sebastes flavidus, in Puget Sound.

Quillback rockfish, Sebastes maliger

Local Names: Orange spotted rockfish, yellow backed rockfis:h, brown rockfish, speckled rockfish, rock cod.

Recognition: Very similar to the copper rockfish. Can be distinguished by high fin on back, yellowish blotch on back, dark fins, and freckles. Brown with yellow or tan areas behind head and brownish freckles on jaw. Fins are dark.

Distribution: From central California (point Sur) to Gulf of Alaska. 4,6

Washington Distribution: Common throughout Puget Sound, San uans, and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Most common rockfish in Puget Sound. 5

Habitat: Prefers rocky bottoms and obstructions on bottom--such as sunken logs, ships or rock piles. Found in 10 to over 500 feet of water.

Utilization: Quillbacks make up a significant portion of the commercial catch of rockfish in Puget Sound. Many are taken by sports fishermen, a large portion incidental to salmon.

4 Size: To 24 inches ; uncommon over 15 inches in Puget Sound (to 15-518 inches--39.8 cm or 2-3/4 lb).

Baits and Lures: Herring, candlefish, squid, worms, crabs, plugs, spoons, flies, jigs, rubber worms.

Eating Qualities: Excellent.


1. Alverson, Pruter, and Ronholt 1964. 2. DeLacy, Miller, and Borton 1972. 3. Grinols 1965. 4. Hart 1973. 5. Haw and Buckley 1971. 6. Miller and Lea 1972. 7. Phillips 1957. 8. Roche and Holstead 1972. 9. Wilimovsky 1954.

Figure 15 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of q u i l l b a c k r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes ma l ige r , i n Puget Sound.

Black r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes melanops

Local Names: Black snapper , b l ack b a s s , ne ro , cherna , c o a s t a l b lack r o c k f i s h , Columbia River r o c k f i s h , blackcod, sea bass .

Recognition: Has l a r g e eyes. When t h e mouth i s c lo sed , t h e upper jaw extends a t l e a s t t o t h e r e a r of t h e eye ( d i s t i n g u i s h e s from b l u e r o c k f i s h ) , b lack over e n t i r e head and body except f o r w h i t i s h b e l l y .

D i s t r i b u t i o n : From southern C a l i f o r n i a t o t h e Gulf of Alaska. 3 ,4 ,6

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : Common i n a l l ma i n e waters of Washington except f o r sou th Puget Sound where it i s absent . 5

Habi ta t : Kelp beds , rocky sho re l i ne s . I n summer it i s found i n shal low water. These f i s h a r e o f t e n found o f f t h e bottom.

U t i l i z a t i o n : A small number a r e t aken a s an i n c i d e n t a l c a t c h i n t h e commercial f i s h e r y . Very f i n e l i g h t - g e a r s p o r t f i s h .

Size: To 23 i n ~ h e s . ~ Specimens t o 22 inches (56 cm) and 6 pounds i n Puget Sound with, unconfirmed r e p o r t s of f i s h up t o 10 pounds.

B a i t s and Lures: Her r ing , squ id , p lugs , spoons, sp inne r s , f l i e s , rubber worms, j i g s .

Ea t ing Q u a l i t i e s : Exce l l en t .


1. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 1964. 2. DeLacy, M i l l e ~ r , and Borton 1972. 3. Dunn and Hi t z 1969. 4. Hart 1973. 5. Haw and Buckley 1971. 6. M i l l e r and Lea 1972. 7. P h i l l i p s 1957. 8. Wilimovsky 1954.

Figure 16 Known distribution of black rockfish, Sebastes melanops, in Puget Sound.

Bocaccio, Sebas tes p a u c i s p i n i s

Local Names: Salmon grouper , tomcod, rock cod, spo t t ed rock f i sh .

Recogni t ion: Large mouth. Lower jaw ex tends beyond upper jaw. Dull r ed on head and back. May be pink on s i d e s w i t h dark b l o t c h e s on s ides .

D i s t r i b u t i o n : Baja C a l i f o r n i a t o B r i t i s h Columbia. 3 y 4

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : R e l a t i v e l y common i n no r the rn Puget Sound and Hood Canal. Less common i n south Puget Sound. 2

Hab i t a t : P r e f e r s deep water (more t h a n 100 f t ) deep. May be found over a v a r i e t y of hard bottom types .

U t i l i z a t i o n : Caught commercially i n Washington and B r i t i s h Columbia. An important cormnercial s p e c i e s i n C a l i f o r n i a . Recent ly , an important s p o r t s p e c i e s i n south Puget Sound.

Size: To 36 i n ~ h e s . ~ Specimens t o 28-314 inches (73 cm) and 13 pounds c o l - l e c t e d from Puget Sound wi th r e p o r t s of l a r g e r specimens 15 pounds unve r i f i ed .

B a i t s and Lures: Her r ing , squ id , j i g s .

Ea t ing Q u a l i t i e s : F a i r . A l i t t l e g r a i n i e r f l e s h t h a n o t h e r rock f i sh . F l e sh e x c e p t i o n a l l y f a t t y f o r a rock f i sh . Smaller f i s h i n 3-5 pound range b e s t .

Add i t i ona l References:

1. Davenport 1966. 2. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 3. Hart 1973. 4. M i l l e r and Lea 1972. 5. Moser 1967. 6 , 7. P h i l l i p s 1964. 8. Roche and Hal- s t e a d 1972. 9. Westrheim 1966b.

- - .

Figure 17 Known distribution of bocaccio, Sebastes paucispinis, in Puget Sound.

Canary rockfish, Sebastes pinniger

Local Names: Orange rockfish, yellow snapper, codalargo, filione, fantail, red rock cod, red snapper, bosco.

Recognition: Head and body orange with some dark speckles on back. Fins are bright orange.

Distribution: Baja California to southeast Alaska. 3 y 5

Washington Distribut 'on: Found in northern Puget Sound, Sa11 ~uans , and Strait of Juan de Fuca. i?

Habitat: Prefers deep water (deeper than 150 ft). Found over hard bottom.

Utilization: An important part of the coastal commercial catch. Marketed "red snapper. 'I

Size: To 30 inches.' Specimens to 22 inches (56.4 cm) and 6 pounds collected from Puget Sound.

Baits and Lures: Herring, candlefish, squid, jigs, rubber worms.



1. Alverson, Pruter, and Ronholt 1964. 2. DeLacy, Miller, and Borton 1972. 3. Hart 1973. 4. Haw and Buckley 1971. 5. Miller and Lea 1972. 6,7. Phillips 1957, 1964. 8. Waldron 1968. 9. Westrheim 1966b.

Figure 18 Known distribution of canary rockfish, Sebastes pinniger, in Puget Sound.

Reds t r i pe r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes p r o r i g e r

Local Names: L i t t l e r e d rock cod, r e s t r i p e cod.

Recogni t ion: C lea r red s t r i p e running t h e f u l l l eng th of t h e l a t e r a l l i n e cana l . Green s t r i p e s r a d i a t i n g from eyes. Pa l e r e d , mo t t l ed w i t h green and yellow.

D i s t r i b u t i o n : San Diego, C a l i f o r n i a , t o t h e Bering Sea. 4 ,5

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : Moderately common i n San Juanq and no r the rn Puget Sound. Also found i n Hood Canal and south Puget Sound.

Hab i t a t : P r e f e r s moderately deep water over rocky bottoms.

U t i l i z a t i o n : An i n c i d e n t a l commercial spec ies .

S ize : Length t o 20 inches4 , uncommon over 12 inches (30 cm) i n Puget Sound. 2

B a i t s and Lures: He r r ing , j i g s , rubber worms.



1. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 1964. 2. DeLacy, M i l l e r and Borton 1972. 3. Gr ino l s 1965. 4. Hart 1973. 4. M i l l e r and Lea 1972. 6. hilli ips 1957. 7. Wilimovsky 1954.

Figure 19 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of r e d s t r i p e r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes p r o r i g e r , i n Puget Sound.

Yelloweye r o c k f i s h , Sebas tes ruberr imus

Local Names: Red snapper , pot b e l l y , drum, tambor, vecchia , red rock cod, cowfish, tu rkey r o c k f i s h , rasphead rock f i sh .

Recognition: Orange r ed co lo ra t ion . The f i n s a r e t i pped wi th black and t h e eye i s a b r i g h t yellow. Orange yel low over head and body. May be some b lack m o t t l i n g around head.

D i s t r i b u t i o n : Baja C a l i f o r n i a t o Gulf of ~ l a s k a . ~ , "

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : Common i n c o a s t a l waters . San Juan I s l a n d s , S t r a i t of Juan de Fuca, Puget Sound, and Hood Canal. 5

Hab i t a t : Found over r e e f s i n deep water (deeper than 200 f t ) .

U t i l i z a t i o n : Important commercial spec ies . Usual ly caught by s e t l i n e s . Sold a s "red snapper." Highly p r i zed by most a n g l e r s because of i t s l a r g e average s i z e .

S ize : To 36 inches.8 Specimens t o 27-314 inches (70.1 cm) and 16 pounds have been c o l l e c t e d i n Puget Sound wi th unconfirmed r e p o r t s of l a r g e r specimens.

B a i t s and Lures: Herr ing, squid , j i g s , spoons, spinners .

Ea t ing Q u a l i t i e s : Exce l len t .


1. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 1964. 2. Barsukov 1964. 3. DeLacy, and Dryfoos 1962. 4. DeLacy, H i t z , and Dryfoos 1964. 5. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 6. Gr inols 1965. 7 , 8. Hart 1942, 1973. 9. Haw and Buckley 1971. 10. M i l l e r and Lea 1972. 11. P h i l l i p s 1957. 12. Welander and Alverson 1954. 13. Wilimovsky 1954.

Figure 20 Known distribution of yelloweye rockfish, Sebastes ruberrimus, in Puget Sound.

SABLEFISH

S a b l e f i s h belong t o t h e s k i l f i s h f ami ly , Anoplopomatidae, and a r e a l s o

known a s blackcod (no r e l a t i o n t o P a c i f i c cod ) , t h e a d u l t s of t h i s s p e c i e s

a r e seldom, i f e v e r , found i n Puget Sound. S a b l e f i s h a r e a v a i l a b l e t o Puget

Sound a n g l e r s a s I - , 2-, and 3-year-old juveni les - -probably having en t e r ed

t h e Sound a s p e l a g i c eggs o r l a r v a e i n water masses from t h e ocean o r t h e

S t r a i t of Juan de Fuca. The a d u l t female w i l l produce s e v e r a l hundred thousand

f r ee - f l o a t i n g eggs.

Even though much smal le r t han a d u l t s which can grow t o 40 inches i n

l e n g t h and over 126 pounds , t h e youngs te rs found i n t h e "Sound" a r e " a l l ey

f i g h t e r s , " p u t t i n g up a more t han r e s p e c t a b l e b a t t l e from t h e i r bottom home a t

100 o r so f e e t t o t h e sur face . This s p e c i e s i s ga in ing p o p u l a r i t y amongst

bottom a n g l e r s because of t h e f i r m whi te f l e s h and t h e h igh o i l c o n t e n t , which

makes it a prime smoking f i s h .

S a b l e f i s h , Anoplopoma f imbr i a



Sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria

Local Names: Blackcod, coalfish, blue cod, butterfish.

Recognition: No spines on head or body. Two well-separated dorsal fins, that are almost equal in size. Black or greenish gray on back with a light gray on underside.

Distribution: Baja California to Alaska. 17

Washington Distribution: Found in almost all marine waters of this state. L L

Common in Strait of Juan de Fuca, northern Puget Sound. Puget Sound has only juveniles. Species leaves by the end of its third year.

Habitat: Found over flat mud silt bottoms over a wide variety of depths.

Utilization: An important coastal commercial species, 40 thousand tons are landed annually, mainly by foreign fishing vessels off the coast. Prized in Midwest as Alaska blackcod--a smoked product. ( ~ e careful, the oil will burn up your electric smoker.)

Size: To 40 inches17 along coast; much smaller (23-112 inches--59.4 cm and 4-114 lb) within Puget Sound (juveniles only).

Bait: Herring (plugged or spinner cut best).

Eating Qualities: The flesh is very oily, which results in an excellent smoked product. Good with beer or poached for breakfast.,


1. Alverson 1960. 2. Alverson, Pruter, and Ronholt 1964. 3. Andriashev 1937. 4. Bailey, Carter, and Swain 1952. 5. Bell and Gharett 1945. 6. Bell and Pruter 1958. 7. Bourne and Pope 1969. 8. Brock 1940. 9. Conway 1967. 10. Cox 1948. 11. DeLacy, Miller and Borton 1972. 12. Edson 1.954. 13, 14. Fish- eries Research Board Canada 1966, 1967. 15. Grinols 1965. 16. Grinols and Gill 1968. 17. Hart 1973. 18. Haw and Buckley 1971. 19. Heyarnoto 1963. 20. Heyamoto and Alton 1964. 21. Holmberg and Jones 1954. 22, 23. Kennedy 1968, 1970. 24. Kennedy and Pletcher 1968. 25. Ketchen and Forrester 1954. 26. Larkin and Ricker 1964. 27. Matsubara 1955. 28. Miller and Lea 1972. 29. Nikol'skii 1961. 30. Pasquale 1964. 31, 32. Phillips 1952, 1958a, 33. Phil- lips, Clothier, and Fry 1954. 34, 35. Pruter 1954, 1959. 36. Roedel 1953. 37. Thompson 1941.

30' 123' 30' 122O Figure 22 Known distribution of sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, in Puget

Sound.

GREENLINGS

Members of this family, Hexagramidae, vary widely in coloration and

size from the smaller whitespotted greenling to the massive lingcod (no

relation to Pacific cod, rockfish, or sablefish), which have been caught

weighing up to 105 pounds in British Columbia. Only the lingcod is of comer-

cia1 importance to the United States.

Kelp greenling, Hexagrammus decagramos Whitespotted greenling, Hexagrammos stellari Lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus

NOTE: A l l photos have been deleted from t h i s report

but w i l l be avai lable i n the publication.

Kelp g r e e n l i n g , Hexagrammus decagrammos

Recogni t ion : Two p a i r s of " f l e shy f l a p s " above e y e s , long d o r s a l f i n w i t h about 21 s p i n e s and f i v e l a t e r a l l i n e s on body. Color depends on sex. Females have a s l a t e brown o r g r ay body covered w i t h round r e d d i s h spo ts . The males have s l a t e brown o r g r ay bod i e s w i t h l a r g e t u r q u o i s e s p o t s on t h e head and a n t e r i o r p a r t of body.

D i s t r i b u t i o n : From Los Angeles Harbor t o ~ l a s k a . ~ r 7

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : Found i n moderate numbers, i n S t r a i t of Juan d e Fuca, San J u a n s , Bell ingham a r e a , c e n t r a l Puget Sound. Not common i n sou th Puget Sound o r Hood Canal.4

Hab i t a t : Found i n sha l low water ove r rocky and sandy bottoms. Most common i n k e l p beds and over r e e f s .

U t i l i z a t i o n : Not caught commercially.

S i z e : Length t o 22 i n ~ h e s . ~ Specimens t o 17-1/2 i nches (44.5 cm) have been c o l l e c t e d from Puget Sound.

B a i t s and Lures: He r r i ng , c a n d l e f i s h , rubber worms.

E a t i n g Q u a l i t i e s : E x c e l l e n t .

A d d i t i i o n a l References:

1, 2 , 3. Bar rac lough 1967a, b , c. 4. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 5. Ha r t 1973. 6. Haw and Buckley 1971. 7. Miller and Lea 1972. 8 , 9. Robinson, Bar rac lough , and Fu l t on 1968a, b. 10. Roedel, Roedel 1953. 11. Wilimovsky 1964.

36' 1 230 50' 1220 Figure 24 Known distribution of kelp greenling, Hexagrammos decagrammus,

in Puget Sound.

Whitespotted greenling, Hexagramrnos stellari

Recognition: One small fleshy flap above each eye, small white spots all over body, five lateral lines. Usually mostly green but may vary from pale red to tan with dark bars or spots. White spots over body.

Distribution: Northern California to Alaska. 5 ?a

Washington Distribution: Found in moderate numbers in Strait of Juan de Fuca, San Juans, and Puget Sound.

Habitat: Prefers rocky areas in shallow water.

Utilization: Not caught commercially.

Size: Length to 24 in~hes.~ Specimens to 14-1/2 inches (37 cm) collected from Puget Sound.

Baits and Lures: Herring, candlefish, jigs, rubber worms.



1. Barraclough and Fulton 1968. 2. Barraclough, Robinson, and Fulton 1968. 3. DeLac?, Dryfoos, and Miller 1963. 4. DeLacy, Miller, and Borton 1972. 5. Hart 1973. 6. Haw and Buckley 1971. 7. Matsubata 1955. 8. Miller and Lea 1972. 9. Popov 1933. 10. Roedel 1953. 11. Schmidt 1950. 11, 12. Wilimov- sky 1954, 1964.

Figure 25 Known distribution of whitespotted greenling, Hexagrammos stellari, in Puget Sound.

Lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus

Recognition: Elongated body with l a r g e mouth, l a r g e t e e t h , and long d o r s a l f i n . Very va r i ab le . May be green t o dark brown. Color depends on environ- ment.

D i s t r ibu t ion : Baja C a l i f o r n i a t o Alaska. Grea te s t abundance i s i n v i c i n i t y of B r i t i s h ~ o l u m b i a . ~ ~ r ~ ~ ,29

Washington Dis t r ibu t ion : Found i n a l l marine waters of t h e S ta t e . Most common along t h e c o a s t , t h e western S t r a i t of Juan de Fuca and t h e San Juan I s l ands . Less c&on i n c e n t r a l Puget Sound. 15

Habi ta t : P re fe r rocky bottoms where t h e r e i s a s t rong t i d a l cur rent . Usually found i n deep water i n summer and shallow water i n winter .

U t i l i z a t i o n : An important commercial f i s h . Over 2 m i l l i o n pounds of l ingcod a r e landed annually--mostly from c o a s t a l waters.

Size: Length t o 5 f e e t , 2 4 Specimens t o 41 inches (104 cm) and 26 pounds c o l l e c t e d from Puget Sound wi th many unve r i f i ed r e p o r t s of much l a r g e r specimens.

B a i t s and Lures: Herr ing, p lugs , j i g s , spoons, rubber worms.

Eat ing Q u a l i t i e s : Excel len t . The p a l e b lue lgreen co lo r f l e s h t u r n s white during cooking.


1. Alverson 1960. 2. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 1964. 3. Bai ley , Ca r t e r , and Swain 1952. 4 , 5 , 6. Barraclough 1967a, b , c. 7 , 8. Barraclough and Ful ton 1967, 1968. 9. Bio logica l Board of Canada 1935. 10, 11, 12, 13. Chat- win 1954, 1965a, b , 1968. 14. C lo th ie r 1950. 15, DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 16, 17. F i s h e r i e s Research Board Canada 1954, 1967. 18. F i t c h 1949. 19. F o r r e s t e r 1969. 20. Gr inols 1965. 21, 22, 23, 24. Hart 1.943a, b , 1967, 1973. 25. Haw and Buckley 1971. 26. Ketchen 1950a. 27. Larkfn and Ricker 1964. 28. Mi l l e r and Lea 1972. 29. P h i l l i p s 1959. 30, 31. Robinson, Barra- clough, and Ful ton 1968a, b. 32. Roedel 1948. 33. Wendler 1953. 34. Wilby 1937.

30' 1 23O 30' 1 2 2 O Figure 26 Known distribution of lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus, in Puget Sound.

SCULPINS

The fami ly Co t t i dae i s an extremely l a r g e and d i v e r s e group. While

most a r e important a s forage f o r o t h e r f i s h e s , on ly a few spec i e s a r e l a r g e

enough t o be of t r u e r e c r e a t i o n a l importance. While t h e f l e s h of some spec i e s

i s of h igh q u a l i t y , t h e eggs of t h e Cabezon a r e extremely poisonous.

Red I r i s h l o r d , Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus P a c i f i c s taghorn s c u l p i n , Leptocot tus armatus Cabezon, Scorpaenichthys marmoratus



Red Irish lord, Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus

Local Names: Spotted Irish lord, bullhead.

Recognition: Has a single dorsal fin that has three different levels; there is a band of scales, 4-5 scales wide, surrounding dorsal fin. Variable, mainly red with mottling all over body. Not always red--some may be brownish.

Distribution: From central California to Bering Sea. y 7

Washington Distribution: Common in Puget Sound; not recorded from Hood Canal. 4

Habitat: Occurs in shallow water over rocky bottoms.

Utilization: Not caught commercially.

Size: Length to 20 inches (50.8 cm). 5

Baits and Lures: Herring, jigs, rubber worms.

Eating Qualities: Good.


1. Arai 1969. 2, 3. Barraclough 1967a, b. 4. DeLacy, Miller, and Borton 1972. 5. Hart 1973. 6. Haw and Buckley 1971. 7. Miller and Lea 1972. 8. Peden 1964. 9. Popov 1933. 10, 11. Wilimovsky 1954, 1964.

Figure 28 Known distribution of red Irish lord, Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus, in Puget Sound.

P a c i f i c s taghorn scu lp in , Leptocottus armatus

Local Names: Staghorn scu lp in , bu f fa lo scu lp in , bu f fa lo f i s h , bullhead.

Recognition: NO s c a l e s on body. There i s a l a r g e sp ine on each g i l l cover and a dark spot on t h e r e a r po r t ion of t h e spinous do r sa l f i n . Olive gray t o green wi th some yellow on back. Orange-yellow t o white on stomach.

D i s t r i b u t i o n : Baj a C a l i f o r n i a t o t h e Gulf of ~ l a s k a . 2 7 4

Washington Dis t r ibu t ion : Found i n a l l marine watefs of Washington. Very abundant throughout Puget Sound and t h e San Juans.

Habitat : Usually found i n very shallow water over nonrocky bottoms but may occur i n water over 100 f e e t deep. Often e n t e r s lower p o r t i o n s of r i v e r s and streams.

U t i l i z a t i o n : Not caught commercially. This spec ie s i s one of t h e more common ca tches f o r t h e shore o r p i e r angler . Mainly thought of a s a p e s t , but f i l l e t s a good b a i t . Try l i v e f o r l i n g cod.

Size: Length t o 18 inches (45.7 cm). 2


B a i t s and Lures: Herr ing , j i g s , rubber worms.


1. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 2. Hart 1973. 3. Haw and Buckley 1971. 4. M i l l e r and Lea 1972. 5. Roedel 1948. 6. Wilimovsky 1954.

Figure 29 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of P a c i f i c s taghorn s c u l p i n , Leptocot tus armatus, i n Puget Sound.

Cabezon, Scorpaenichthys marmoratus

Local Names: Giant marbled sculpin, bullhead, blue cod.

Recognition: Flaplike fleshy stalk on snout with a mottled appearance over head and body. Green to brown or gray over entire body, mottled with large pale areas. Color is very variable.

Distribution: Baja California to south ~laska. 417

Washington Distribution: Abundant in area of Port Orchard. Found throughout Washington shallow marine waters. 3

Habitat: Prefers shallow water (3-80 ft) over rocky and sandy bottoms.

Utilization: Caught commercially occasionally, but eaten by only the knowlege- able few.

4 Size: Length to 30 inches. Specimens to 24-112 inches (68.1 cm) and 9-114

pounds from Puget Sound with unconfirmed reports of individuals much larger.

Baits and Lures: Squid, ghost shrimp, crabs, jigs, rubber wolms.

Eating Qualities: Excellent. (Caution: the eggs are poisonous.) One of the better eating fish in Puget Sound. Don't let the greenish flesh scare you off (it turns white when cooked).


1. Barraclough 1967a. 2. Clothier 1950. 3. DeLacy, Miller, and Borton 1972. 4. Hart 1973. 5. Haw and Buckley 1971. 6. Hubbs and Wick 1951. 7. Miller and Lea 1972. 8. O'Connell 1953. 9. Pillsbury 1957. 'LO. Quast 1968. 11. Roedel 1948.

Figure 30 Known distribution of cabezon, Scorpaenichthys marmoratus, in Puget Sound.

SANDDABS - LEFT EYE FLATFISHES

The sanddabs ( f ami ly ~ o t h i d a e ) a r e ve ry abundant i n Puget Sound found

over sandy bottoms i n moderate t o shal low wa te r s , 30-80 f e e t . Dabs a r e so

vorac ious a t t imes t h a t they can be p e s t s . Included i n t h i s group a r e t h e

speckled and t h e P a c i f i c sanddab. The P a c i f i c i s t h e l a r g e r and t h e more

commonly caught i n Puget Sound. The speckled i s t o o smal l t o be cons idered

of r e c r e a t i o n a l importance.

P a c i f i c sanddab, C i t h a r i c h t h y s sord idus

NOTE: A l l photos have been d e l e t e d from t h i s r e p o r t

b u t w i l l be a v a i l a b l e i n t h e pub l i ca t ion .

P a c i f i c sanddab, C i tha r i ch thys sordidus

Local Names: Mottled sanddab, megrim, s o f t f l ounde r , sanddab.

Recognition: Mouth on l e f t s i d e of head. There i s a bony br idge between t h e eyes. The diameter of t h e lower eye i s g r e a t e r than t h e l eng th of t h e snout. On eyed s i d e , d u l l brown. May be mot t led wi th black. Blind s i d e i s whi te t o l i g h t brown.

D i s t r i b u t i o n : Baja C a l i f o r n i a t o Alaska. 8 , lO

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : Found i n a l l marine wa te r s of Washington. Espec ia l ly common around S e a t t l e , E v e r e t t , and c e n t r a l Puget Sound,. 5

Hab i t a t : Found i n shal low water ( t o 80 f t ) over a v a r i e t y of bottom types . Most common over g r a v e l , sand, o r mud bottoms.

U t i l i z a t i o n : A small commercial f i s h e r y e x i s t s i n B r i t i s h Columbia and Ca l i - f o r n i a . A ve ry good l i v e b a i t f o r l ingcod.

Size: To 16 inches. 8 Uncommon over 10 inches i n Puget Sound ( t o 10-112 inches--26.5 cm).

B a i t s and Lures: Herr ing (bes t sp inner o r plug c u t ) , po lychae tes , clams, j i g s , sp inne r s , f l i e s .

Ea t ing Q u a l i t i e s : Good--highly regarded i n C a l i f o r n i a and by many people i n t h e Puget Sound a rea . Try skinning i n s t e a d of f i l l e t i n g .


1. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 1964. 2. Arora 1951. 3. B a t t s 1964. 4. C l o t h i e r 1950. 5. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 6. Dernory 1971. 7. Gr inols 1965. 8. Hart 1973. 9. Haw and Buckley 1971. 10. M i l l e r and Lea 1972. 11. Roedel 1948. 12. Smith 1936. 13. Wilimovsky 1954.

Figure 32 Known distribution of Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus, in Puget Sound.

FLOUNDERS

This is one of the larger families (~leuronectidae), in terms of numbers

of species and individuals present in Puget Sound. This is probably due

to the fact that the major portion of Puget Sound habitat is well suited

to flatfishes--sand, mud, or silt bottoms.

Arrowtooth flounder, Atheresthes stomias Petrale sole, Eopsetta jordani Flathead sole, Hippoglossoides elassodon Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis Rock sole, Lepidopsetta bilineata English sole, Parophrys vetulus Starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus C-0 sole, Pleuronichthys coenosus Sand sole, Psettichthys melanostictus



Arrowtooth f lounde r , Atheres thes s tomias

Local Names: Long jaw f lounde r , t u r b o t , French s o l e , English f lounde r , bas t a rd h a l i b u t , arrowtooth h a l i b u t .

Recognition: Very l a r g e mouth (ex tends behind e y e s ) , and long, sharp t e e t h . It has a s lender body compared t o most f l a t f i s h . Brown on eyed s ide . Blind s i d e i s whi te and f i n e l y d o t t e d wi th black.

D i s t r i b u t i o n : Cen t r a l C a l i f o r n i a t o Bering Sea. It i s most common i n B r i t i s h Columbia and Alaska. 10

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : Found i n a l l marine waters. Found throughout Puget Sound, e s p e c i a l l y near E v e r e t t , Po r t Orchard, and throughout c e n t r a l and southern Puget sound.

Hab i t a t : P r e f e r s moderately deep water (more than 75 f t ) and s o f t bottoms.

U t i l i z a t i o n : Large amounts a r e so ld annual ly f o r mink food. There i s minimal market f o r human consumption.

S ize : Length t o 33 inches (83.8 cm).l0

B a i t s o r Lures: Herr ing.

Ea t ing Q u a l i t i e s : F a i r .


1. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 1964. 2. Andriashev 1937. 3. Barraclough and Ful ton 1968. 4. B a t t s 1964. 5. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 6 , 7. F o r r e s t e r 1958, 1968. 8. Gotsha l l 1969. 9. Gr ino l s 1965. 10. Hart 1973. 11. Haw and Buckley 1971. 12. M i l l e r and Lea 1972. 13. N i k o l l s k i i 1961. 14. Roedel 1948. 15. Taylor 1967.

Figure 34 Known distribution of arrowtooth flounder, Atheresthes stomias, in Puget Sound.

P e t r a l e s o l e , Eopset ta jo rdani

Local Names: B r i l l , C a l i f o r n i a s o l e , English s o l e , Jo rdan ' s f lounder .

Recognition: Large mouth (max i l l a ry ex tends under eye) . Two rows of t e e t h i n upper jaw. The s c a l e s a r e small . Eyed s i d e i s an even o l i v e brown. Blind s i d e i s white.

D i s t r i b u t i o n : Northern Baja C a l i f o r n i a t o t h e Bering Sea. 17,20

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : Abundant la long t h e coas t of 'Washington, bu t i n l i m i t e d numbers i n Puget Sound.

Hab i t a t : P r e f e r s deep water. I n w in te r , moves i n t o very deep water (400 f t o r more) t o spawn. During t h e r e s t of t h e yea r , from 150 t o 200-ft depths.

U t i l i z a t i o n : A very va luab le commercial spec i e Two m i l l i o n pounds a r e taken annual ly by Washington c o a s t a l t r awle r s . 73

Size : Length t o 27 inches (68.6 cm) , I7 g e n e r a l l y smal le r i n Puget Sound.

B a i t s and Lures: Herr ing , c a n d l e f i s h , rubber worms.

Ea t ing Q u a l i t i e s : Exce l len t . Probably t h e f i n e s t e a t i n g "small" f l a t f i s h of t h e n o r t h e a s t e r n P a c i f i c Ocean.


1. Alderdice and F o r r e s t e r 1968. 2. Alverson 1960. 3. Alverson and Chatwin 1957. 4. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 1964. 5. Barraclough 1954a. 6. Ba t t s 1964. 7. Best 1963a. 8. Cleaver 1949. 9. Clemens and Wilby 1961. 10. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 11. DiDonato and Pasquale 1970. 12. Evermann and Goldsborough 1907. 13. F o r r e s t e r 1969a. 14. F o r r e s t e r and Alderdice 1967. 15. F o r r e s t e r and Smith 1971. 16. Gr ino l s 1965. 17. Hart 1973. 18. Harry 1959. 19. Haw and Buckley 1971. 20. M i l l e r and Lea 1972.

Figure 35 Known distribution of petrale sole, Eopsetta jordani, in Puget Sound.

Fla thead s o l e , Hippoalossoides elassodon

Local Names: Paper s o l e , c i g a t e t t e paper , f a l s e h a l i b u t .

Recognit ion: Mouth extends t o p u p i l of eye but not beyond, end of t a i l i s n e a r l y s t r a i g h t and t e e t h on t h e upper jaw a r e i n one row. Gray t o brown on eyed s ide . Dusky b l o t c h e s on f i n s .

D i s t r i b u t i o n : Northern C a l i f o r n i a t o Alaska. 9,13

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : Found i n a l l marine waters of Washington S t a t e . 4

Habi ta t : P r e f e r s deep water - -usua l ly wel l over 150 f e e t .

Size: Length t o 18 i n ~ h e s . ~ Genera l ly smaller i n Puget Sound.

U t i l i z a t i o n : Genera l ly used i n r educ t ion and animal food.

B a i t s and Lures: Herr ing , c a n d l e f i s h , rubber worms.

Ea t ing Q u a l i t i e s : F a i r t o poor--too much work f o r a small f l e s h y i e l d .


1. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 2. Andriashev 1937. 3. B a t t s 1964. 19?7*5. English 1966. 6. F o r r e s t e r and 4. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972.-

Alderdice 1968. 7. G i l b e r t and Burke 1912. 8. Gr ino l s 1965. 9. Hart 1973. 10. Haw and Buckley 1971. 11. Matsubara 1955. 12. M i l l e r 1969. 13. M i l l e r and Lea 1972. 14. Mineva 1964. 15. S c h i d t 1950. 16. Smith 1936. 17. Townsend 1936. 18. Wilimovsky, Peden, and Peppar 1967.

11 Eng l i sh , T. S. 1966. Engl i sh s o l e egg s t u d i e s . Contract Rep. Northwest - Pulp Pap. Assoc. 93 p.

Figure 36 Known distribution of flathead sole, Hippoglossoides elassodon, in Puget Sound.

Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis

Local Names: Northern halibut, right halibut, alabato.

Recognition: Moderately large mouth with conical teeth, arched lateral line, and smooth scales. Any flatfish larger than 15 pounds in this region is likely to be a halibut. Dark brown or gray on eyed side. Usually white on blind side.

Distribution: Southern California to Bering Sea. Uncommon south of Columbia River. 8,15

Washington Distribution: Most common along the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Also found in San Juan Islands, Hood Canal, and Admiralty Inlet.) Not common in central Puget Sound.

Habitat: Prefers water deeper than 100 feet.

Utilization: An important commercial and sports specie:^. Over 50 million pounds were caught commercially in 1970. In Washington the average sport catch is about 1,200 fish annually, mostly by salmon fishermen who generally can only land fish less than 20 pounds.

Size: To 8 feet, 9 inches and over 500 pounds,8 to 200 pounds in Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound. Several unconfirmed reports of individuals to 50 pounds in Puget Sound.

Baits and Lures: Herring , j igs, spoons, plugs, spinners. Eating Qualities: Excellent. Smaller fish ("chickens") best eating.


1. Alverson, Pruter, and Ronholt 1964. 2. Bell and Pruter 1958. 3. DeLacy, Miller, and Borton 1972. 4. *English 1966. 5. Gray 1964. 6. Grinols 1965. 7. Hardman and Southward 1965. 8. Hart 1973. 9. Haw and Buckley 1971. 10. International Pacific Halibut Commission 1965. 11. Kask 1936. 12. Ketchen 1956a. 13. Larkin and Ricker 1964. 14. Matsubara 1955. 15. Miller and Lea 1972. 16, 17, 18. Myre 1966, 1967, 1969. 19. Novikov 1969. 20. Peltinen 1969. 21. Phillips 1958b. 22. Popov 1933. 23. Ricker 1963. 24. Schmidt 1934. 25. Schmidt 1950. 26, 27, 28, 29. Southward 1961, 1962, 1967, 1968. 30. Southward and Chapman 1965. 31. Thompson and Freeman 1932. 33. Thompson and Herrington 1930. 34. Thompson and VanCleve 1936. 35. Townsend 1936. 36. VanCleve 1936.

%See footnote 1 page 40.

Figure 37 Known d i s t r i b u t i o n of P a c i f i c h a l i b u t , Hippoglossus s t e n o l e p i s , i n Puget Sound.

Rock s o l e , Lepidopset ta b i l i n e a t a

Local Names: Rough back s o l e , g r a v e l s o l e , double- l ine so l e .

Recogni t ion: The l a t e r a l l i n e has a l a r g e a r c h d i r e c t l y behind g i l l cover. The s c a l e s a r e ve ry rough. On eyed s i d e , g ray o r brown, i r r e g u l a r l y blotched.

D i s t r i b u t i o n : Southern C a l i f o r n i a t o Bering Sea. 9 ,14

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : Very common i n a l l marine wa te r s i n s i d e of Cape F l a t t e r y .

Hab i t a t : Found over a wide range of depths .

U t i l i z a t i o n : Highly p r i zed a s a foodf i sh . A t a r g e t s p e c i e s of a l a r g e commer- c i a l f i s h e r y along t h e Washington c o a s t and i n Puget Sound. Landings by Washington t r a w l e r s t o t a l about 650,000 pounds a y e a r , and most a r e t aken o f f t h e c o a s t .

9 S ize : To a l eng th of 23 inches : specimens t o 14-314 inches (37.5 an) from Puget Sound.

B a i t s and Lures: Herr ing.



1. Alverson 1960. 2. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 1964. 3. B a t t s 1964. 4. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 5 , 6 , 7 , F o r r e s t e r 1964b, c , 1969b. 8. F o r r e s t e r and Thompson 1969. 9. Hart 1973. 10. Haw and Buckley 1971. 11. Ketchen, Pe t e r son , and F o r r e s t e r 1951. 12. Larkin and Ricker 1964. 13. Levings 1965. 14. M i l l e r and Lea 1972. 15. Mineva 1964. 16. Nishishiamamoto 1958. 17. Roedel 1948. 18. Shubnikov and Lisovenko 1964. 19. Smith 1936. 20. Wilimovsky, Peden, and Peppar 1967.

Figure 38 Known distribution of rock sole, Lepidopsetta bilineata, in Puget Sound.

English s o l e , Parophrys v e t u l u s

Local Names: Lemon s o l e , common s o l e , C a l i f o r n i a s o l e , pointed nose s o l e , sharp nose so le .

Recognition: Pointed head with a small mouth. The l a t e r a l l i n e does not have an arch. A r a t h e r s lender f i s h . Uniformly brown on eyed s ide . Blind s i d e i s pa l e yellow t o white.

D i s t r ibu t ion : Baja C a l i f o r n i a t o Alaska. 17

Washington Dis t r ibu t ion : Extremely abundant i n a l l marine waters of t h e s t a t e .

Habi ta t : P r e f e r s s o f t o r sandy bottoms. Most of t hese f i s h a r e found i n deep water but dur ing t h e summer,many move i n t o shallow water.

U t i l i z a t i o n : A t a r g e t spec ie s of a s u b s t a n t i a l commerc:ial f i s h e r y along t h e Washington coas t (500,000 l b per yea r ) and i n Puget Sound (1.5 m i l l i o n l b per yea r ) .

Size: Length t o 22 inches.17 Specimens t o 17-112 inches (44.2 cm) from Puget Sound.

B a i t s and Lures: Herr ing, pileworms, clam necks, rubber worms.


1. Alderdice and F o r r e s t e r 1968. 2. Alverson 1960. 3. Angell 1972. 4. Ba t t s 1964. 5. Budd 1940. 6. C lo th ie r 1950. 7. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 8. Demory 1971. 9 , 10. English 1966*, 1967, 11. El-Sayed 1959. 12. F i s h e r i e s Research Board Canada 1967. 13, 14 , 15, 16. F o r r e s t e r 1956, 1967, 1969b, c. 17. Hart 1973. 18. Harry 1959. 19. Haw and Buckley 1971. 20. Holland 1969. 21. Jow 1969. 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. Ketchen 1945, 1947a, b , 1950b. 27. Ketchen and F o r r e s t e r 1951. 28. Ketchen, Pe terson , and F o r r e s t e r 1955. 29. Larkin and Ricker 1964. 30, 31. Manzer 1946b, 1951. 32. Manzer and Taylor 1946. 33. Menasveta 1958. 34. Mi l l e r and Lea 1972. 35. O r s i 1968. 36. P a c i f i c Marine F i s h e r i e s Commission 1961. 37. Palmer 1954. 38. P a t t i e 1969. 39. P r u t e r and VanCleve 1954. 40, 41. Taylor 1946, 1947. 42. Westrheim 1955b.

+:See f o o t n o t e 1 page 40.

Figure 39 Known distribution of English sole, Parophrys vetulus, in Puget Sound.

Starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus

Local Narnes: Grindstone flounder, great flounder, rough jacket.

Recognition: Fins along side of body have alternating bands of orange and black. Scales are very rough. Individuals with eyes on right side common. Eyed side is dark brown to nearly black with dark blotches. Blind side is white and may have black blotches.

Distribution: Southern California to Alaska. 9,17

Washington Distribution: Very common in all marine waters of Washington.

Habitat: Prefers shallow water over muddy or sandy bottoms. Often found in the lower reaches of streams.

Utilization: There is a commercial fishery for this species in the Gulf of Georgia and Saratoga Passage.

9 Size: Length to 36 inches. Generally smaller in Puget Sound.

Baits and Lures: Herring, jigs, spinners.

Eating Qualities: Fair.


1. Alverson 1960. 2. Alverson, Pruter, and Ronholt 1964. 3. Andriashev 1937. 4. Barraclough 1967c. 5. Batts 1964. 6. Clothier 1950. 7. DeLacy, Miller, and Borton 1972. 8. Forrester 1969a. 9. Hart 1973. 10. Haw and Buckley 1971. 11. C. Hubbs 1947. 12. Hubbs and Hubbs 1945. 13. Manzer 1952. 14. Matsubara 1955. 15, 16. Miller 1965, 1967. 17. Miller and Lea 1972. 18. Nikol'skii, 1961. 19. Okada 1955. 20. Orcutt 1950. 21. Popov 1933. 22,23. Robinson, Barraclough, and Fulton 1968a, b. 24. Roedel 1948. 25. Smith 1936. 26. Town- send 1936. 27. Westrheim 1955. 28. Yusa 1957.

Figure 40 Known distribution of starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, in Puget Sound.

C - 0 s o l e , P leuronich thys coenosus.

Local Names: Popeye s o l e , C - 0 t u r b o t , mo t t l ed t u r b o t .

Recognition: Very round f i s h wi th a dark spot i n t h e middle of t h e body. Dark brown t o b lack on eyed s ide . F i n s a r e very dark.

D i s t r i b u t i o n : Baja C a l i f o r n i a t o sou theas t ~ l a s k a . ~ y 8

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : Uncommon i n S t r a i t of Juan de Fuca and San Juans. More abundant i n Puget Sound south of Admiralty I n l e t . 5

Hab i t a t : P r e f e r s deep water (over 100 f t ) bu t found i n e e l g r a s s beds commonly i n Puget Sound.

U t i l i z a t i o n : The commercial market f o r t h e s e f i s h i s l i m i t e d because t h e i r small s i z e and tough sk in makes f i l l e t i n g d i f f i c u l t .

S ize : Length t o 1 4 inches (35.6 cm). 6

B a i t s and Lures: Small b a i t and lures--worms, shrimp, he r r ing .



1. B a t t s 1964. 2. Budd 1940. 3 . Clemens and Wilby 1961. 4. C l o t h i e r 1950. 5. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. 6. Hart 1973. 7. Haw and Buckley 1971. 8. Miller and Lea 1972.

Figure 41 Known distribution of C-0 sole, Pleuronichthys coenosus,, in Puget Sound.

Sand s o l e , P s e t t i c h t h y s me lanos t i c tu s

Local Names: Sand dabs, spo t t ed f lounde r , f r i n g e so le .

Recognition: Rather l a r g e mouth. The f i n r a y s near t h e head a r e f r e e from t h e f i n membrane. Var iab le co lo r . Eyed s i d e may be l i g h t green t o brown, speckled throughout wi th small b lack spots .

D i s t r i b u t i o n : Southern C a l i f o r n i a t o Bering Sea. 7,13

Washington D i s t r i b u t i o n : Very common i n a l l marine waters of Washington.

Habi ta t : P r e f e r s water l e s s t han 100 f e e t deep over sandy bottoms.

U t i l i z a t i o n : A r a t h e r small commercial f i s h e r y e x i s t s f o r t h i s spec ies .

Size: To 25 inchese7 Genera l ly smal le r i n Puget Sound.

B a i t s and Lures: Herr ing , j i g s , rubber worms.

Ea t ing Q u a l i t i e s : Very good,much i n demand.


1. Alverson, P r u t e r , and Ronholt 1964. 2. B a t t s 1964. 3. Clemens and Wilby 1961. 4. DeLacy, M i l l e r , and Borton 1972. *5. English 1966. 6 , 7. Hart 1944, 1973. 8. Haw and Buckley 1971. 9. Hickman 1959. 10. Manzer 1947. 11, 12. M i l l e r 1965, 1967. 13. M i l l e r and Lea 1972. 14. Roedel 1948. 15. Smith 1936. 16. Soman i 1969. 17. Townsend 1936.

*See foo tno te 1 page 40.

Figure 42 Known distribution of sand sole, Psettichthys melanostictus, in Puget Sound.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am e s p e c i a l l y g r a t e f u l t o Gregory G. Bargmann, a F ishery Bio logis t

wi th t h e Washington Department of F i s h e r i e s , f o r h i s he lp i n compiling d a t a

and h i s sugges t ions on organiz ing t h e m a t e r i a l i n t h i s paper. I a l s o wish

t o express my g r a t i t u d e t o Raymond Buckley, Mark Pederson, and James Beam

of t h e Washington Department of F i s h e r i e s , t o D r . Bruce Mi l l e r of t h e Uni-

v e r s i t y of Washington, and t o Ronnie Gowan, Lawrence Moulton, and Freder ick

VanderWerff of my s t a f f f o r t h e i r h e l p f u l reviews of e a r l y d r a f t s of t h i s

paper. I am a l s o very a p p r e c i a t i v e of t y p i s t Cheryl Mor isaki ' s e f f o r t s and

pa t ience .

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22.

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Fisheries Research Board of Canada.

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1950. Notes on some Pacific fishes. Calif. Fish Game 36(2): 65-73.

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P

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1955. Pre l iminary r e s u l t s of gray cod tagging i n Georgia S t r a i t i n

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F o r r e s t e r , C. R., and M. S. Smith.

1971. Ambiocoloration i n a p e t r a l e s o l e (Eopse t ta jordani) . J. Fish.

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no r the rn Hecate S t r a i t , B r i t i s h Columbia. Fish. Res. Board Can.,

Tech. Rep. 108, 104 p.

G i l b e r t , C. H., and C. V. Burke.

1912. F i s h e s from t h e Bering Sea and Kamchatka. Bull . U.S. Bur. Fish.

30: 31-96 (Doc. 754).

Gordon, C. D.

1965. Aspects of t h e age and growth of Cymatogaster aggregata Gibbons,

Masters Thes i s , Univ. B r i t i s h Columbia, Vancouver, 90 p.

G o t s h a l l , D. W.

1969. Stomach con ten t s of P a c i f i c hake and arrowtooth f lounder from

nor thern Ca l i fo rn i a . Ca l i f . F ish Game 55(1): 75-82.

Gray, G. W.

1964. Hal ibut preying on l a r g e c rus tacea . Copeia 1964 (3) : 590.

Gr ino l s , R. B.

1965. Check-l is t of t h e o f f s h o r e marine f i s h e s occurr ing i n t h e nor th-

e a s t e r n P a c i f i c Ocean, p r i n c i p a l l y o f f t h e c o a s t s of B r i t i s h Columbia,

Washington, and Oregon. Masters Thes is , Univ. Washington, S e a t t l e ,

217 p.

Gr ino l s , R. B., and C. D. G i l l .

1968. Feeding behavior of t h r e e oceanic f i s h e s (Oncorhynchus k i s u t c h ,

Trachurus symmetricus and Anoplopoma f imbr i a ) from t h e n o r t h e a s t Paci-

f i c . J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 25(4): 825-827.

Grino l s , R. B. and M. F. Tillman.

1970. Importance of t h e worldwide hake, Merluccius, resource. In Paci-

f i c hake, p. 1-21. U.S. Fish. Wildl. Serv. Circ. 332.

Grose, C.

1968. Ecology of t h e s t r i p e d seaperch ( ~ m b i o t o c a l a t e r a l i s ) i n Yaquina

Bay, Oregon. Masters Thes is , Oregon S t a t e Univ., C o r v a l l i s , 53 p.

Hardman, W. H., and G. M. Southward.

1965. Sampling t h e commercial ca t ch and use of ca: lculated l eng ths i n

s tock composition s t u d i e s of P a c i f i c h a l i b u t . Rep. I n t . Pac. Halibut

Comm. 37, 32 p.

Har l ing , W. R., D. Davenport, M. S. Smith, and R. M. Wowchuk.

1970. - G. 2. Reed groundfish c r u i s e no. 70-3 off southwest Vancouver

I s l a n d , September 9 t o 25, 1970. Fish. Res. Board Can., Tech. Rep.

221, 35 p.

Harry, G. Y.

1959. Time of spawning, l eng th a t m a t u r i t y , and f ecund i ty of t h e English,

p e t r a l e and Dover s o l e s (parophrys v e t u l u s , Eopset ta jordani , and Micro-

stomus p a c i f i c u s , r e s p e c t i v e l y ) . Fish. Corn. Oreg., R.es. Br i e f s 7(1) : 5-

13.

Har t , J. L.

1942. News item. Red snapper fecundi ty . Fish. Res. Board Can., Prog.

Rep. Pac. Coast Stn. 52: 18.

1943a. Rate of growth i n lingcod. Fish. Res. Board Can., Prog. Rep.

Pac. Coast Stn. 56: 10-11.

1943b. Migrat ion of l ingcod. Fish. Res. Board Can., Prog. Rep. Pac.

Coast Stn. 57: 3-7.

1944. F l a t f i s h e s i n Skidegate I n l e t . Fish. Res. Board Can., Prog. Rep.


1948. Age and growth r a t e i n t h e b u t t e r s o l e ( I s o p s e t t a i s o l e p i s ) .

Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., Ser. 3 , 42(5): 65-72.

1949. Food of f i s h of t h e cod family. Fish. Res. Board Can., Prog.

Rep. Pac. Coast Stn. 79: 35-36.

1967. Fecundi ty and length-weight r e l a t i o n s h i p i n l ingcod. J. Fish.

Res . Board Can. 24: 2485-2489.

1973. P a c i f i c f i s h e s of Canada. Fish. R e s Board Can., Bul l . 180, 740 p.

Haw, F. and R. M. Buckley.

1971. Sa l twa te r f i s h i n g i n Washington. S t an l ey N. Jones Pub. CO.,

S e a t t l e , Wash. 192 p.

Hera ld , E. S.

1941. F i r s t r eco rd of t h e hybr id f l ounde r , I n o p s e t t a i s c h r y a , from

C a l i f o r n i a . C a l i f . F i sh Game 27(2): 44-46.

Heyarnoto, H.

1962. Age of young s a b l e f i s h , Anoplopoma f imbr i a ( p a l l a s ) 1811. J.


Heyamoto, H., and M. S. Alton.

1964. S a b l e f i s h , a major r e sou rce of t h e e a s t e r n P a c i f i c ? Pac. Fisherman

62(10): 25-27.

Heyamoto, H., and M. S. Alton.

1964. Sablef i s h , a major r e sou rce of t h e e a s t e r n P a c i f i c ? Pac. F isher -

man 62(10): 25-27.

1965. D i s t r i b u t i o n , abundance, and s i z e of s a b l e f i s h (~noplopoma f imbr i a )

found i n deep water o f f t h e mouth s f t h e Columbia River. C m e r .

Fish. Rev. 27(11): 1-8.

Hickman, C. P., Jr.

1959. The l a r v a e development of t h e sand s o l e ( ~ s e t t i c h t h y s melanos t ic -

t u s ) . Wash. Dep. F i sh . , F i sh . Res. Pap. 2(2) : 38-47. - H i t z , C. R.

1962. Seasons of b i r t h of r o c k f i s h (Sebastodes spp.) i n Oregon c o a s t a l

waters . Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 91(2): 231-233.

1965. F i e l d i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of t h e n o r t h e a s t e r n P a c i f i c r o c k f i s h (Sebas-

t odes ) . U.S. F ish . Wildl. Serv . , Ci rc . 203, 58 p.

H i t z , C. R. and A. C. DeLacy.

1960. Reproduction and f e c u n d i t y of r o c k f i s h e s ( ~ e b a s t o d e s ) . Univ. Wash.,

Col l . F i sh . Res. F i sh . 1960, Contr ib . 77: 24.

1965. C lea r ing of t h e yo lk i n eggs of t h e r o c k f i s h e s , (Sebastodes cau r i -

nus and 2. a u r i c u l a t u s ) , Trans. Am. F i sh . Soc. 94(2): 194-195. - H i t z , C. R . , H. C. Johnson, and A. T. P ru t e r .

1961. Bottom t r awl ing e x p l o r a t i o n s o f f t h e Washington and B r i t i s h Colum-

b i a c o a s t s , May-August 1960. C m e r . F ish . Rev. 23(6): 1-11.

Holland, G. H.

1969. Age, growth and m o r t a l i t y of r a c e s of Engl i sh s o l e ( ~ a r o p h r ~ s

v e t u l u s ) i n Puget Sound, Washington. Pac. Mar. Fish. Corm., Bull.

7: 35-50.

Holmberg, E. K. , and W. G. Jones.

1954. R e s u l t s of s a b l e f i s h tagging experiments i n Washington, Oregon,

and C a l i f o r n i a . Pac. Mar. F i sh . C m . , Bul l . 3: 103-119.

Hubbs, C. L.

1917. The breeding h a b i t s of t h e v iv ipa rous perch , Cymatogaster. Copeia

1917 (47): 72-74.

Hubbs, C. L., and L. C. Hubbs.

1954. Data on the life history variation, ecology, and relationships

of the kelp perch, Brachvistius frenatus, an embiotocid fish of the

Californias. Calif. Fish Game 40(2): 183-198.

Hubbs, C. L., and L. P. Schultz.

1933. Descriptions of two new American species referable to the rockfish

genus Sebastodes, with notes on related species. Univ. Wash., Publ.

Biol. 2(2): 15-44.

Hubbs, C. L., and A. N. Wick.

1951. Toxicity of the roe of cabezon Scorpaenichthys mannoratus. Calif.

Fish Game 37(2): 195-196.

International Pacific Halibut Commission.

1965. Regulation and investigation of the Pacific halibut fishery in

1964. Rep. Int. Pac. Halibut Comm. 38, 18 p.

Jow, Tom.

1969. Results of English sole tagging off California. Pac. Mar. Fish.

COIITKI., Bull. 7: 15-34.

Kask, J. L.

1936. Studies in migration, fishing mortality, and growth in length

of the Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, from marking experi-

ments. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Washington, Seattle, 146 p.

Kennedy, W. A.

1968. Effect of the FP-66 tag on sablefish growth. J. Fish. Res. Board

Can. 25: 2247-2249.

Kennedy, W. A.

1970. Reading scales to age Pacific cod adus us macroce~halus) from

Hecate Strait. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27: 915-922.

1970. Mor ta l i t y of dar t - tagged cap t ive sablef i s h ( ~ n o ~ l o p o m a f imbria).

J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27: 979-981.

Kennedy, W. A . , and F. T. P le tcher .

1968. The 1964-65 s a b l e f i s h study. Fish. Res. Board Can., Tech. Rep.

74, 24 p.

Ketchen, K. S.

1945. Prel iminary r e p o r t on age and growth of lemon s o l e s from B r i t i s h

Columbia f i s h i n g grounds. Fish. Res. Board Can., Prog. Rep. Pac.

Coast Stn. 63: 35-37.

1947a. The age, growth and m o r t a l i t y of t h e lemon s o l e Parophrys ve tu lus

Girard on t h e B r i t i s h Columbia f i s h i n g grounds. Masters Thes is , Univ.

B r i t i s h Columbia, Vancouver, 54 p., 33 f i g .

1947b. S tud ie s on lemon s o l e development and egg production. Fish.

Res. Board Can., Prog. Rep. Pac. Coast Stn. 73: 68-70.

1950a. A study of t h e winter t rawl f i s h e r i e s a t Cape Lago and Nanoose

Bay i n t h e S t r a i t of Georgia with spec ia l r e fe rence t o t h e cap tu re

of l ingcod. Fish. Res. Board Can., Prog. Rep. Pac. Coast Stn. 84:

64-67.

1950b. The migra t ion of lemon s o l e s i n no r the rn Hecate S t r a i t . Fish.


1956a. Cl imat ic t r e n d s and f l u c t u a t i o n s i n ~ i e l d of marine f i s h e r i e s

of t h e no r theas t Pac i f i c . J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 13: 357-374.

1956b. Fac to r s inf luencing t h e su rv iva l of lemon s o l e ( ~ a r o p h r y s v e t u l u s )

i n Hecate S t r a i t , B r i t i s h Columbia. J. Fish. R.es. Board Can. 13:

647-694.

1961. Observat ions on t h e ecology of t h e P a c i f i c cod. adus us macrocepha-

l u s ) i n Canadian waters. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 18: 413-558. -

Ketchen, K. S.

1964. Pre l iminary r e s u l t s of s t u d i e s on growth and m o r t a l i t y of P a c i f i c

cod (Gadus macrocephalus) i n Hecate S t r a i t , B r i t i s h Columbia. J.


1970, An examination of c r i t e r i a f o r determining t h e age of P a c i f i c

cod (Gadus macrocephalus) from o t o l i t h s . F ish , Res. Board Can., Tech.

Rep. 171, 42 p,

Ketchen, K. S., and C. R. Fo r re s t e r .

1954, The s a b l e f i s h f i s h e r y of B r i t i s h Columbia. Pac. Mar, F ish , Corn.,

Bull . 3: 57-72.

1955. Migra t ions of lemon s o l e (Parophrys v e t u l u s ) i n t h e S t r a i t of

Georgia. Fish. Res. Board Can., Prog. Rep. Pac. Coast Stn. 87: 27-31,

1966. Populat ion dynamics of t h e p e t r a l e s o l e (Eopset ta i o rdan i ) i n

waters o f f western Canada, Fish. Res. Board Can., Bull . 153, 195

P

Ketchen, K. S., R. I. Pe terson , and C. R. F o r r e s t e r ,

1951. F l u c t u a t i o n s i n t h e l eng th and age compositions of lemon s o l e s

and rock s o l e s i n no r the rn Hecate S t r a i t . Fish. Res, Board Can.,

Prog. Rep. Pac, Coast Stn. 87: 27-31,

Kutty, M. K.

1963. An eco log ica l s tudy and t h e o r e t i c a l cons ide ra t ion of a b u t t e r

s o l e ( I s o p s e t t a i s o l e p i s ) popula t ion i n Hecate S t r a i t . Ph.D, Thesis ,

Univ. B r i t i s h Colubmia, Vancouver, 167 p.

Levings, C. D.

1967. A comparison of t h e growth r a t e s of t h e rock s o l e , Lepidopset ta

b i l i n e a t a Ayres, i n no r theas t P a c i f i c waters. Fish. Res, Board Can.,

Tech. Rep, 36, 43 p.

1968. F e r t i l i z e d eggs of t h e b u t t e r s o l e , I s o p s e t t a i s o l e p i s , i n Skide-

g a t e I n l e t , B r i t i s h Columbia. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 25: 1743-1744.

MacGregor, J. S.

1966. Fecundity of t h e P a c i f i c hake, Merluccius productus ( ~ ~ r e s ) . Ca l i f .

F i sh Game 52(2): 111-116.

1971. Addi t ional d a t a on t h e spawning of t h e hake. Fish. Bull. , U.S.,

69: 581-585.

Manzer, J. I.

1946. F i r s t year r e t u r n s of lemon s o l e t a g s used o f f t h e west coas t

of Vancouver I s l and . Fish. Res. Board Can., Prog. Rep. Pac. Coast

Stn. 68: 51.

1947. A J u l y spawning popula t ion of sand s o l e s i n Sidney I n l e t . Fish.


1949. The a v a i l a b i l i t y , e x p l o i t a t i o n , abundance and movement of b u t t e r

s o l e ( I s o p s e t t a i s o l e p i s Lockington) i n Skidegate I n l e t , Queen Char-

l o t t e I s l a n d s during 1946. Masters Thes is , Univ. B r i t i s h Columbia,

Vancouver.

1951. Growth i n lemon s o l e i n no r the rn Hecate S t r a i t . Fish. Res. Board


1952. Notes on d i spe r s ion and growth of some B r i t i s h Columbia bottom-

f i s h . J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 8: 374-377.

Manzer, J. I . , and F. C. H. Taylor.

1947. Rate of growth i n lemon s o l e i n t h e S t r a i t of Georgia. F ish .


Matsubara, K.

1943. S tud ie s on scorpaenid f i s h e s of Japan: Anatomy, phylogeny, and

taxonomy. Trans. Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo 1 and 2 , 486 p.

Menasveta, D.

1958. Migration and fishing mortality of English sole (Parophrys vetulus)

in Saratoga Passage and adjacent waters. Masters Thesis, Univ. Washing-

ton, Seattle, 84 p.

Miller, B. S.

1965. Food and feeding studies on adults of two species of pleuronectids

(Platichthys stellatus and Psettichthys melanostictus) in East Sound,

Orcas Island, Washington. Masters Thesis, Univ. Washington, Seattle,

131 p.

1967. Stomach contents of adult starry flounder and sand sole in East

Sound, Orcas Island, Washington. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 24: 2515-2526.

1969. Life history observations on normal and tumor-bearing flathead

sole in East Sound, Orcas Island, Washington. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ.

Washington, Seattle, 131 p.

1970. Food of flathead sole (~i~~oglossoides elassodon) in East Sound,

Orcas Island, Washington. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27: 1661-1665.

Miller, D. J., and R. N. Lea.

1972. Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. Calif. Dep.

Fish Game, Fish. Bull. 157, 235 p.

Millikan, A. E., and B. H. Pattie.

1970. Hermaphroditism in a Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, from

Puget Sound, Washington. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27: 409-410.

Mineva, T. A.

1964. (On the biology of some flatfishes in the eastern Bering sea).

Tr. Vses. Nauchno-issled. Inst. Morsk. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr. 49 (IZV.

Tikhookean. Nauchno-issled. Inst. Morsk. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr . 51 ) :

215-224. I n Russian. (Trans l . p. 227-235 - i n Sovie t f i s h e r i e s i n v e s t i -

g a t i o n s i n t h e n o r t h e a s t P a c i f i c , p t . 2 , i s sued by I s r a e l Program

Sci . T rans l . , 1968, a v a i l . Nat l . Tech. In f . Serv. , S p r i n g f i e l d , Va.

a s TT 67-51204.)

Moiseev, P. A.

1953. (Cod and f l o u n d e r s of f a r e a s t e r n s ea s ) . Izv . Ilikhookean. Nauch.-

I s s l e d . I n s t . Ryb. Khoz. Okeanogr. 40. 1287 p. I n Russian. (Trans l .

by F ish . Res. Board Can., Trans l . Ser. 119, 1958.)

Morgan, A. R.

1961. S i l e t z Bay sur f perch tagging. Fish. Comm. Oreg., Res. B r i e f s

;k(l): 5-13.

Morr i s , R. N. /

1956. Ea r ly l a r v a e of fou r s p e c i e s of r o c k f i s h , Sebastodes. Ca l i f .

F i s h Game 42(2): 149-153.

Moser, H. G.

1967. Reproduct ion and development of Sebastodes p a u c i s p i n i s and com-

p a r i s o n wi th o t h e r r o c k f i s h e s of sou thern C a l i f o r n i a . Copeia 1967

(4) : 773-797.

Myhre, R. J.

1966. Loss of t a g s from P a c i f i c h a l i b u t a s determined by double- tag

experiments. Rep. I n t . Pac. Hal ibu t C m . 41, 31 p.

1967. M o r t a l i t y e s t i m a t e s from tagging experiments on P a c i f i c h a l i b u t .

Rep. I n t . Pac. Ha l ibu t Corn. 42, 43 p.

1969. Gear s e l e c t i o n and P a c i f i c h a l i b u t . Rep. I n t . Pac. Hal ibu t Corn.

51, 35 p.

Nelson, M. O., and H. A 1 Lark ins .

1970. D i s t r i b u t i o n and b io logy of P a c i f i c hake: a synopsis . 2 P a c i f i c

hake, p. 23-33. U.S. F i sh Wildl. Serv. , Circ . 332.

Nikolf skii, G. V.

1954. (Special ichthyology). Gos. Izd. "Sovetskaya Nauka." 458 p. In

Russian. (~ransl. by Israel Program Sci. Transl., 1961, 538 p., avail.

Natl. Tech. Inf. Serv., Springfield, Va., as OTS 60-21817.)

Nishimoto, J.

1970. Western range extension of the rosethorn rockfish, Sebastes helvo-

maculatus (Ayres). Calif. Fish Game 56(3): 204-205.

Nishishimamoto, S.

1958. Age and growth of rock sole, Lepidopsetta bilineata in Puget

Sound. Masters thesis, Univ. Washington, Seattle, 130 p.

Norman, J. R.

1930. Oceanic fishes and flatfishes collected in 1925-1927. Discovery

Rep. 2: 261-370.

1934. A systematic monograph of the flatfishes (Heterosomata) . Vol. 1, Psettodidae, Bothidae, Pleuronectidae. Brit. Mus. at. Hist. ) , London, 459 p.

Novikov, N. P.

1964. (Basic elements of the biology of the Pacific halibut (~ip~oglossus

hippoglossus stenolepis, ~chidt) in the Bering sea). Tr. Vses. Nauchno-

issled. Inst. Morsk. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr. 49 (1zv. Tikhookean. Nauchno-

issled. Inst. Morsk. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr. 51): 167-207. In Russian,

(~ransl. p. 175-219 Soviet fisheries investigations in the northeast

Pacific, Pt. 2, issued by Israel Program Sci. Transl., avail. ~atl.

Tech. Inf. Serv. , Springfield, Va., as TT 67-51204. ) OIConnell, C. P.

1953. The life histroy of the cabezon Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (~~res)

Calif. Dep. Fish Game, Fish. Bull. 93, 76 p.

O r e u t t , H. G.

1950. The l i f e h i s t o r y of t h e s t a r r y f lounder , P l a t i c h t h y s s t e l l a t u s

allas) as). Ca l i f . Dep. F ish Game, Fish. Bull. 78, 64 p.

O r s i , J. J.

1968. The embryology of t h e English s o l e , Parophrys ve tu lus . Cal i f .

F ish Game 54(3): 133-158.

P a c i f i c Marine F i s h e r i e s Commission.

1961. Migrat ions of English s o l e ( ~ a r o p h r ~ s ve tu lus ) on t h e P a c i f i c

coas t of t h e United S t a t e s . Th i r t een th Annu. Rep. Pac. Mar. Fish.

Comm. f o r t h e year 1960. App. 1, 39-42.

Palmen, A. T.

1954. A comparison of o t o l i t h s and in t e rope rcu la r bones a s age i.ndi-

c a t o r s of e n g l i s h so le . Wash. Dep. F ish . , Fish. Res. Pap. l ( 2 ) : 45.

Pasquale, N.

1964. Notable mig ra t ions of s a b l e f i s h tagged i n Puget Sound. Wash.

Dep. F ish . , F i sh Res. Pap. 2(3): 68.

P a t t e n , B. G.

1973. Bio logica l information on copper rockf i sh i n Puget Sound, Washing-

ton. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 102: 412-416.

P a t t i e , B. H.

1969. Dispersa l of English s o l e (parophrys v e t u l u s ) tagged of f t h e

Washington coas t i n 1956. Pac. Mar. Fish. Comm., Bull. 7: 11-14.

Pel tonen, G. J.

1969. V i a b i l i t y of tagged P a c i f i c ha l ibu t . Rep. I n t . Pac. Halibut Corn.

52, 25 p.

Pereyra , W. T., W. G. Pearcy, and F. E. Carvey, Jr.

1969. Sebastodes f l a v i d u s , a she l f r o c k f i s h feeding on mesopelagic fauna,

w i th cons ide ra t ion of t h e eco log ica l impl ica t ions . J. F ish . Res. Board

Can. 26: 2211-2215.

P h i l l i p s , J. B.

1942. Walleye pol lock caught i n Monterey Bay. C a l i f . F i sh Game 28(3):

155-156.

1943. Another walleye pol lock a t Monterey. C a l i f . F i sh Game 29(1):

83.

1951. P a c i f i c cod of f c e n t r a l C a l i f o r n i a . C a l i f . F i sh Game, 37(2):

351.

1952. Yellow s a b l e f i s h (blackcod) taken i n Monterey Bay. C a l i f . F i sh

Game 38(3): 437-438.

1953. Addi t iona l P a c i f i c cod taken of f c e n t r a l Ca l i fo rn i a . C a l i f . F i sh

Game 39(4): 559.

P h i l l i p s , J. B.

1957. A review of t h e r o c k f i s h e s of C a l i f o r n i a ( fami ly Scorpaenidae).

C a l i f . Dep. F i s h Game, F i sh Bull . 104, 158 p.

1958. The f i s h e r y f o r s a b l e f i s h , Anoplopoma f imbria . c a l i f . F i sh Game

44(1): 79-84.

1958. Rockfish review i n t h e marine f i s h c a t c h of Ca l i fo rn i a . C a l i f .

Dep. F i s h Game, Fish. Bull. 105: 7-25.

1959. A review of t h e l i n g cod, Ophiodon elongatus. C a l i f . Fish. Game

44(1): 19-27.

1964. L i f e h i s t o r y s t u d i e s on 10 s p e c i e s of r o c k f i s h (genus Sebastodes).

C a l i f . Dep. F i sh Game, F i sh Bull . 126, 70 p.

P h i l l i p s , J. B. , C. R. C l o t h i e r , and D. H. Fry.

1954. A s o c i a l s t u d y of P a c i f i c c o a s t s ab l e f i s h , Anoplopoma f i m b r i a

based on m e r i o t i c counts . Pac. Mar. Fish. Corn., Bul l . 3: 87-101.

P i l l s b u r y , R. W.

1957. Avoidance of poisonous eggs of t h e mar ine f i s h Scorpaen ich thys

marmoratus by p r eda to r s . Copeia 1957(3) : 251-252.

P inkas , L.

1967. F i r s t r e c o r d of a P a c i f i c cod i n sou the rn C a l i f o r n i a waters .

C a l i f . F i s h Game 53(2): 127-128.

Popov, A. M.

1933. F i s h e s of Avatcha Bay on t h e sou the rn c o a s t of Kamchatka. Copeia

1933(2) : 59-67.

P o r t e r , P.

1964. Notes on f e c u n d i t y , spawning and e a r l y l i f e h i s t o r y of pe t : r a l e

s o l e ( ~ o p s e t t a j o rdan i ) w i th d e s c r i p t i o n of f l a t f i s h l a r v a e c o l l e c t e d

i n t h e P a c i f i c Ocean o f f Humboldt Bay, C a l i f o r n i a . Masters T h e s i s ,

Humboldt S t a t e C o l l . , A r c a t a , C a l i f . , 98 p.

P r u t e r , A. T.

1954. Age and growth of t h e Oregon s a b l e f i s h Anoplopoma f imbr i a . Pac.

Mar. F i sh . Comm., Bu l l . 3: 121-128.

1959. Tagging exper iments on s a b l e f i s h a t Holmes Harbor , Washington.

Wash. Dep, F i s h . , Fish. Res. Pap. 2(2): 66-70.

P r u t e r , A. T. , and R. VanCleve.

1954. Eng l i sh s o l e i n Holmes Harbor , Washington. Wash. Dep. F i sh . ,

F i sh . Res, Pap. l ( 2 ) : 1-16.

Quas t , J. C.

1965. O s t e o l o g i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and a f f i n i t i e s of t h e h e x a g r m i d

f i s h e s , w i th a synops i s . C a l i f . Acad. S c i . , P roc . , 31(21) : 536-600.

Randolph, P. B.

1898. The mating habits of viviparous fishes. Am. Natur. 32: 305.

Reed, P. H.

1964. Recent occurrences of intergeneric hybrid flounders, Inopsetta

ischyra (~ordan and ~ilbert), from California and Oregon. Calif.

Fish Game 50(1): 118-121.

Reeves, J. E.

1966. An estimate of survival, mortality, and the number of ling cod

(Ophiodon elongatus) off the southwest coast of Vancouver Island,

British Columbia. Wash. Dep. Fish., Fish. .Res. Pap. 2(4): 55-66.

Robinson, D. G., W. E. Barraclough, and J. D. Fulton.

1968a. Data record: Number, size composition, weight and food of larval

and juvenile fish caught with a two-boat surface trawl in the Strait

of Georgia, May 1-14, 1967. Fish. Res. Board Can., Biol. Stn., Nanaimo,

B.C., Manuscr. Rep. Ser. 964: 1-105.

Robinson, D. G., W. E. Barraclough, and J. D. Fulton.

1968b. Data record: Number, size composition, weight and food of larval

and juvenile fish caught with a two-boat surface trawl in the Strait

of Georgia, June 5-9, 1967. Fish. Res. Board Can., ~iol. Stn., Nanaimo,

B.C., Manuscr. Rep. Ser. 972: 1-109.

Roche, E. T., and B. W. Halstead.

1972. The venom apparatus of California rockfishes (family scor~aenidae).

Calif. Dep. Fish Game, Fish Bull. 156, 49 p.

Roedel, P. M.

1948.. Common marine fishes of California. Calif. Dep. Fish Game, ~ i s h

Bull. 68: 150 p.

1953. Common ac.ean fishes of the California coast. Calif. Dep. Fish

Game, Fish Bull. 91: 184 p.

Schultz, L. P.

1936. Keys to the fishes of Washington, Oregon and closely adjoining

regions. Univ. Wash., Publ. Biol. 2(4): 103-228.

Schultz, L. P. and A. C. DeLacy.

1936. Fishes of the American Northwest: A catalogue of the fishes of

Washington and Oregon with distributional records and a bibliography.

J. Pan-Pac. Res. Inst. ll(1): 63-78.

1936b. Fishes of the American Northwest: A catalogue of the fishes

of Washington and Oregon with distributional records and a bibliogra-

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1936~. Fishes of the American Northwest: A catalogue of the fishes



1936d. Fishes of the American Northwest: A catalogue. of the fishes



Schultz, L. P., and R. T. Smith.

1936. Is Inopsetta ischyra (Jordan and ~ilbert) from Puget Sound, Wash-

ington, a hybrid flatfish? Copeia 1936(4): 199-203.

Schultz, L. P., and A. D. Welander.

1935. A review of the cods of the northeastern Pacific with comparative

notes on related species. Copeia 1935(3): 127-139.

Shaw, E., J. Allen, and R. Stone.

1974. Notes on collection of shiner perch, Cyrnatogaster aggregatz in

Bodega Harbor, California. Calif. Fish Game 60: 15-22.

Shippen, H. H. and Me S. Alton.

1967. Predation upon Pacific hake, Merluccius productus by Pacific dog-

fish, Squalus acanthias. Calif. Fish Game 53(3): 210-219.

Shubnikov, D. A., and L. A. Lisovenko.

1964. (Data on the biology of rock sole of the southeastern Bering

Sea). Tr. Vses. Nauchno-issled. Inst. Morsk. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr.

49 (Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchno-issled. Inst. Morsk. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr.

51): 209-214. In Russian. (Transl. p. 220-226 &I Soviet fisheries

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Simenstad, C. A.

1971. The feeding ecology of the rock greenling, Hexagrammos lagoce-

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Smith, A. K.

1969. Differential streamer and disk tag loss by surfperch in Humboldt

Bay, California. Calif. Fish Game 55(4): 332-334.

Smith, R. T.

1936. Report on the Puget Sound otter trawl investigations. Wash. Dep.

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Somrnani, P.

1969. Growth and development of sand sole (~settichthys melanostictus)

post larvae. Masters Thesis, Univ. Washington, Seattle, 60 p .

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1961. Photographing halibut otoliths for measuring growth zones. J.


1962. A method of calculating body lengths from otolith measurements

for Pacific halibut and its application to Portlock albatross grounds

data between 1935 and 1957. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 19: 339-362.

1967. Growth of Pacific halibut. Rep. Int. Pac. Halibut C m . 43, 40 p.

1968. A simulation of management strategies in the Pacific halibut

fishery. Rep. Int. Pac. Halibut Corn. 47, 70 p.

Southward, G. M. and D. G. Chapman.

1965. Utilization of Pacific halibut stocks - Study of Von Bertalanffy's growth equation. Rep. Int. Pac. Halibut Comm. 39, 33 p.

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1911. Results of an ichthyological survey about the San Juan Islands,

Washington. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 7: 162-213.

Sunde, L. A. and C. C. Lindsey.

1958. Revised key to the rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of British Colm~bia.

Inst. Fish., Univ. British Columbia Mus. Contrib. 1, 6.

Suomela, A. J.

1931. The age and growth of Cyrnatogaster aggregata Gibbons collected

in Puget Sound, Washington. Masters Thesis, Univ. Washington, Seattle,

43 p.

Swain, L. A. and W. E. Barraclough.

1946a. Vitamin A in brill livers. Fish. Res. Board Can., Prog. Rep.

Pac. Coast Stn. 73: 57.

1946b. Vitamin A in brill livers 11. Fish. Res. Board Can., Prog. Rep.


Swedberg, S. E.

1965. Age-fecundity relationship in the striped sea perch, Embiotoca

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Tarp, F. H.

1952. A r e v i s i o n of t h e fami ly Embiotocidae ( t h e sur fperches) . Cal.

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Taylor , F. H. C.

1946. Lemon s o l e spawning grounds i n Baynes Sound. Fish. Res. Board


1947. A study of p r i n c i p a l spawning grounds and of t h e spawning of

t h e lemon s o l e , Parophrys v e t u l u s ( ~ i r a r d ) , i n t h e Gulf of Georgia

i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e commercial f i s h e r y . Masters Thes i s , Univ. B r i t i s h

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Thompson, J. A .

1962. On t h e f ecund i ty of P a c i f i c cod a ad us macrocephalus ~ i l e s i u s )

from Hecate S t r a i t , B r i t i s h Columbia. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 19:

497 - 500.

Thompson, J. A.

1963. On t h e demersal q u a l i t y of t h e f e r t i l i z e d eggs of P a c i f i c cod,

Gadus macrocephalus, T i l e s i u s . J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 20: 1087-

1088.

Thompson, W. F.

1915. A pre l iminary r e p o r t on t h e l i f e h i s t o r y of t h e h a l i b u t . B r i t i s h

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Thompson, W. F. and N. L. Freeman.

1930. H i s to ry of t h e P a c i f i c h a l i b u t f i s h e r y . Rep. I n t . ~ i s h . Corn.

5: 61 p.

Thompson, W. F. and W. C. Herrington.

1930. L i f e h i s t o r y of t h e P a c i f i c h a l i b u t . 1. Marking experiments.

Rep. I n t . Fish. Comm. 2: 137 p.

Thompson, W. F. and R. VanCleve.

1936. L i f e h i s t o r y of t h e P a c i f i c h a l i u b t . (2 ) D i s t r i b u t i o n and e lar ly

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1941. A no te on t h e spawning of b l ackcod (Anoplopoma f imbria) . Copeia

1941(4): 270.

Townsend, L. D.

1935. Notes on C i tha r i ch thys sord idus and C. stigmaeus wi th an exten.sion

of range. Copeia 1935(4): 193.

Tsuyuki, H., E. Rober ts , R. H. Lowes, W. Hadaway, and S. J. Westrheim.

1968. Cont r ibut ion of p r o t e i n e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s t o rockf i sh (cscorpaeni.dae)

systematics . J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 25: 2477-2501.

Tsuyuki, H . , and S. J. Westrheim.

1970. Analysis of t h e Sebas tes a leu t ianus-5 . melanostomus complex, and

d e s c r i p t i o n of a new scorpaenid spec ie s , Sebastes caenaematicus, i n t h e

n o r t h e a s t P a c i f i c Ocean. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27(12): 2233-2254.

Turner , C. L.

1952. An accessory r e s p i r a t o r y device i n embryos of t h e embioi-ocid

f i s h , Cymatogaster agpregata , dur ing ges t a t ion . Copeia 1952(3): 146-

147.

VanCleve, R.

1936. D i s t r i b u t i o n and e a r l y l i f e h i s t o r y of h a l i b u t . Ph.D. Thes is ,

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V i l l a d o l d , D. V.

1927. The rediscovery of Inopse t t a i schyra , , a r a r e spec ie s of f lounder

Ann. Car teg ie Mus. 17 (3-4): 395-397.

$ -

Waldron, K. D.

1968. Ea r ly l a r v a e of t h e canary r o c k f i s h , Sebastodes p inniger . J.


Wales, J. H.

1929. A n o t e on t h e breeding of t h e v iv ipa rous perch Damalichthys.

Copeia 1929 (172): 57-58.

Wares, P. G.

1968. Biology of t h e p i l e perch (Rhacochilus vacca) . Masters Thes is ,

Oreg. S t a t e Univ., C o r v a l l i s , 93 p.

Welander, A. D., and D. L. Alverson.

1954. New and l i t t l e known f i s h e s of t h e e a s t e r n Pac i f i c . Wash. Dep.

Fish. , Fish. Res. Pap. l ( 2 ) : 37-44.

Wendler, H. 0.

1953. Length-weight r e l a t i o n s h i p s of t h e l ingcod. Wash. Dep. Fish. ,

Fish. Res. Pap. l ( 1 ) : 25-32.

Westrheim, S. J.

1955a. Migra t ions of s t a r r y f lounde r , P l a t i c h t h y s s t e l l a t u s , tagged i n t h e

Columbia RTver. Fish. Corn. Oreg., Res. B r i e f s 6 (1 ) : 33-37.

Westrheim, S. J.

1955b. S i z e comparison, growth and seasonal abundance of j uven i l e English

s o l e (Parophrys v e t u l u s ) i n Yaquina Bay, Oregon. F ish . Comm. O r % . ,

Res. B r i e f s 6(2) : 4-9.

1965. Northern range ex tens ions f o r f o u r spec i e s of r o c k f i s h (Sebastodes

goode i , 2. helvomaculatus, S. r u b r i v i n c t u s , and 2. zacen t rus ) i n

t h e North P a c i f i c Ocean. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 22:,231-235.

1966a. Northern range extens ion records f o r two rockf i sh spec ies (Sebas-

todes caur inus and 2. elongatus) . J . Fish. Res. Board Can. 23: 14.55-

1456.

1966b. Northern range extens ions f o r t h r e e species of rockf i sh ( ~ e b a s -

todes f l a v i d u s , 2. p a u c i s p i n i s , and 2. p inn iae r ) i n t h e North P a c i f i c - Ocean. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 23: 1469-1471.

1970. Survey of rockf i shes , e s p e c i a l l y P a c i f i c ocean perch, i n t h e

nor theas t P a c i f i c Ocean, 1963-1966. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27:

1781-1809.

Westrheim, S. J. , W. R. Har l ing , D. Davenport, and M. S. Smith.

1968. Prel iminary r e p o r t on m a t u r i t y , spawning and l a r v a l i d e n t i f i c a t i o n

of rockf i shes ( ~ e b a s t o d e s ) c o l l e c t e d off British Columbia i n 1968.

Fish. Res. Board Can., Biol. Stn., Nanaimo, B.C., Manuscr. Rep. Ser.

1005, 28 p.

Wiebe, J. P.

1968. The e f f e c t s of temperature and day length on t h e physiology of

t h e v iv iparous sea perch, Cymatogaster aggregata Gibbons. Can* J.

Zool. 46(6): 1221-1234.

Wilby, G. V.

1937. The l ingcod, Ophiodon e lonpatus Girard. Biol. Board Can., ~ u l l .

54, 24 p.

W i l imovsky, N. J.

1954. L i s t of t h e f i s h e s of Alaska. Stanford ~ c h t h y o l . Bull. 4(5):

279-294.

1964. Inshore f i s h fauna of t h e Aleut ian archipelago. Science i n Alaska,

1963, Proc. 14 th Alaska Sci. Conf., p. 172-190. Alaska Div,,, Am.

Assoc. Advance Sci .

Wilimovsky, N. J., A. Peden, and J. Peppar.

1967. Systematics of six demersal fishes of the North Pacific Ocean.

Fish. Res. Board Can., Tech. Rep. 34, 95 p.

Wilson, D. C. and R. E. Millemann.

1969. Relationships of female age and size to embryo number and size

in the shiner perch, Cymatogaster aggregata. J. Fish. Res. Board

Can. 26: 2339-2344.

Yasu, T.

1957. Eggs and larvae of flatfishes in the coastal waters of Hokkaido.

I. Embryonic development of the starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus

(Pallas). Bull. Hokkaido Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 15: 1-14.

Yesaki, M., and R. J. Wolotira, Jr.

1968. Extension of recorded range of butter sole, Isopsetta isolepis,

into the Bering Sea. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 25: 1077-1078.

Documents

M. · Distribution: Common from southern California to Alaska. 14,21 Washington Distribution: Very common in almost all marine waters of this state. Polnell Point, Holmes Harbor,