mThe river originates in the border of Thuamul Rampur in the Kalahandi district and Kalyansinghpur in Rayagada district of Odisha and runs for a distance of about 254 kilometers, where

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PHYSIOGRAPHY

Andhra Pradesh is located in the Southern peninsula of

India and has a coast line of 974 km.

Andhra Pradesh lies between 12°41' and 19.07°N

latitude and 77° and 84°40'E longitude.

Indian standard Eastern Longitude passes through 82 .5

Degrees.

Area of Andhra Pradesh is 1,60,205 Sq. Kms. It is the 8th

largest State in the Country.

Boundaries of the State – Chattisgarh; Odisha ;

Telangana; Tamil Nadu; Karnataka; Bay of Bengal.

Second largest Coastline next to Gujarat.


Srikakulam has the longest coastline in Andhra Pradesh.

There are Thirteen Districts.

Ananthapuram is the largest district; Srikakulam is the

smallest district.

Coastline of Andhra Pradesh forms part of Coromandel

Coast.

Coastline is broad at – West Godavari; East Godavari;

Krishna; Guntur.



THREE MAIN PHYSIOGRAPHIC

REGIONS

The coastal plain to the east, extending from the Bay of

Bengal to the mountain ranges;

The mountain ranges themselves, the Eastern Ghats,

which form the western flank of the coastal plain;

In the southwest, the plateau to the west of the Ghats.

The coastal plain, also known as the Andhra region, runs

almost the entire length of the state and is watered by

several rivers, flowing from west to east through the

hills into the bay.


The deltas formed by the most important of those

rivers—the Godavari and the Krishna—make up the

central part of the plains, an area of fertile alluvial soil.

The Eastern Ghats are part of a larger mountain system

extending from central India to the far south and

running parallel to the east coast.

Interrupted by the great river valleys, the mountains do

not form a continuous range.


Names of Eastern Ghats at

various places

Kurnool – Nallamala Kondalu

Ananthapuram – Mallappa Kondalu; Madaka Sira

Kondalu; Penukondalu.

Kadapa – Seshachalam; Palakondalu

Chittoor – Seshachalam; Avalapalli Kondalu; Horseli Hills

(Enugu ellama Kondalu).

Nellore – Yerramala; Veli Kondalu.


Guntur – Nagarjuna Konda; Vinu Konda; Mangalagiri

Kondalu; Bellampalli Kondalu; Gani Kondalu; Kondaveeti

Konda.

Krishna – Kondapalli Kondalu; Mogalaraju Puram

Kondalu.

Godavari Districts – Papikondalu; Dhuma Kondalu

Vishakapatanam – Simhagiri Kondalu; Bala kondalu;

Dolphin House Kondalu.


The plateau region in the southwestern portion of the

state—part of the Deccan (peninsular India) and

commonly called Rayalaseema.

Highest peak of the Eastern Ghats - Arma

Konda (1680 m), Deomali (Odisha); Gali Konda (1643 m)

and Sinkram Gutta (1620 m).

Arama Konda or Sitamma Konda, is a mountain peak in

the northern part of the Eastern Ghats and located

in Godavari river basin. It is located in the Madugula

Konda sub range north of Paderu village


The plateau region in the southwestern portion of the

state—part of the Deccan (peninsular India) and

commonly called Rayalaseema.

The Penneru River forms the main drainage system.

As the result of erosion, the plateau is a region of

graded valleys, with red sandy soil and isolated hills.

Black soil is also found in certain parts of the area.



CLIMATE

A summer that lasts from March to June, a season of

tropical rains that runs from July to September, and a

winter that lasts from October to

February constitute the three seasons of Andhra

Pradesh.

Summers are extraordinarily hot and humid, with

maximum daily temperatures exceeding 35 °C and even

surpassing 40 °C in the central portion of the state.


Winters are somewhat cooler, with January maximum

temperatures between 30 and 35 °C in all but the

northeastern portion of the state.

Winter lows drop below about 15 °C only in the extreme

northeast.

Annual precipitation, which derives largely from the

southwest monsoon rains, generally decreases toward

the southwestern plateau area.

Coastal areas receive about 100 to 120 cm per year,

while the westernmost part of the plateau may receive

only half that much.


Rainfall due to retreating monsoons; Highest in Nellore.

Cold being more in Rayalaseema Region.




SOILS OF ANDHRA PRADESH

RED SOILS - Parts of Kadapa, Anantapur, Chittoor and

Nellore; Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, Parts of

East Godavari and West Godavari; Krishna and Guntur; Red

Soils are the Extensively spread across the States.

LATERITES - Very small pockets in Visakhapatnam,

Srikakulam and West Godavari.

BLACK COTTON SOILS - Kadapa, Anantapur, Kurnool, Guntur,

Prakasam, Krishna, and Nellore districts.

DELTAIC ALLUVIUMS - Parts of East and West Godavari ,

Krishna and Guntur.

COASTAL SOILS - Along the coast in Visakhapatnam, East

and West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur ,Prakasam and Nellore.


Salt affected soils - Occur in large areas in coastal

districts of Nellore, East and West Godavari,

Visakhapatnam and Srikakulam besides Prakasam,

Guntur and Krishna.

Saline - alkali soils and alkali soils - Among coastal

districts, Anantapur, Kurnool.


NATURAL VEGETATION

Andhra Pradesh has 36,914.7 Km2 of notified forest

land, which is 22.73% of the Geographical area.

The Forests are confined to mountain ranges begining

from Tirupathi hills in the south and along the eastern

ghats to Mahendragiri—in north and to Balaghat

mountains in the west. All the plains are devoid of

forest trees as they are required for cultivation.


Ananthapur - 1945.60

Chittoor - 4496.10

East Godavari - 3235.39

Guntur - 1476.91

Kadapa - 5052.90

Krishna - 644.52

Kurnool - 3554.78

Nellore - 2379.96

Prakasham - 4828.96

Srikakulam - 721.71

Vishakapatnam - 4631.37

Vizianagaram - 1219.28

Godavari Districts - 2650

Total - 36914.78


The forest cover - is 23399.95 Km2 , which is 15.24% of

the Geographical area.

In terms of the forest canopy cover density classes the

State has - 651.25 Km2 of Very Dense Forest,

11810.20 Km2 of Moderately Dense Forest

10938.50 Km2 of Open Forest.

The area of the Scrub is 9241.79 Km2


TROPICAL SEMI-EVERGREEN - Tropical semi ever green

forest at Galikonda near Araku in Visakhapatnam

district; Borra blocks of Vijayanagaram district; Tekkali

and Pathapatnam of Srikakulam district.

TROPICAL MOIST DECIDUOUS FORESTS

DRY DECIDUOUS FORESTS

SAVANNAH

MANGROVES


RIVERS

Andhra Pradesh is a riverine state with 40 major, medium andminor rivers.

Godavari, Krishna, Vamsadhara, Nagavali and Pennar are majorinterstate rivers.

River Vamsadhara is an important eastflowing river between Rushikulya and Godavari,in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh states in India.

The river originates in the border of Thuamul Rampur inthe Kalahandi district and Kalyansinghpur in Rayagada districtof Odisha and runs for a distance of about 254 kilometers, where itjoins the Bay of Bengal at Kalingapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

The River Nagavali also known as Langulya is one of the mainrivers of Southern Odisha and Northern Andhra Pradesh Statesin India, between Rushikulya and Godavari basins.

Rises in Kalahandi District in Odisha; Opens in to Bay of Bengal.


Palar - It rises in Nandi Hills, India in Kolar district

of Karnataka state, and flows 93 kilometres in

Karnataka, 33 kilometres in Andhra Pradesh and 222

kilometres in Tamil Nadu before its confluence into

the Bay of Bengal

Swarnamukhi River – Source - Near Chandragiri hills;

Pattapupalem, Chittoor .


IRRIGATION

Major & Medium (Before 1956) – 2701447 ( Andhra)

271274 (Rayalaseema) 2972721 (Total) (In Acres).

Major & Medium (From 1956 -2015) - 2913010 (Andhra)

1022679 (Rayalaseema) 3935689(Total in Acres).


HEAVY & MEDIUM IRRIGATION

PROJECTS

Nagarjuna Sagar – KRISHNA (Guntur; Prakasam)

Srisailam Right Bank Canal – Krishna (Kurnool; Kadapa).

Telugu Ganga Project – KRISHNA (Kurnool, Kadapa,

Chittoor, Nellore).

Somasila Project – Penna (Nellore)

Sir Arthor Cotton Barrage – (East & West Godavari) –

Godavari

Yelaru Reservoir – (East Godavari) – Yeluru


Vamsadhara Project – Srikakulam

Tungabhadra Project – Ananthapuram; Kadapa; Kurnool.

Pullivendula – Tungabhadra – Kadapa.


AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is the main occupation of about 62 per cent ofthe people in Andhra Pradesh.

Rice is a major food crop and staple food of the Statecontributing about 77 per cent of the food grainproduction.

It is also the leading producer of cash crops like Tobacco,Groundnut, Chillies, Turmeric, Oilseeds, Cotton, Sugarcaneand Jute

Other important crops are jowar, bajra, maize, ragi, smallmillets, pulses, castor.

Andhra Pradesh produces some of the finest varieties ofMangoes, Grapes, Guavas, Sapotas, Papayas and Bananas.

Important forest products are teak, eucalyptus, cashew,casuarina, bamboo, softwood, etc


The key strengths of the state are:

A wide range of agro-climatic conditions suitable for a variety of crops.

Extensive water sources.

Large area under vegetables, fruits, flowers & plantation crops

Average rainfall of the State

A variety of natural sources and important rivers for irrigation.

Agricultural University

It also has strong R&D infrastructure and institutions


MINERAL RESOURCES

Resourceful land of minerals which includes coal, oil &natural gas, bauxite, limestone, gold, diamonds.

The State produces about 42 Industrial Minerals includingcertain Minor Minerals. Some of the Minerals produced haveplaced the State among the leading producers in theCountry.

The state accounts for considerable reserves of importantminerals, viz, Barytes (97%), Calcite (75%), Vermiculite(27%), Limestone (44%), Garnet (23%), Feldspar (5%) Fuller'sEarth (6%), Dolomite, Asbestos (96%), Fire clay, Ball clay(55%), Soapstone, Quartz, Silica sand, Graphite, Quartzite,Diamond, Corundum, Mica, Pyrophillite, Kyanite, Granite,Marble, Ochre, Apatite, Chromite, Shale, Slate, Tungsten,Limeshell, Limekankar, Green Quartz etc.


POPULATION

As of 2011 Census of India, the state had a population of49,386,799 with a population density of 308/km2.

The total population constitute, 70.4% of rural populationwith 34,776,389 inhabitants and 29.6% of urban populationwith 14,610,410 inhabitants.

Children in the age group of 0–6 years are 5,222,384,constituting 10.6% of the total population, among them2,686,453 are boys and 2,535,931 are girls.

Visakhapatnam district has the largest urban population of47.5% and Srikakulam district with 83.8%, has the largestrural population, among others districts in the state.

The overall population of the state comprises 17.1% ofScheduled Caste and 5.3% of Scheduled Tribe population.


There are 24,738,068 male and 24,648,731 female

citizens—a sex ratio of 996 females per 1000 males,

higher than the national average of 926 per 1000.

The literacy rate of the state stands at 67.41%. West

Godavari district has the highest literacy rate of 74.6%

and Vizianagaram district has the least with 58.9%


PORTS AND HARBOURS


Documents

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