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Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
1 1
Hervé Dole Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, O
rsay Université Paris-Sud 11 et CNRS Institut Universitaire de France http://w
ww.ias.u-psud.fr/dole/m
2.php
why is the night sky dark ? 1.
why galaxy form
ation is a problem ? 2.
how to adress these problem
s ? 3. overview
of observation facts 4. overview
of structure and galaxy formation 5.
introduction to statistical tools: towards the pow
er spectrum 6.
introduction to the
structured universe
1. why is the night sky dark ?
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
2
exercice 1
2. why galaxy form
ation is a(n interesting) problem
?
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
3
exercices 3 and 4
3. how to adress these problem
s ?
! 3.1 theory (lectures 5, 6, 7) ! how
the sctructures can grow in an expanding Universe ?
! example
! 3.2 comparisons data vs m
odels ! exam
ple: CMB
! example: statistical tools
! observations
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
4
3.1 need for theory
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
5
growth of perturbations
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
6
From N. Bavouzet’s PhD Thesis, http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363975 ;
from M
. Langer & H. Dole NPAC lectures, c2008
-> see M
ichael’s lectures for the dem
onstration
3.2 from m
aps to cosmological param
eters
7 Feb-2015
theory allow predictions and are
compared to observations
Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosm
ology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
3.2 between last scattering surfaces
Feb-2015 8
F. Noel – AAV 2010
Planck - thecmb.org
Planck+13
Ludwig+09
need for statistical
tools
Hervé Dole, IAS - M2NPAC Advanced Cosm
ology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
3.3 history of the universe
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
9
Hu & White, 2004
? ? structure form
ation, galaxy evolution
redshifts of interest: 1090 to 0
but more im
portantly 10 to 0
Planck 15 mois
Planck Collaboration, 2013
4. overview of observation facts
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
10
! 4.1 CMB
4.2 extragalactic background light
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
11
EBL (Extragalactic Background Light) tells us about
the processes
involved in
galaxy form
ation & evolution (budget for radiation em
ission by nucleosynthesis & gravitation, presence of dust, …
). All fundamental forces
are at play.
CIB
(Cosm
ic In
frare
d B
ackg
round
) leve
l and
stru
ctu
re
dep
en
d
on
his
tory
of
en
erg
y p
rod
uc
tion
in
the
po
st-re
co
mb
ina
tion
Unive
rse [Kashlinsky, 2005]
cosmological backgrounds
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
12 D
ole et al., 2006 ; Dole 2010 H
DR
D
ole & B
éthermin in prep
4.3 overview of observation facts
! spectrum of the CM
B ! large scale isotropy of the CM
B temperature
! small anisotropies of the CM
B temperature and polarization
! large-scale distribution of galaxies ! correlations (e.g. BAO
), redshifts, flux distribution etc.. ! galaxy clusters ! SN ! lensing on various tracors (CM
B, clusters, galaxies) ! quasars and absorption lines ! ...
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
13
scales of mass, dim
ension, d contrast
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
14
Yannick Mellier, IAP, 2002
Mass in Solar m
asses
Density contrast dρ/ρ"
photometric survey APM
, 1990
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
15
photometric near-infrared survey: 2M
ASS
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
16
2MASS + redshifts: structures
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
17
spectroscopic surveys
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
18
Peacock, 2002
spectroscopic surveys
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
19
Peacock, 2002
spectroscopic surveys
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
20
adapted from Springel, 2006, YM
spectroscopic survey VVDS
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
21
scales probed by SDSS
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
22 SDSS, D. Hogg
SDSS: - 8000 Sq. Deg. - 215e6 objets - 1e6 spectres - 15Tb de données en ligne
http://ww
w.sdss.org/dr8
strong & weak lensing
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
23
weak lensing -> DM
distribution
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
24
simulations
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
25
z=6
z=2
z=0 V. Springel http://w
ww.m
pa-garching.mpg.de/galform
/data_vis/
100 h-1 M
pc
simulations
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
26
V. Springel - Code: Hydra http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/data_vis/
matter pow
er spectrum P(k)
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
27
other facts and tracors ! ellipticals vs disk galaxies:
physics of cooling ! G
alaxy clusters ! high-z galaxies
! infrared & submillim
eter ! Lym
an-a related sources ! forest ! em
itters ! break ! ERO
, LRGs
! gamm
a ray bursts ! supernovae ! background em
issions
! Baryonic Acoustic O
scillations ! other statistical properties
of galaxies ! lum
inosity function, number
counts, colors, n(z)
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
28
5. overview of structure and galaxy form
ation
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
29
structure and galaxy formation
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
30
Mo, van den Bosch, White fig 1.1
structure formation
galaxy form
ation
linear regime
non-linear regime
some tim
escales
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
31
Mo, van den Bosch, White sect 1.3
some tim
escales
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
32
Mo, van den Bosch, White sect 1.3
mass-radius relationship
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
33
Padmanabhan, 1993, fig1.1
tcool=tgrav line
tcool = cooling time
tgrav = timescale for
gravitational collapse
GMmp/R: potential well m
ass-radius relationship
hierarchical formation
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
34
Mo, van den Bosch, White fig 1.3
6. introduction to statistical tools: towards
the power spectrum
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
35
what is a pow
er spectrum ?
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
36
Fourier analysis
Courtesy Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes
Espace direct: tim
e
Espace conjugué: fréquence tem
porelle
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
37
Courtesy Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes
1 sine centered
2 sine centered
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
38
Courtesy Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes
n sinus décentrés
n sinus centrés
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
39
Courtesy Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes
n sine not
centred
autosimilar
form
(fractal)
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
40
Courtesy Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes
n sine not
centered
WM
AP 1 yr
multipoles applied to the CM
B
Feb-2015 Hervé Dole, IAS - M
2NPAC Advanced Cosmology - Dole/Joyce/Langer
41
Hinshaw et al., 2007, W
MAP3
Ylm courtesy Benoit M
osser, LESIA
l=2
l=3
l=4
l=5
l=6