University of Southeastern PhilippinesBo. Obrero, Davao City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Assignment forMachine design 1

“Machine Foundation”

Submitted By:

Manzano, Ranel C.

Submitted To:

Dr. Lyndon Roble

Sept. 10, 2015

1. INTRODUCTION

A generator is a device used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator is based on the principle of "electromagnetic induction" discovered in 1831 by Michael Faraday, a British scientist. Faraday discovered that if an electric conductor, like a copper wire, is moved through a magnetic field, electric current will flow (be induced) in the conductor. So the mechanical energy of the moving wire is converted into the electric energy of the current that flows in the wire.

1.1 Types of generators:

Portable RV/Recreational Generators: The inverter technology makes them super quiet for recreational use and also provides the cleanest power for sensitive electronics like computers. These generators run on gasoline.

Portable Residential Generators: A good choice to power essential items in your home when the power goes out (refrigerators, freezers, pumps, sump pumps, furnaces, lights, etc.) and for use around your yard (electrical tools, etc.). Most residential portable generators run on gasoline, but some models run on L.P., Natural Gas, or all three.

Portable Construction and Industrial Generators: These generators are the perfect choice for the job site and various industrial applications. Single phase gasoline or diesel models and three phase diesel models are available. High cycle generators offer 60 Hz power for standard tools and 180Hz power for high-cycle vibrators.

Mobile Towable Generators: These diesel generators provide a lot of transportable power for many industrial and construction applications. Switchable voltage models allow use with several different voltage applications. Single voltage models are for more defined single voltage applications.

Standby Generators: These stationary generators are designed to run most or all of your home or business when the power goes out. These generators are often used with an automatic transfer switch and starting system. Standby generators are also used for industrial and agricultural applications.

PTO Generators: Pair these generators with your tractor for portable power around your yard or farm.

Two Bearing Generators: These generators are powered by a variety of independent power sources using a pulley system – often used on service trucks.

Vehicle Mounted Generators: These generators are mounted on vehicles for emergency, spray foam, construction, oil field, and mining applications.

Welder Generators: Combines a generator with welding capabilities in one unit. Available in portable gasoline models and mobile diesel units.

The typical diesel generator is run at 1800RPM and is water cooled. This makes them great work horses as they are able to run for longer periods of time when compared to the gasoline generator and without much maintenance work required. They are also cheaper to operate due to the low fuels costs as compared to the other types of fuels such as gasoline and propane as well as the lowered maintenance costs due to there being no spark plugs and carburetors.

The diesel generator operation is similar to that of the diesel engine. There are two types of diesel engines. The 2-stroke and the 4-stroke operation are the two types. The 4-stroke operation is the one that is typically used in diesel generators. This process as the name implies uses four strokes.

Although the diesel generator is by far the cheaper generator overall it can cost a lot more to set up initially and this can be a deterrent to many generator users. The generators are also not as clean burning as the other fuel generators although this has improved much in recent times. The diesel generators may also require a larger store of fuel but this is much safer to store than gasoline. Another disadvantage of the diesel generator is that it can be a lot more noisy compared to their counterparts.

Many persons however believe that the savings that can be derived from an investment in the diesel generator are indeed well worth the disadvantages. The savings in fuel and maintenance are immense and the hassle free maintenance is a great plus. This is the reason many commercial generator users opt for the diesel generator. Diesel generators are available in mainly larger designs but can also be found on occasion in smaller units.

Not also in focusing on diesel generators, it also include the machine foundation where the generator will be put. For the purpose of stability and resistance to impact loads, shaking and noise.

Machine foundation is the foundation that is provided beneath the super structure of vibrating and rotating machine.

Machine foundations are subjected to the dynamic forces caused by the machine. These dynamic forces are then transferred to the foundation supporting the machine. Though the moving parts of the machine are generally balanced, there is always some unbalance in practical field which causes an eccentricity of rotating parts. This produces an oscillating force. The machine foundation must satisfy the criteria for dynamic loading in addition to that for static loading.

Machine foundation recommendationMachine foundation computationMachine foundation processRaw materials to be use

Machine foundation analysisMachine foundation design applicationMachine foundation cost and budgeting

1.2 Types of machine foundation

Considering their structural form, machine foundations are generally classified as follows:

Block type foundation - Consist of a pedestal of concrete on which the machine rests. A block foundation has a large mass and, therefore, a smaller natural frequency. b.

Box or caisson type foundation - Consist of hollow concrete block supporting the machinery on its top. The mass of foundation is reduced but the natural frequency is increased.

Wall type foundation - Consist of a pair of walls which support the machinery on their top.

Framed type foundation - Consist of vertical columns, beam and slab arrangement, machines are supported on the top of the slab.

A. Objectives

This assignment aims as follows:

To understand about the analysis of machine foundation for diesel generators To design a machine foundation of a specific diesel generator. To know how much budget for the machine foundation including the diesel generator.

B. Conceptual framework

C. Definition of terms

Generator is a device used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object.

Electrical energy is an energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor.

Conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of electrical current in one or more directions.

Current is a flow of electric charge. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire.

Diesel is a heavy petroleum fraction used as fuel in diesel engines.

Gasoline is a refined petroleum used as fuel for internal combustion engines.

Machine foundation is the foundation that is provided beneath the super structure of vibrating and rotating machine.

Machine is an apparatus using or applying mechanical power and having several parts, each with a definite function and together performing a particular task.

2. COMPUTATION/ ILLUSTRATION

2.1 Diesel Generator Parameters

Diesel generator set

QSL9 series engine

225 kW - 300 kW 60 Hz

Standby Rating Prime Rating Emissions compliance Data sheets

Model 60 HzkW (kVA)

60 Hz kWkW (kVA)

60 HzTA luft – EU

stage60 Hz

C300 D5 300 (375) 275 (344) - DS71-CPGK

2.2 Generator dimensions

Open narrow skid

Model Dim “A” mm Dim “B” mm Dim “C” mmSet Weight*

dry kgSet Weight*

wet kg

C300 D5 3135 1100 1928 2342 2394

Enclosed wide skid

Model Dim “A” mm Dim “B” mm Dim “C” mmSet Weight*

dry kgSet Weight*

wet kg

C300 D5 4253 1424 2224 4095 4147

2.3 Computation/ Solution

Formula for machine foundation:

Sb

2=

W m+W f

b L

Where:

Sb = Soil bearing capacity, tons/sqm

W m = Machine weight, tons

W f = Foundation weight, tons (2x W m)

b = base of foundation

L = Length of foundation, m

Solving for b,

Assume, Sb = 9.5 tons/m2 – clay, soft

L = 4.253 m

W m = 4.417 tons

W f = 12.441 tons

9.52

=4.417+12.4414.253 b

b = 0.83 m

Since, b < w

We let, b = w

Solving for height (h)

h = WD x l x w

Where:

h = height

D = density of concrete, 2.3 ton/m3

l = length of foundation

w = width of foundation

h = 12.4412.3 x 5 x2

h = 0.54 or 0.6 m

Therefore, the dimension will be, 5 m x 2 m x 0.6 m

2.4 Illustration

3. BUDGET REQUIREMENTS

MATERIAL QUANTITIY PRICE VALUE

REBAR 10 LENGTHS 210 2,100

CEMENT 8 SACKS 250 2,000

SAND AND GRAVEL 2 m3 300 600

COPPER WIRE 1 ROLL 250 250

CUTTING DISC 5 DISCS 350 350

LABOR - - 10,000

OTHERS - - 1,000

TOTAL = 16,300

BUDGET = 20,000 Php

4. CONCLUSIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS

Base on data and information, I conclude that there so many factors in making foundation, not only in generator foundation. The design of the foundation must be appropriate to the required weight of the generator to achieve the desired design. Budget requirements must strictly monitor so that the cost must be exact.

My recommendation about the design is make another foundation that can withstand the generator with minimum requirements at safe condition, with lower costs and materials to be used.

5. REFERENCES

http://civilengineersforum.com/machine-foundations/

https://www.steadypower.com/pages.php?pageid=55

https://www.google.com.ph/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=0ZDvVZLAI4rD8AfB6JvwAg&gws_rd=ssl#q=electric+generator+definition

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_generator

http://electrical-science.blogspot.com/2010/08/types-of-generators.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine-generator

http://www.dieselserviceandsupply.com/industrial_industry_usage.aspx

https://www.google.com.ph/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=FZjvVaacD-rC8Af7242IDA&gws_rd=ssl#q=machine+foundation+definition

https://www.google.com.ph/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=FZjvVaacD-rC8Af7242IDA&gws_rd=ssl#q=foundation+definition

http://www.academia.edu/4271595/Literature_Review

http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/55809/mileage_and_fuel/introduction_to_the_diesel_generator.html

http://www.china-power-contractor.cn/The-diesel-generators-knowledge-introduction.html

http://www.woodengenerator.com/Introduction.html

http://www.woodengenerator.com/History-Electric_Generator.html