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7/23/2019 Macroeconomia Modelo Clssico
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MACROECONOMIA
7/23/2019 Macroeconomia Modelo Clssico
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A Teoria Clssica
AULA 03
7/23/2019 Macroeconomia Modelo Clssico
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A Teoria Clssica:Pressupostos
1- Economia trabalha ao nvel de pleno emprego- viso de
longo prazo2-Flexibilizao de preos e salrios- ajuste automtico aopleno emprego - mo invisvel : Cenrio: concorrnciaperfeita
3-Foco na Oferta: Lei de Say- A oferta cria sua prpriaprocura. Oferta determinada pela disponibilidade de
fatores de produo e pela tecnologia.Combinao timagerava a renda suficiente para demandar a produo
dada.
http://images.google.com.br/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_KteceVBHuHk/TI_KY8ishnI/AAAAAAAAACY/8spJLxSMqnY/s1600/administracao.gif&imgrefurl=http://taylor-chao-de-fabrica.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.html&usg=__dMrGvOEaoOG3-p6pDjaPnpRpJZg=&h=260&w=420&sz=38&hl=pt-BR&start=4&sig2=VQnPKRMyKCwQ0mHJpbXr7A&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=AiyFa9ds2lqLcM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dteoria%2Bcl%25C3%25A1ssica%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DG%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=niBATcqqGc6ugQeRl5jxAghttp://images.google.com.br/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_KteceVBHuHk/TI_KY8ishnI/AAAAAAAAACY/8spJLxSMqnY/s1600/administracao.gif&imgrefurl=http://taylor-chao-de-fabrica.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.html&usg=__dMrGvOEaoOG3-p6pDjaPnpRpJZg=&h=260&w=420&sz=38&hl=pt-BR&start=4&sig2=VQnPKRMyKCwQ0mHJpbXr7A&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=AiyFa9ds2lqLcM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dteoria%2Bcl%25C3%25A1ssica%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DG%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=niBATcqqGc6ugQeRl5jxAg7/23/2019 Macroeconomia Modelo Clssico
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A Teoria Clssica:Pressupostos
4- Tese da neutralidade da moeda: O oferta demoeda no influencia o emprego e a produo,apenas atua no aumento da demanda e elevaodos preos . Teoria quantitativa da moeda:
MV=PT V e T constantes,logo aumento de Mimplicar em aumento de P. Relao direta eproporcional.
http://images.google.com.br/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_KteceVBHuHk/TI_KY8ishnI/AAAAAAAAACY/8spJLxSMqnY/s1600/administracao.gif&imgrefurl=http://taylor-chao-de-fabrica.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.html&usg=__dMrGvOEaoOG3-p6pDjaPnpRpJZg=&h=260&w=420&sz=38&hl=pt-BR&start=4&sig2=VQnPKRMyKCwQ0mHJpbXr7A&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=AiyFa9ds2lqLcM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dteoria%2Bcl%25C3%25A1ssica%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DG%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=niBATcqqGc6ugQeRl5jxAghttp://images.google.com.br/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_KteceVBHuHk/TI_KY8ishnI/AAAAAAAAACY/8spJLxSMqnY/s1600/administracao.gif&imgrefurl=http://taylor-chao-de-fabrica.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.html&usg=__dMrGvOEaoOG3-p6pDjaPnpRpJZg=&h=260&w=420&sz=38&hl=pt-BR&start=4&sig2=VQnPKRMyKCwQ0mHJpbXr7A&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=AiyFa9ds2lqLcM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dteoria%2Bcl%25C3%25A1ssica%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DG%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=niBATcqqGc6ugQeRl5jxAg7/23/2019 Macroeconomia Modelo Clssico
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A Teoria Clssica:O Modelo
Determinao da Oferta agregadaClssica
Oferta: Quantidade de produto que oferecido num determinado perodo detempo a um determinado preo
Y= f (T, N,K): Funo de produo,sendo T= Terra, N= Trabalho e K=Capital
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A Teoria Clssica:O Modelo
y
N
Produo cresce a taxas
decrescentes se umfator varivel ( noexemplo , o N ) edemais constantes.Porque isso acontece?Porque a produtividademarginal de qualquerfator de produo decrescente
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A Teoria Clssica:O Modelo
Equilbrio no Mercado de Trabalhow/p
N
Oferta de trabalho ( Ns)
superior a demanda por trabalho(Nd),o salrio real ( W/P ) cai ,at o nvel de equilbrio, ou sejaw/p= pmgN
No existe desempregoinvoluntrio
o mercado de trabalho, e noo mercado de bens e serviosque determina o nvel deemprego.
Ns
Nd
w/pe=pmgN
Ne
Nd Ns
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A Teoria Clssica:O Modelo
A oferta no modelo Clssico
Y
OA inelstica com relao
aos preos. Alterao naoferta de bens e servios spodem ser obtidas pormudanas nas variveisreais da economia ( terra,
capital, nvel de emprego,salrio real , produtividademarginal do trabalho,aumento da populao ), ouseja tudo o que interfere nafuno de produo.
Sendo :AO= oferta agregadanominalY- renda nominalP= nvel geral de preos
P
OA
http://images.google.com.br/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_KteceVBHuHk/TI_KY8ishnI/AAAAAAAAACY/8spJLxSMqnY/s1600/administracao.gif&imgrefurl=http://taylor-chao-de-fabrica.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.html&usg=__dMrGvOEaoOG3-p6pDjaPnpRpJZg=&h=260&w=420&sz=38&hl=pt-BR&start=4&sig2=VQnPKRMyKCwQ0mHJpbXr7A&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=AiyFa9ds2lqLcM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dteoria%2Bcl%25C3%25A1ssica%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DG%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=niBATcqqGc6ugQeRl5jxAghttp://images.google.com.br/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_KteceVBHuHk/TI_KY8ishnI/AAAAAAAAACY/8spJLxSMqnY/s1600/administracao.gif&imgrefurl=http://taylor-chao-de-fabrica.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.html&usg=__dMrGvOEaoOG3-p6pDjaPnpRpJZg=&h=260&w=420&sz=38&hl=pt-BR&start=4&sig2=VQnPKRMyKCwQ0mHJpbXr7A&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=AiyFa9ds2lqLcM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dteoria%2Bcl%25C3%25A1ssica%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DG%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=niBATcqqGc6ugQeRl5jxAg7/23/2019 Macroeconomia Modelo Clssico
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A Teoria Clssica:O Modelo
A demanda Agregada Clssica
Base: Teoria Quantitativa da Moeda
MV = PT Sendo M= oferta de moeda, V =
velocidade de circulao da moeda (
constante no c/p ), P= nvel geral
de preos e T= Nvel da atividade
econmica ( constante no c/p)
Recursos Produto
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A Teoria Clssica:O Modelo
Um aumento de M eleva o consumo,porque aspessoas desejam se livrar do excesso de moeda ,como o produto fixo no curto prazo, ento ospreos se elevam para alcanar o equilbrio. M e Ptem relao direta e proporcional
Recursos Produto
MV = PT
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A Teoria Clssica:O Modelo
A demanda Agregada Clssica
Y
P OA
DA= f ( M0,V0)
DA= f ( M1,V1)P0
P1
A demanda agregada
por bens e serviosdepende da ofertamonetria real daeconomia .
Se houver aumento deM a DA se expandir.
DA se expandindodeterminar aumentodos preos e no doproduto real ( Y)A demanda no se constitui uma restrio expanso da oferta agregada ( Lei de Say)
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A Teoria Clssica:O Modelo
O princpio da Neutralidade da Moeda
Proposio segundo a qual as alteraes na oferta de moeda
no afetam as variveis reais da economia ( cf slide anterior) M DA P
a tese da dicotomia clssica entre o lado real e nominal daeconomia .
Demanda agregada tem papel passivo na determinao doproduto . dependente da oferta de moeda. E essa( demandaagregada), por sua vez, neutra na determinao da ofertaagregada da economia
http://images.google.com.br/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_KteceVBHuHk/TI_KY8ishnI/AAAAAAAAACY/8spJLxSMqnY/s1600/administracao.gif&imgrefurl=http://taylor-chao-de-fabrica.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.html&usg=__dMrGvOEaoOG3-p6pDjaPnpRpJZg=&h=260&w=420&sz=38&hl=pt-BR&start=4&sig2=VQnPKRMyKCwQ0mHJpbXr7A&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=AiyFa9ds2lqLcM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dteoria%2Bcl%25C3%25A1ssica%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DG%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=niBATcqqGc6ugQeRl5jxAg7/23/2019 Macroeconomia Modelo Clssico
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Poupana, Investimento eTaxa de juros no ModeloClssico
S= f (i) e C= f(i)
i= taxa de juros o prmio pelaespera , custo de oportunidadedo consumo atual
Quanto maior i , mais caro oconsumo presente. Logo,aumento de i, reduz o consumoe aumenta a poupana .
I= f( i) , sendo i= custo deoportunidade na imobilizaoda produo .Comparada aeficincia marginal do capital (EMC decrescente) Quantomaior i mais caro o investimentoatual (melhor aplicar em ttulos)
Variveis Variaocom i
i Por qu?
C inversa Consumoatual
caro
S direta Prmiode sedeixar deconsumirhoje maisatraente
I inversa Custo doInvest.produtivo alto
A Teoria Clssica: O Modelo
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Poupana, Investimento eTaxa de juros no ModeloClssico
A taxa de juros no afetadapela poltica monetria . Eladepende da eficincia marginaldo capital e das prefernciasintertemporais dos indivduos (prmio).
As decises de S e I no soafetadas pela polticamonetria.
A taxa de juros, no modeloclssico, tem a funo deequilibrar o mercado deprodutos.
A poupana determina o Iatravs da i S= I
S (i)
I (i)
ie
S=I
S1 (i)
ie1
Se a poupana aumentou (
deslocamento de S para S1),a taxa de juros cai ( maisrecursos so oferecidos) emconseqncia o nvel de Iaumenta equilibrando S e Inum novo patamar
S1=I
A Teoria Clssica: O Modelo
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C= f( Yd, i)
S= f (Yd, i)Yd= Y-T
No equilbrio :S(Y-T,i) +T= I (i) + G
S + T
S+T= I+G
i0
Fontesderecursos
Gastos (demandaderecursos)
I + G
Introduzindo o governo no Modelo Clssico
Sendo T = tributos(arrecadao) e G=gastos do Governo)
A Teoria Clssica: O Modelo
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S + T
S+T= I+G
i0
I + G0
Introduzindo o governo no Modelo Clssico
Hiptese: aumento de G
I + G1
i1
Aumento de G , maiorpresso por recursos ,aumento a taxa de juros ,aumenta S , cai C e cai I . Ouseja no h influncia em Yporque apenas recompe oconsumo privado(C e I )em + G . O aumento dos
gastos pblicos se faz emdetrimento dos gastosprivados: efeito -deslocamento
A Teoria Clssica: O Modelo
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A Teoria Clssica:O Modelo
Introduzindo o governo no Modelo Clssico
Concluso: Para a teoria clssica, a introduo dogoverno s faz recompor a demanda agregada viataxa de juros , mas no afeta a produo agregadaque sempre se encontra em pleno emprego.
O papel do governo como agente econmicoimpulsionador do produto incuo.
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CONCEITOS PRESSUPOSTOS CLSSICOSCONTEXTO Concorrncia Perfeita
OFERTA AGREGADA Independe da DemandaAgregada
Papel ATIVO .Determinada pelos fatores deproduo
Nvel de Pleno Emprego ( LP)
PREOS E SALRIOS FlexveisDESEMPREGO Voluntrio . O trabalhador senega a igualar Pmg= W/pPmg= produtividade marginal dotrabalho
W/p= salrio real
Quadro resumo da Teoria Clssica
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Quadro resumo da Teoria Clssica
DEMANDA AGREGADA Papel Passivo
no afeta a produo
Safeta o lado monetrio (aumento de preos)
OFERTA MONETRIA Afeta os preos ( atravs dademanda )mas no o lado realda economia
Tese da neutralidade da moeda:dicotomia entre o lado monetrioe real
Conceitos Pressupostos tericos
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Quadro resumo da Teoria Clssica
Conceitos Pressupostos tericos
TAXA DE JUROS Determinada pela prefconsumidores e pela EMC
S e I A poupana determina oinvestimento ( para fecharequil.pleno emprego) pelataxa de juros
S sempre igual a investimento
( identidade) S = IPOLTICA FISCAL Incua na determinao do
produto: apenas efeito-deslocamento
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Fixando Conceitos
Falsa ou verdadeira, justifique
1-Segundoa teoria clssica,o
aumento da oferta de Moedapode elevar o nvel deemprego, mas provoca tenses
inflacionrias.
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Fixando Conceitos
Falsa ou verdadeira, justifique
2-Segundoa teoria clssica um
choque adverso de oferta, emuma economia com ofertamonetria fixa,provoca queda
no nvel deemprego eelevao do nvel de preos.
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REFERNCIAS BSICAS
PINHO, Diva. Manualde Economia.So
Paulo: Saraiva, 2006.
http://images.livrariasaraiva.com.br/imagem/imagem.dll?pro_id=161689&L=500&A=-1&PIM_Id=&ID=BB2B58CD7DB01120F05310488&PAC_ID=339577/23/2019 Macroeconomia Modelo Clssico
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