Macrofungi of British Columbia: Requirements for Inventory

W O R K I N G P A P E R

Macrofungi of British Columbia:Requirements for Inventory

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Ministry of Forests Research Program

Macrofungi of British Columbia:Requirements for Inventory

S. Redhead

Ministry of Forests Research Program

The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for theinformation and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute anofficial endorsement or approval by the Government of British Columbia of anyproduct or service to the exclusion of any others that may also be suitable.Contents of this report are presented for discussion purposes only. Fundingassistance does not imply endorsement of any statements or informationcontained herein by the Government of British Columbia.

Citation:Redhead, S. Macrofungi of British Columbia; requirements for inventory. Res. Br., B.C.Min. For., and Wildl. Br., B.C. Min. Environ., Lands and Parks, Victoria, B.C. Work.Pap. /.

Prepared byScott RedheadAgriculture and Agri-food CanadaEastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre () Carling AvenueOttawa, Ontario, Canada forB.C. Ministry of ForestsResearch Branch31 Bastion SquareVictoria, B.C. v8w 3e7andB.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and ParksWildlife Branch Blanshard StreetVictoria, BC

Province of British Columbia

Copies of this report may be obtained, depending upon supply, from:B.C. Ministry of ForestsForestry Division Services BranchProduction Resources Pandora Avenue, st FloorVictoria, BC

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PREFACE

In recent years, global changes in the environment (e.g., acid rain, deple-tion of the ozone layer, global warming) and increasing rates of resourceextraction (e.g., forest harvesting, conversion of wildlands to agricultureand residential development) have raised serious ethical and utilitarianconcerns over the disappearance of entire ecosystems, species, and thegenetic diversity of animal and plant populations. Numerous articles,focusing on the maintenance of biodiversity at the ecosystem, species, andgenetic levels, are prevalent in both the scientific and popular literature(e.g., Harris 1984; Westman 1990; Hansen et al. 1991; Chaplin et al. 1992;Kimmens 1992; Pielou 1992; Pimental et al. 1992; Wilson 1992; Fenger etal. 1993). Yet, despite the documentation of the flora and fauna for manyparts of the world, particularly temperate regions, large gaps exist in ourknowledge. Of particular concern is the lack of basic information, such asregional species checklists, for many groups of organisms, including bryo-phytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts), lichens, and fungi. Unfor-tunately, these organisms are more at risk than their larger counterparts,the vascular plants, because they are not maintained in botanical gardensand, once their habitat disappears, these organisms become extinct.

Fortunately, many areas of British Columbia have not been altered tothe same extent as other regions in North America, such as California,where almost half of the crustose lichens collected in the early part of thecentury have not been found since that time because so much of the landhas been irrevocably changed by residential and agricultural developmentand air pollution (Hale and Cole 1988). Alternatively, there has been solittle adequate documentation of the bryophytes, lichens, and macrofungiof British Columbia that we have little notion of the extent to which thesegroups have been affected by human activities.

This is one of three reports that outline what is known about bryo-phytes (Ryan 1996), lichens (Goward 1995), and macrofungi (this report)in British Columbia. They provide a preliminary list of species that arerare or endangered, and provide a set of recommendations regardingfuture inventory requirements for each of these groups.

Our knowledge is the most incomplete for macrofungi: less than 1% ofthe macrofungi flora of British Columbia have been examined in systema-tic studies; hence, it is not possible to provide more than a rudimentarylist of rare species for British Columbia. Obviously, there is a need forbasic field work, including general floristic studies identifying and describ-ing undocumented species in all regions of the province.

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FOREWORD

British Columbia, Canada’s most westerly province, has a bounty of bio-logical diversity. Its mountains, lakes and rivers, rainforests, wetlands andarid grasslands, and long, rugged coast provide habitats for more speciesof living organisms than are found anywhere else in Canada. However,this very diversity means that there is much to be discovered about theseorganisms—their distribution, abundance, habitat requirements, andinterrelationships with their environments. Increasing our knowledge ofthis biodiversity will help us with the complex task of sustainably manag-ing our land and waters.

In the Provincial Government initiated a co-operative biodiversityresearch program with funding from the Corporate Resource InventoryInitiative; the British Columbia Ministries of Forests (Research Branch);Environment, Lands and Parks (Wildlife and Habitat Protectionbranches); and Tourism and Culture, (Royal British Columbia Museum);and the Forest Resource Development Agreement ( ). One goal ofthis research program is to extend information to scientists, resourcemanagers, and the public through biodiversity publications. These publica-tions are intended to increase awareness and understanding of biodiversity,promote the concepts and importance of conserving biodiversity, andcommunicate provincial government initiatives related to biodiversity. Wehope that they will be used as tools for the conservation of BritishColumbia’s rich, living legacy.

For more information contact:

B.C. Ministry of ForestsResearch Branch Bastion SquareVictoria, BC

B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and ParksWildlife Branch Blanshard StreetVictoria, BC

Royal British Columbia Museum Belleville StreetVictoria, BC

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This project was initiated and planned by Andrew Harcombe on behalf ofthe Wildlife Branch of the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks.Trudy Chatwin co-ordinated the early stages of the project and Gail Harc-ombe oversaw the publication production process.

Funding for the production of this report was provided by the Canada-British Columbia Forest Research Development Agreement (), anddelivered through the Corporate Resource Inventory Initiative () andthe Ministry of Forests Research Branch. Funding for the pre-press workand printing costs was provided by Forest Renewal B.C.’s BiodiversityResearch Program.

Special thanks are extended to Mike Ryan and Dave Fraser of ArenariaResearch and Interpretation for their assistance in contract managementand preparation of this report. James Ginns and Louise Lefebvre alloweduse of their unpublished manuscript on aphyllophorales of North Amer-ica. Lorelei Norvell sent data from her master index for Pacific Northwestfungi. Data on agarics were extracted from an unpublished compilationby Scott Redhead and Elizabeth Fox. Technical reviews were done byShannon Berch, Ministry of Forests Research Branch and George Douglasof the Conservation Data Centre.

Thanks are extended to Ministry of Forests staff Evelyn Hamilton, PaulNystedt, Susanne Barker, Heather Strongitharm, and Jill Peterson for theirhelp in the production of this report.

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CONTENTS

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Status of Knowledge in British Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Status of Individual Species in British Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Rare or Notable Species of Macrofungi of BritishColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Possibly Rare Macrofungi from British Columbia byEcoregions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ranking of Ecoregions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Surveys and Survey Techniques Used to Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Future Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Potential Threats to Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

British Columbia polypores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aphyllophorales from British Columbia, exceptingpolypores and chanterelles, and terrestrial clavaroidfungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Revised and annotated list of agarics, boletes, andcantharelloid genera reported from British Columbiaup to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Miscellaneous basidiomycetes reported from BritishColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ascomycetes reported from British Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Conservation Data Centre Ranking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Major collections of British Columbia macrofungi . . . . . . . .

Mycological taxonomists in North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Evaluation of mycological studies by zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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1 INTRODUCTION

Macrofungi are those fungi that form large fructifications visible withoutthe aid of a microscope. This artificial but convenient grouping is heredefined to include fungal families or genera where the majority ofincluded species produce fruit bodies greater than cm in diameter.Unlike microfungi, which are made conspicuous by the diseases, decay,and moulding they cause, macrofungi are the ones most likely to bedirectly observed unaided and by the untrained eye. They are also themost likely either to be indicator or threatened beneficial species. Thenumber of species of macrofungi of British Columbia may well exceed thenumber of species of vascular plants, but, with a few spectacular excep-tions, they are largely inconspicuous or are lumped together in the pub-lic’s mind as mushrooms, toadstools, conks, puffballs, etc., if differentiatedeven this far. The loss of any one, again with a few exceptions (e.g.,chanterelles or pine mushrooms), would not be viewed with alarm by thepopulace. In fact, a few are either aggressive plant pathogens or agents ofdestruction of wood structures, and their eradication or control, like thatof weeds, may well be a legitimate goal.

However, macrofungi are extremely important beneficial organisms inBritish Columbia for several reasons. Excepting tree species in theCupressaceae (Chamaecyparis, Calocedrus, Thuja ) and Aceraceae (Acer )families, all major timber trees and many ornamentals are symbioticallydependent on ectomycorrhizal fungi, most of which are macrofungi. Elim-ination of these fungi or a substantial drop in their numbers will lead toloss or deterioration of the trees, have a serious effect on the timberindustry, and lead to loss of innumerable wilderness habitats.

Macrofungi, such as morels (Morchella ), false morels (Gyromitraesculenta ), pine mushrooms (Tricholoma magnivelare ), chanterelles (Can-tharellus spp.), and king boletes (Boletus edulis ) are now commerciallyharvested directly from natural habitats, supporting a multimillion-dollarindustry.

Aside from the financial benefits of human consumption, mushroomsform a part of the diet for native animals, such as squirrels, voles, anddeer. Truffle-like fungi, although very poorly documented from BritishColumbia, are obligately dependent on animal ingestion and dispersal;even as some of these animals are largely dependent on the fungi as food.Others, through causing wood decay, create essential habitats for a varietyof animals either by causing cavitation of trees or logs, or preparing thewood for colonization by insects and, indirectly, by larger animals.

Macrofungi, although by definition visible to the naked eye, are, like allfungi, microorganisms. They interact and compete with all manner ofother microorganisms and predators or browsers. Genetically, they gener-ate masses of pharmaceutically active chemicals, such as antibiotics, anti-carcinogens, hormones, pheromones, toxins, carcinogens, enzymes, andpigments. Each species presents a unique combination of these featuresand therefore represents potential benefits.

Fungi (mostly macrofungi) decompose plant matter, particularly woody

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tissues. They are necessary for the recycling of both natural and industrialforest waste and dead wood. As a by-product of this ability to degradecomplex polymers (lignin and cellulose), some fungi are capable of beingused to decontaminate soil or groundwater of some types of pollutants.

Aesthetically, some macrofungi are among the most picturesque, colour-ful, and delicate formations in nature. A profusion of large mushrooms,coral fungi, and bracket fungi along a woodland trail can turn an areainto a wilderness wonderland, worth preserving for the sake of its beauty.

2 STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

Unfortunately, the present state of knowledge of the macrofungal flora, ormacromycota, does not easily lend itself to the detailed analysis needed orenvisaged for biodiversity preservation legislation. Current data are insuffi-cient for a comparison among most ecoregions or with other regions inCanada or North America. This is not to say that there is a paucity ofinformation; rather, that it is too fragmented and incomplete. For morethan % of the province, there has been documentation of less than %of the macrofungal flora in any systematic study. There are no publishedmonographs, keys, or lists for the bulk of British Columbian macrofungi.Most in the province await documentation, a costly and time-consumingtask even without comparing regions. For this report, an effort has beenmade to bring together published information on several of the majortaxa comprising the British Columbia macromycota.

Polypores comprise basidiomycetes, which form a multiporoid fruitbodythat is not putrescent (i.e., not a bolete). Although there are additionalsources for some species, the recent monograph of the polypores by Gilb-ertson and Ryvarden (–) offers a standard for the group. Theyreport species from British Columbia (see Appendix ), but with fewexceptions do not give precise distributional information. Their mapsmerely indicate the presence within broad political boundaries. Moredetailed information is available in the form of decay studies, which tookplace in the s and s, published mainly in the Canadian ResearchJournal series (Botany) (see Table ). Polypores constitute the majorcausal agents of decay and, as such, represent the most documented mac-romycota under consideration.

Other major taxonomic groups that decay wood are the nonpolyporeaphyllophorales. This is a heterogeneous assemblage of species, the dataon which are scattered in hundreds of publications. A compilation of per-tinent data on distribution and hosts of all recognized North Americantaxa has been prepared by Ginns and Lefebvre () for Agriculture Can-ada. With their permission, all British Columbia species were tabu-lated from their draft (see Appendix ). They surveyed referencescontinent-wide to come up with this information. Again, detailed infor-mation on occurrence within the province is largely lacking.

There is no accurate listing of mushrooms or agaricales and boletes forCanada. The most comprehensive treatment in Canada is the one for

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1 Evaluation of mycological studies by zones

CommentsBiogeographic Major or critical Topics on degreezones macrofungal studies of note of study

General Redhead Biogeographic patterns n/aThomas EchinodontiumOgawa , TricholomaBandoni and Szczawinski , MushroomsSchalkwijk-Barendsen a,b Mushrooms

Alpine Tundra none < %

Spruce-Willow-Birch none < %

Boreal White and BlackSpruce none < %

Sub-boreal Pine-Spruce none < %

Sub-boreal Spruce Thomas and Podmore Decay of black cottonwood ca. <%Bier et al. Decay of fir

Mountain Hemlock none < %

Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir none < %

Montane Spruce none < %

Bunchgrass Schalkwijk-Barendsen a,b Battarrea stevenii, < %Podaxis pistillaris

Ponderosa Pine none < %

Interior Douglas-fir none < %

Coastal Douglas-fir Hardy Mushrooms ca. %

Interior Cedar-Hemlock Foster et al. Decay of western hemlock ca. %(upper Columbia region)

Foster et al. Decay of western hemlockand amabilis fir (Kitimatregion)

Buckland Decay of cedarRedhead Mycena tubarioidesBerthier and Redhead Typhula mycophaga

Coastal Western Hemlock Foster and Foster Decay of western hemlock <%(Queen Charlotte Islands) Bier et al. Decay of Sitka spruce

Buckland Decay of cedarRedhead and Reid Stereopsis humphreyi

Coastal Western Hemlock Buckland et al. Decay of western hemlockand fir ca. %(Vancouver Island)

Buckland Decay of cedarHardy MushroomsRedhead and Norvell Phaeocollybia carmanahensisRedhead Xeromphalina campanelloidesGilbertson and Ryvarden – Polyporoletus sublividus

Coastal Western Hemlock(Mainland)

Buckland Decay of cedar ca. %Davidson AgaricalesUnpublished information in Mainly agarics and other

newsletters of Vancouver macrofungi in south-Mycological Society western B.C. mainland

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Quebec by Pomerleau (). In Pomerleau’s publication, species of Cor-tinarius are documented. Cortinarius is the largest genus of agarics, withwell over species anticipated in North America. Pomerleau’s treatmentis very incomplete, however. In the s, Dr. J. Ammirati (University ofWashington), the North American expert on Cortinarius, was a member ofa field expedition to boreal Quebec; he collected more than 100 species in a-week period in one forest zone. A similar number could be expected inthe northeastern boreal corner of British Columbia alone. Yet for the entireprovince of British Columbia, only species have been documented.

Agriculture Canada has been developing a comprehensive database onall published reports of agarics, boletes, and chanterelles in Canada. Fromthis database, species were listed for British Columbia (see Appendix) from references (see References). As noted for Cortinarius above,this is a very incomplete inventory. A reasonable estimate of the numberof species in this group would be between and .

Additionally, there are less numerous groups of macrofungi, such as gas-teromycetes (puffballs, birdsnest fungi, false truffles, stinkhorns), hydnoidfungi (e.g., Hydnum, Sarcodon, Hydnellum ), and terrestrial coral fungi.Fleshy and stromatic ascomycetes comprise another group of macrofungi.References to these groups have been compiled by Lorelei L. Norvell (Uni-versity of Washington and Oregon Mycological Society) in a master index tothe macrofungi of the Pacific Northwest (including British Columbia). Morethan 180 ascomycetes (see Appendix ) are cited, along with more than

miscellaneous basidiomycetes (see Appendix ) in the groups listed above.Two other sources for documentation of British Columbia macrofungi

are Canada’s two host indices (Conners ; Ginns ) and listings ofholdings in herbaria (e.g., Lowe ). Most of these data refer to parasi-tic microfungi. Nonetheless, some ‘‘microfungi,’’ such as the rusts and gallproducers, form rather large, conspicuous fructifications. Publications suchas Funk’s ‘‘Foliar fungi of western trees’’ () and Ziller’s ‘‘The tree rustsof western Canada’’ () contain descriptions of such fungi from BritishColumbia.

The figures discussed above and their sources represent the bulk of thepublished records of macrofungi for British Columbia. In total, more than individual species are documented from the province. This figurecovers only a fraction of the species actually present, as even some com-mon species have not been documented in the literature.

3 STATUS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

Given the incompleteness of the study of British Columbia macrofungi(with the possible exception of those in old-growth coastal forests) it isnot possible to designate any particular region as critical using speciesinventories as indicators. Macrofungi are known to occupy distinct ranges(Redhead ) associated with a variety of vegetation types, so theassumption can be made that total loss, modification, or destruction of avegetation zone would eliminate fungal species. Hence, by preservingselected habitats, entire fungal communities will be preserved.

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Documentation of the status of individual species is usually not possibleon a large scale. Exceptions have been made for economically importantspecies that are particularly distinctive; for example, ‘‘Indian PaintFungus’’ (Echinodontium tinctorium ) (Thomas ). For most macro-fungi, reliance must be made on field observations by knowledgeable biol-ogists. It is significant that only a single fungus, namely the ‘‘FuzzySandozi’’ (Oxyporus nobilissimus ) (Christy ), occurs on any endan-gered species list (Oregon Natural Heritage Program List) in North Amer-ica. This is a very large, conspicuous polypore known to be associatedwith old-growth noble fir (Abies procera ) in Washington and Oregon. Ithas not been found in British Columbia. Both the Forest ProductsLaboratory, Wisconsin, and the Department of Botany, University ofWashington, are involved in documenting this species in the PacificNorthwest (Coombs ). There are no other North American fungi onendangered lists.

However, in Europe, a series of ‘‘Red Lists’’ has been developed(Arnolds , ) that lists rare or endangered species. Europe has amuch more completely known mycota and a longer history to draw upon.From these data, trends in fungal population fluctuations can be plotted.Arnolds () enumerated species for the ‘‘Red List’’ for the Nether-lands, of which were threatened with extirpation and had alreadybeen eliminated.

For British Columbia — and for that matter, virtually all of Canada —reliance must be made on field observations by trained observers. Hence,among the larger polypores in British Columbia, Polyporoletus sublividusmay be designated rare, and perhaps endangered. It appears to have beencollected only twice in British Columbia, both on Vancouver Island; oncein the vicinity of Lake Cowichan in , and once near Courtenay in ( records). Unfortunately, one cannot point to an existingCanadian population with any certainty ( years have lapsed since it waslast sighted); once located, the species should be well plotted by the nextresearcher. The species was recently rediscovered in the Cascade Range inWashington State (specimens at University of Washington herbarium[] and the National Mycological Herbarium, Ottawa []).Albatrellus caeruleoporus, although not reported by Gilbertson andRyvarden (–) from western North America, is a rare fungus inthe U.S. Pacific Northwest and has been found in British Columbia(Spahats Creek Provincial Park) by T. Goward (Ginns, unpubl. informa-tion). It is a distinctive species, having an overall blue colouration.

Among the non-poroid aphyllophorales, Stereopsis humphreyi is conspic-uous, unusual, and rare, so that it too might be considered endangered.Only two localities are known with certainty: one on the Olympic Peninsulaof Washington and one on the Queen Charlotte Islands, in Naikoon Provin-cial Park near Tow Hill Ecological Reserve (Redhead and Reid ).Typhula mycophaga, a clavaroid parasite of puffballs, is known only fromthe type locality in the Beaver River Valley of Glacier National Park(Berthier and Redhead ). It may be rare, because nothing like it hasbeen seen on other expeditions in western North America. Another easilycharacterized species, Mycena tubarioides, an agaric found in the same valley

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and the nearby extensive Moberly Marsh in the Columbia River valley(Rocky Mountain Trench), is known only from these sites and fromWhidbey Island, Washington (specimen in the University of Washington[]) in North America. Its restricted habitat on bases of decaying cattails(Typha sp.) no doubt obscures it from ready detection (Redhead ).

Xeromphalina campanelloides occurs in two locations on VancouverIsland: at Lake Cowichan in Gordon Bay Provincial Park, and in Gold-stream Provincial Park. It has also been collected on the Olympic Peninsulaand in restricted sites in eastern North America in disjunct populations(Redhead ). Unfortunately X. campanelloides resembles X. campanella,an exceedingly common species; hence it is only recognized in the fieldwith difficulty.

Among the agaric species more conspicuous to the trained eye are thosein the genus Phaeocollybia. This genus reaches its northernmost limit inwestern North America on Vancouver Island in the Carmanah Valley. Onenew species, P. carmanahensis, was discovered in old growth in the upperCarmanah Valley (Redhead and Norvell ). Six species in total areknown from the valley, the only sites in western Canada for the genus(specimens in ). The other five species occur in greater abundancein the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It should be noted, however,that adjacent valleys (with the exception of a -day trip to the Walbran)have not been searched.

Rare or rarely seen species in genera that form inconspicuous or non-descript fructifications abound in the province even within populated areas.Some examples are: Tetragoniomyces uliginosus, known worldwide fromthree sites, one in Finland, one in Germany, and one on the University ofBritish Columbia Endowment Lands (Oberwinkler and Bandoni );Dacrymyces aquaticus, known only from the University of British Columbiaendowment lands (Bandoni and Hughes ); Hypochnopsis mustaliensis, inBritish Columbia known only from one collection from the Lake Cowichanarea (Ginns ); and Syzygospora subsolida, known to science from onlyone collection in the Beaver River Valley, Glacier National Park (Ginns). Many other aphyllophorales fall into this category.

4 LIST OF RARE OR NOTABLE SPECIES OF MACROFUNGIOF BRITISH COLUMBIA

The following is a list of rare or notable macrofungi that have been foundin British Columbia. Preliminary status designations follow the names andauthorities of many species. These designations are the same as those usedby the Conservation Data Centre, B.C. Ministry of Environment, Landsand Parks (see Appendix ).

Albatrellus caeruleoporus (Peck) Pouz. ()Arrhenia retiruga (Bull.:Fr.) RedheadBoletus barrowsii Thiers ()Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum (Berk. & Curt.) Singer ()Clavulina ornatipes (Peck) Corner

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Clitlopius hobsonii (Berk.) OrtonCollybia bakerensis A.H. Smith ()Coprinus kubickae Pil. & Svr.Coprinus phaeosporus Karst. ()Dacrymyces aquaticus Bandoni & HughesGammundia leucophylla (Gillet) Raithl. ()Gymnopilus punctifolius (Peck) SingerHemimycena albicolor (A.H. Smith) c.p.Hemimycena cyphelloides (Orton) Maas G.Hemimycena hirsuta (Tode) SingerHemimycena ignobilis (Joss.) c.p. ()Hemimycena nebulophila (Redhead) c.p. ()Hemimycena substellata (Kuhner) c.p. ()Hydnellum geogenium (Fr.) Karst. ()Hypholoma tuberosum Redhead & Kroeger ()Hypochnopsis mustaliensis (Karst.) Karst. ()Lepiota flammeatincta KauffmanMarasmius caricis Karst.Marasmius epidryas Kuhner ()Marasmius tremulae Vel. ()Mycena bulbosa (Cejip) Kuhner ()Mycena lilacifolia (Peck) A.H. SmithMycena longiseta von HohnelMycena paucilamellata A.H. SmithMycena tubarioides (R. Maire) Kuhner ()Mycenella nodulosa (A.H. Smith) VellingaMythicomyces corneipes (Fr.) Redhead & SmithOmphalina marchantiae (Singer & Clem.) Norvell et al. ()Ossicaulis lignatilis (Pers.) Redhead & Ginns ()Pachylepyrium carbonicola (A.H. Smith) SingerPhaeocollybia attenuata (A.H. Smith) Singer ()Phaeocollybia carmanahensis Redhead & Norvell ()Phaeocollybia fallax A.H. Smith ()Phaeocollybia kauffmanii (A.H. Smith) Singer ()Phaeocollybia piceae A.H. Smith ()Phaeocollybia pseudofestiva A.H. Smith ()Phaeogalera stagnina (Fr.) KuhnerPholiota brunnescens Smith & HeslerPholiota carbonaria A.H. SmithPholiota fulvozonata Smith & HeslerPholiota molesta HeslerPolyporoletus sublividus Snell ()Psathyrella ammophila (Dur. & Lev.) Orton ()Pseudobaeospora pillodii (Quel.) Wasser ()Psilocybe rhombispora (Britz.) Sacc.Psilocybe sabulosa PeckRhodocybe trachyspora var. vinacea (R. & B.) B. & L.Rhodocybe hirneola (Fr.) OrtonRimbachia arachnoidea (Peck) Redhead

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Rimbachia bryophila (Pers.) RedheadRimbachia neckerae (Fr.) RedheadStereopsis humphreyi (Burt) Redhead & Reid ()Suillus pseudobrevipes Smith & Thiers Syzygospora subsolida Ginns ()Tetragoniomyces uliginosus (Karst.) Oberw. & Bandoni ()Tetrapyrgos subdendrophora (Redhead) Horak ()Tricholoma cingulatum (Fr.) Jacobasch ()Typhula mycophaga Berthier & Redhead ()Xeromphalina campanelloides Redhead ()Xeromphalina cirris Redhead

5 LIST OF POSSIBLY RARE MACROFUNGI FROMBRITISH COLUMBIA BY ECOREGIONS1

Based on limited information, potentially rare species are listed for eachecoregion in British Columbia. All unmarked species should be listed as‘‘,’’ because insufficient data are available for several reasons: crypticnature of species, difficulty in identification, or lack of field collectors. Alllisted species are known from five or fewer sites in British Columbia, andthose are marked ‘‘’’ from five or fewer sites globally. Some are knownonly from the type site in B.C. Vouchers for all species, except forDacrymyces aquaticus and Tetragoniomyces uliginosus at the University ofBritish Columbia, are deposited in the national mycological herbarium inOttawa ().

Ecoprovince:Coast and Mountains

. Ecoregion: Cascade RangeGammundia leucophylla (Gillet) Raithl. ()Omphalina marchantiae (Singer & Clem.) Norvell et al. ()Xeromphalina cirris RedheadArea minimally sampled.

. Ecoregion: Coastal GapMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

. Ecoregion: Northern Coastal MountainsMarasmius epidryas Kuhner ()M. tremulae Vel. ()Tricholoma cingulatum (Fr.) Jacobasch ()Area minimally sampled.

. Ecoregion: Pacific RangesHemimycena ignobilis (Joss.) c.p. ()Omphalina marchantiae (Singer & Clem.) Norvell et al. ()Area minimally sampled.

Ecoregion designation based on Demarchi, D. . Ecoregions of British Columbia.

9

. Ecoregion: Nass BasinMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

. Ecoregion: Nass RangesMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

. Ecoregion: Queen Charlotte LowlandCoprinus phaeosporus Karst. ()Hydnellum geogenium (Fr.) Karst. ()Mycena paucilamellata A.H. SmithPhaeogalera stagnina (Fr.) KuhnerPsathyrella ammophila (Dur. & Lev.) Orton ()Rhodocybe trachyspora var. vinacea (Redhead & Baroni) Baroni &

LargentStereopsis humphreyi (Burt) Redhead & Reid ()Area intensively sampled once only during a dry fall season.

. Ecoregion: Queen Charlotte RangesMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

. Ecoregion: Western Vancouver IslandClavulina ornatipes (Peck) CornerGymnopilus punctifolius (Peck) SingerHemimycena hirsuta (Tode) SingerLepiota flammeatincta KauffmanMycena longiseta von HohnelPhaeocollybia attenuata (A.H. Smith) Singer ()P. carmanahensis Redhead & Norvell ()P. fallax A.H. Smith ()P. kauffmanii (A.H. Smith) Singer ()P. piceae A.H. Smith ()P. pseudofestiva A.H. Smith ()Sampled in several brief -day visits.

Ecoprovince:Georgia Depression

. Ecoregion: Eastern Vancouver IslandArrhenia retiruga (Bull.:Fr.) RedheadBoletus barrowsii Thiers ()Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum (Berk. & Curt.) Singer ()Hypochnopsis mustaliensis (Karst.) Karst. ()Micromphale sp. nov.Mycena bulbosa (Cejip) Kuhner ()Polyporoletus sublividus Snell ()Rhodocybe hirneola (Fr.) OrtonXeromphalina campanelloides Redhead ()Xeromphalina cirris RedheadRelatively intensively explored but in a mostly unorganized fashion.

However, most species still undocumented.

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. Ecoregion: Lower MainlandDacrymyces aquaticus Bandoni & HughesHypholoma tuberosum Redhead & Kroeger ()Mycena paucilamellata A.H. SmithRimbachia arachnoidea (Peck) RedheadR. bryophila (Pers.) RedheadTetragoniomyces uliginosus (Karst.) Oberw. & Bandoni ()Tetrapyrgos subdendrophora (Redhead) Horak ()Area of most intensive exploration but in a mostly unorganized

fashion. Most of species still undocumented.

. Ecoregion: Strait of GeorgiaPsilocybe rhombispora (Britz.) Sacc.Area minimally sampled.

Ecoprovince:Central Interior

. Ecoregion: Chilcotin RangesMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

. Ecoregion: Fraser PlateauMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

Ecoprovince:Sub-Boreal Interior

. Ecoregion: Fraser BasinOssicaulis lignatilis (Pers.) Redhead & Ginns ()Area minimally sampled.

Ecoprovince:Southern Interior

Mountains

. Ecoregion: Columbia Mountains and HighlandsAlbatrellus caeruleoporus (Peck) Pouz. ()Clitopilus hobsonii (Berk.) OrtonCollybia bakerensis A.H. Smith ()Hemimycena cyphelloides (Orton) Maas G.H. ignobilis (Joss.) c.p.H. nebulophila (Redhead) c.p. ()H. substellata (Kuhner) c.p. ()Marasmius epidryas KuhnerM. tremulae Vel. ()Mycena lilacifolia (Peck) A.H. SmithM. longiseta von HohnelM. tubarioides (R. Maire) Kuhner ()Mycenella nodulosa (A.H. Smith) VellingaMythicomyces corneipes (Fr.) Redhead & SmithPachylepyrium carbonicola (A.H. Smith) SingerPholiota brunnescens Smith & HeslerP. carbonaria A.H. SmithP. fulvozonata Smith & HeslerP. molesta HeslerPseudobaeospora pillodii (Quel.) Wasser ()Rimbachia neckerae (Fr.) RedheadSyzygospora subsolida Ginns ()Typhula mycophaga Berthier & Redhead ()Area intensively sampled by Redhead in one late fall season only

(Sept. ).

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. Ecoregion: Southern Canadian Rocky MountainsMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

. Ecoregion: Southern Rocky Mountain TrenchHemimycena albicolor (A.H. Smith) c.p.H. cyphelloides (Orton) Maas G.Marasmius caricis Karst.Mycena tubarioides (R. Maire) Kuhner ()Area minimally sampled.

Ecoprovince:Southern Interior

. Ecoregion: Okanagan HighlandCoprinus kubickae Pil. & Svr.Area generally unexplored.

. Ecoregion: Okanagan RangeMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

. Ecoregion: Thompson-Okanagan PlateauPsilocybe sabulosa PeckSuillus pseudobrevipes Smith & ThiersArea generally unexplored.

Ecoprovince:Boreal Plains

. Ecoregion: Alberta PlateauMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

Ecoprovince:Taiga Plains

. Ecoregion: Fort Nelson LowlandMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

Ecoprovince:Northern Boreal

Mountains

. Ecoregion: Liard BasinMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

. Ecoregion: Northern Canadian Rocky MountainsMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

. Ecoregion: Northern Mountains and PlateausMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

. Ecoregion: Tatshenshini BasinMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

. Ecoregion: Yukon–Stikine HighlandsMycologically unexplored or data minimal.

6 RANKING OF ECOREGIONS

Based upon the data available for macrofungi from British Columbia, it isnot reasonable to rank the various ecoregions solely on the number ofreports. Some species that have only been reported once or twice are

12

undoubtedly common, as are species not yet recorded in the literature.However, within a Canadian perspective, there are certain regions in Brit-ish Columbia unique to Canada and they will harbour species unlikely tobe found elsewhere in the country. In particular, the wet coastal forestscomposed of tree species restricted to British Columbia in Canada, andalpine and subalpine regions not available elsewhere, will host species notfound in other parts of Canada.

Ecoregion:Western Vancouver

Island

This region has scarcely been sampled but has yielded several species notfound elsewhere in Canada. In particular, the genus Phaeocollybia is repre-sented by six species: P. attenuata, P. carmanahensis, P. fallax, P. kauff-manii, P. pseudofestiva, and P. piceae from Vancouver Island. All werediscovered in or ; the most recently discovered species, P. car-manahensis, is not documented anywhere else. This genus is being consid-ered as an indicator either of old-growth wet western coniferous forests or(at least indicative) of the presence of old-growth elements in the states ofWashington and Oregon for the purposes of helping to define NorthernSpotted Owl habitats. All six species were found in the Carmanah Valleybut may also be present elsewhere in British Columbia. Five of the sixoccur in greater abundance along the coast of the United States down tonorthern California.

Exploration of western valleys is expected to reveal many more coast-hugging species. An interesting feature just discovered in was theexistence of mushrooms (agaricales), including mycorrhizal ones, onmossy branches in forest canopies.

Ecoregion:Columbia Mountains

and Highlands

This region proved to be fairly rich in rare or unusual fungi not yetreported from elsewhere in Canada or North America. The only knownlocations for Typhula mycophaga, Hemimycena nebulophila, and Syz-ygospora subsolida are in this region, all within Glacier National Park. Allthree are small species that could have been overlooked in other locations,however. Nonetheless, no other locations are known.

Other relatively rare species are Albatrellus caeruleoporus, Hemimycenasubstellata, Marasmius tremulae, Mycena tubarioides, Mycenella nodulosa(specimens in ), Pseudobaeospora pillodii, and Rimbachia neckerae.

Ecoregion:Queen Charlotte

Lowland

This ecoregion and the Queen Charlotte Ranges Ecoregion are expected toharbour many unusual species, only a few of which have been docu-mented. One of the most unusual is Stereopsis humphreyi, known withcertainty from only two other adjacent sites in coastal Washington. Thisspecies was collected from one population in Naikoon Provincial Park.Coprinus phaeosporus, although collected only once in North Americafrom the Queen Charlotte Islands, was found in a pasture and is anexceedingly obscure fungus. Its importance as a site indicator is thereforeless obvious. Both Mycena paucilamellata (specimens in ) and Rho-docybe trachyspora var. vinacea are restricted to coastal North America,while Phaeogalera stagnina (specimens in ) and Psathyrellaammophila have restricted habitat requirements (bogs for the former,dunes for the latter), but are more widespread in North America,although rarely reported.

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Ecoregion:Northern Coastal

Mountains

This region was visited during days and revealed three species rarelyrecorded from North America, two being probably more widespread innorthern regions (i.e., Marasmius epidryas and Tricholoma cingulatum[specimens in ]) while the third, M. tremulae, evidently represents apost-glacial migrant into North America. Further mycological investigationof the area should prove to be very productive.

Ecoregion:Southern Rocky

Mountain Trench

Out of the four species flagged as rarely recorded, three are from theextensive Moberly Marsh adjacent to the Trans-Canada Highway: Hemi-mycena cyphelloides, Marasmius caricis, and Mycena tubarioides. The last isknown only from this area and adjoining valleys in Glacier National Park.

Ecoregion:Thompson–

Okanagan Plateau

Relatively little is known about this drier region but, apparently, it sup-ports species such as the two flagged ones not found elsewhere in Canada.Psilocybe sabulosa (specimens in ) is very rarely collected, probablybecause it fruits in dry habitats not frequented by collectors of fleshyfungi. The second, Suillus pseudobrevipes (specimens in ), is mycor-rhizal and occurs further south in greater abundance.

Ecoregion:Cascade Range

This region has not been examined in detail. A new species of Pseu-doomphalina (specimens in ) was discovered during a spring visit toManning Provincial Park near Lightning Lake, but has not yet beendescribed. The other unusual species listed, Gammundia leucophylla,Omphalina marchantiae (both unpublished records), and Xeromphalinacirris, are uncommon to rare but not restricted to the province.

Ecoregion:Eastern Vancouver

Island

Species of particular interest are: Boletus barrowsii (possibly introducedaround Victoria); a possibly new species of Micromphale (specimens in) found once in Goldstream Provincial Park; Polyporoletus sublividus(discussed in text); and Xeromphalina campanelloides (a rare disjunct toeastern North American populations).

Ecoregion:Lower Mainland

The area around Vancouver has yielded exceedingly rare species, which, insome cases, appear to have been introduced from unknown locations in theworld. One species, Hypholoma tuberosum, found to be locally abundant oncompost piles, has been discovered to be native to Australia. Another spe-cies, Tetrapyrgos subdendrophora, colonizes grasses in disturbed sites. A newspecies in the latter genus has been discovered also on grasses, near theUniversity of British Columbia experimental forest in Haney.

7 SURVEYS AND SURVEY TECHNIQUES USED TO DATE

There has been no systematic study of the macrofungi of British Colum-bia. As mentioned above, systematic surveys were carried out in selectedforest districts by the federal government in the s–s for tree-decaying fungi. These include many macrofungi. These surveys were oftencarried out by district rangers who sent materials to the Pacific Forestry

14

Centre in Victoria. Cultures and fruitbodies were sent to AgricultureCanada in Ottawa for verification. In the late s, a student at the Uni-versity of British Columbia, J. Davidson, undertook a study of the agaricsof the ‘‘Vancouver district.’’ Only a part of her thesis was published(Davidson ). Given the state of knowledge in agaric taxonomy in thatera, the information given is scant and largely suspect.

The provincial handbook series (Hardy ; Bandoni and Szczawinski, ) covers less than % of the species in British Columbia but rep-resents more complete coverage than most other provinces offer.

Several field trips have been conducted specifically to accumulate dataon macrofungi in the province by this author. Southern Vancouver Islandwas sampled in the fall of and in . Glacier National Park and Mt.Revelstoke National Park were sampled late in . The Queen CharlotteIslands (Graham Island lower elevations) were sampled in the dry autumnof , and brief excursions were made to Stewart, Prince Rupert,Kelowna, Manning Park, Meager Mountain, and southern VancouverIsland in the fall of , and Mt. Seymour and Manning Provincial Parksin the spring seasons of and . In all cases, random sampling hasbeen done to accommodate the largest number of species that could besampled in a set period of time. Species new to science were discovered inall areas intensively sampled (e.g., Graham Island, Glacier National Park,and southern Vancouver Island), and (as in one case where new recordsof a specific genus, Phaeocollybia, were made) specifically sought (Redheadand Norvell ).

Three amateur collectors have made substantial and valuable contribu-tions to the province’s inventories. Mrs. M.C. Melburn (Victoria) collectedon southern Vancouver Island in the s and s, depositing collec-tions in herbaria with Agriculture Canada in Ottawa () and thePacific Forestry Centre in Victoria (). Trevor Goward, has sampledWells Gray Provincial Park and maintains collections in his herbariumand in Ottawa. Finally, Paul Kroeger, president of the VancouverMycological Society, has searched for and discovered rare or undescribedspecies in Vancouver and Meager Mountain (Redhead and Kroeger ,; Kroeger b).

A more systematic study has been initiated by Gamiet and Berch ()using defined plots in old-growth forest in the University of BritishColumbia research forest near Haney. This study, still in the preliminaryphases of development, has generated published records of moreagarics for the province.

8 FUTURE STUDIES

It is obvious that an immense amount of work is required to properlyinventory the macrofungal population in British Columbia. For most ofthe ecoregions of the province, less than % of the macromycota has beensystematically surveyed. Even if funds were available, there would be ashortage of trained researchers in Canada. Therefore, several differenttypes of approaches could be employed.

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One tactic is to develop a grid of comparable permanent plots for long-term study in selected habitats. One site has already been established byGamiet and Berch (). A series of such sites would allow for com-parison between different vegetation zones. In particular, such plotsshould be initiated in undisturbed areas, including old growth of each for-est type, as well as bunchgrass and alpine and tundra regions. However,data from such plots need to be compared to those from second growthor disturbed areas also. Such studies need to be funded on a long-termbasis. They could be combined with studies on the effects of harvestingcommercial species, because the biodiversity within a picking area maywell be affected by the impact on the commercial species. Studies similarto those recommended here have been initiated in Washington, Oregon,and California by Dr. J. Ammirati (University of Washington), by L.L.Norvell, along with the Oregon Mycological Society (Portland), and byDr. David Largent (Humboldt State University). It should be noted, how-ever, that there are definite limitations on the sampling methods usingplots, and that rare fungi are likely to be overlooked. De Vries (1990)demonstrated that the number of species of wood-inhabiting macrofungiincreased continually with increasing plot sizes in temperate forests, aresult of high fungal biodiversity.

A second approach is to promote general ‘‘floristic’’ studies within theprovince. The large number of species that require rudimentary documen-tation and the existence of many undescribed species, as demonstrated bythe random sampling to date, are major hurdles to a more detailed inven-tory. Promotion of such floristic studies can be accomplished in severalways, which must take into account the shortage of trained individuals. Ageneral position could be created at the provincial level for fungi (e.g., amuseum biologist); a joint university–provincial position could be created;linkages could be made with established national research centres toensure expertise is directed towards British Columbia; funds could beestablished to support student research at a university; funds or supportin kind could be used to tap expertise among advanced amateurs (e.g.,Vancouver Mycological Society); and funds could be established for BritishColumbia field work by North American experts on different groups offungi.

A third option would be to concentrate on suspected rare fungi and totry to document their occurrence in greater detail, such as is being donefor the ‘‘Fuzzy Sandozi’’ (Coombs ). This may prove to be futileunless the fungus is large, easily characterized, and produces long-livedfructifications (increasing the likelihood of discovery). Oxyporusnobilissimus fulfils these requirements.

The compilation of the reported macrofungi from British Columbiathat is part of this report establishes a basis for further studies. Manymore species need to be annotated. To be effective, reference materialshould be maintained in the province. Currently, there are majormycological collections (see Appendix ) at the University of BritishColumbia (Vancouver) and at the Pacific Forestry Centre (Victoria). Mea-sures should be taken to ensure both remain in British Columbia and thateach is actively curated and funded.

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9 POTENTIAL THREATS TO FUNGI

The greatest threat to the native mycota, macrofungi in particular, is habi-tat destruction. Destruction of any one type of habitat, usually climax veg-etation, will inevitably lead to the creation of secondary habitats. As such,some fungal species will actually increase in numbers, especially oppor-tunistic species, decayers of slash, parasites of weedy species, many sap-rophytic moulds, and pioneering mycorrhizal species. Competition bythese other fungi may secondarily be the cause for decline of species thatdirectly survived the habitat destruction. Interestingly enough, some habi-tats maintained by humankind in some countries now harbour rare spe-cies, and these habitats (such as mowed meadows in Poland) must becontinually mowed to ‘‘preserve’’ the habitat (Guminska ). Such habi-tats were probably rejuvenated by natural disturbances (e.g., fire, grazingby wild animals) historically, but now require human intervention.

Aside from obvious habitat ‘‘destruction,’’ the activities of humans havenegative impacts on mycota in several additional ways. Air pollution,which has frequently been linked to damage to trees, has been shown toaffect mycorrhizal fungi and, as a consequence, the fungal biodiversity inEurope. Usually this is the result of acidification of sensitive soils. Somegenera and families of ectomycorrhizal macromycetes are more sensitive topollution than others and disappear first (Arnolds , , , ).In severely affected areas the mycorrhizae are so ‘‘sick’’ that it is the healthof the symbiotic fungi that is leading to unhealthy trees. Ground orgroundwater pollution may also come in the form of enrichment, partic-ularly by nitrogenous sources (e.g., farm runoff, fertilization of forestsusing sewage). Symbiotic relationships are often finely balanced and if agroup of plants can grow prolifically in the absence of their mycorrhizalpartners, they may well shuck them off. Ultimately, the source of enrich-ment may eliminate some mycorrhizal species that are unable to regener-ate when the ecosystem reverts back to its unenriched status (Arnolds). Runoff water contaminated by fungicides may have similar effectsin eliminating mycorrhizal species.

Theoretically, overharvesting of the commercial species could lead todecimation of the population. However, ‘‘overharvesting’’ is a comparativeterm and nobody knows how much harvesting a mycelium, a forest, or aregion can sustain. Planned, long-term studies have not been in place forlong enough periods to show significant trends. Studies on the effects ofharvesting edible mushrooms are being conducted in Oregon (Can-tharellus cibarius [Norvell ]) and in California (Boletus edulis, Can-tharellus cibarius, Tricholoma magnivelare [D.L. Largent, , pers.comm.]). Commercial harvesting of fungi in British Columbia was thetopic of discussion in March in Victoria (de Geus et al. ).

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APPENDIX 1 British Columbia polypores

Abortiporus biennisAlbatrellus caeruleoporus 2

Albatrellus confluensAlbatrellus flettiiAlbatrellus ovinusAmylocystis lapponicaAnomoporia albolutescensAnomoporia bombycinaAnomoporia myceliosaAntrodia albidaAntrodia albobrunneaAntrodia carbonicaAntrodia heteromorphaAntrodia serialisAntrodia sinuosaAntrodia sitchensisAntrodia vaillantiiAntrodia variiformisAntrodia xanthaAntrodiella romelliiAntrodiella semisupinaAporpium caryaeBjerkandera adustaBjerkandera fumosaBoletopsis subsquamosaBondarzewia montanaByssoporia terrestreCeriporia excelsaCeriporia purpureaCeriporia reticulataCeriporia tardaCeriporia viridansCeriporiopsis aneirinusCeriporiopsis mucidusCeriporiopsis pannocinctusCeriporiopsis rivulosusCerrena unicolorClimacocystis borealisColtricia cinnamomeaColtricia perennisCoriolopsis gallicaCryptoporus volvatus

Rare: addition to Gilbertson and Ryvarden (–).

Daedaleopsis confragosaDatronia mollisDatronia scutellataDatronia stereoidesDichomitus squalensDiplomitoporus crustulinusDiplomitoporus lenisDiplomitoporus lindbladiiEchinodontium tinctoriumFomes fomentariusFomitopsis cajanderiFomitopsis officinalisFomitopsis pinicolaFomitopsis roseaGanoderma applanatumGanoderma oregonenseGloeophyllum carbonariumGloeophyllum odoratumGloeophyllum protractumGloeophyllum sepiariumGloeoporus dichrousGloeoporus taxicolaHapalopilus nidulansHapalopilus salmonicolorHapaloporus odorusHeterobasidion annosumInonotus circinatusInonotus cuticularisInonotus dryadeusInonotus glomeratusInonotus obliquusInonotus radiatusInonotus rheadesInonotus subiculosusInonotus tomentosusIrpex lacteusIschnoderma resinosumJahnoporus hirtusJunghuhnia collabensJunghuhnia luteoalbaJunghuhnia nitidaJunghuhnia separabilima

18

Junghuhnia zonataLaetiporus sulphureusLenzites betulinaLeptoporus mollisMeruliporia incrassataOligoporia anguloporusOligoporia balsameusOligoporia caesiusOligoporia fragilisOligoporia guttulatusOligoporia leucospongiaOligoporia mappusOligoporia obductaOligoporia perdelicatusOligoporia placentusOligoporia sericeomollisOligoporia stipticusOligoporia tephroleucusOligoporia undosusOxyporus corticolaOxyporus cuneatusOxyporus latemarginatusOxyporus populinusOxyporus similisPerenniporia medulla-panisPerenniporia subacidaPerenniporia tenuis var. pulchellaPhaeollus schweinitziiPhellinus chrysolomaPhellinus conchatusPhellinus ferreusPhellinus ferrugineofuscusPhellinus ferruginosusPhellinus hartigiiPhellinus igniariusPhellinus laevigatusPhellinus nigrolimitatusPhellinus piniPhellinus punctatusPhellinus repandus

Rare: not seen for years.

Phellinus tremulaePhellinus viticolaPhellinus weiriiPhysisporinus sanguinolentusPhysisporinus vitreusPiptoporus betulinusPolyporoletus sublividus 3

Polyporus alveolarisPolyporus arcularisPolyporus badiusPolyporus brumalisPolyporus elegansPolyporus melanopusPolyporus squamosusPolyporus variusPycnoporellus alboluteusPycnoporellus fulgensPycnoporus cinnabarinusRigidoporus crocatusSkeletocutis alutaceaSkeletocutis amorphaSkeletocutis niveaSkeletocutis stellaeSpongipellis delectansSpongipellis spumeusTrametes cervinaTrametes hirsutaTrametes ochraceaTrametes pubescensTrametes versicolorTrechispora molluscaTrichaptum abietinumTrichaptum biformeTrichaptum laricinumTrichaptum subchartaceumTyromyces chioneusTyromyces galactinusWolfiporia cocosWrightoporia lenta

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APPENDIX 2 Aphyllophorales from British Columbia, excepting polyporesand chanterelles, and terrestrial clavaroid fungi

Acanthophysium abietis (Jackson & Lemke) Ginns & Lefebvre

Acanthophysium cerussatum (Bres.) Boidin

Acanthophysium farlowii (Burt) Ginns & Lefebvre

Acanthophysium lividocoeruleum (Karsten) Boidin

Acanthophysium macrocystidiatum (Lemke) Boidin

Acanthophysium weirii (Burt) Nakasone

Aleurocystidiellum subcruentatum (Berk. & Curtis) Lemke

Aleurodiscus amorphus (Pers.:Fr.) Schroter

Aleurodiscus aurantius (Pers.:Fr.) Schroter

Aleurodiscus grantii Lloyd

Aleurodiscus occidentalis Ginns

Aleurodiscus penicillatus Burt

Aleurodiscus spiniger D.P. Rogers & Lemke

Amphinema byssoides (Pers.:Fr.) Eriksson

Amyloathelia amylaceus (Bourd. & Galzin) Hjort. & Ryv.

Amylobasidium tsugae Ginns

Amylocorticium cebennense (Bourd.) Pouzar

Amylocorticium subincarnatum (Peck) Pouzar

Amylocorticium subsulphureum (Karsten) Pouzar

Amylostereum chailletii (Pers.:Fr.) Boidin

Asterodon ferruginosus Pat.

Asterostroma andinum Pat.

Athelia cystidiolophora Parm.

Athelia decipiens (Hohnel & Litsch.) Eriksson

Athelia epiphylla Pers.:Fr.

Athelia laxa (Burt) Julich

Athelia munda (Jackson & Dearden) M. Christiansen

Athelia salicum Pers.

Athelia scutellare (Berk. & Curtis) Gilbn.

Athelopsis subinconspicua (Litsch.) Julich

Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.:Fr.) Wettst.

Auriscalpium vulgare S.F. Gray

Basidiodendron caesiocinerea (Hohnel & Litsch.) Luck-Allen

Basidiodendron cinerea (Bres.) Luck-Allen

Basidiodendron eyrei (Wakef.) Luck-Allen

Basidiodendron fulvum (Massee) Ginns

Basidioradulum radula (Fr.:Fr.) Nobles

Boidinia furfuraceum (Bres.) Stalpers & Hjort.

Boidinia propinqua (Jackson & Dearden) Hjort. & Ryv.

Boreostereum radiatum (Peck) Parm.

Botryobasidium ansosum (Jackson & D.P. Rogers) Parm.

Botryobasidium danicum Eriksson & Hjort.

Botryobasidium pruinatum (Bres.) Eriksson

Botryobasidium subcoronatum (Hohnel & Litsch.) Donk

Botryobasidium vagum (Berk. & Curtis) D.P. Rogers

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Botryohypochnus isabellinus (Fr.) Eriksson

Butlerelfia eustacei Weresub & Illman

Calathella eruciformis var. eruciformis (Batsch:Fr.) D. Reid

Calocera cornea (Batsch:Fr.) Fr.

Calocera viscosa (Pers.:Fr.) Fr.

Calyptella capula (Holmsk.:Fr.) Quel.

Ceraceomyces borealis (Romell) Eriksson & Ryv.

Ceraceomyces serpens (Tode:Fr.) Ginns

Ceraceomyces sublaevis (Bres.) Julich

Ceraceomyces sulphurinus (Karsten) Eriksson & Ryv.

Ceraceomyces tessulatus (Cooke) Julich

Cerinomyces crustulinus (Bourd. & Galzin) G.W. Martin

Chaetodermella luna (D.P. Rogers & Jackson) Rauschert

Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.:Fr.) Pouzar

Clavicorona piperata (Kauffm.) Leathers & A.H. Sm.

Clavicorona taxophila (Thom) Doty

Clavulicium macounii (Burt) Eriksson & Boidin

Coniophora arida var. arida (Fr.) Karsten

Coniophora fusispora (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc.

Coniophora olivacea (Fr.:Fr.) Karsten

Coniophora puteana (Schum.:Fr.) Karsten

Corticium boreoroseum Boidin & Lanquetin

Corticium minnsiae (Jackson) Boidin & Lanquetin

Corticium roseum Pers.:Fr.

Cristinia helvetica (Pers.) Parm.

Cristinia mucida (Bourd. & Galzin) Eriksson & Ryv.

Crustoderma dryinum (Berk. & Curtis) Parm.

Crustoderma longicystidia (Litsch.) Nakasone

Crustoderma resinosum (Jackson & Dearden) Gilbn.

Crustoderma testatum (Jackson & Dearden) Nakasone

Crustomyces expallens (Bres.) Hjort.

Crustomyces pini-canadensis ssp. pini-canadensis (Schw.) Julich

Crustomyces pini-canadensis ssp. subabruptus (Bourd. & Galzin) Ginns &Lefebvre

Cylindrobasidium corrugum (Burt) Ginns

Cylindrobasidium laeve (Pers.:Fr.) Chamuris

Cyphellopsis anomala (Pers.:Fr.) Donk

Cyphellopsis confusa (Bres.) D. Reid

Cyphellopsis subglobispora D. Reid

Cyphellostereum laeve (Fr.) D. Reid

Cystostereum murraii (Berk. & Curtis) Pouzar

Cytidia salicina (Fr.) Burt

Dacrymyces aquaticus Bandoni & G.C. Hughes

Dacrymyces capitatus Schw.

Dacrymyces chrysocomus (Bull.:Fr.) Tul.

Dacrymyces chrysospermus Berk. & Curtis

Dacrymyces dictyosporus G.W. Martin

Dacrymyces minutus (Olive) McNabb

Dacrymyces ovisporus Bref.

21

Dacryobolus karstenii (Bres.) Parm.

Dacryobolus sudans (Alb. & Schw.:Fr.) Fr.

Dacryonaema rufum (Fr.:Fr.) Nannf.

Dendrothele candida var. candida (Schw.:Fr.) Lemke

Dendrothele incrustans (Lemke) Lemke

Dichostereum boreale (Pouzar) Ginns & Lefebvre*Dichostereum effuscatum (Cooke & Ellis) Boidin & Lanquetin

Dichostereum pallescens (Schw.) Boidin & Lanquetin

Ditiola radicata var. radicata (Alb. & Schw.):Fr.

Echinodontium tinctorium (Ellis & Ev.) Ellis & Ev.

Eichleriella deglubens (Berk. & Br.) D. Reid

Entomocorticium dendroctoni H.S. Whitney

Exidia candida Lloyd

Exidia crenata (Schw.) Fr.

Exidia glandulosa (Bull.) Fr.

Exidia glandulosa forma populi Neuhoff

Exidia saccharina (Alb. & Schw.):Fr.

Exidiopsis diversa Wells

Exidiopsis fuliginea Rick

Exidiopsis macrospora (Ellis & Ev.) Wells

Exidiopsis paniculata Wells & Bandoni

Exidiopsis plumbescens (Burt) Wells

Femsjonia peziziformis (Lev.) Karsten

Fibricium lapponicum Eriksson

Fibricium rude (Karsten) Julich

Fibulomyces mutabilis (Bres.) Julich

Fibulomyces septentrionalis (Eriksson) Julich

Flagelloscypha minutissima (Burt) Donk

Flavophlebia sulfureo-isabellina (Litsch.) Larsson & Hjort.

Galzinia incrustans (Hohnel & Litsch.) Parm.

Gloeocystidiellum clavuligerum (Hohnel & Litsch.) Nakasone

Gloeocystidiellum karstenii (Bourd. & Galzin) Donk

Gloeocystidiellum lactescens (Berk.) Boidin

Gloeocystidiellum leucoxanthum (Bres.) Boidin

Gloeocystidiellum ochraceum (Fr.) Donk

Gloeocystidiellum porosum (Berk. & Curtis) Donk

Gloeodontia columbiensis Burdsall & Lombard

Gloiodon occidentale Ginns

Guepiniopsis buccina (Pers.:Fr.) Kennedy

Helicobasidium brebissonii (Desm.) Donk

Helicogloea lagerheimii Pat.

Henningsomyces candidus (Pers.:Fr.) Kuntze

Henningsomyces pubera (W.B. Cooke) D. Reid

Hericium abietis (Hubert) Harrison

Hericium americanum Ginns

Hericium coralloides (Scop.:Fr.) S.F. Gray

Heterotextus alpinus (Tracy & Earle) G.W. Martin

Heterotextus luteus (Bres.) McNabb

Hymenochaete badio-ferruginea (Mont.) Lev.

22

Hymenochaete cinnamomea (Pers.:Fr.) Bres.

Hymenochaete fuliginosa (Pers.) Lev. sensu Burt

Hymenochaete rubiginosa (Dickson:Fr.) Lev.

Hymenochaete spreta Peck

Hymenochaete tabacina (Sowerby:Fr.) Lev.

Hymenochaete tenuis Peck

Hyphoderma amoenum (Burt) Donk

Hyphoderma deviatum (Lundell) Eriksson & Ryv.

Hyphoderma guttuliferum (Karsten) Donk

Hyphoderma inusitata (Jackson & Dearden) Ginns

Hyphoderma medioburiense (Burt) Donk

Hyphoderma mutatum (Peck) Donk

Hyphoderma pallidum (Bres.) Donk

Hyphoderma praetermissum (Karsten) Eriksson & Strid

Hyphoderma puberum (Fr.) Wallr.

Hyphoderma roseocremeum (Bres.) Donk

Hyphoderma sambuci (Pers.) Julich

Hyphoderma setigerum (Fr.) Donk

Hyphodermella corrugata (Fr.) Eriksson & Ryv.

Hyphodontia abieticola (Bourd. & Galzin) Eriksson

Hyphodontia alutacea (Fr.) Eriksson

Hyphodontia arguta (Fr.) Eriksson

Hyphodontia barba-jovis (Bull.) Eriksson

Hyphodontia breviseta (Karsten) Eriksson

Hyphodontia crustosa (Pers.:Fr.) Eriksson

Hyphodontia floccosa (Bourd. & Galzin) Eriksson

Hyphodontia granulosa (Pers.:Fr.) Ginns & Lefebvre

Hyphodontia hastata (Litsch.) Eriksson

Hyphodontia pallidula (Bres.) Eriksson

Hyphodontia quercina (Pers.:Fr.) Eriksson

Hyphodontia spathulata (Schrader:Fr.) Parm.

Hyphodontia subalutacea (Karsten) Eriksson

Hypochnicium analogum (Bourd. & Galzin) Eriksson

Hypochnicium vellereum (Ellis & Cragin) Parm.

Hypochnopsis mustialaensis (Karsten) Karsten

Intextomyces contiguus (Karsten) Eriksson & Ryv.

Irpex lacteus (Fr.:Fr.) Fr.

Jaapia argillacea Bres.

Kavinia alboviridis (Morgan) Gilbn. & Budington

Kavinia himantia (Schw.) Eriksson

Lachnella alboviolascens (Alb. & Schw.:Fr.) Fr.

Lachnella villosa (Pers.:Fr.) Gill.

Laurilia sulcata (Burt) Pouzar

Laxitextum bicolor (Pers.:Fr.) Lentz

Leptosporomyces fuscostratus (Burt) Hjort.

Leptosporomyces galzinii (Bourd.) Julich

Leucogyrophana mollusca (Fr.) Pouzar

Leucogyrophana pinastri (Fr.:Fr.) Ginns & Weresub

Leucogyrophana pulverulenta (Sowerby:Fr.) Ginns

23

Leucogyrophana romellii Ginns

Limonomyces culmigenus (J. Webster & D. Reid) Stalpers & Loerakker

Lindtneria leucobryophila (Henn.) Julich

Melzericium udicolum (Bourd.) Hauerslev

Merismodes fasciculatus var. fasciculatus (Schw.) Earle

Merismodes ochraceus (Hoffm.:Fr.) D. Reid

Meruliopsis albostramineus (Torr.) Julich & Stalpers

Meruliopsis ambiguus (Berk.) Ginns

Meruliopsis corium (Pers.:Fr.) Ginns

Meruliopsis taxicola (Pers.:Fr.) Bondartsev

Metulodontia nivea (Karsten) Parm.

Mucronella aggregata Fr.

Mucronella bresadolae (Quel.) Corner

Mucronella calva (Alb. & Schw.:Fr.)Fr.

Mycoacia aurea (Fr.) Eriksson & Ryv.

Mycoacia uda (Fr.) Donk

Myxarium atratum (Peck) Ginns & Lefebvre

Odonticium romellii (Lundell) Parm.

Pellidiscus pallidus (Berk. & Br.) Donk

Peniophora aurantiaca (Bres.) Hohnel & Litsch.

Peniophora cinerea (Pers.:Fr.) Cooke

Peniophora decorticans Burt

Peniophora incarnata (Pers.:Fr.) Karsten

Peniophora piceae (Pers.) Eriksson

Peniophora pithya (Pers.) Eriksson

Peniophora polygonia (Pers.:Fr.) Bourd. & Galzin

Peniophora pseudopini Weresub & S. Gibson

Peniophora rufa (Fr.) Boidin

Peniophora septentrionalis Laurila

Peniophora unica Jackson & Dearden

Phanerochaete affinis (Burt) Parm.

Phanerochaete carnosa (Burt) Parm.

Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall

Phanerochaete sanguinea (Fr.) Pouzar

Phanerochaete sordida (Karsten) Eriksson & Ryv.

Phanerochaete tuberculata (Karsten) Parm.

Phanerochaete velutina (DC.:Fr.) Karsten

Phlebia albida Post

Phlebia centrifuga Karsten

Phlebia coccineofulva Schw.

Phlebia cretacea (Bourd. & Galzin) Eriksson & Hjort.

Phlebia deflectens (Karsten) Ryv.

Phlebia livida (Pers.:Fr.) Bres.

Phlebia radiata FrPhlebia rufa (Pers.:Fr.) M. Christiansen

Phlebia segregata (Bourd. & Galzin) Parm.

Phlebia separata (Jackson & Dearden) Parm.

Phlebia serialis (Fr.) Donk

Phlebia subserialis (Bourd. & Galzin) Donk

24

Phlebia tremellosus (Schrader:Fr.) Nakasone & Burdsall

Phlebiella filicina (Bourd.) Larsson & Hjort.

Phlebiella inopinata (Jackson) Larsson & Hjort.

Phlebiella pseudotsugae (Burt) Larsson & Hjort.

Phlebiella ralla (Jackson) Larsson & Hjort.

Phlebiella sulphurea (Pers.:Fr.) Ginns & Lefebvre

Phlebiella tulasnelloideum (Hohnel & Litsch.) Ginns & Lefebvre

Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Julich

Phlebiopsis ravenelii (Cooke) Hjort.

Piloderma byssinum var. byssinum (Karsten) Julich

Piloderma fallax (Libert) Stalpers

Piloderma olivaceum (Parm.) Hjort.

Pirex concentricus (Cooke & Ellis) Hjort. & Ryv.

Platygloea fimetaria (Schum.) Hohnel

Platygloea peniophorae var. peniophorae Bourd. & Galzin

Platygloea pustulata G.W. Martin & Cain

Platygloea sebacea (Berk. & Br.) McNabb

Platygloea vestita Bourd. & Galzin

Plicatura crispa (Pers.:Fr.) Rea

Plicatura nivea (Fr.) Karsten

Protodontia oligacantha G.W. Martin

Pseudohydnum gelatinosum (Scop.:Fr.) Karsten

Pseudomerulius aureus (Fr.) Julich

Pseudotomentella atrofusca Larsen

Pseudotomentella humicola Larsen

Pseudotomentella mucidula (Karsten) Svrcek

Pseudotomentella nigra (Hohnel & Litsch.) Svrcek

Pseudotomentella tristis (Karsten) Larsen

Pseudotomentella vepallidospora Larsen

Punctularia strigoso-zonata (Schw.) Talbot

Radulodon americanus Ryv.

Radulomyces cremoricolour (Berk. & Curtis) Ginns & Lefebvre

Radulomyces notabilis (Jackson) Parm.

Ramaricium albo-ochraceum (Bres.) Julich

Ramaricium flavomarginatum (Burt) Ginns

Repetobasidium canadense Eriksson & Hjort.

Repetobasidium conicum (Oberw.) Eriksson & Hjort.

Repetobasidium macrosporum (Oberw.) Eriksson & Hjort.

Repetobasidium mirificum Eriksson

Resinicium bicolor (Alb. & Schw.:Fr.) Parm.

Resinicium furfuraceum (Bres.) Parm.

Resinicium praeteritum (Jackson & Dearden) Ginns & Lefebvre

Schizophyllum commune Fr.:Fr.

Scopuloides rimosa (Cooke) Julich

Scytinostroma arachnoideum (Peck) Gilbn.

Scytinostroma galactinum (Fr.) Donk

Scytinostroma jacksonii Boidin

Scytinostroma ochroleucum (Bres. & Torrend) Donk

Scytinostroma portentosum (Berk. & Curtis) Donk

25

Scytinostromella heterogenea (Bourd. & Galzin) Parm.

Scytinostromella humifaciens (Burt) Freeman & Petersen

Serpula himantioides (Fr.:Fr.) Karsten

Serpula incrassata (Berk. & Curtis) Donk

Serpula lacrimans var. lacrimans (Jacq.:Fr.) Schroter

Sistotrema adnatum Hallenb.

Sistotrema athelioides Hallenb.

Sistotrema binucleosporum Hallenb.

Sistotrema brinkmannii (Bres.) Eriksson

Sistotrema farinaceum Hallenb.

Sistotrema oblongisporum M. Christiansen & Hauerslev

Sistotrema porulosum Hallenb.

Sistotrema raduloides (Karsten) Donk

Sistotrema resinicystidium Hallenb.

Sistotremastrum niveocremeum (Hohnel & Litsch.) Eriksson

Sparassis crispa Wulfen:Fr.

Steccherinum ciliolatum (Berk. & Curtis) Gilbn. & Budington

Steccherinum fimbriatum (Pers.:Fr.) Eriksson

Steccherinum ochraceum (Pers.:Fr.) S.F. Gray

Stereopsis humphreyi (Burt) Redhead & D. Reid

Stereum atrorubrum Ellis & Ev.

Stereum complicatum (Fr.) Fr.

Stereum gausapatum (Fr.) Fr.

Stereum hirsutum (Willd.:Fr.) S.F. Gray

Stereum ochraceoflavum (Schw.) Peck

Stereum ostrea (Blume & Nees:Fr.) Fr.

Stereum rugosum Pers.:Fr.

Stereum sanguinolentum (Alb. & Schw.:Fr.) Fr.

Stigmatolemma poriaeforme (Pers.:Fr.) Singer

Stromatocyphella conglobata (Burt) W.B. Cooke

Subulicystidium longisporum (Pat.) Parm.

Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk

Thujacorticium mirabile Ginns

Tomentella avellanea (Burt) Bourd. & Galzin

Tomentella bryophila (Pers.) Larsen

Tomentella caerulea (Bres.) Hohnel & Litsch.

Tomentella calcicola (Bourd. & Galzin) Larsen

Tomentella chlorina (Massee) G.H. Cunn.

Tomentella cinerascens (Karsten) Hohnel & Litsch.

Tomentella ellisii (Sacc.) Julich & Stalpers

Tomentella ferruginea (Pers.) Pat.

Tomentella kootenaiensis Larsen

Tomentella neobourdotii Larsen

Tomentella nitellina Bourd. & Galzin

Tomentella ramosissima (Berk. & Curtis) Wakef.

Tomentella sublilacina (Ellis & Holway) Wakef.

Tomentella terrestris (Berk. & Br.) Larsen

Tomentellina fibrosa (Berk. & Curtis) Larsen

Trechispora microspora (Karsten) Liberta

26

Trechispora mollusca (Pers.:Fr.) Liberta

Tremella aurantia Schw.:Fr.

Tremella encephala Pers.:Fr.

Tremella foliacea Pers.:Fr.

Tremella globospora D. Reid

Tremella mesenterica Retz.:Fr.

Tremella polyporina D. Reid

Tremiscus helvelloides (DC.:Fr.) Donk

Tubulicium vermiferum (Bourd.) Julich

Tubulicrinis accedens (Bourd. & Galzin) Donk

Tubulicrinis angustus (D.P. Rogers & Weresub) Donk

Tubulicrinis borealis Eriksson

Tubulicrinis calothrix (Pat.) Donk

Tubulicrinis chaetophorus (Hohnel) Donk

Tubulicrinis globisporus Larsson & Hjort.

Tubulicrinis gracillimus (D.P. Rogers & Jackson) G.H. Cunn.

Tubulicrinis juniperinus (Bourd. & Galzin) Donk

Tubulicrinis subulatus (Bourd. & Galzin) Donk

Tulasnella violea (Quel.) Bourd. & Galzin

Uthatobasidium fusisporum (Schroter) Donk

Uthatobasidium ochraceum (Massee) Donk

Vararia racemosa (Burt) D.P. Rogers & Jackson

Veluticeps abietina (Pers.:Fr.) Hjort. & Tellerıa

Veluticeps fimbriata (Ellis & Ev.) Nakasone

Vesiculomyces citrinum (Pers.) Hagstrom

Xenasma rimicola (Karsten) Donk

27

APPENDIX 3 Revised and annotated list of agarics, boletes, and cantharelloidgenera reported from British Columbia up to 1993.

Agaricus No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian speciesis available. Additional species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Agaricus abruptibulbusas Psalliota abruptibulba

Davidson

Agaricus arvensisHardy

Lowe

Bandoni & Szczawinski

Ammirati et al.

Agaricus augustusSmith


Lowe


Lincoff

Schalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Agaricus bisporusLowe

Kerrigan & Ross

Kerrigan

also as Agaricus brunnescensSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Agaricus campestrisHardy



also as Psalliota campestrisHardy

Agaricus haemorrhoidariusHotson & Stuntz

Lowe

also as Psalliota haemorrhodariaDavidson

Agaricus hondensisSmith

28

Smith


Smith et al.

Lincoff

Ammirati et al.

Cochran

Schalkwijk-Barendsen aalso as Agaricus hillii

Murrill cHotson & Stuntz

Lowe

Agaricus praeclaresquamosusThis species, per se, has not been reported from British Columbia butmost western North American reports of A. meleagris and A. placomycesrefer to this species. The following references to these species probablyrefer to A. praeclaresquamosus

as Agaricus meleagrisAmmirati et al.

as Agaricus placomycesHardy


Melburn

Lowe


as Psalliota placomycesDavidson

Hardy

Agaricus silvaticusMelburn

Lowe


also as Psalliota silvaticaLowe

Agaricus silvicolaMelburn aBandoni & Szczawinski

Melburn

Lowe


Ammirati et al.


also as Psalliota silvicolaHardy aHardy

29

Agaricus smithiiThis species, per se, has not been reported from British Columbia, butwestern authors had previously been using the name Agaricus perrarus forthe species. The following reports possibly refer to A. smithii

as Agaricus perrarusLowe


Agaricus subrufescensLowe

also as Psalliota subrufescensDavidson

Agaricus xanthodermusLowe

Agrocybe No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Additional species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Agrocybe acericolaas Pholiota acericola

Lowe

Agrocybe arvalisRedhead & Kroeger

Agrocybe molestaas Agrocybe dura


Agrocybe praecoxBandoni & Szczawinski


Agrocybe semiorbicularisas Naucoria semiorbicularis

Davidson

Lowe

Amanita No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Additional species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Amanita calyptrataMcKnight & McKnight

also as Amanita calyptroderma

30


Lowe


Amanita gemmataBandoni & Szczawinski

Jenkins

Bandoni & McLennan

Ammirati et al.

also as Amanita junquilleaBandoni & Szczawinski

Amanita muscariaDavidson

Hardy

Hardy aHardy bLowe


Melburn

Lowe


Ammirati et al.

Redhead bGoward & Hickson

also as Amanita muscaria var. muscariaJenkins

Amanita pantherinaGroves


Lowe


Bandoni

Hunt & Funk

Bandoni & McLennan

Ammirati et al.


also as Amanita pantherina var. pantherinaJenkins

Amanita porphyriaBandoni & Szczawinski


Goward & Hickson

Gamiet & Berch

31

Amanita silvicolaBandoni & Szczawinski

Bas


Amanita smithianaLampe

Tulloss & Lindgren

Amanita solitariaLowe

Amanita strobiliformisLowe

Amanita vernaBandoni & Szczawinski

Bandoni & McLennan

Turner & Szczawinski

Amanita vaginataas Amanitopsis vaginata

Hardy

Melburn

Lowe

Anellaria This is a segregate of Panaeolus. A. semiovata has been confirmed fromBritish Columbia but A. sepulchralis requires rediscovery.

Anellaria sepulchralisas Panaeolus solidipes

Davidson

Anellaria semiovataas Anellaria separata

Cheesman

Armillaria The genus Armillaria has been interpreted in many ways, but is hererestricted to species allied to A. mellea, formerly called Armillariella spe-cies, and does not cover species such as the pine mushroom, Tricholomamagnivelare (also known as Armillaria ponderosa ). The name Armillariamellea was until this decade applied in a generic fashion and most earlyreports cannot be attributed to any of the recently split species in thecomplex. These have been either named or assigned intersterility numbers(Roman numerals or other designations); for example, A. mellea ().Armillaria mellea sensu stricto has not been recorded from BritishColumbia.

32

Armillaria bulbosaMorrison et al. aMorrison et al. b

Armillaria mellea sensu lato (see A. mellea segregates below)Davidson

Jones

Bier et al.

Buckland

Hardy

Bier et al.

Nobles

Bier

Buckland et al.

Hardy bFoster & Foster

Hardy aHardy bThomas & Podmore

Foster et al.

Hardy

Thomas & Thomas

Melburn

Foster et al.


Lowe

Pilley & Trieselmann

Smith, R.B. et al.

Lawrence & Hiratsuka dBandoni & Szczawinski

Turner

Martin & Gilbertson

Schalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen bGamiet & Berch

also as Armillariella melleaBandoni & McLennan

Ammirati et al.

Goward & Hickson

Armillaria mellea ()Morrison et al. b

Armillaria mellea ()Anderson & Ullrich


33

Armillaria mellea ()Morrison et al. bAnderson et al.


Morrison et al. bAnderson

Anderson et al.

Armillaria mellea ()Morrison et al. bAnderson et al.

Armillaria ostoyaeHood & Morrison

Morrison et al.

Morrison et al. bBerube & Dessureault

Morrison et al.

Morrison et al.

Wood & Van Sickle

Morrison

originally as Armillaria mellea fideMorrison

Morrison

Morrison

Armillaria sinapinaBerube & Dessureault

Arrhenia A Canadian monograph exists, but additional species are to be expectedin British Columbia.

Arrhenia acerosaRedhead a

Arrhenia retirugaRedhead a

Baeospora This is a small genus with one other species, B. myriadophylla, knownfrom British Columbia.

Baeospora myosuraRedhead

Rogers

34

Boletellus No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Additional species may exist in British Columbia.

Boletellus chrysenteroidesSchisler & Volkoff

Boletinus A single species is known from Canada.

Boletinus cavipesBandoni & Szczawinski

also as Suillus cavipesSchisler & Volkoff

Boletus No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Additional species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Boletus barrowsiiKroeger b

Boletus chrysenteronHardy bHardy aLowe

Schisler & Volkoff

Boletus edulisBandoni & Szczawinski

Lowe


Schisler & Volkoff

Kroeger b

Boletus mirabilisBandoni & Szczawinski


Schisler & Volkoff

Redhead

Rogers

also as Boletellus mirabilisLowe

Boletus piperatusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Boletus pulcherrimusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

35

Boletus subtomentosusas Xerocomus subtomentosus

Lowe

Boletus zelleriBandoni & Szczawinski

Melburn aMelburn bMelburn

Melburn


Bandoni

Schisler & Volkoff

Bandoni & McLennan


also as Boletellus zelleriSnell et al.

Lowe

Callistosporium A small genus with only one or two species in Canada.

Callistosporium luteo-olivaceumRedhead e

Camarophyllus A North American monograph by Hesler and Smith () is available.However, no complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbianspecies is available. Additional species exist in British Columbia andremain to be reported.

Camarophyllus borealisas Hygrophorus borealis

Melburn

Camarophyllus pratensisas Hygrophorus pratensis

Hardy

Cantharellula A single species occcurs in Canada.

Cantharellula umbonataRedhead & Malloch bRedhead b

Cantharellus A relatively small genus but no critical treatment of Canadian speciesexists. Debate exists over species concepts.

Cantharellus cibariusCheesman

Hardy

36


Lowe


Turner

Bandoni & McLennan

Leichter & Bandoni

Goward & Hickson

Kroeger bKroeger bSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Cantharellus cinereusMelburn

Cantharellus cinnabarinusLowe

Cantharellus formosusCorner

Thiers

Cantharellus infundibuliformisLowe

Cantharellus subalbidusBandoni & Szczawinski

Lowe


Cantharellus tubaeformisLowe

Cheimonophyllum A single species occurs in Canada.

Cheimonophyllum candidissimumas Pleurotus candidissimus

Davidson

Lowe

Chroogomphus This is a segregate of Gomphidius. A North American monograph byMiller () treats most Canadian species but contains few references toCanadian material.

Chroogomphus leptocystisMiller

also as Gomphidius leptocystisSinger

Lowe

37

Chroogomphus rutilusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

also as Gomphidius rutilusBandoni & Szczawinski

Chroogomphus tomentosusRedhead

also as Gomphidius tomentosusBandoni & Szczawinski


Gamiet & Berch

Chroogomphus vinicolorSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

also as Gomphidius vinicolorSinger

Lowe

Chrysomphalina A segregate of Omphalina only recently recognized. Two out of threeNorth American species are known in British Columbia, and a third is tobe expected. Species have been treated in the North American Omphalinamonograph by Bigelow ().

Chrysomphalina aurantiacaRedhead bRedhead

also as Omphalina luteicolorBigelow

Chrysomphalina chrysophyllaRedhead bSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Clitocybe No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Additional species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Clitocybe avellaneialbaBandoni & Szczawinski

Clitocybe candidaDavidson

Lowe

Clitocybe dealbataBandoni & Szczawinski

38


Clitocybe dilatataBigelow

Bigelow

Ammirati et al.

also as Clitocybe cerussata var. difformisBigelow

Lowe

Clitocybe gibbaBigelow

Lowe

also as Clitocybe gibba var. gibbaLowe

Bigelow

also as Clitocybe infundibuliformisHardy

Hardy

Hardy

Lowe

Clitocybe gilvaoidesLowe

Clitocybe incomisRedhead c

Clitocybe nebularisDavidson

Hardy

Hardy

Bigelow

Lowe

Bigelow

McKnight & McKnight

Clitocybe odoraMelburn


Lowe


Schalkwijk-Barendsen a

Clitocybe sinopicaSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

as Clitocybe sinopica var. sinopicaBigelow

39

Clitocybe trullaeformisBigelow

Clitocybe truncicolaLowe

Clitocybula A North American monograph exists (Bigelow & Smith ), but nowestern Canadian records were included. Additional species are to beexpected.

Clitocybula atrialbaas Clitocybe atrialba

Lowe


Clitopilus No North American monograph exists and no complete treatment ofeither Canadian or British Columbian species is available. Additional spe-cies exist in British Columbia and remain to be reported.

Clitopilus hobsoniiKroeger b

Collybia No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Additional species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Collybia acervataMelburn


Lowe


Martin & Gilbertson

Collybia bakerensisDesjardin & Halling

Redhead

Collybia confluensLowe


Collybia contrariaHalling

Collybia dryophilaDavidson

Hardy

Lowe

40

Lowe

Perrin & Koske


Ammirati et al.

Ginns

Collybia oregonensisGamiet & Berch

Conocybe No North American monograph exists and no complete treatment ofeither Canadian or British Columbian species is available. Many other spe-cies exist in British Columbia and remain to be reported.

Conocybe cyanopusStamets

Conocybe filarisAmmirati et al.

Conocybe teneraLowe

also as Galera teneraDavidson

Melburn

Coprinus No North American monograph exists and no complete treatment ofeither Canadian or British Columbian species is available. Many other spe-cies exist in British Columbia and remain to be reported. Records of sev-eral species require confirmation.

Coprinus atramentariusCheesman

Hardy

Melburn

Melburn


McClaren


Bandoni

Bandoni & McLennan

Ammirati et al.

Coprinus congregatusas Coprinus alkalinus

Anastasiou

Lowe

Coprinus cinereus var. cinereusVan De Bogart

41

Coprinus comatusDavidson

Hardy

Hardy aHardy bMelburn


Lowe


Bandoni & McLennan

Turner

Morrison & Morrison

Goward & Hickson

Coprinus ephemerusCheesman

Coprinus kubickaeRedhead & Traquair

also as Coprinus amphibiusAnastasiou

Lowe

Coprinus lagopusHanna

Coprinus micaceusDavidson

Hardy

Hardy

Lowe

Melburn

Lowe

Perrin & Koske

Turner


Coprinus phaeosporusRedhead b

Coprinus psychromorbidusRedhead & Traquair

Traquair

Traquair

Gaudet et al.

Cortinarius This is the largest genus of agarics in the world and it is a particularlyimportant mycorrhizal in Canada. However, no recent North American

42

monograph exists and no complete treatment of either Canadian or Brit-ish Columbian species is available. Most of the British Columbian speciesremain to be reported. Records of most of the few species reportedrequire confirmation.The genus Dermocybe is included here forconvenience.

Cortinarius alboviolaceusDavidson

Lowe

Cortinarius brunneofulvusLowe

Cortinarius calochrousSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Cortinarius cinnabarinusBandoni & Szczawinski

Cortinarius cinnamomeusBandoni & Szczawinski

Melburn

Lowe

Perrin & Koske


Cortinarius iliopodiusLowe

Cortinarius iodeoidesSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Cortinarius mucifluusMelburn

Cortinarius mucosusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Cortinarius mutabilisLowe

Cortinarius oregonensisLowe

Cortinarius phoeniceus ssp. occidentalisBandoni & Szczawinski

43

Cortinarius plumigerLowe

Cortinarius rigidusDavidson

Lowe

Cortinarius sanguineusBandoni & Szczawinski


Cortinarius semisanguineusBandoni & Szczawinski

Melburn

Melburn


Bandoni


Cortinarius squarrosusDavidson

Lowe

Cortinarius subbalteatusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Cortinarius trivialisSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Cortinarius vanduzerensisSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Cortinarius violaceusBandoni & Szczawinski

Perrin & Koske



Craterellus This is a segregate of Cantharellus. Debate exists over species concepts.Possibly more than one species exists in British Columbia.

Craterellus cornucopioidesMelburn

44

Crepidotus A North American monograph exists, but it contains few references toCanada. No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbianspecies is available. Additional species exist in British Columbia andremain to be reported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Crepidotus applanatusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Crepidotus herbarumBuckland

Melburn

Lowe

Redhead c

Crepidotus mollisDavidson

Lowe

also as Crepidotus fulvotomentosusLowe

also as Crepidotus haerensLowe

Crepidotus occidentalisGamiet & Berch

Crepidotus submollisLowe

Crepidotus versutusDavidson

Lowe

Crinipellis A Canadian monograph exists (Redhead a). Only a single species isknown with certainty in western Canada.

Crinipellis piceaeRedhead aRedhead

Cyphellostereum A small genus with a single Canadian species.

Cyphellostereum laeveRedhead

Redhead aRedhead

Cystoderma A North American monograph exists (Smith & Singer ), with addi-tional species reported. No complete treatment of either Canadian or

45

British Columbian species is available. Additional species exist in BritishColumbia and remain to be reported. Records of several species requireconfirmation.

Cystoderma amianthinumHardy

Hardy

Lowe


Cystoderma fallaxLowe

Cystoderma granulosumBandoni & Szczawinski

Entoloma Entoloma is a large and complex genus for which there is no NorthAmerican monograph. No complete treatment of either Canadian or Brit-ish Columbian species is available. Additional species exist in BritishColumbia and remain to be reported. Records of several species requireconfirmation.

Entoloma rhodopoliumPerrin & Koske

Entoloma sericeumDavidson

Lowe


Entoloma speculumDavidson

Lowe

Entoloma strictusHardy

Lowe

Flammulina This is a small genus until recently believed to have a single species inNorth America. However, additional species exist in Canada and BritishColumbia.

Flammulina velutipesBandoni

Kroeger

also as Collybia velutipesHardy


46

Lowe


Floccularia Species in this genus are sometimes treated under the generic name Arm-illaria. One or more additional western species may occur in BritishColumbia.

Floccularia albolanaripesSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

also as Armillaria albolanaripesKroeger b

Fuscoboletinus This is a segregate of Suillus. A North American monograph exists(Pomerleau & Smith ), but contains limited reference to westernCanadian materials.

Fuscoboletinus grevilleialso as Suillus grevillei

Lowe

Schisler & Volkoff

also as Boletus grevilleiBandoni & Szczawinski

Fuscoboletinus ochraceoroseusSchisler & Volkoff


Fuscoboletinus sinuspaulianusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Galerina This is a large genus monographed worldwide by Smith & Singer ().However, a detailed treatment of Canadian materials is lacking and mostspecies remain to be documented from British Columbia.

Galerina autumnalisBandoni & Szczawinski

Bandoni & McLennan


Galerina marginataLowe

Kroeger b

Galerina vittaeformis var. vittaeformis f. tetrasporaParmelee

47

Gomphidius A North American monograph exists (Miller ), but virtually no west-ern Canadian material was cited. The genus is well represented in BritishColumbia, although documentation is lacking and species circumscriptionsrequire clarification.

Gomphidius glutinosusHardy

Hardy aHardy

Lowe

Melburn

Melburn

Melburn


Melburn aMelburn

Lowe


Bandoni

Rogers


Gomphidius maculatusDavidson

Lowe

Gomphidius subroseusSinger

Melburn aMelburn

Lowe


Goward & Hickson

also as Gomphidius septentrionalisLowe

Gomphus A North American monograph exists (Petersen ) and the species arefairly well known.

Gomphus bonarii f. bonariiPetersen

Gomphus clavatusPetersen

also as Cantharellus clavatusBandoni & Szczawinski

Lowe


48

Gomphus floccosusPetersen

Rogers

also as Cantharellus floccosusMelburn


Lowe


Gomphus floccosus f. floccosusPetersen

Gomphus floccosus ssp. rainieriensisPetersen

Gomphus kauffmaniiPetersen

also as Cantharellus kauffmaniiLowe

Gymnopilus This is a fairly important wood decay genus with relatively few species,but they have been poorly differentiated and need to be reworked. Nocomplete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Additional species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Gymnopilus bellulusGamiet & Berch

Gymnopilus echinulisporaas Flammula echinulisporus

Davidson

Lowe

Gymnopilus geminellusas Naucoria geminella

Lowe

Gymnopilus junoniusMelburn

also as Pholiota spectabilisHardy

Hardy

Hardy bHardy aThomas & Podmore

Hardy

Melburn

Lowe

49

Gymnopilus liquiritaeas Flammula liquiritiae

Buckland

Lowe

Gymnopilus magnusHesler

Gymnopilus pallidusMurrill bMurrill

Lowe

Gymnopilus penetransSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Gyroporus A small genus with one western Canadian species known.

Gyroporus castaneusLowe

Hebeloma A moderately large important mycorrhizal genus, but very poorly known.Species are difficult to differentiate and no North American monographexists. No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbianspecies is available. Additional species exist in British Columbia andremain to be reported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Hebeloma albidulumDavidson

Hebeloma colviniDavidson

Hebeloma crustuliniformeBandoni & Szczawinski

Hebeloma sordidulumLowe

Hebeloma strophosumSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Heliocybe A monotypic segregate of Lentinus related to Neolentinus.

Heliocybe sulcataSchalkwijk-Barendsen a

50

Hemimycena A relatively small segregate genus of Mycena, which is perhaps polyphy-letic. Although the genus was treated in the North American monographof Mycena by Smith (), no western Canadian material was included.No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Additional species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Hemimycena albicolor c.n.as Helotium albicolor

Redhead a

Hemimycena albidulaas Omphalia albidula

Lowe

Hemimycena cyphelloidesas Helotium cyphelloides

Redhead a

Hemimycena delectabilisGamiet & Berch

Hemimycena hirsutaas Helotium hirsutum

Redhead a

Hemimycena leucophaea c.n.as Helotium leucophaeum

Redhead a

Hemimycena nebulophila c.n.as Helotium nebulophilum

Redhead a

Hemimycena substellata c.n.as Helotium substellatum

Redhead a

Hemimycena tortuosaRedhead aRedhead

Hohenbuehelia A relatively small and distinctive genus only recently critically examined inNorth America (Thorn), largely based upon eastern Canadian material.No critical study of western species exists and additional species areexpected to be found.

Hohenbuehelia angustataas Panus angustatus

Davidson

Lowe

51

Hohenbuehelia petaloidesThorn & Barron

also as Pleurotus petaloidesFoster & Foster

Lowe

also as Pleurotus spathulatusLowe

Hygrocybe A segregate of Hygrophorus treated with that genus in a North Americanmonograph by Hesler & Smith (). However, little western Canadianmaterial was studied. No complete treatment of either Canadian orBritish Columbian species is available. Additional species exist in BritishColumbia and remain to be reported. Records of several species requireconfirmation.

Hygrocybe ceraceusas Hygrophorus ceraceus

Davidson

Lowe

Hygrocybe conicaGoward & Hickson

also as Hydrocybe conicaMurrill a

also as Hygrophorus conicusHardy

Lowe

Melburn aBandoni & Szczawinski

Melburn aMelburn

Lowe

Melburn


Hygrocybe laetaGamiet & Berch

Hygrocybe miniataSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

also as Hygrophorus miniatusDavidson

Hardy aLowe

Melburn


Hygrocybe minutulaas Hygrophorus minutulus

Lowe

52

Hygrocybe psittacinaas Hygrophorus psittacinus

Davidson

Smith & Hesler

Lowe

as Hygrophorus psittacinus var. psittacinusHesler & Smith

Hygrophoropsis A small genus with either one variable North American species or severalpoorly differentiated species.

Hygrophoropsis aurantiacaBigelow

Watling & Gregory

also as Cantharellus aurantiacusCheesman

Davidson

Hardy

Hardy

Hardy bHardy aHardy

also as Chanterel alectorolophoidesMurrill a

also as Clitocybe aurantiacaBandoni & Szczawinski

Lowe

Perrin & Koske


Hygrophorus This is here accepted in a more restricted sense than in the NorthAmerican monograph by Hesler & Smith (). Relatively little westernCanadian material was studied in that monograph. No complete treatmentof either Canadian or British Columbian species is available. Additionalspecies exist in British Columbia and remain to be reported. Records ofseveral species require confirmation.

Hygrophorus aureusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Hygrophorus camarophyllusHesler & Smith

Hygrophorus capreolariusLowe

Hygrophorus eburneusDavidson

Hesler & Smith

53


Lowe


Goward & Hickson

Gamiet & Berch

Hygrophorus hypothejusBandoni & Szczawinski

Hygrophorus piceaeSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Hygrophorus saxatilisSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Hypholoma A relatively small genus, moderately well known but several species remainto be documented in British Columbia and elsewhere in Canada.

Hypholoma capnoidesDavidson

Buckland

Gamiet & Berch

also as Naematoloma capnoidesSmith


Lowe


Bandoni

Martin & Gilbertson

Hypholoma dispersumRedhead

also as Naematoloma dispersumLowe


Hypholoma epixanthumDavidson

also as Naematoloma epixanthumLowe

Hypholoma fasciculareDavidson

Buckland

Hardy

Hardy

Hardy bHardy a

54

Hardy

Lowe

also as Naematoloma fasciculareSmith


Lowe

Perrin & Koske


Bandoni

Bandoni & McLennan

Ammirati et al.

Hypholoma sublateritiumDavidson

Hardy

also as Naematoloma sublateritiumLowe

Hypholoma tuberosaRedhead & Kroeger

Hypsizygus A genus segregated from Pleurotus but more closely allied to Lyophyllum.Two species are known from Canada, with one from the west.

Hypsizygus tessullatusas Hypsizygus marmoreus

Redhead dalso as Pleurotus ulmarius as misapplied by both

Thomas & Podmore

Lowe

Inocybe A large genus of important mycorrhizal species in Canada. However, norecent North American monograph exists and no complete treatment ofeither Canadian or British Columbian species is available. Most of theBritish Columbian species remain to be reported. Records of most of thefew species reported require confirmation.

Inocybe calamistrataGamiet & Berch

Inocybe fuscodiscaGamiet & Berch

Inocybe geophyllaBandoni & Szczawinski

Melburn aLowe

Melburn

Perrin & Koske


55

Ammirati et al.


Inocybe godeyiLowe

Inocybe lanuginosaBandoni & Szczawinski

Inocybe napipesPerrin & Koske

Ammirati et al.

Inocybe radiataGamiet & Berch

Inocybe rimosaas Inocybe fastigiata

Melburn


Inocybe subdestrictaAmmirati et al.

Inocybe whiteias Inocybe pudica

Bandoni

Kuehneromyces A relatively small segregate genus differentiated from Pholiota andPsilocybe. Species have been treated the monograph of Pholiota (Smith &Hesler ). No complete treatment of either Canadian or BritishColumbian species is available and additional species are known.

Kuehneromyces lignicolaRedhead c

also as Kuehneromyces vernalisLowe

also as Gymnopilus hilliiMurrill bLowe

also as Naucoria lignicolaDavidson

Lowe

Kuehneromyces mutabilisLowe

also as Pholiota mutabilisThomas & Podmore

Smith & Hesler

56

Laccaria This genus was just treated in a North American monograph (Mueller), but critical collecting in British Columbia has not been carried out.Additional species are to be expected.

Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalisMueller

Mueller

Laccaria amethystinaLowe

Perrin & Koske

also as Clitocybe laccata var. amethystinaDavidson

also as Laccaria laccata var. amethystinaHardy

Lowe

Melburn aMelburn

Laccaria bicolorMueller

Laccaria laccataMurrill aHardy

Lowe


Melburn

Lowe


Bandoni

Goward & Hickson


Laccaria laccata var. pallidifoliaMueller

Laccaria montanaMueller

Laccaria proximaMueller

Lacrymaria A relatively small genus segregated from Psathyrella. The species have notbeen critically studied from British Columbia. In North America theywere treated as Psathyrellas by Smith ().

57

Lacrymaria lacrymabundaas Hypholoma velutinum

Davidson

also as Psathyrella velutinaLowe

Lacrymaria rigidipesWatling

also as Psathyrella rigidipesSmith

Lactarius A North American monograph by Hesler & Smith () treats virtuallyall species expected in British Columbia, although some northern taxamay not be included. However, only a single specimen from BritishColumbia was cited. No other complete treatment of either Canadian orBritish Columbian species is available. This is a large and showy genus, inwhich many additional species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Lactarius aurantiacusBandoni & Szczawinski


Bandoni

Lactarius camphoratusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Lactarius chrysorrheusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Lactarius circellatusLowe

Lactarius deliciosusMelburn


Melburn

Lowe

Melburn


Goward & Hickson


also as Lactaria deliciosaLowe

58

Lactarius glyciosmusGoward & Hickson

Lactarius kauffmanii var. kauffmaniiHesler & Smith

Lactarius luculentusGamiet & Berch

Lactarius piperatusHardy a

Lactarius representaneusBandoni & Szczawinski

Lactarius resimusGoward & Hickson


Lactarius rufusBandoni & Szczawinski

Perrin & Koske


Goward & Hickson


Lactarius sanguifluusBandoni & Szczawinski


Lactarius scrobiculatusMcKnight & McKnight


Lactarius torminosusBandoni & Szczawinski


Lactarius trivialisLowe

Lactarius volemusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

59

Leccinum A moderately sized genus with some poorly differentiated species. Prelimi-nary monographic treatments for North America are incomplete. Nocomplete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Additional species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Leccinum aurantiacumLowe

Schisler & Volkoff

Goward & Hickson

also as Boletus aurantiacusBandoni & Szczawinski

Leccinum borealeSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Leccinum holopus var. americanumSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Leccinum scabrumLowe

Schisler & Volkoff

also as Boletus scaberBandoni & Szczawinski


Lentinellus A small genus monographed in North America by Miller (). No com-plete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species is avail-able. Additional species may exist in British Columbia. Records of severalspecies require confirmation.

Lentinellus cochleatusas Lentinus cochleatus

Lowe

Lentinellus flabelliformisas Lentinus bisus

Lowe

Lentinellus michenerias Lentinellus omphalodes

Miller & Stewart

Lentinellus ursinusas Lentinus ursinus

Davidson

Lowe

60

Lentinellus vulpinusas Lentinus vulpinus

Lowe

Lepiota A moderately large genus for which there is no North American treat-ment. No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbianspecies is available. Additional species exist in British Columbia andremain to be reported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Lepiota acutesquamosaSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

probably as Lepiota friesiiDavidson

Lowe

Lepiota albaSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Lepiota cristataHardy

Hardy

Hardy aHardy

Lowe

Melburn

Melburn

Melburn

Melburn

Melburn

Lowe

Lepiota helveolaSchalkwijk-Barendsen a

Lepiota rubrotinctaDavidson

Lowe

Lepiota subincarnataLampe

Lepista A moderately large segregate genus differentiated from Clitocybe. No com-plete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species is avail-able, but all species ae described in the North American monograph ofClitocybe by Bigelow (, ). Additional species exist in BritishColumbia and remain to be reported. Records of several species requireconfirmation.

61

Lepista caespitosaas Tricholoma panaeolum var. caespitosum

Davidson

Lepista inversaas Clitocybe inversa

Davidson

Bigelow & Smith

Lowe

Lepista nudaLowe

also as Tricholoma nudumDavidson

Bandoni

Lepista personataLowe

also as Tricholoma personatumHardy

Hardy

Melburn

Melburn



Lepista sordidaLowe

also as Tricholoma sordidumDavidson

Leptonia Many western species are treated by Largent () and a new monographis expected, but virtually no British Columbian material is included. Nocomplete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Many more species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Leptonia lampropodaLowe

Leptonia serrulataLowe

Leucoagaricus A segregate genus from Lepiota. No complete treatment of either Cana-dian or British Columbian species is available. Additional species exist inBritish Columbia and remain to be reported.

Leucoagaricus naucinusas Lepiota naucina

Hardy

62


Lowe


Ammirati et al.

Leucocoprinus A segregate genus from Lepiota. No complete treatment of either Cana-dian or British Columbian species is available. Additional species exist inBritish Columbia and remain to be reported.

Leucocoprinus caespitosaas Lepista caespitosa

Lowe

Leucopaxillus An early monograph of all known Leucopaxillus species (Singer & Smith) covers most Canadian species, but does not give detailed informa-tion on distribution. No complete treatment of either Canadian or BritishColumbian species is available. Additional species exist in British Colum-bia and remain to be reported. Records of several species requireconfirmation.

Leucopaxillus albissimus var. paradoxus f. albiformisLowe

Leucopaxillus giganteusas Clitocybe gigantea

Hardy

Hardy aLowe

Melburn

Melburn



Leucopaxillus laterariusLowe

also as Tricholoma laterariumDavidson

Leucopaxillus piceinusas Clitocybe piceina

Hardy

Lyophyllum No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Many more species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Lyophyllum decastes s.l. as Clitocybe multiceps

Lowe

Lowe

63

Lyophyllum loricatumSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Lyophyllum tylicolorRedhead c

Macrolepiota A segregate genus from Lepiota. No complete treatment of either Cana-dian or British Columbian species is available. Additional species exist inBritish Columbia and remain to be reported.

Macrolepiota rachodesas Lepiota rachodes

Hardy

Hardy bMelburn


Lowe

Weresub


Marasmiellus A large mostly tropical genus with few temperate species. Additional spe-cies may exist in British Columbia and no complete treatment of eitherCanadian or British Columbian species is available; however, most Cana-dian species have been described in recent literature.

Marasmiellus candidusRedhead

as Marasmius candidusHardy

Hardy

Lowe

Melburn

Lowe

also as Marasmius magnisporusBandoni

Marasmiellus filopesRedhead dRedhead

also as Marasmius thujinusGilliam

Marasmiellus papillatusRedhead & Halling

Redhead

Marasmiellus pluviusRedhead c

64

Redhead

Gamiet & Berch

Marasmiellus vaillantiiRedhead

Marasmius A large genus well represented in both tropical and temperate regions.Additional species may exist in British Columbia and no complete treat-ment of either Canadian or British Columbian species is available; how-ever, most Canadian species have been described in recent literature.

Marasmius androsaceusRedhead cRedhead

Gamiet & Berch

Marasmius caricisRedhead

Marasmius epidryasRedhead et al.

Redhead

Marasmius epiphyllusMelburn

Redhead

Marasmius limosusRedhead

Marasmius oreadesHardy


Lowe


Leichter & Bandoni

Marasmius pallidocephalusRedhead cGinns

Redhead

Marasmius plicatulusRedhead

as Marasmius bellipesHardy

Hardy

Hardy

Melburn

65

Melburn

Melburn

Lowe

Marasmius salalisDesjardin & Redhead

Redhead

as Marasmius copelandiRedhead b

Marasmius scorodoniusBuckland

Lowe

Gilliam aGoward & Hickson

Marasmius tremulaeRedhead

Megacollybia A small genus segregated from Tricholomopsis but not closely allied to it.A single Canadian species is known.

Megacollybia platyphyllaSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

also as Collybia platyphyllaLowe

Melanotus A small, mostly tropical genus allied to Psilocybe. All known Canadianspecies have been treated in recent literature, but additional species maybe discovered.

Melanotus caricicolaRedhead bKroeger a

Melanotus textilisRedhead & Kroeger

Redhead

Kroeger a

Micromphale A small genus segregated from Marasmius and Collybia. Additional spe-cies, such as M. perforans, occur in British Columbia.

Micromphale foetidumas Marasmius foetidus

Lowe

Micromphale perforansGamiet & Berch

66

Mycena No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Many more species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation. The genus, in abroad sense, was monographed for North America by Smith (). Inrecent years, Maas Geesteranus has been revising the genus on a globalbasis. This is a large genus well represented in British Columbia.

Mycena aciculaDavidson

Lowe

Mycena adonisMelburn bMelburn

Mycena alcalinaCheesman

Davidson

Lowe

Goward & Hickson

Mycena alnicolaGamiet & Berch

Mycena amabilissimaGamiet & Berch

Mycena amictaSmith

Gamiet & Berch

probably as Mycena cyaneobasisDavidson

Lowe

Mycena atroalboidesSmith

Mycena aurantiomarginataGamiet & Berch

Mycena bulbosaRedhead

Mycena citrinomarginataSmith


Mycena clavicularisLowe

67

Mycena culmigenaRedhead

as Mycena juncicolaRedhead

Redhead b

Mycena elegantulaGamiet & Berch

Mycena epipterygiaGamiet & Berch

probably as Mycena clavicularis var. luteipesDavidson

Mycena fagetorumGamiet & Berch

Mycena flavoalbaMelburn

Lowe

Mycena galericulataDavidson

Hardy

Hardy

Hardy aHardy

Lowe

Melburn

Lowe

Mycena griseiconicaBuckland

Lowe

Gamiet & Berch

Mycena haematopusSmith

Hardy


Lowe


Gamiet & Berch

also as Mycena haematopaDavidson

Melburn

Melburn

also as Mycena haematopodaHardy

68

Mycena inclinataDavidson

Lowe

Mycena laevigataGamiet & Berch

Mycena leptocephalaDavidson

Lowe

Gamiet & Berch

also as Mycena ammoniacaDavidson

Lowe

Mycena lohwagiiRedhead eRedhead

Mycena longisetaGamiet & Berch

Mycena occidentalisSmith

Mycena osmundicolaSmith

Mycena parabolicaDavidson

Lowe

Mycena pterigenaRedhead eGamiet & Berch

Mycena puraDavidson

Smith

Hardy

Melburn

Lowe

Gamiet & Berch

Mycena roridaGamiet & Berch

Mycena rosellaDavidson

Lowe

69

Mycena rubromarginataSmith

Mycena rugulosicepsGamiet & Berch

Mycena sanguinolentaDavidson

Smith

Lowe

Mycena strobilinoidesSmith

Mycena stylobatesRedhead

Mycena subsanguinolentaGamiet & Berch

Mycena tubarioidesRedhead b

Mycena vulgarisSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Mythicomyces A monotypic genus recently segregated from Psilocybe.

Mythicomyces corneipesRedhead & Smith

Huhtinen & Vauras

Naucoria A moderately sized genus often treated as Alnicola. There is no modernNorth American treatment. No complete treatment of either Canadian orBritish Columbian species is available. Many more species exist in BritishColumbia and remain to be reported.

Naucoria melinoidesas Alnicola melinoides


Neolentinus A small genus segregated from Lentinus. Additional species may exist inBritish Columbia. All are described as Lentinus species in the worldmonograph by Pegler (), but a detailed treatment of the species inBritish Columbia is lacking.

70

Neolentinus kauffmaniiRedhead

also as Lentinus kauffmaniiBier & Nobles

Bier et al.

Nobles

Lowe

Martin & Gilbertson

Gilbertson

Pegler

Neolentinus lepideusas Lentinus lepideus

Lowe

Omphalina A moderately small genus variously circumscribed and as such sometimescombined with Gerronema which is unrelated or combined with Clitocybewith which it is closely allied. Many species are treated as Clitocybe inBigelow’s North American monograph of Clitocybe (Bigelow , ).No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Many more species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported.

Omphalina hohensisas Clitocybe hohensis

Bigelow

Omphalina marchantiaeas Gerronema marchantiae

Kroeger b

Omphalina viridisRedhead bRedhead

also as Clitocybe atroviridisBigelow

Bigelow

also as Clitocybe smaragdinaBigelow & Smith

Lowe

Ossicaulis A monotypic genus recently segregated from both Pleurotus and Clitocybe.

Ossicaulis lignatilisRedhead & Ginns

also as Pleurotus lignatilisThomas & Podmore

Lowe

71

Panaeolina A small genus segregated from both Panaeolus and Psathyrella. Species aredescribed as Psathyrellas by Smith ().

Panaeolina foeniseciias Panaeolus foenisecii


Ammirati et al.

Panaeolus A relatively small genus of mainly cosmopolitan species on dung. Manyspecies were described by Ola’h (), but no detailed treatment of west-ern species exists.

Panaeolus acuminatusLowe

Panaeolus campanulatusDavidson

Melburn

Lowe


Panaeolus phalaenarumStamets

Panaeolus retirugisDavidson

Lowe

Panaeolus subbalteatusAmmirati et al.

Panellus A relatively small genus segregated from Pleurotus. Miller () mono-graphed the North American species but did not examine very muchwestern Canadian material. Subsequently a common British Columbianspecies was discovered.

Panellus longinquus ssp. pacificusLibonati-Barnes & Redhead

Kroeger

Redhead

Panellus mitisMiller

also as Pleurotus mitisLowe

Panellus ringensLowe

72

also as Panus salicinusLowe

Panellus serotinusBandoni

Martin & Gilbertson

Kroeger


also as Crepidopus serotinusMurrill aMurrill

also as Pleurotus serotinusDavidson

Hardy

Lowe


Panellus stypticusas Panus stipticus

Davidson

Lowe

Panus This mainly tropical genus is sometimes included with Lentinus (see Peg-ler’s world monograph). The few Canadian species have not beendocumented in detail, but no new species are expected.

Panus rudisLowe

Panus torulosusCheesman


Lowe


Paxillus A relatively small but important pioneering mycorrhizal genus. Themost common species, P. involutus, is probably a species complex muchlike Armillaria mellea s.l. Paxillus vernalis probably occurs in BritishColumbia, too.

Paxillus atrotomentosusLowe



Paxillus involutusDavidson

Hardy

73

Hardy

Hardy

Melburn


Lowe


Bandoni & McLennan

Ammirati et al.


Phaeocollybia A relatively small distinctive genus characteristic of the Pacific Northwest,but only recently discovered in British Columbia. Several additional spe-cies are known and are currently being studied by Norvell (pers. comm.,). Two North American monographs (Smith ; Smith & Trappe) exist, but require major revision.

Phaeocollybia carmanahensisRedhead & Norvell

Phaeocollybia kauffmaniiNorvell aRedhead & Norvell

Phaeolepiota A showy and charcteristic monotypic genus first documented in NorthAmerica from British Columbia.

Phaeolepiota aureaBandoni & Szczawinski

Lowe


Turner

Ammirati et al.

Redhead

Rogers

also as Pholiota aureaSmith cBach

Smith & Hesler

Phaeomarasmius A small genus segregated from Pholiota, where it was treated by Smith &Hesler (). Possibly additional species exist in British Columbia, butthis is unlikely.

Phaeomarasmius erinaceusRedhead bRedhead

74

Pholiota A large important genus of wood-decaying species. A North Americanmonograph exists (Smith & Hesler ), but is now outdated. No com-plete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species is avail-able. Many more species exist in British Columbia and remain to bereported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Pholiota adiposaDavidson

Bier et al.

Nobles

Foster & Foster

Foster et al.

Foster et al.

Smith & Hesler

Martin & Gilbertson

Pholiota alnicolaMartin & Gilbertson

also as Flammula alnicolaDenyer

Lowe

Pholiota astragalinaGamiet & Berch

Pholiota aurivellaSmith & Hesler

Lowe

Martin & Gilbertson

Pholiota aurivelloidesLowe

Pholiota decorataSmith & Hesler

also as Flammula decorataBuckland

Lowe

Pholiota flammansLowe


Pholiota jahnii?Jacobsson

75

Pholiota limonellaMartin & Gilbertson


also as Pholiota squarroso-adiposaSmith


Lowe


Pholiota lubricaas Flammula lubrica

Lowe

Pholiota malicolaLowe

Bandoni & McLennan

probably also as Flammula connissansFoster et al.

Foster et al.

Pholiota polychroaas Flammula polychroa

Hardy a

Pholiota populneaas Pholiota destruens

Davidson

Thomas & Podmore

Lowe

Pholiota scambaKroeger

Gamiet & Berch

Pholiota squarrosaHardy


Lowe


Ammirati et al.

Pholiota squarrosoidesLowe

Jacobsson

Pholiota terrestrisSmith & Hesler

Lowe

76


Bandoni

Bandoni & McLennan


Phyllotopsis A small genus represented by a single species in Canada.

Phyllotopsis nidulansLowe

Phytoconis A small lichenized genus segregated from Omphalina. Species have beentreated as Omphalinas by Bigelow () and as Botrydina by Redhead &Kuyper (). Several other species are expected to be discovered inBritish Columbia.

Phytoconis ericetorumRedhead


also as Botrydina botryoidesRedhead & Kuyper

also as Omphalia umbelliferaDavidson

Lowe

also as Omphalina ericetorumBigelow

Perrin & Koske


also as Omphalina umbelliferaMurrill


Melburn a

Pleurocybella A small genus represented by a single common species in Canada.

Pleurocybella porrigensSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen bGamiet & Berch

also as Pleurotus porrigensBandoni & Szczawinski

Lowe


Pleurotus This genus is largely restricted to species allied to P. ostreatus, whichincludes P. sapidus. In North America, several criteria have been used todistinguish species (e.g., spore print colour), but these have proved to be

77

unreliable. In more recent years the complex has been shown to encom-pass several intersterile populations. For the most part, the biological spe-cies have not been accurately determined in Canada or more specificallyin British Columbia.

Pleurotus ostreatusHardy

Hardy

Thomas & Podmore

Lowe


Bandoni & McLennan

Leichter & Bandoni

Martin & Gilbertson

Turner et al.

also as Pleurotus sapidusDavidson

Hardy aBandoni & Szczawinski

Lowe

Pleurotus subareolatusThomas & Podmore

Lowe

Pluteus There is no North American monograph. No complete treatment of eitherCanadian or British Columbian species is available. Additional speciesexist in British Columbia and remain to be reported. Records of severalspecies require confirmation.

Pluteus atricapillisas Pluteus cervinus

Davidson

Hardy

Hardy

Hardy


Lowe

Perrin & Koske


Gamiet & Berch

Pluteus flavofuligineusLowe

Pluteus granularisLowe

78

Pluteus leoninusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Polyozellus A monotypic genus.

Polyozellus multiplexImazeki

Bigelow

also as Cantharellus multiplexSmith & Morse

Smith

Lowe

Psathyrella This genus was monographed for North America by Smith (), but lit-tle Canadian material, especially western Canadian material, was exam-ined. No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbianspecies is available. Additional species exist in British Columbia andremain to be reported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Psathyrella ammophilaAgriculture Canada

Psathyrella candolleanaLowe


Psathyrella columbianaSmith

Psathyrella hydrophilaLowe

Smith

also as Hypholoma hydrophilumDavidson

Psathyrella incertaalso as Hypholoma incertum

Hardy

Psathyrella longistriataBandoni & Szczawinski

Psathyrella madeodiscaSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Psathyrella spadiceaSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

79

Pseudoarmillariella A monotypic genus.

Pseudoarmillariella ectypoidesGamiet & Berch

Pseudobaeospora A small genus segregated from Lepiota. A single Canadian species isknown.

Pseudobaeospora pillodiiRedhead d

Pseudoclitocybe A small genus segregated from Clitocybe. Species are treated in the NorthAmerican monograph of Clitocybe by Bigelow (, ). No completetreatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species is available.Additional species exist in British Columbia and remain to be reported.

Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformisas Clitocybe cyathiformis

Lowe

Psilocybe This genus was monographed worldwide by Guzman () and includeswestern Canadian materials from around Vancouver, but little else fromthe west. No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbianspecies is available. Additional species exist in British Columbia andremain to be reported. Records of several species require confirmation.

Psilocybe baeocystisRobinson

Guzman et al.

Guzman

Ammirati et al.

Psilocybe cyanescensRobinson

Guzman

Stamets

Lincoff

Guzman

Ammirati et al.

Psilocybe fimetariaGuzman

Psilocybe inquilinaKroeger b

Psilocybe pelliculosaRobinson

Guzman et al.

Lincoff

80

Guzman

Ammirati et al.

Psilocybe pratense?Kroeger b

Psilocybe semilanceataRobinson

Guzman et al.

Weil

Stamets

Z

Guzman

Redhead bSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen bTurner & Szczawinski

Psilocybe strictipesRobinson

Guzman et al.

Ammirati et al.

Psilocybe stuntziiGuzman & Ott

Guzman et al.

Guzman

Ammirati et al.

Psilocybe subfimetariaGuzman & Smith

Guzman

Psilocybe subviscidaDavidson

Lowe

Pulveroboletus A small segregate genus differentiated from Boletus.

Pulveroboletus retipesLowe

Resinomycena A small recently described genus segregated from Mycena. Western Cana-dian material was included and additional species are not expected, butthe ranges require documentation.

Resinomycena montanaRedhead & Singer

Redhead

81

Resinomycena saccharifera ssp. kalalochensisRedhead bRedhead

also as Resinomycena kalalochensisRedhead & Singer

Resupinatus A small genus allied to Hohenbuehelia. Possibly more than one speciesexists in British Columbia.

Resupinatus striatulusThorn & Barron

also as Pleurotus striatulusCoker

Rhodocybe This genus was monographed worldwide by Baroni () concentratingon North American materials. No complete treatment of either Canadianor British Columbian species is available. Additional species probably existin British Columbia and remain to be reported.

Rhodocybe hirneolaBaroni

Rhodocybe trachyspora var. trachysporaBaroni & Largent

also as Rhodocybe carlottae var. carlottaeRedhead & Baroni

Rhodocybe trachyspora var. vinaceaBaroni & Largent

also as Rhodocybe carlottae var. vinaceaRedhead & Baroni

Rickenella A small genus with other species in British Columbia.

Rickenella fibulaGamiet & Berch

Rimbachia A small cyphelloid genus easily overlooked. Existing Canadian collectionswere revised by Redhead ().

Rimbachia arachnoideaRedhead a

Rimbachia bryophilaRedhead a

Rimbachia neckerae ssp. neckeraeRedhead a

82

Rozites A small genus allied to Cortinarius represented by a single Canadianspecies.

Rozites caperataLowe


Rogers


Russula A large important mycorrhizal genus presenting many taxonomic prob-lems. There is no North American monograph. No complete treatment ofeither Canadian or British Columbian species is available. Many additionalspecies exist in British Columbia and remain to be reported. Records ofmost species require confirmation.

Russula abietinaLowe

Russula alutaceaHardy

Lowe

Melburn

Hardy

Gamiet & Berch

Russula atropurpureaLowe

Russula brevipesGoward & Hickson

Gamiet & Berch

Russula cascadensisBandoni & Szczawinski

Schalkwijk-Barendsen

Schalkwijk-Barendsen b

Russula delicaBandoni & Szczawinski

Lowe

Melburn

Russula densifoliaBandoni & Szczawinski

Russula emeticaDavidson


83

Lowe

Perrin & Koske


Bandoni

Goward & Hickson

Russula foetensMelburn

Russula foetidusLowe

Russula fragilisLowe

Russula fragrantissimaSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Russula furcataLowe

Russula luteaLowe

Russula mariaeHardy

Russula nigricansBandoni & Szczawinski

Gamiet & Berch

Russula olivaceaSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Russula vescaGamiet & Berch

Russula veternosaDavidson

Lowe

Russula xerampelinaBandoni & Szczawinski

Bandoni

Morrison & Morrison

84

Schizophyllum A small genus represented by a single cosmopolitan Canadian species.

Schizophyllum communeDavidson

Buckland

Cooke

Lowe

Stagnicola A recently described monotypic genus segregated from Tubaria.

Stagnicola perplexaRedhead & Smith

Strobilurus A small genus segregated from Collybia, but not closely allied to it. Cana-dian material has been revised by Redhead(, ). Additional speciesare not expected in British Columbia.

Strobilurus albipilatusRedhead dRedhead

Gamiet & Berch

Strobilurus occidentalisRedhead dRedhead


Strobilurus trullisatusRedhead dRedhead

Rogers


Stropharia A relatively small genus for which no North American monograph exists.No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Additional species probably exist in British Columbia andremain to be reported. Records of some species require confirmation.

Stropharia aeruginosaHardy bLowe


Stropharia albonitensDavidson

Lowe

85

Stropharia ambiguaHardy

Hardy

Hardy

Lowe


Lowe


also as Hypholoma ambiguaHardy b

Stropharia coronillaAmmirati et al.

Stropharia pseudocyaneaRedhead bKroeger b

possibly as Pholiota aeruginosaLowe

Stropharia ripariaKroeger b

Stropharia semiglobataHardy

Stropharia stercorariaDavidson

Lowe

Suillus This moderately sized, important mycorrhizal genus was monographed forNorth America by Smith & Thiers (), but little Canadian material wascited. No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbianspecies is available. Additional species probably exist in British Columbiaand remain to be reported. Records of some species require confirmation.

Suillus albidipesPantidou & Groves

Lowe

Suillus brevipesPantidou & Groves

Lowe

Schisler & Volkoff

also as Boletus brevipesBandoni & Szczawinski

Suillus caerulescensPantidou & Groves

Lowe

86

Suillus granulatusLowe

Schisler & Volkoff

also as Boletus granulatusBandoni & Szczawinski

Suillus lakeiPantidou & Groves

Lowe

Bandoni

Schisler & Volkoff

Goward & Hickson


also as Boletinus amabilisLowe

The application of the name B. amabilis is in dispute, but it seems tohave been generally applied to S. lakei in western North America

also as Boletinus lakeiBandoni & Szczawinski


also as Boletus lakeiMelburn

possibly as Boletinus pictus (see excluded species)Hardy

Melburn

Melburn apossibly as Boletus pictus (see excluded species)

Hardy b

Suillus luteusSchisler & Volkoff

Bandoni & McLennan

also as Boletus luteusHardy

Lowe



Suillus placidusPantidou & Groves

Lowe

Suillus ponderosusSchisler & Volkoff


Suillus punctipesLowe

Schisler & Volkoff

87

Suillus subaureusas Boletus subaureus

Hardy

Hardy bHardy bHardy

Lowe

Suillus subluteusLeichter & Bandoni

Suillus subolivaceusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Suillus subvariegatusSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Suillus tomentosusPantidou & Groves

Lowe

Schisler & Volkoff


also as Boletus tomentosusBandoni & Szczawinski

Suillus umbonatusPantidou & Groves

Lowe


Tapinella A monotypic genus.

Tapinella panuoidesas Paxillus panuoides

Lowe

Tetrapyrgos A small, mainly tropical genus recently segregated from Marasmiellus, itselfa segregate of both Marasmius and Collybia. At least one other species isknown from British Columbia, but requires research beforedocumentation.

Tetrapyrgos subdendrophoraRedhead

also as Campanella subdendrophoraRedhead

88

Tricholoma A large, important mycorrhizal genus presenting many taxonomic prob-lems. Tricholoma magnivelare, the Pine Mushroom, is commercially har-vested in British Columbia. There is no North American monograph. Nocomplete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species isavailable. Many additional species exist in British Columbia and remain tobe reported. Records of most species require confirmation.

Tricholoma caligataas Armillaria calligata

Kinugawa & Goto

Tricholoma flavovirensSchalkwijk-Barendsen a

also as Tricholoma equestreBandoni & Szczawinski

Tricholoma focaleas Armillaria zelleri


also as Tricholoma zelleriOgawa

Tricholoma graveDavidson

Tricholoma inamoenumSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Tricholoma magnivelareRedhead dTurner et al.

Kroeger

Redhead

Kroeger bSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

also as Armillaria ponderosaLowe


Kinugawa & Goto

Turner

Kroeger bSaenger

also as Tricholoma ponderosumYokoyama & Kobayashi

Ogawa

Tricholoma populinumTurner et al.

89

Tricholoma terreumHardy

Lowe


Tricholomopsis A moderately small genus monographed in North America by Smith(), but without examining western Canadian material. No completetreatment of either Canadian or British Columbian species is available.Additional species exist in British Columbia and remain to be reported.

Tricholomopsis decoraMartin & Gilbertson

also as Clitocybe decoraLowe

also as Tricholoma decorumBandoni & Szczawinski

Tricholomopsis rutilansSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

also as Tricholoma rutilansBandoni & Szczawinski

Tubaria A small, often overlooked genus for which no North American mono-graph exists. No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Colum-bian species is available. Additional species exist in British Columbia andremain to be reported.

Tubaria furfuraceaSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen b

Tylopilus A moderately sized genus segregated from Boletus. No complete treatmentof either Canadian or British Columbian species is available. Additionalspecies possibly exist in British Columbia and remain to be reported.

Tylopilus alboaterSchisler & Volkoff

Tylopilus pseudoscaberas Boletus olivaceobrunneus

Lowe

Volvariella Shaffer () monographed the genus, which is widespread but rarelycollected. No complete treatment of either Canadian or British Columbianspecies is available. Additional species possibly exist in British Columbiaand remain to be reported.

90

Volvariella speciosa var. speciosaShaffer

Lowe

Volvariella stercorariaas Locellina stercoraria

Murrill b

Xeromphalina This genus was monographed in Canada by Redhead (), who revisedall western Canadian specimens. Additional species are not expected, butranges require further documentation.

Xeromphalina campanellaBandoni & Szczawinski

Melburn

Lowe

Smith et al.

Perrin & Koske


Martin & Gilbertson

Redhead

also as Omphalia campanellaDavidson

Bier et al.

Buckland

Hardy

Hardy

Bier et al.

Nobles

Foster & Foster

Foster et al.

Hardy

Lowe

Thomas & Thomas

Foster et al.

Xeromphalina campanelloidesRedhead

Xeromphalina cauticinalis ssp. cauticinalisRedhead

Xeromphalina cirrisRedhead

Xeromphalina cornuiRedhead

91

Xeromphalina fulvipesLowe

Redhead

Redhead

Gamiet & Berch

Excluded orDoubtful Species

Amanita phalloidesHardy

Early reports of this species from North America refer to the Amanitavirosa complex, a group of white toxic species. Amanita phalloides isgenerally agreed to be an introduced species in North America andis found in California, Oregon, and Washington, but has never beenreliably recorded from British Columbia to date. Hardy’s report isundoubtedly erroneous.

Amanita rubescensLowe

This is an eastern North American species. Until verified, this reportshould be treated as suspect.

Clitocybe catinaDavidson

Lowe

This species was not recognized from western North America by Big-elow (, ). The name has probably been misapplied to anotherClitocybe.

Clitocybe cerussatapossibly as Clitocybe pithyophila

Davidson

Lowe

This application of the name C. pithophylla possibly refers to C.dilatata.

Crepidotus latifoliusLowe

This is an eastern North American species not reliably documentedfrom the west.

Crepidotus sphaerosporusLowe

This species is only known from Europe and is not reliably knownfrom North America.

Lactarius subdulcisDavidson

Hardy

Hardy

92

Melburn

Melburn

Lowe

Melburn

as Lactaria subdulcisLowe

This species is not known for certain from North America. A complexof species has been referred to this name in older literature.

Leccinumas Boletus versipellis

Lowe

This species name has been variously applied to different species and itsapplication in this report is unclear.

Lyophyllum ambustumas Collybia ambusta

Melburn bThis name has been variously applied and its application here isambiguous.

Lyophyllum sp.possibly as Clitocybe cartilaginea

Lowe

This species of Clitocybe is not recognized from North America. Vari-eties of C. cartilaginea reported from North America have been referredto Lyophyllum.

Marasmius felixLowe

This is an eastern North American species. Western material representsdifferent species.

Marasmius rotulaHardy aHardy

Lowe

Melburn

Melburn

This is an eastern North American species not reliably documentedfrom western North America.

Mycena atroalbaDavidson

Lowe

Smith () was uncertain about the use of this name in North Amer-ica. Its application remains doubtful in older records.

93

Mycena excisaDavidson

Lowe

An eastern species probably not found in western North America.

Mycena leaianaSchalkwijk-Barendsen aSchalkwijk-Barendsen bA doubtful report from British Columbia, as the species appears toextend no further west than Manitoba.

Mycena minutulaDavidson

Lowe

A species described from the east and not fully characterized.

Mycena niveipesas Mycena polygramma var. albida

Davidson

An eastern North American species not reliably documented from west-ern North America.

Mycena polygrammaLowe

A species known for certain only from eastern North America.

Oudemansiella mucidaas Armillaria mucida

Cheesman

This species is European and has never been reliably documented fromNorth America. It is possible that it could be introduced with colonizedtrees but in this case is probably erroneously reported.

Pholiota marginataMelburn

This species was poorly known and early applications refer to a numberof species.

Pholiota subsquarrosaLowe

This species was not recognized from North America by Smith &Hesler (). It was said to possibly be = P. subvelatipes, which is nowconsidered to be synonymous with P. limonella.

Pholiota tuberculosaLowe

This species was not recognized from North America by Smith &Hesler ().

94

Pleurotus albolanatusThomas & Podmore

Lowe

This species is possibly synonymous with Pleurocybella porrigens. Olderapplications of the name are ambiguous.

Psathyrella crenataDavidson

Lowe

A poorly known species of European origin interpreted as Coprinus hia-scens by some Europeans.

Psilocybe callosaGuzman

A misapplied name, in this case possibly referring to P. strictipes.

Strobilurus sp.as Collybia albipilata

Hardy

Hardy bMelburn

Melburn

Melburn

Melburn aMelburn

Melburn

Lowe

as Collybia conigenaDavidson

as Collybia conigenoidesDavidson

Lowe

Strobilurus species have been variously reported as Collybia albipilataand C. conigenoides. Unless examined microscopically none can be relia-bly assigned (see Redhead d). Collybia albipilata s.s. = Strobilurusalbipilatus.

Stropharia appendiculataHardy

An untraceable name possibly referring to a Psathyrella or Strophariaambigua.

Suillus spragueias Boletinus pictus

Hardy

Melburn

Melburn aas Boletus pictus

Hardy b

95

This is an eastern North American species found under eastern whitepine. Early western reports are probably based upon S. lakei (q.v.), aDouglas-fir associate.

Xerula radicataas Collybia radicata

Lowe

This species is rare in North America and is only known from the east-ern United States. The British Columbia record appears to have beenbased on Collybia maculata.

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APPENDIX 4 Miscellaneous basidiomycetes reported from British Columbia

Gasteromycetes and False TrufflesAstraeus hygrometricusBattarrea stevensiiBovista pilaBovista pusillaCalvatia elataCalvatia giganteaCalvatia lepidophorumCalvobovista subsculptaClathrus ruberCrucibulum laeveCyathus striatusGeastrum minusGeastrum triplexLycoperdon curtisiiLycoperdon perlatumLycoperdon pyriformeLycoperdon subincarnatumLysurus cruciatusMycenastrum coriumMycoacia denudataMycoacia udaMutinus caninusNidula candidaNidula niveotomentosaNidularia pulvinatusPhallus impudicusPisolithus tinctoriusPodaxis pistillarisRhizopogon canadensisRhizopogon cinnamomeusRhizopogon columbianusRhizopogon defectusRhizopogon diabolicusRhizopogon evadensRhizopogon florencianusRhizopogon hawkeraeRhizopogon idahoensisRhizopogon molallaensisRhizopogon occidentalisRhizopogon ochraceorubensRhizopogon olivaceofuscusRhizopogon pseudoroseolusRhizopogon pseudovillosusRhizopogon roseolusRhizopogon rubescens

Rhizopogon subcaerulescensRhizopogon subsalmoneusRhizopogon vinicolorScleroderma aerolatumScleroderma aurantiaScleroderma cepaScleroderma lycoperdoidesSimblum sphaerocephalumTruncocolumella citrinaTruncocolumella rubraTulostoma campestreTulostoma tuberculatum

Hydnoid and Thelephoroid FungiHydnellum aurantiacumHydnellum caeruleumHydnellum peckiiHydnellum pineticolaHydenellum scrobiculatumHydnellum suaveolensHydnum repandumHydnum umbilicatumPhellodon tomentosusSarcodon calvatumSarcodon fuscoindicumSarcodon imbricatumSarcodon stereosarcinonThelephora caryophylleaThelephora palmataThelephora regularis

Coral FungiClavaria vermicularisClavariadelphus ligulaClavariadelphus occidentalisClavariadelphus sachalinensisClavariadelphus truncatusClavicorona taxophilaClavulina cinereaClavulina cristataClavulinopsis aurantio-cinnabarinusMacrotyphula fistulosaRamaria apiculataRamaria botrytisRamaria concolorRamaria distinctissimaRamaria flava

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Ramaria flavo-brunnescensRamaria formosaRamaria mutabilisRamaria rubellaRamaria strictaRamaria subbotrytisRamaria sueciaSparassis crispa

Typhula abietinaTyphula erythropusTyphula incarnataTyphula mycophagaTyphula setipesTyphula thaxteriTyphula umbrina

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APPENDIX 5 Ascomycetes reported from British Columbia

Aleuria aurantiaAnthracobia macrocystisAnthracobia melalomaApiosporina morbosaAscobolus carbonariusAscobolus epimycesAscobolus furfuraceusAscobolus immersusAscobolus michaudiiAscobolus sacchariferusAscobolus tenuisporusAscocoryne sarcoidesBisporella citrinaBryoglossum gracileCaloscypha fulgensCenangium acuumCenangium ferruginosumCenagium singulareCheilymenia ciliataCheilymenia coprinataChlorencoella versiformisChlorociboria aeruginascensCiboria gordoniiCiboria rufo-fuscaCiborina foliicolaCiborina whetzeliiCordyceps militarisCordyceps myrmecophilaDaldinia concentricaDaldinia occidentalisDasyscyphus bicolorDasyscyphus ellisianusDasyscyphus sulphureusDasyscyphus turbinulatusDasyscyphus virginellusDematioscypha dematiicolaDermea balsameaDermea cerasiDermea prunastriDermea pseudotsugaeDermea rhytidiformansDermea tetraspermaDiscina macrosporaDiscina perlataDiscinella schimperiElaphomyces granulatus

Elaphomyces muricatusEncoelia fascicularisEncoelia furfuraceaGelatinodiscus flavidusGeopyxis carbonariaGeopyxis vulcanalisGodronia cassandraeGodronia confertusGodronia fuliginosaGodronia spiraeaeGodronia zelleriGyromitra ambiguaGyromitra californicaGyromitra carolinianaGyromitra columbianaGyromitra esculentaGyromitra infulaGyromitra melaleucoidesHelvella acetabulumHelvella corlumHelvella crispaHelvella elasticaHelvella lacunosaHelvella macropusHelvella solitariaHerpotrichia juniperinaHumaria hemisphaericaHypomyces aurantiusHypomyces cervinigenusHypomyces lactifluorumHypomyces rosellusHypoxylon cerebrinumHypoxylon cinereo-lilacinumHypoxylon diathraustonHypoxylon fragiformeHypoxylon fuscumHypoxylon howeianumHypoxylon mammatumHypoxylon mediterraneumHypoxylon multiformeHypoxylon nummulariumHypoxylon rubiginosumHypoxylon serpensHypoxylon vogesiacumLachnellula agassiziiLachnellula arida

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Lachnellula calyciformisLachnellula ciliataLachnellula flavovirensLachnellula fuscosanguineaLachnellula occidentalisLachnellula piniLeucoscypha hetleriMitrula elegansMorchella angusticepsMorchella elataMorchella esculentaMonilinia corniMonilinia demissaMonilinia oxycocciMonilinia padiMonilinia vaccinii-corymbosiNeournula pouchetiiOnygena equinaOtidea kauffmaniiOtidea leporinaOtidea onoticaOtidea smithiiPaxina barlaePaxina recurvumPeziza badiaPeziza brunneoatraPeziza domicilianaPeziza emileiaPeziza melaleucaPeziza petersiiPeziza phyllogenaPeziza praetervisaPeziza repandaPeziza succosaPeziza sylvestrisPeziza vesciculosaPeziza violaceaPithya cupressinaPithya vulgarisPlectania melastomaPlectania nannfeldtiiPlicaria endocarpoidesPlicaria trachycarpaPseudoplectania melaenaPseudoplectania nigrellaPseudoplectania vogesiaca

Pulvinula archeriRoesleria subterraneaRoeslerina microsporaRoeslerina radicellaPyronema omphalodesRhizina undulataRutstroemia sydowianaSarcoscypha coccineaSacrosphaera coronariaSarcosoma mexicanaSclerotinia borealisSclerotinia bulborumSclerotinia fructicolaSclerotinia gladioliSclerotinia homeocarpaSclerotinia laxaSclerotinia minorSclerotinia narcissicolaSclerotinia polyblastisSclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia trifoliorumScutellinia scutellataScutellinia setosaScutellinia umbrarumSpathularia flavidaSpathularia velutipesTarzetta cupularisTarzetta roseaThelebolus stercoreusThelebolus zukaliiTricharina praecoxTrichoglossum hirsutumTricophaea contradictaTuber gibbosumTympanis alneaTympanis confusaTympanis conspersaTympanis hypopodiaTympanis hysterioidesTympanis laricinaTympanis spermatiosporaTympanis truncatulaUstulina deustaVerpa bohemicaVerpa conicaXylaria hypoxylon

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APPENDIX 6 Conservation Data Centre Ranking

Each ‘‘element’’ (e.g., a species) on the Conservation Data Centre’s list isranked using the system developed over the last years by the NatureConservancy. This system is now in use in six Canadian provinces, all U.S.states, and a number of Latin American countries. Most government agen-cies within these jurisdictions have also adopted this ranking system.

Each element is ranked at two levels: global () and provincial, or‘‘subnational’’ (). The global rank is based on the status of the elementthroughout its entire range, whereas the provincial rank is based solely onits status within British Columbia. The global rank is established by abiologist assigned to that element by The Nature Conservancy; the provin-cial rank cannot exceed the global rank.

The status of an element is indicated on a scale of one to five; the scoreis based primarily on the number of extant occurrences of the element,but other factors such as abundance, range, protection, and threats arealso considered if the information is available. Generally, the ConservationData Centre will track only those species with ranks of –. In addition tothe ranks –, there are several letter ranks; all are defined below.

= Critically imperiled because of extreme rarity ( or fewer extantoccurrences or very few remaining individuals) or because of somefactor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation or extinction.

= Imperiled because of rarity (typically – extant occurrences orfew remaining individuals) or because of some factor(s) making itvulnerable to extirpation or extinction.

= Rare or uncommon (typically – occurrences); may be suscept-able to large-scale disturbances (e.g., may have lost extensiveperipheral populations).

= Frequent to common (greater than occurrences); apparentlysecure but may have a restricted distribution; or there may be per-ceived future threats.

= Common to very common; demonstrably secure and essentiallyineradicable under present conditions.

H = Historial occurrence; usually not verified in the last years, butwith the expectation that it may someday be rediscovered.

X = Apparently extinct or extirpated, without the expectation that it willbe rediscovered.

U = Status uncertain, often because of low search or cryptic nature ofthe element; uncertainty spans a range of or ranks.

R = Reported from the province, but without persuasive documentationfor either accepting or rejecting the report.

RE = Reported in error, but this error has persisted in the literature.? = No information is available or the number of extant occurrences is

estimated.A = An element (usually an animal) that is considered accidental or

casual in province; a species that does not appear on an annualbasis.

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E = An exotic or introduced species to the province.Z = Occurs in the province but as a diffuse, usually moving, population;

difficult or impossible to map static occurrences.

In addition to the above ranks, there are four letter qualifiers sometimesused on conjunction with them:

T = Designates a rank associated with a subspecies.B = Breeding; the associated rank refers to breeding occurrences of

mobile animals.N = Non-breeding; the associated rank refers to non-breeding occur-

rences of mobile animals.Q = Taxonomic validity of the element is not clear or is in question.

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APPENDIX 7 Major collections of British Columbia macrofungi

Mycological Herbarium — Curator Dr. R. BandoniDepartment of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver, British Columbia

Herbarium — Curator Dr. B. CallanPacific Forestry Centre West Burnside RoadVictoria, British Columbia

National Mycological Herbarium — Curator Dr. S. RedheadCentre for Land & Biological Resources ResearchResearch Branch, Agriculture CanadaOttawa, Ontario

Mycological Herbarium — Curator Dr. R. FogelUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan

Mycological Herbarium — Curator Dr. J. AmmiratiDepartment of BotanyUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, Washington

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APPENDIX 8 Mycological taxonomists in North America

Taxonomist Address Area of expertise

Dr. Joseph F. Ammirati Dept. Botany, Agarics and other macrofungi,University of Washington, especially Cortinariaceae andSeattle, WA Amanita; secondary and old-phone: - growth forestry plots infax: - Washington.

Dr. Robert J. Bandoni Dept. Botany, University Jelly fungi (esp. Tremellales),(retired) of British Columbia, general mycology.

Vancouver, B.C.

Dr. Timothy J. Baroni P.O. Box , Dept. Biol. Rhodocybe, Clitopilus, otherSci., Cortland College, pink-spored mushrooms., Cortland, NY phone: -fax: -

Dr. Shannon Berch B.C. Ministry of Forests fungi, but also generalResearch Branch mycology.Glyn Road Research Station, Glyn Road,Victoria, B.C. phone: -fax: -

Dr. Brenda Callan Pacific Forest Centre, Forest pathogens, Xylariaceae,Forestry Canada, general fungi incl. polypores, West Burnside Road, common agarics and ascomycetes.Victoria, B.C. phone: -fax: -

Dr. Dennis E. Desjardin Department of Biology, Marasmius, Collybia, Mycena.San Francisco State Univ.,San Francisco, CA phone: -

Dr. Keith N. Egger Faculty of Natural Resources and Cup fungi, especially ascomycetesEnvironmental Studies, on burned sites.

University of Northern B.C. University Way,Prince George, B.C. phone: -

Ms. Sharmin Gamiet Defehr Road, Generalist.Abbotsford, B.C. phone: -fax: -

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Dr. James Ginns , Research Branch Polypores, other aphyllophorales,Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada miscellaneous wood decay fungi.Ottawa, Ont. phone: -

Mr. Paul Kroeger East th, Contact for Vancouver MycologicalVancouver, B.C. Society, experienced amateurphone: - mushroom collector.

Dr. David L. Largent Dept. Biol., Humboldt State Leptonia, Nolanea, Entoloma,University, Arcata, CA other pink-spored mushrooms/phone: - contact for mushroom harvesting

plots in California.

Dr. Roy E. Halling New York Botanical Garden, Collybia, boletes.Bronx, NY -phone: -fax: -

Dr. Andrew S. Methven Botany Dept., Eastern Illinois Clavariadelphus.Univ., Charleston, IL phone: -

Dr. Duncan Morrison Pacific Forest Centre, Armillaria.Forestry Canada, West Burnside Road,Victoria, B.C. phone: -fax: -

Dr. Gregory M. Mueller Dept. Botany, Laccaria.Field Museum Natural History,Chicago, IL -phone: -fax: -

Mrs. Lorelei L. Norvell Pacific Northwest Mycology Service LLC Phaeocollybia, chanterelles/contact NW Skyline, for Oregon Mycological Society —Portland, OR chanterelle harvesting plots inphone: - Oregon.

Dr. Clark Ovrebo Dept. Biol., Tricholoma.Univ. Central Oklahoma,Edmond, OK phone: -fax: -

Dr. Ronald H. Petersen Dept. Botany, Coral fungi, Gomphus,Univ. Tennessee, chanterelles.Knoxville, TN -phone: -fax: -

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Dr. Scott A. Redhead , Research Branch Agarics, boletes, other fleshy fungi,Agriculture Canada, especially saprophytes.Ottawa, Ont. phone: -fax: -

Mr. Rodham E. Tulloss P.O. Box , Roosevelt, Amanita.NJ -phone: -fax: -

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