Main criteria for classical PDRs are:- the sources cover a wide range of FUV field intensitiesand spectral shapes. - the sources have a well defined geometry and orientation with respect to the observer & illuminating star, preferably edge-on.- high spatial resolution is an asset, favoring nearby sources; unfortunately closer PDRs tend to have lower UV fields.- complementary chemical information. All proposed source have been extensively studied with ground-based observations, so that a large set of complementary data is available.

As a reference, we plan to perform complementary observationsof one dense cloud which is exposed to the standard interstellar radiation field only and not influenced by shocks (B68). The list presented above is ordered by the intensity of the UV radiation field, where the value given here is the field at the edge of the clouds, relative to the interstellar radiation field (ISRF; Draine 1978). All of the sources exhibit particular features that further underline the value of their observation. Comparing Carina and NGC7023 shows the impact of the spectral shape of the illuminating field, comparing S140 and Rosette shows the influence of X-rays on the PDR chemistry, and Ced201 will provide clues to time-dependent PDR chemistry due to the high proper motion of the illuminating source.

Canadian Involvement in the Herschel Space Telescope Key

Program “The Warm and Dense ISM” (WADI)Kevin France & Peter G. Martin (CITA/U of Toronto) for the WADI Consortium

3.6(B), 5.8(G), 8.0(R) μm

FUSE Discretionary Time IC 59 - H2 Fluorescence

The emission nebula IC 63 is a prototypical object for studies of molecular photoexcitation in the local interstellar medium. In order to better understand the influence of density structure on the PDR energy balance and kinematics, we have applied the Canadian WADI time to the nearby cloud IC 59. Both clouds are under the influence of Cas (B0.5IVe). Comparing IC 59 and IC 63 will allow us to remove uncertainties about the shape of the illuminating radiation field when modeling the spectral characteristics of these objects.

WADI observations of IC 63/IC 59 are being coordinated by Marco Spaans, with the IC 59 observing strategy being defined at CITA. To date, we have created the Herschel Astronomical Observation Requests (AORs) for IC 59, compiled supporting visible to far-IR observations, and have submitted a proposal to acquire Discretionary Time observations of possible fluorescent H2 emission with FUSE. The AORs target numerous atomic, molecular, and dust emissions, including: C II, O I, O III, N II, N III, HD, CH, CH+, OH, CO, NH, NH3, several species of H2O, and far-IR dust continuum from 72-210 um. These observations will be complemented by Herschel-SPIRE and PACS imaging as part of the "Evolution of Interstellar Dust" KP.

For More Information:france@cita.utoronto.ca

www.cita.utoronto.ca/~france/

WADI Science Goals

Fig5-Overlay of the Spitzer-IRS mapping observations (above) and the IRS spectra (right)

Fig1 – Example of typical HIFI mapping strategy.Cuts sample the PDR interface as they cross from the HII region onto the molecular cloud.

WADI Consortium

Fig6– Fluorescent H2 emission in IC 63 from HUT (left) and FUSE (right)

IC 63 & IC 59

IRAC 8 m MIPS 24 m

Fig4-Wide field B-band image of the IC63/IC59 system (top), and individual Spitzer-IRAC (left) and MIPS (right) images

B + 8 m + 24 m

WADI Targets - PDRs

WADI Targets

AbstractWe report on Canadian involvement in the Herschel Space Telescope Guaranteed Time Key Programme `The Warm & Dense ISM' (WADI). WADI explores the roles of UV photons from massive stars and shocks from supernova outflows in shaping the Galactic ISM. WADI will use HIFI and PACS observations to provide a set of far-IR atomic and molecular line diagnostics that can be used as templates for the interpretation of data from more distant star-forming galaxies. CITA is part of the WADI consortium, coordinating the observing strategy and supporting observations of the nearby PDR IC 59. We present an overview of the WADI project and ongoing efforts to obtain complementary imaging and spectral observations of IC 59, from IR to UV wavelengths.

The WADI project studies feedback processes from the life and death of massive stars, exploring the role of UV photons from massive stars and shocks from supernova outflows in shaping the Galactic ISM. The KP has four primary science goals:

1) to determine the energy balance in photodissociation regions

(PDRs), comparing the energy input by UV photons with the cooling through dust continuum and far-IR line emission.

2) photo-induced chemistry in the ISM, where processing by UV photons can catalyze reactions with light hydrides, e.g., involving the chemical chains of carbon (CH, CH2, CH3), oxygen (OH, H2O, H3O+), and nitrogen (NH, NH2, NH3).

3) PDR dynamics and kinematics, focusing on the photoevaporation of PDR interfaces and advection of molecular material into a region where it can be dissociated by UV photons.

4) shock waves driven by supernovae, an important source of mechanical energy input into the ISM.

This study will provide an understanding of a rich set of far-IR atomic and molecular line diagnostics the at can be used as templates for the interpretation of data from more distant star-forming galaxies.

Along with the KP team effort to prepare the GT proposal in detail, we have coordinated the observing strategy and supporting observations for the nearby PDR IC 59, a complementary target to the prototypical H2 emission nebula IC 63. We will use Herschel HIFI and PACS spectroscopic observations in order to develop better models of PDR interfaces, constraining the processes that affect the evolution of the ISM.

Herschel/WADI -- Consortium members: Volker Ossenkoph-PI KOSMA/SRON – DE/NL

M. Roellig KOSMA-DEM. Gerin LERMA – FR R. Simon KOSMA-DEA. Gusten MPIR-DE M. Spaans Kapteyn-NLA. Benz ETH-CH J. Stutzki KOSMA-DEF. Boulanger IAS-FR D. Teyssier ESA-ESA. Fuente OAN-ES H. Yorke JPL-USA. Harris UMD-US O. Berne CESR-FRCh. Joblin CNRS-FR J. LeBourlot CNRS-FRTh. Klein MPIR-DE S. Bruderer ETH-CHS. Lord JPL-US K. France CITA-CANC. Kramer KOSMA-DE J. Coicoechea LERMA-FRP. G. Martin CITA – CAN B. Mookerjea UMD-USJ. Martin-Pintado CSIC-ES F. LePetit LUTH-FRD. Neufeld JHU – US D. Poelman Kapteyn-NLS. Philipp MPIR-DE R. Rizzo UEM-EST. Phillips JPL-US

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CITA Involvement-IC63/IC59

Fig2- PDR models forH and C abundances across the interface

Fig3 – Sample Herschel AORs for IC 59. The blue stripes are HIFI maps (CH-536 and CII-1900 GHz), the green and red squares are PACS, and the cyan squares are proposed for FUSE