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Executive Summary
Leadership is a on going process of behavior practiced by a leader in response
to influence employees attitudes, to control them and to keep the organizational
activities in order towards achieving that organizations main objective. Leadership is
a very much vital component in making any organization successful. It is very
important in making an organization to perform effectively an efficiently. In order to
make an organization successful, it is necessary to motivate employees and direct
them to work properly, which would enable them to reach the organizations goal.
Here, leadership is playing the role in motivating employees through effective
motivational factors, creating confidence among them by directing and advising them.
Leadership also builds morale in employee in order to ensure high productivity
towards achieving the purposes of that organization and ultimately making it
successful.
Leadership can be practiced in various styles, but based on the degree of use
of power leadership styles can be of three types, such as-autocratic leadership style,
democratic leadership style and free-rein leadership styles. Here, autocratic leadership
style refers to the centralized decision-making process style, in which strict discipline
is followed. Democratic leadership style refers to decentralized decision-making
process style; in which mental and emotional involvement take place. Lastly, the free-
rein leader style refers to give complete freedom to subordinates in which manager
collects subordinates do information and rest of the works. So, these are the
leadership styles can be followed by an organization in order to make employees
work properly to bring out the prosperity for the organization.
This research is based on a companys leadership styles, which motivates,
directs employees towards achieving its goal. In order to make this study successful
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we have chosen Alap Communication to see its leadership styles that keeps its works
on track.
Alap Communication basically provides cutting edge scalable infrastructure
and services to telecom operators in Bangladesh. It also offers full custom solutions in
network design & implementation, systems engineering and wireless design and
development. Alaps promising and qualified personnel always remain set to give
excellent technical support to obtain the most of their products and services. They
make highest effort to resolve the technical issue within the earliest possible time.
In response to do this reaserch and to identify the leadership styles followed
by Alap Communication a survey was conducted. The sample size of the survey was
15 employees of Alap in order to take their responses about leadership styles in their
organiztion. After collecting the data and information from the employees, their
responses were matched with the various characteristics of different leadership styles.
After analyzing their responses and reactions we came to a conclusion that Alap
Communication basically practices autocratic leadership and sometimes some
characteristics of democratic leadership also take place in its decision- making
process.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Leadership is basically a method of controlling employees, practiced by the
superiors in an organization. It is such an essential part in organization with which the
authorities manipulate an organizations employees. It also influences the motivation;
meaning that with leadership, leaders motivate employees to do their jobs properly.
Leadership also allows leaders to take the right decision at the right time; means it
also manipulates decision-making process. So, with the power of controlling and
motivating employees and the proper way of decision making, leadership enables the
authorities of an organization to make employees work towards achieving the goals
and objectives of that organization.
1.1 Statement of the problem
Leadership is the process of influencing a group towards the achievement of
goals of an organization. A leader is the person who has managerial authority with
which he can influence others. So, in order to perform the organizational duties, all
managers should have leadership quality.
Leadership can be of different styles. These styles are the patterns of behavior,
which a leader adopts in influencing the behavior of his followers. These patterns
emerge in the leaders as they begin to respond in the same fashion under similar
conditions. The several leadership styles are-
o Autocratic leadership
o Democratic leadership
o Free Rein leadership
The main focus of this project is to oversee the leadership, leadership styles and its
functionality in an organization. Alap Communication is the target company for this
research. This company is basically a secured bandwidth provider. It is mainly
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focusing on purchasing bandwidth from the foreign countries and further supply to
high volume corporate user, such as Banks and ATM. In the organization there are
different levels of managerial activities and in these way different types of leadership
and its styles.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
Identify about leadership and its role in an organization
To know about different leadership styles
Find out the characteristics of different kind of leadership styles
Application of the leadership styles in Alap Communication
Identify lacking of leadership in Alap Communication
Recommendation regarding the leadership styles Alap Communication
1.3 Significance of the Study
The purpose of the study is to get experience of organizational behavior.
Leadership is an important part of organizational behavior, which brings much
information and knowledge about leadership and its styles. Now-a-days Internet and
Communication companies are playing a vital role in the business market. People are
getting more interested in knowing about these kinds of companies. And through this
research they would get to know more information and knowledge about leadership
and its styles in these types of companies. This research will focus on employers and
managers role as a leader through which external people will know about their
activities and reaction of employees.
1.4 Scope & Limitations
The best effort was given in doing this research on leadership styles. During the
period of research, our honorable faculty, Dr. Nazrul Islam, has helped us. The
support was also from the employees at Alap Communication at the time of
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conducting the survey there. Conversely, there still exist some limitations in the
study. The limitations are:
An agreed executive director of Alap Communication became an aid for
conducting this study. But as he has just joined over there, the harmony did not
work out to get enough information.
Information collection was difficult because the company officers did
not want to disclose their internal information.
Getting access to all managers was tuft; they were not interested to give
their time.
For any survey the standard sample size should be 30. However, the
survey was conducted on 15 employees because most of the employees remain
busy, and sometime they were unwilling to answer the questionnaire.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Leadership
Leadership is interpersonal influence exercised in a situation and directed
through communication process, towards the attainment of a specific goal or goals. Its
functions come under directing through which behavior is directed to get maximum
use of subordinates ability. It is an essential process that manipulates behavior
through the practice of a leader, who breathes life into the group and motivate it
towards the objective of an organization.
An analysis based on the above discussion brings certain features of
leadership, which are-
Leadership is a continuous process of behavior; it is not one-shot
activity.
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Leadership may be seen in terms of relationship between a leader and
its followers, which arises out of their functioning for common goals.
By exercising the leadership, the leader tries to influence the behavior
of individuals or groups of individuals around him to achieve common
goals.
The followers work willingly and enthusiastically to achieve these
goals. Thus, there is no coercive force, which induces the followers to
work.
Leadership gives an experience of help to followers to attain common
goals. It happens when the leader feels the importance of individuals,
gives them recognition and conveys them about their importance of
activities performed by them.
Leadership is exercised in a particular situation, at a given point of
time and under specific set of circumstances. It implies that leadership
styles may be different under different situations.
2.2 Importance of Leadership
Leadership is an important factor for making any type of organization
successful. Through out the history, it has been recognize that, the difference between
success and failure, whether in a war, political movement, business, or a team game,
can be attributed largely to leadership.
Here, we are more concerned about manager as a leader. Without a good
leader organization cannot function efficiently and effectively. Since the organization
is basically a deliberate creation of human beings for certain specific objective, the
activities of its members need to be directed in a certain way. Any departure from this
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way, will lead to inefficiency in the organization. Direction of activities in the
organization is effected by the leader. The importance of good leader can be
discussed as follows:
Motivating employees
Motivation is necessary for work performance. Higher the motivation better
will be the performance. A good leader by exercising the leadership motivates the
employees for high performance. Good leadership in the organization itself is a
motivating factor for the individuals.
Creating confidence
A good leader may create confidence in his followers by directing them,
giving them advice, and getting through them good results in the organization. Once
an individual with the help of a leader puts high efficiency, he tries to maintain it as
he acquires certain level of confidence toward his capacity.
Building moral
Moral is expressed as attitude of employees towards organization,
management and voluntary cooperation to offer their ability to the organization. High
moral leads to high productivity and organizational stability. Through providing good
leadership in the organization, employees moral can be raised high ensuring high
productivity and stability in organization.
2.2 Leadership styles
Leadership styles are the patterns of behavior, which a leader adopts in
influencing the behavior of his followers. These patterns emerge in the leader as he
begins to respond in the same fashion under similar conditions; he develops habits of
actions that become somewhat predictable to those who work with him. Various
researchers have proposed different leadership styles. These styles are either based on
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behavioral approach or situational approach of leadership. Based on the degree of use
of power there are three leadership styles-
1. Autocratic Leadership
In autocratic leadership style, a manager centralizes decision-making power in
himself. He structured the complete situation for his employees and they do
what they are told.
2. Democratic Leadership
In democratic leadership style, the manager decentralizes decision-making
process. Instead of taking unilateral decision, he emphasizes consultation and
participation of his subordinates.
3. Free-rein Leadership
Free-rein means giving complete freedom to subordinates. In this leadership
style, a manager once determines policy, programs and limitations for action
and the entire process is let to subordinates.
2.3 Characteristics of Leadership Styles
Autocratic Leadership:
Centralized decision-making process.
Negative motivation style.
In competency hide ness.
Centralized authority structure and strict discipline.
Strong motivation and reward.
Quick decision-making process.
Fewer competencies with subordinates.
Development of frustration, low moral and conflict.
More dependency and less individuality in organization.
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Uninformed, in secure and fear ness of leadership.
Democratic Leadership:
Mental and emotional involvement.
Decentralized decision-making process.
Informed style is broad about the affecting condition.
Decisions are made based upon suggestions and ideas.
Highly motivating.
Highly productive.
Sharing responsibility with superior.
Stability of organization.
Complex nature of organization.
Discouraging technique because of minimum interaction.
Free Rein:
Complete freedom.
Performance done by group members.
Policy, programs, limitations for action determined by managers and then left
to subordinates.
Managers usually maintain contact with outside person to gather information.
Helps to develop independent personality.
Almost nil contribution of manager.
Proceeds at cross-purposes.
Degeneration into chaos.
Rare utilization.
Suitable to certain situation, where group have a choice.
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Chapter 3: Organizational profile:
3.1 ALAP Communication Limited (ALAP COM)
Alap Communication was developed to provide revolutionary
telecommunication network for providing secure Data, Voice and Video services to
end users and existing service providers in Bangladesh. Alap expands full-custom
solution in the area of Network design and implementation, Telecommunication
systems engineering and Wireless design and development.
Alaps dedicated and professional staff is ready to provide quality technical
support to get the most of their products and services. They will make every attempt
to resolve the technical issue within the earliest possible time. Alap Communication
has service desk support, after hours support, equipment maintenance etc.
3.2 Mission
AlapCom's basic mission is to provide cutting edge scalable infrastructure and
services to telecom operators in Bangladesh, offering full custom solutions in network
design & implementation, systems engineering and wireless design and development.
3.3 Company objective
Infrastructure support to cellular and ISP companies by way of backhaul and
frequency management.
Leapfrog infrastructure to provide switching and backhaul solution for future
mobile and PSTN networks.
Nationwide cost effective Broadband data connectivity solution (secured
intranet and internet services).
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3.4 Corporate background:
Many businesses in Bangladesh today are in need of intranet & Internet
connectivity to ensure fast and secure business communication. However, there are
no attractive options available for them to obtain the Internet connectivity they need.
The broadband wireless solutions that have been deployed up until now are
expensive, both in terms of equipment and in terms of installation difficulty. This is
because the technology currently deployed requires that most customers install a large
tower to insure line-of-sight connectivity back to the base station. The need for a line-
of-sight connection also makes links unreliable as new construction obscures current
installations.
By deploying next generation wireless equipment Alap Communication will
provide secured internet and intranet that is fast and easy to deploy, and which will
not require customers to install towers, and which will provide end to end quality of
service to ensure link stability and on-demand bandwidth allocation.
3.5 Company activities
All the base stations are strategically deployed in 3.5 GHz to have the
coverage for greater Dhaka city.
Based upon Alaps observation its prospective business clients from
Motijheel, Kawran bazaar, Banani, Uttara, are located within the 1km radius
of its base station.
For Alaps corporate clients in all the business districts it can provide:
o Non Line of Sight (NLOS) coverage in 1km(approx) from its Base
Stations.
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o Obstructed Line of Sight (OLOS) coverage in 2km(approx) from its
Base Station
o Line of Sight (LOS) coverage in 20 km from its Base Station.What are
the advantages of having NLOS/OLOS coverage
Minimal deployment of towers - 75% of the subscribers do not need tower to
get connectivity, which will minimize the cost
CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) can be installed inside the
office premises.
Most business districts areas people do not have the access to the
roof and Alap Communications 3rd Generation broadband wireless
solution can provide indoor coverage to its clients from the nearest
Wireless Base Station.
It ensures the security of the equipments being inside the building
premises.
Easy to carry/move the CPE because of location changing and no
need to configure the CPE except for the new establishment of the
Link with different base station.
3.6 Services:
Alap Communication is in the business of providing voice & high-speed data
connectivity between customer premises (intranet) in Dhaka and Chittagong (Sylhet
service is expected in the near future). It also provides connection to the Internet
through our own VSAT terminals. Its engineering and business practices follow US
norms, where its founders and advisors are from.
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Alaps wireless network is based on IEEE 802.16 standards in the 3.5 GHz
bands, which allows clear and uninterrupted broadband communication. Alap owns
exclusive spectrum license for that band. Its state-of-the-art equipment also allows
communication even when line of sight is obstructed. In the majority of cases no
tower at the customer location is necessary. It is also possible to locate the
antenna inside the office by a window. On one hand its licensed spectrum ensures
interference free communication and on the other hand its Non line of sight avoids
disruptions caused by new buildings constructed in the line of sight.
Chapter 4: Methodology
4.1 Data Source
The work was started on research subject with searching the primary and
secondary sources for data collection on Leadership Styles. The management books
(specially on Leadership) in the library were the main source of secondary data to get
the idea and other relevant information about the leadership styles. For the practical
picture on leadership styles in the organization, we had to conduct a survey as a
primary source for the data collection. Survey is the most common method by which
management can get the information about the relevant topic. In this method, a set of
statement or question is asked to the employees toward their organizational
environment and leadership styles.
4.2 Sample Design
Simple Random Sampling was used in the survey. The population size was
the employees working at Alap Communication Limited situated at Safura Tower,
Kamal Ataturk Avenue, Banani. The sample size was 15 employees. Bases on this
sample size we conducted the survey.
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4.3 Questionnaire Design
In order to identify the leadership style of Alap Communication, we prepared
a survey questionnaire, consisting of 15 questions. The questionnaire was based on
the characteristics of different leadership styles. The rating scale in this survey is such
as from two extreme points like strongly agree and strongly disagree; and between
those two acute points three more points exist holding in an ordered manner.
4.5 Data Analysis
1. The decision making process centralized in the organization
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 11 73.33
Agree 4 27.67
Neutral 0 0
Disagree 0 0
Strongly disagree 0 0
From the above graph it is seen that 73.33% of the employee strongly agreed
with the centralized decision-making process. The rest of them agreed with the
statement. So, from here it can be said that in Alap Communication higher authorities
make decision.
2. In the organization employees are strongly motivated and rewarded
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 5 33.33
Agree 7 46.66
Neutral 3 20.00
Disagree 0 0
Strongly disagree 0 0
From the above chart it can be said that 46.66% employee agreed that they are
strongly motivated and rewarded. Almost 33% strongly agreed with the statement and
the rest were neutral. So, it is clearly stated that employees are highly motivated and
rewarded in Alap Communication.
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3. The decision making process is quick in the organization
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 7 46.66
Agree 6 40.00
Neutral 2 13.33
Disagree 0 0
Strongly disagree 0 0
From the above graph it is clearly seen that 46.66% employee strongly agreed
that decision-making process is quick in the organization. 40% employee agreed with
the statement and the rest were neutral. So, from here it can be said that, the decision-
making process in Alap Communication is quick.
4. Frustration, low moral and conflict develop among the employees in the
organization
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 0 0
Agree 0 0
Neutral 5 33.33
Disagree 8 53.33
Strongly disagree 1 6.66
From the above chart it can be said that 53.33% employee disagreed that they
suffer from frustration, low moral and conflict. 6.66% employee strongly disagreed
with the statement and the rest were neutral. So, from here it can be said that, the
frustration, low moral and conflict do not develop among employees in Alap
Communication.
5. Less individuality and more dependency is seen in the organization
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 0 0
Agree 3 20
Neutral 4 26.66
Disagree 7 46.66
Strongly disagree 1 6.66
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From the above graph it is seen that 46.66% employee disagreed that less
individuality and more dependency is seen in the organization. 6.66% employee
strongly disagreed with the statement and the rest were neutral. So, from here it can
be said that, in Alap Communication the practice of less individuality and more
dependency cannot be seen.
6. In the organization uninformed, insecure and fear ness of leadership are
noticeable
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 0 0
Agree 0 0
Neutral 0 0
Disagree 5 33.33
Strongly disagree 10 66.66
From the above chart it can be said that 66.66% employee strongly disagreed that
uninformed, insecure and fear ness of leadership are noticeable in the organization.
The rest disagreed with the statement. So, from here it is clearly stated, uninformed,
insecure and fear ness of leadership are not noticeable in Alap Communication.
7. Mental and emotional involvement are observed in the organization
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 0 0
Agree 2 13.33
Neutral 4 26.66
Disagree 8 53.33
Strongly disagree 1 6.66
From the above graph it is seen that 53.33% employee disagreed that mental
ane emotional involvement are observed in the organization. 6.66% strongly
disagreed, 26.66% were neutral and the rest agreed with the statement. So, from here
it can be said that mental and emotional involvement cannot be observed in Alap
Communication.
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8. In the organization decisions are made based on suggestions and ideas.
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 3 20
Agree 9 60
Neutral 1 6.66
Disagree 2 13.33
Strongly disagree 0 0
From the above chart it is clearly stated that 60% of the employee agreed that
decisions are made based on suggestions and ideas in the organization. 20% of them
strongly agreed, 13.33% disagreed and the rest were neutral with the statement. So,
from here it is clearly seen that decisions are madder based on suggestions and ideas
in Alap Communication.
9. In the organization leadership is highly productive
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 9 60
Agree 5 33.33
Neutral 1 6.66
Disagree 0 0
Strongly disagree 0 0
From the above graph it can be said that, 60% of the employees strongly agreed
that leadership is highly productive in the organization. 33.33% of them agreed and
the rest were neutral with the statement. So, it is clearly stated that leadership is
highly productive in Alap Communication.
10. The organization is complex in nature
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 0 0
Agree 0 0
Neutral 2 13.33
Disagree 6 40
Strongly disagree 7 46.66
From the above chart it is seen that 46.66% of the employees strongly disagreed
that the organizations nature is complex. 40% of them disagreed and the rest were
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neutral with the statement. So, it can be said that, Alap Communication is not
complex in nature.
11. Subordinates get complete freedom in the organization
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 0 0
Agree 4 26.66
Neutral 3 20
Disagree 7 46.66
Strongly disagree 1 6.66
From the above graph it can be said that 46.66% employee disagreed that
subordinates get complete freedom in the organization. 6.66% of them strongly
disagreed, 20% were neutral and the rest were agreed with the statement. So, it is
clearly stated that, employees do not get complete freedom in Alap.
12. Subordinates perform everything in the organization and manager only
collects information from outsiders
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 0 0
Agree 0 0Neutral 0 0
Disagree 11 73.33
Strongly disagree 4 26.66
From the above chart it is seen that 73.33% employee disagreed that
subordinates perform everything in the organization and manager only collects
information from outsiders. The rest of them strongly disagreed with the statement.
So, it can be said that, the statement is not right for Alap.
13. In the organization independent personality is developed
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 0 0
Agree 2 13.33
Neutral 6 40
Disagree 5 33.33
Strongly disagree 2 13.33
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From the above graph it is stated that, 40% of the employee were neutral about
the development of independent personality in the organization. 33.33% of them
disagreed, 13.33% strongly disagreed and the rest agreed with the statement. So, it
clearly can be said that independent personality does not develop in Alap.
14. Leadership is suitable to certain situation, where group have a choice in the
organization.
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 0 0
Agree 0 0
Neutral 2 13.33
Disagree 8 53.33Strongly disagree 5 33.33
From the above chart it is seen that 53.33% of employees disagreed that
leadership is suitable in certain situation, where group have a choice in the
organization. 33.33% of them strongly disagreed and the rest were neutral with the
statement. So, it can be said that the statement is not right for Alap.
15. Overall leadership process is satisfactory
Options Response Percentage
Strongly agree 5 33.33
Agree 9 60
Neutral 1 6.66
Disagree 0 0
Strongly disagree 0 0
From the above chart it can be said that, 60% of the employee agreed that the
leadership process is satisfactory. 33.33% strongly agreed and the rest were neutral
with the statement. So, it can be clearly stated that the overall leadership process is
satisfactory in Alap.
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Chapter 5: Analysis and Interpretation of the Results
5.1 Data Analysis Techniques
After surveying and filling up the questionnaire by the employees of Alap
Communication, percentages are identified based on their responses. The higher
percentage of responses of each question is matched with the characteristics of
different leadership styles in order to find the appropriate leadership style practiced in
Alap Communication.
5.2 Types of Leadership Styles found in ALAP COM
After analyzing all the data it is seen that Alap Communication is a
centralized decision-making organization but sometimes decisions are made based on
given ideas and suggestions. In this organization employees are strongly motivated
and rewarded. So, they are far most satisfied with the leadership style that saved them
from frustration, low moral and conflict. So, from the characteristics that Alap
follows in leading employees mostly match with the characteristics of autocratic
leadership. But sometimes the characteristics of democratic leadership also can be
found in Alap Communication.
Chapter 6: Conclusion
Leadership is the process of influencing the behavior of others to work willingly
and enthusiastically for achieving predetermined goals. It is an essential ingredient for
successful organization. However, the role of leadership can be fully realized in the
organization only when appropriate leadership pattern is followed.
Alap Communication, as being one of the successful communication companies
in Bangladesh that follows an autocratic leadership style but some democratic
leadership styles characteristics also found in it. Though Alap practices a centralized
decision-making process but sometimes suggestions and ideas are taken form the
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subordinates in order to make decision. Alap also motivates its employees are very
positively as well as they are mostly satisfied with the leadership style of Alap.
Chapter 7: Recommendation
Alap motivates and directs its employees through autocratic leadership style.
Though employees of Alap are satisfied with the leadership style of it but it also
contaminates some lacking in it. So in order to improve the leadership style and to
make it effective the following recommendations can be adopted:
Encourage subordinates to take part in decision-making process
Give freedom to employees in their own working area
Know about the psychology of employees and lead them according to it
Conduct leadership style survey several times in a year so that the managers in
Alap can recognize the employees acceptance.
Identify the lacking of leadership style practiced in Alap and take feedback
from employees.