Mainframe Brief Discussion

Mainframe Administration Material

Console Monitoring: We reply to outstanding message.

There are two types of the message comes in console.1) WTO: Write To Operator – Which will informs to operator to perform some

operation after some time. IEF125I Logged on IEF126I – Logged off IEF403I – Job/subsystem is started. IEF404I Job/subsystem is cancelled. IEE360I – New SMF man dataset is started IEF649I – DD statement exceeds the limit. 2) WTOR: Write To Operator Reply – Which needs immediate attention by operator. IEE362A – One SMF man dataset is filled IEA231A – Buffer shortage.

There are three different types of mode,Roll Delete (RD) Mode: Expect WTOR message rest of the message will be automaticallyrolled and delete.Roll (R) Mode: All the message rolled and deleted automatically.None (N) Mode: If the first ten message generate, we can not see the further happeningmessage, then it hangs system totally, then Buffer shortage will happen, to clear the buffershortage problem we can use this commands.

K To clear the all WTO message.K E, particular line To clear WTOR message of a particular line.K S – To show the current mode.K S,DEL = R,RD,N – To change one mode to another mode.K Q – To clear the WTO and WTOR message.K E,D Erase bottom display area an console.

Display command used in console:

/D R,L Display outstanding request


/D C,L Display Console/D C.B Its display the console buffer/D C,K Display list of Control command operands

SPOOL Monitoring:It contains status and history of the job.

If the job is going in loop we find through TGNUM(Track Group Number), if itexceeds more than three, for eg: TGNUM=4, then job is going in loop, immediately i needto cancel or purge the job. Then user will get S222 abend code for that job. If the job can benot cancelled we can cancel or purge the job with help of ASID. As soon as spool crosses 80% we will get a WTOR message in the console. $hasp050 – Shortage of JES Resource Immediately I will check the job which is using more than 5% of spool area usingcommand /$D jobq,spl=(%>=5) it will display the job which is using more than 5% ofspool area. I will cancel all the development and testing job which is using more spool volume. If it is a production job I will inform to job owner, in mean time, I will also open aticket using service center and closely follow till the job gets over. Still, the production job continuously use the more spool area, I will cancel the joband inform the user.

The other way of Monitoring spool: In SDSF* we have an option H.In option H, we can see all the output and printed job.I will purge the job which is older than n number of days. /$Po jobq,ready,all,a=n


IPL PROCESS

Initial program load is loading of OS from Auxiliary storage to central storageexecuting it.

IPL Internal Process:

IPLable disks contain a bootstrap module at cylinder 0 track 0. At IPL, this bootstrapisloaded into storage at real address zero and control is passed to it.

The bootstrap then reads the IPL control program IEAIPL00 (also known as IPL text)and passes control to it.

IEAIPL00 first It clears central storage to 0 before storage areas for the masterscheduler.

It locates the SYS1.NUCLEUS data set on the SYSRES volume and loads a series ofprograms from it known as IPL Resource Initialization Modules (IRIMs).

IRIMS Read the LOADPARM information entered on the hardware console at the timethe IPL command was executed.

IRIM wills first attempt to locate LOADxx in SYS0.IPLPARM. If this is unsuccessful, itwill look for SYS1.IPLPARM.

Load MVS nucleus.

The last of the IRIMs then loads the first part of the Nucleus Initialization Program(NIP), which invokes the Resource Initialization Modules (RIMs),

• It then communicate with console• initial virtual storage in master scheduler address space• all other routines.• create address space for primary and secondary subsystem.

Three types of IPL start:


Cold Start: Load PLPA but does not preserve vio datasets.Quick Start: Does not reload PLPA and not preserve vio datasets.Warm Start: Does not preserve PLPA , but preserve vio datasets.

IPL Startup Process:

Logon to HMC panel. Goto console action and click start 3270 emulator. In HMC panel, select the group, it will display two icon. CPC and Image. First goto CPC and click CPC name and select the POR in daily activity panel. Goto to HMC panel and select the image and click the image. Select the particular LPAR and click activate in daily activity panel. Start the subsystem

SET SMF=00 ( to activate man dataset it will record the all system in mainframe)

02, WARM, NOREQ

S VTAM (communication between server and terminal)

S TSO ( to share the operating system from terminal)

S TCPIP (connection between server and terminal)

#START DB2

S CICSC001

Shutdown the IPL Process: Before performing IPL shutdown. I will send a message to the TSO user to cancelthe TSO session.


By using /D TS,L or /D A,L it will display currently logged on user. If it zero I willstart to bring subsystem down

C CICSCC001 TO STOP CICS

#STOP DB2 TO STOP DB2

P TCPIP TO STOP TCPIP

P TSO TO STOP TSO

P RMF TO STOP RMF

Z NET,QUICK TO STOP VTAM

C SYSLOGD1 TO STOP SYSLOGD1

$PI TO CANCEL INITIATORS

F BPXOINIT,SHUTDOWN=FORKINIT TO STOP OMVS

$P JES2,TERM TO STOP JES

SET SMF =01

Z EOD ( stores the internal ip/op device error)

Logon to HMC panelo In HMC panel, select the group, it will display two icon. CPC and Image.o First goto image and select the particular LPAR and click deactivate in Daily

Activity Panelo In HMC panel select the CPC and click the CPC recovery in daily activity

panel and click shutdown in daily activity panel.


LPAR can be created through HMC panel and also in PR/SM.

LPAR: Logical partition we can partition the processor according to our requirement.

CPC: Central Processor complex. It consists the setup of central processor and channelsubsystem and storage and hardware.

POR : Power On Reset. It will check the all hardware configuration of mainframe whetherworking properly or not.

JES: Job Entry subsystem – After submission of job, jes will be take care of the job.

There are Six different phases:

Input : After submission of job, job will be placed in jes input queue. Conversion: It will convert to machine readable language by using interpreter. Execution : Depends on the prty of the job, it will execute the job. Output: After the execution of job, it will place job in jes output queue. Hardcopy: After the execution of job, it will directly sent to printer, which will be

specified in msgclass. Purge: We can delete the job for the spool maintenances.

Diff b/w JES2 and JES3:Jes2: Jes3 Decentralized Centralized Prty=15 Prty=14Monoplex SysplexOnly certain operation can be performed All operation can be performed

Single jes3 can control the n number of jes2.

Display command:

/D T display time and date of server.


/D TS, L display list of active user on system,/D J, L display various subsystem in a system./D A,L display active user and active subsystem./D IPLINFO display information about IPL/D SMF display MAN dataset/DD CLEAR, DSN=ALL clear all dumps/D D,T Show dump datasets/D R,L Display outstanding request/D u,TAPE Display status of Tape/D u,DASD Display various DASD active/D XCF Display sysplex name/D M=CPU Display information related to CPU. /D M=CHP Display channel path/D C,L Display Console/D PFK Display key configuration/C U=USERID Cancel TSO session./D OPDATA It display subsystem prefixes./D SSI It display all subsystem/D M=DEV Its display all path to devices.

JES Command

$D INIT Display all initiators $A Release all held jobs $A ' jobname' Release specific job. Quotes required. $C 'jobname' Cancel job or user $DA,ALL Status of all JES2 functions $D ' jobname' Display JES status of job or user $E ' jobname' Restart job after it completes $D spl Display spool ultization and spool volume.$D jobq Display the job queue.$D I display the status initiator.$H A or $H ' jobname' Hold jobs $P ' jobname' Purge a job (including spooled output) $T I3,C=AB Assign job classes for an initiator $DN Display input queues


$DQ Display queues

System Management Facility (SMF)

SMF is mainly used for billing purpose. It records the all the system happening. It consistssystem relate information and job relate information.

Systemrelated SMF records include information about the configuration, paging activity,and workload.

Jobrelated records include information on the CPU time, SYSOUT activity, and data setactivity of each job step, job, APPC/MVS transaction program, and TSO/E session.

SMF Report Generation:Step1: Transfer contents of SMF data sets to another data set (PS) using IFASMPDP utility.Step2: We need to sort the record according to our organization need by using ICETOOLutility.Step3: Using Load utility we need to insert data from dataset to table.Step4: Using FTP, we can convert Table into MS Excel.

SMS:Non SMS Managed volume : While creating the dataset if we mention the volume wherethe dataset should resides.

SMS Managed volume : While creating the dataset if we not mention the volume, it willautomatically allocate in available volume by using ACS Routine.ACS Routine which contains theData Class: Specify Dataset allocation parameter.Storage Class: Availability and Performance.Management Class: Specify Dataset Backup and Migration criteria.Storage Group: A Group of one or more DASD Volumes than SMS uses for data setallocation.


CONTROL DATASETS:Source Control Dataset.Active Control DatasetCommunications DatasetSource Control Dataset. (SCDS) The SCDS contains a set of SMS classes and groups ant translated routines thatimplements specific set of storage management policies.Active Control Dataset. (ACDS) The ACDS is the the system active copy of the current SCDS.When you activate aconfiguration, SMS copies the existing configuration from the specified SCDS into ACDS.Communications Dataset(COMMDS) The COMMDS dataset contains the name of the ACDS and storage group volumesstatistics. Its enables communication between SMS system in a Multiples systemEnvironment.

Backup:Physical Backup: If we want to take backup for entire volume.Logical Backup: If we want to take backup for particular userid which may reside indifferent volume.Restoring: Copying a dataset from tape to DASD.Compress: It is used to compress the all unused space in dataset.Defrag: It is used to compress the all unused space in one side and used space in other side.Release: Onces compress utility is executed, it will release the all the unused space.

Utility: ADRDSSU :Compress, Physical backup, Defragmentation, Logical backup, RestorageIEHINITT : For Tape initialization.ICKDSF : For DASD initialization.

Customization of Parmlib:

1)Handling Spool Shortage:

Permanent :


cpac.parmlib in jes2parm

SPOOLNUM=32 ( we need to increase in value)

Note: If the maximum of 253 spool volumes is exceeded during a cold start, JES2 issues amessage informing the operator that more spool volumes were found than expected from theSPOOLNUM parameter on the SPOOLDEF initialization statement.

Temporary:We can do by three ways:

1) starting the new volume:$S SPL(DSRED1)

2) Holding or Halting the volume:$Z SPL,V=(DSRED9)

3) Purging or Drain:$P SPL(DSRED9)

2) Changing the TSO Timeout:After a period of inactivity, TSO will automatically log a user off.

cpac.parmlib in SMFPRM00

JWT(0030) /* After 30 mins it will automatically log off the session if in inactive.

3) Changing the TSO Maxuser:Maximum user can be use mainframe session in same time.

Permanently:Maxuser value should be changed in all the below Parmlib member.

Sys1.parmlib IEASYS00Cpac.parmlib TSOKEY00Tcpivp.tcpparm PROFILERCpac.vtamlst A0600

Temporarily:


F VTAM,TSO,USERMAX = 600

SMP/E Product installation:Omegamon: Job Monitoring Tool.

1) Download the omegamon Package.2) Create the HFS file and in OMVS directory.3) Transfer the file using FTP, available for the host.4) Update the sample job and install the package5) Unpax using utility(IKJEFT01) means decompress it.6) Gimunzip(transferring wise to mainframe07) Create SMP/E dataset using utility IEFBR148) Create CSI dataset using IDCAMS9) Initialize zpool which is present in sys1.maclib using repro command utility used in

Gimzpool10)Create zones global, target, distribution using utility Gimsmp11)DDDEF we have using Gimsmp12)SMP/E receive command.13)Creation of target & distribution libraries IEFBR14 utility.14)Check with apply command using Gimsmp.15)Then apply Command.

SMP/ESMP/E is a tool designed to manage the installation of software products on your z/OSSystem and to track the modifications you make to those products

There are two types of libraries:

a. Target libraries

Target libraries contain the executable code needed to run your system (for example, thelibraries from which you run your production system or your test system).

b. Distribution libraries

Distribution libraries (DLIBs) contain the master copy of each element for a system.


Types of Symonds.1. Function Symonds.These introduce a new product, a new version or release of a product, or updated functionsfor an existing product into the system.

2. PTFsWhen a problem with software is discovered. IBM supplies customer with tested fix for thatproblem. This will come in form of program temporary fix.

3. APAR Symonds As times you ill find it necessary to correct a serious problem that occur on your systembefore PTF is ready for distribution. Therefore in this circumstance IBM supplied with youauthorized program analysis report.

4. USERMOD SYSMOD This Sysmod can be used to replace or update an element or to introduce a totallynew written event to your system. The USERMOD is created by you to either to modifyIBM code or to add your own code to system.

SYSMODs are composed of two parts:

1. Modification control statements (MCS) : It contains the information about the product.

2. Modification text, which is the object modules, macros, and other elements supplied bythe SYSMOD.

SYSMOD packages.1. CBPDO 2.Serverpac 3.Systempac. 4. Entery Server Offering. 5. Software Excel.

TARGET ZONE:It is used to record information about status and structure of operating system or targetlibraries.


GLOBAL ZONE:Entries needed to identify and describe each target and distribution zone to SMP/E.Information about SMP/E processings.

CSI DATASETSIt contains all information about SMP/E need to track distribution and target libraries.CSI contain entry for each element in its system which describes element name, type,history, how the element was introduced in system.

Receive: It will place sysmod to global zone. Reject: It will clear from the global zone place it back to sysmod. Apply: The content of product in global zone it will place in target zone. Accept: if we are statisfied with product so that we can give accept command and it

will place in distribution zone. Restore: It will clear the target zone and it will take the product from global zone

place into target zone.

Page Dataset: Page dataset is used to transfer the page from auxiliary storage to mainstorage. It is an virtual storage in other terms we can say it is used to auxillary storage andmanaged by Auxiliary Storage Manager (ASM).


As your workload increases, there may be a shortage of auxiliary storage. When the systemdetects 70 percent of space are already in use, it issues the following message:

IRA200E AUXILIARY STORAGE SHORTAGE

The system rejects LOGON, MOUNT, and START commands until the shortage is relieved.If no action is taken, the system issues the following message when 90 percent of allavailable auxiliary storage is in use:

IRA201E CRITICAL AUXILIARY STORAGE SHORTAGE

The solution to this problem is to increase the auxiliary storage byDefining new page dataset and define in IEASYSxx.

Syntax to create page dataset:DEFINE PAGESPACE( FILE(PAGELOC) NAME(PAGE.CPAC.LOCAL3) CYLINDERS(200) VOLUME(DSRED6) )

To relate a newly created page dataset to give the following command

PAGEADD PAGE=PAGE.CPAC.LOCAL3

To view the status of these page dataset issue the following command;

/D ASMIEE200I 02.28.37 DISPLAY ASM 539TYPE FULL STAT DEV DATASET NAMEPLPA 67% OK 0802 PAGE.CPAC.PLPACOMMON 13% OK 0802 PAGE.CPAC.COMMONLOCAL 25% OK 0802 PAGE.CPAC.LOCAL1LOCAL 23% OK 0802 PAGE.CPAC.LOCAL2LOCAL 3% OK 0802 PAGE.CPAC.LOCAL3NO SWAP DATASETS ARE IN USEPROD.LOCAL3AGEADD COMMAND 531


LOGREC: LOGREC will contain information about machine failures such us processorfailures, I/O errors and program error recording etc. These info will be stored in Logrec dataset, this dataset is specified in IEASYSxxParmlib member, Parameter is

LOGREC = SYS1.CPAC.LOGREC To initialize a logrec dataset we are using utility pgm = IFCDIP00

If we are working in multisystem environment each system(LPAR0 should haveunique LOGREC dataset. If LOGREC Dataset reaches 90% then it will through the following message toconsole.IFB080E LOGREC DATA SET NEW FULL, DSN=SYS1.LOGREC

If LOGREC is completely full then it will display time with message.

IFB081I LOGREC DATA SET IS FULL, hh.mm.ss, DSN=SYS1.LOGREC

To clear the LOGREC Dataset we are using utility program = IFCEREP1

RMF:Resource Measurement Facility is mainly used for performance. We can configure and tunethe product according to our organisation need.

RMF has three data gatherers/reporters known as monitors: Monitor I Longterm data collection Monitor II Online snapshot monitoring Monitor III Online shortterm and longterm data gathering.

Its parameter defined in ERBRMFxx member located in SYS1.IBM.PARMLIB. Default isERBRMF00 . Default value for data gathering is one second and for data recording 30minutes.


RACF: Resource Access Control Facility is z/OS security server, it is mainly used forsecurity purpose. And also give the access to protected resource.Major roles function are give the access to protected resource, recording and reporting theaccess attempts.

Profile: RACF stores all the information about the user, group and resources in profile.

User: An individual member can be identified by his unique id and passwordGroup: A Group is collection of RACF User who share common access requirements toprotected resource or who has similar attribute within the system.Resource: Any information stored on computer system such as dataset, terminal andvolume.Dataset : Dataset can be protected using discrete or generic dataset profile.Discrete: one profile used to protect one resources,Generic – one profile used to protect more than one resource.

RACF Database: A RACF Database contain information about all the profile and otherresources defined to RACF.

RACF MODEL: Model is a parameter that specifies the name of the dataset profile to beused as a model for the new dataset profile.

RACF Command:To create userid:ADDUSER mani001 name(Mani) OWNER(ARICH01) SUPGROUP(manigrp)

To list userid:Lu mani001

To Delete the userid:DU mani001

Alter userid:


ALU mani001 name(manivannan)ALU mani001 owner(newowner)ALU mani001 revokeALU mani001 resumeALU mani001 password(thusali) resume

Profile Group:To create Group:AG manigrp supgroup(aricgrp) owner(arich01)To alter Group:ALG manigrp owner(newowner)

To list Group:Lg manigrp

To delete Group:Dg manigrp

Profile connect:COnnect mani001 group(newgrp)Alu mani001 Dfltgrp(newgrp)Remove mani001 group(oldgrp0

Profile Dataset:To Protect the dataset:To define dataset to racf with universal access noneADDSD ‘mani001.**’ UACC(NONE)TO permit dataset to other with access read or updatePERMIT ‘mani001.**’ ACC(READ/UPDATE) ID(babu001)

Alter dataset protection:ALTDSD ‘mani001.**’ acc(read) id(babu001)

List dataset protection:LISTDSD ‘mani001.**’


To delete dataset protection:DELDSD ‘mani001.**’ notify(arich01)

Profile General Database;To list Racf database:RVARY

To switch Racf Database:RVARY SWITCH

To list all classesSETR LIST

To list one particular class and its profile namesRLIST classname *

To list a particular profile namesRLIST classname profilename

To define a class to racf i.e change it from Generic to active classTo protect the class by giving universal access noneRDEFINE classname profilename uacc(none)To permit the class by giving access readPERMIT profilename CL(classname) id(userid) access(read)

To activate the class and not activating the classSetr classact ‘classname’Setr noclassact ‘classname’

To refresh the class after making changesSetr raclist(classname) refresh

To delete class protection:Rdelete classname profilename


To revoke user ids after 4 attempts of wrong password and updating the statisticsabout itSetr password(revoke(4))Setr initstats

To revoke user ids after 60 days of no logon & u updating the statistics about itSetr password(interval(60))Setr initstats

To logon even sfter unlimited wrong password entrySetr password(norevoke)

Catalogs:

A catalog is a z/OS data set that describes other data set attributes and records thelocation of a data set so that the data set can be retrieved without requiring the user tospecify its volume location

All data sets managed by the storage management subsystem (SMS) must be cataloged in anICF catalog.

Types of Catalog:1. Integrated Catalog Facility catalogs.2. Vsam Catalogs.3. OS CVOL (control volume) catalogs.

Advantages. 1. ICF catalogs can be updated faster than VSAM catalogs or OS CVOLS.2. An ICF catalogs can have datasets catalogs on any number of volumes.3. The catalog information that requires most frequent update is physically located in

VVDS on same volume as datasets allowing faster access.4. Maintainability is improved by simpler backup and recovery procedures.


The integrated catalog facility (ICF) catalogAn ICF consists of two different components, one basic catalog structure (BCS) and one ormore VSAM volume data sets (VVDS).

The VVDS can be considered an extension of the volume table of contents (VTOC).

Basic catalog structure (BCS)The basic catalog structure is a VSAM keysequenced data set (KSDS). It uses the data setname as a key to store and retrieve data set information.

.For VSAM data sets, the BCS contains volume, security, ownership, and associationinformation.

For nonVSAM data sets, the BCS contains volume, ownership, and associationinformation.

For nonVSAM data sets that are not SMSmanaged, all catalog information is containedwithin the BCS. For other types of data sets, there is other information available in theVVDS.

Three types of entries in a VVDSOne VSAM volume control record (VVCR)Contains control information about BCSs which havedata sets on this volumeFirst logical record in a VVDSMultiple VSAM volume records (VVR)Contain information about the VSAM data sets onthat volumeContain information about a VSAM data set residing on the volumeNumber of VVRs varies according to the type of data set and the options specified forthe data set Also included are data set characteristics, SMS data, extent information .There is one VVRdescribing the VVDs itself

Multiple nonVSAM volume records (NVR)


Contain information about the nonVSAM data seton that volumeContains SMSrelated informationVVDS is a VSAM entrysequenced data set (ESDS)Data set name: SYS1.VVDS.VvolserCan be defined explicitly or implicitlyCatalogs by functionBy function, the catalogs (BCSs) can be classified as master catalog and user catalog

The master catalogEach system has one active master catalog. One master catalog can be shared betweendifferent MVS images. It does not have to reside on the system residence volume (the onethat is IPLed).The master catalog for a system must contain entries for all user catalogs and their aliasesthat the system uses. Also, all SYS1 data sets must be cataloged in the master catalog forproper system initialization.

Identifying the master catalog for IPLAt IPL, you must indicate the location (volser and data set name) of the master catalog. Thisinformation can be specified in one of two places:SYS1.NUCLEUS member SYSCATxx (default is SYSCATLG) SYS1.PARMLIB/SYSn.IPLPARM member LOADxx. This method is recommended.

Using aliasesAliases are used to tell catalog management which user catalog your data set is cataloged in.First, you place a pointer to an user catalog in the master catalog through the IDCAMSDEFINE UCAT commandTo define an alias, use the IDCAMS command DEFINE ALIAS.

List all ALIAS entries in the master catalog:LISTCAT ALIAS CAT(master.catalog.name)

List a user catalog connector in the master catalog:LISTCAT ENT(user.catalog.name) ALL


List the catalog’s self describing record:LISTCAT ENT(user.catalog.name) CAT(user.catalog.name) ALL

Listing a VSAM or nonVSAM data set:LISTCAT ENT(data.set.name) ALL

Changing the size of BCS or Attribute:1. LOCK THE CATALOG //sysin dd ** ALTER ICFCAT.USER.CHEO8 LOCK

//2. EXPORT BCS WITH EXPORT COMMAND //SYSIN DD * EXPORT ICFCAT.USER.CHE08 OUTFILE (DD1) TEMPORARY/*

3. DELETE BCS WITH RECOVERY OPTION //SYSIN DD * DELETE ICFCAT.USER.CHE08 RECOVERY USERCATALOG/*4. Redefine BCS with desired space and performance attribute

5. IMPORT BCS using import command


Specify INTOEMPTY ON IMPORT COMMAND and also specifies ALIAS so thataliases eporting with catalog are redefined.

6. Also ALTER UNLOCK command.

Defining a catalogYou can use the IDCAMS to define and maintain catalogs. Access method services(IDCAMS).Defining a master catalog or user catalog is basically the same.//DEFCAT JOB.//DEFCAT EXEC PGM=IDCAMS//SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=A//SYSIN DD *DEFINE USERCATALOG (NAME(OTTO.CATALOG.TEST) MEGABYTES (15 15) VOLUME (VSF6S4) ICFCATALOG FREESPACE (10 10) STRNO (3) ) DATA (CONTROLINTERVALSIZE (4096) BUFND (4) ) INDEX (BUFNI(4) ) /*

Defining a BCS with a modelWhen you define a BCS or VVDS, you can use an existing BCS or VVDS as a model for thenew one. The attributes of the existing data set are copied to the newly defined data setunless you explicitly specify a different value for an attribute. You can override any of amodel's attributes.

PARMLIB It is required PDS that contain IBM supplied and installation created members which

contain list of system parameter value. Purpose of parmlib is provide many initializations parameter in prespecified format in

a single dataset and minimize the need for operator to enter parameter.


• LOADxx[SYS1.IPLPARM]:• Contain information about • • IODF dataset • • Master Catalog• SYS1.NUCLEUS(SYSCATxx)• • IEASYMxx• • Concatenated PARMLIB• SYS1.PARMLIB• SYS1.CPAC.PARMLIB• SYS1.IBM.PARMLIB• OthersSMP/E

IEAFIXxx: It contain the name of modules that are fixed in central storage of IPL.PROGxx [CPAC.PARMLIB]:Completes the name of one or more parmlib members (PROGxx) that specify the format andcontents of the APFauthorized library list. PROGxx can specify either a static or dynamicAPF list. A dynamic format allows users to update the APF list at any time during normalprocessing or at IPL. You can specify as many APFauthorized libraries as you need in adynamic APF list; there is no systemimposed maximum number. PROGxx also containsstatements that control the use of installation exits and installation exit routines. You canalso use PROGxx instead of LNKLSTxx to define the LNKLST concatenation and activateit at IPL.

Authorized Program Facility data sets • Dynamic LNKLST • Dynamic Exits

o Exit chaining

APF FORMAT(DYNAMIC)LNKLST ADD NAME(S2838) DSN(SYS1.CSSLIB)EXIT ADD EXITNAME(SYS.IEFACTRT) MODNAME(IEFACTRT)


IFAPRDXX[CPAC.PARMLIB]:Parameters that define a product enablement policy. Product features that support productenablement. The policy list the product and features as well as system environment in whichthey able to run.

IGDSMSXX [SYS1.PARMLIB]:Initialize the Storage Management Subsystem (SMS) and specify the names of the activecontrol data set (ACDS) and the communications data set (COMMDS). Initialization routine to activate sms subsystem (IGDSSIIN).

IKJTSOXX[CPAC.PARMLIB]: For TSO/E, specifies authorized commands and authorized programs, programs thatareauthorized when called through the TSO service facility, commands that may not be issuedinthe background, and defaults for SEND and LISTBC processing.

IEFSSNXX[CPAC.PARMLIB]: Parameters that identify what subsystems are to be initialized.Define static subsystems• ACF2, RACF, or other security package• JES2• DB2• CICS• Subsystem recognition characters

NUCLSTXX[SYS1.PARMLIB]:Specifies members of SYS1.NUCLEUS to be included in, or excluded from, the nucleusregionat IPLtime.Eg. EXCLUDE oldmod INCLUDE newmod


CLOCKXX[SYS1.PARMLIB]:Parameters that control operator prompting to set the TOD clock, specifying the differencebetween the local time and GMT, and ETR usage.

MSTJCLXX[CPAC.PARMLIB]: Contains the master scheduler job control language (JCL) that controls system initializationand processing. You can place the master scheduler jcl in MSTJCLxx module inSYS1.LINLKIB

//JOB//STEP EXEC=IEEMB860,DPRTY=(15,15)//STCIRDR DD SYSOUT=(A,INTRDR)//TSOINRDR DD SYSOUT=(A,INTRDR)//IEFDSI DD DSN=SYS1.PROCLIB,DISP=SHR DD DSN=CPAC.PROCLIB,DISP=SHR DD DSN=SYS1.IBM.PROCLIB,DISP=SHR//SYSUADS DD DSNSYS1.UADS,DISP=SHR

IEASYSXX[SYS1.PARMLIB]:System parameters that are valid responses to the SPECIFY SYSTEM PARAMETERSmessage. Multiple system parameter lists are valid. The list is chosen by the operator SYSPparameter or through the SYSPARM statement of the LOADxx parmlib member.System Attributes– CSA, SQA, PAGE data sets• Pointers to other members– CONSOLxx– PROGxx– LPALSTxx– OMVS

TSOKEYXX[CPAC.PARMLIB]:VTIOC parameters that are used by TSO/VTAM time sharing.Starting TSO/VTAM time sharing activates the terminal control address space(TCAS).


The function of TCAS is to accept the TSO/VTAM logon request ant to create an addressspace for each TSO user .TCAS build TCAS table and insert a parameter value in it. TheVTAM terminal I/O coordinator (VTIOC) INTERFACE between TSO and VTAM.EG. USERMAX=600 DEFAULT=60 MAX NO OF ADDRESS SPACE IN SYSTEMDEFAULT IS 40.

COFVLFXX[SYS1.IBM.PARMLIB]:Allows an authorized program to store named objects in virtual storage managed by VLFand to retrieve these object by name on behalf of users in multiple address spaces. VLF isdesigned primarily to improve performance by retrieving frequently used objects fromvirtual storage rather performing repetitive I/o operations from DASD.TO START VLF START VLF, SUB=MSTR,NN=XX

COFDLFXX[SYS1.IBM.PARMLIB]:Allows a program to store DLF objects that can be shared by many jobs in virtual storagemanaged by Hiperbatch.TO START DLFSTART DLF, SUB=MSTR,NN=XX[SYS1.IBM.PARMLIB]:Allows an installation to list the entry point name or LNKLST libraries that can be refreshedby the MODIFY LLA, UPDATE=xx command. TO START LLALLA=XX command identifies the CSVLLAxx PARMLIB member to be used to build LLAdirectory. This command is issued by the IBMsupplied IEACMD00 parmlib memberduring system initialization.

SMFPRMxx[SYS1.IBM.PARMLIB]: Parameters that define SMF options.System measurement– Tuning– Capacity planning– Problem diagnosis• Exits• Time out for MVS tasks


LPALSTxx[SYS.LPALIB]:List of data sets to be concatenated to SYS1.LPALIB from which the system builds thepageable LPA (PLPA).

CONSOLxx[SYS1.PARMLIB]:Parameters to define an installations console configuration, initialization values forcommunications tasks, the default routing codes for all WTO/WTOR messages that havenone assigned, and the characteristics of the hardcopy message set. CONSOLxx alsocontains parameters that define the hardcopy medium and designate the alternate consolegroup for hardcopy recovery.

LNKLSTxx[SYS1.LINKLIB]:List of data sets to be concatenated to form the LNKLST concatenation.

PFKTABxx[SYS1.PARMLIB]:Parameters contain the definitions for program function key tables (PFK tables).

COMMANDxx[CPAC.PARMLIB]:Commands to be issued by the control program immediately after initialization. JEScommands may not be included. Eg. COM=’SET MPF=00’ COM=’S VLF, SUB=MSTR’ COM=’S DLF, SUB=MSTR’ COM=’S VTAM’ COM=’S SYSLOGD’

BPXPRMxx[CPAC.PARMLIB]:• UNIX System Services • No member starts OMVS in minimal mode• Most parameters can be changed dynamically• Others require IPL • Mount HFS data sets at start up • Specify initialization scrip

DB2 :


It is collection of data. It is mainly used to manage large volume of data.

DB2 has five address space:1) DSNMSTR(System Services) : Support system operation communication &

shutdown.2) DSNDBM01(Database Services) : Support definition, updation and retrieved of DB2

data.3) IRLMPROC(Locking Services) : Internal resource lock manager used for locking

during retrival of concurrent data.4) DSNDIST(Distributed DBservice) – Take care of remote access database located at

different place.5) DSNSPAS : It provides an isolated environment in which to execute stored

procedure.

DB2 catalog It contain information about all of the DB2 objects (table, indexes, views, tablespace,

database and storage).

DB2 Directory: A directory consists of set of db2 table stored in 5 tablespace namely1) Skelton Package Tablespace 2) Skelton Package Tablespace 3) System log rangeTablespace 4) System utilities 5) Database Descriptor.

PCTFREE: Percentage of each page to be left free

FREEPAGE: Number of pages to be loaded with data between each free page

BSDS: It contains the all active and archieve log datasets. During installation of db2, two

BSDS created and kept in different volume.

Active Log Dataset: It records all the happening in db2.


Archieve Log dataset: Copies the content of active log to dasd.

Bufferpool: It is an virtual storage area. If the data is present in bufferpool we can retrieve itfastly.

Types:BP0, BP1, BP2, BP32

Storage Group:It is a set of volumes on dasd these volumes hold dataset.

Database:A set of db2 object i.e. table, index, tablespace and view.

Three types of Tablespace:

Simple Tablespace:A page contain info about more than one table.

Segmented Tablespace: Can contain one or more tables .Tablespace is divided into segments of 4 to 64pages in increments of 4 pages.Each segment is dedicated to single table. A table canoccupy multiple segments

Partitioned Tablespace: Can contain one tableTablespace is divided into parts and each part is put in a separate

VSAM dataset.

Referential Integrity: Mechanism that ensures that data integrity between tables related by primary key and

foreign key.

Primary key: It should be an unique key, using this we can retrieve records of a table.


Foreign key : A primary key of parent table should be normal key of child table.

COMMIT: Signal to db2 subsystem that the transaction has completed successfully andany changes to the database can be completed.

SPUFI: This support online execution of sql statement from a tso terminal.

Mode of lock:S (SHARE) :The lock owner and any concurrent processes can read but cannot change thelocked page.U (UPDATE) : The lock owner can read but not change the locked pageX (EXCLUSIVE) : The lock owner can read or change the locked page.

Isolation levels:CSreleases the lock on page after useRRretains all lock acquired till end of transactions

Migrate DB2 from one release to other version.DUMPCAT utility.

Thread:It is a connection between one subsystem to another subsystem.

Dynamic SQL:During execution of sql statement we can change the value.

Static SQL:During execution of sql statement we can not change the value.

Plan


It is db2 object (produced during the bind process) that associates one or moredatabase request modules with a plan name.

DB2 bindIt is a process that build a access path to DB2 tables

PACKAGES:They contain executable code for SQL statements for one DBRM

Cursor A Cursor is a named structure used to make a set of rows available to a program.Select statement A SELECT statement is an SQL statement that retrieves data from a TABLE orVIEW.

EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN is used to display the access path as determined by the optimizer for a

SQL statement

COPY PENDING A state in which, an image copy on a table needs to be taken, In this status, the table

is available only for queries. You cannot update this table. To remove the COPYPENDING status, you take an image copy or use REPAIR utility.

CHECK PENDING :When a table is LOADed with ENFORCE NO option, then the table is left in

CHECK PENDING status. It means that the LOAD utility did not perform constraintchecking

DB2 online utility:Load: It load the set of data to the table.

Copy: it is used to take backup of the tablespace.

Mergecopy: It merges the full copy and incremental copy.

Reorg:


It is used to release the freespace of the tablespace.

Modify: Delete record of specific age specified in the control card.

Quiesce: Using RBA, we can recover the table which is lost in tablespace.

Runstat: It is used to generate report for the tablespace.

Unlaod: Unload bulk of records from table.

CICS:

CICS: Customer information control system. It is used to convert batch program to online

processing.

Map: Representation of one screen format is called Map(Screen panel)

Types of Map:Physical Map: Map is used for creation of cics region.

Symbolic Map: Map is used by cics application program

Transient Data Queue Temporary Storage Queue1) Data can be read sequentially 1) Data can be read randomly2)While fetching the data it will 2)While fetching the data it willaffect the all data. affect the only the particular data.

CICS resource entries creation:It can be create by two ways:

1) CEDA – Online Program2) DFHCSDUP utility – Batch Program

We need to create :


1) Program id (8 character) 2) Transaction id(4 character) 3) Map id(7 character) 4) File id(8 character) 5) DB2entry(8 character) 6) Queue id(4 character).

Forcing Looping Task:In CEMT I task option panel, we have option Htype, we can identify if the job is going inloop or not.ICWAIT or ZCIOWAIT – job is executed waiting for user input and output.TSAUX – Job is going in loop, we can forcly delete the job with option F.

VSAM : Virtual storage Access Method.

VSAM acts as interface between Operating System and Application Program.It acts as database for application Program.

Entry Sequence Data Sets (ESDS)An ESDS is a sequential file, in which records are retrieved in the order in which they werewritten to the data set and additions are always made at the end of the file. Record can beidentified by a relative byte address or RBA Records in an ESDS may be of variable length.

Relative Record Data Sets (RRDS)RRDS may be inserted, retrieved, updated, and deleted both sequentially and randomly.RRDS can be identified by Relative Record Number. RRDS has only data component. Key Sequenced Data Sets (KSDS)A KSDS can be processed sequentially or randomly. A KSDS consists of two components, adata component and an index component. The data component contains the record and theindex component contains the indexes necessary to access the records. The index componentof a KSDS has two parts: a sequence set and an index set.VSAM ClustersIn VSAM terms, a file is often called a cluster. A cluster is a set of catalog entries thatrepresents a file catalog.

It consists of two components:


a data component, which represents the actual records of a file an index component which represents the indexes for KSDSControl IntervalThe fundamental building block of every component of a VSAM data set is the ControlInterval (CI). It is the unit of data VSAM transfers between virtual and disk storage. The sizeof a CI must be between 512 and 32,768 bytesCI contains Records, Free space, Control Interval Definition Field (CIDF),Record Definitionfield (RDF)

RDF and CIDF RDF 3 bytes long Indicates length of records

CIDF 4 bytes long One per CI Indicates Free space

Control Area (CA) CIs are grouped into CA Can have more than one CA in a VSAM data set Smallest is a TRACK, and the largest is a CYLINDER

JOB CONTROL LANGUAGE

Job Control Language (JCL) • is a control language • used to identify a job to an operating system• and to describe the job’s requirements

The three main types of JCL statements are: JOB It marks the beginning of a job and identifies the job name EXEC It marks the beginning of a job step and specifies the name of the program to be

executed DD It describes data sets to be used within individual steps

Syntax of JOB Statement:


Thereare two types of parameters: Positional parameters Keyword parameters

Positional parameters: Positional parameters are parameters that are characterized by their location.

The two positional parameters for a JOB statement are: Job accounting information:

• Used to bill on any Job that run on mainframe• Identifies account no which will be billed for CPU time

Programmer name:• Identifies the author’s name

Keyword Parameters :

Consisting of a keyword and equal sign and variable information.


CLASS – Some jobs can be short running, some jobs may take more time other may use having resources. CLASS keyword parameter is used to tell to OSabout the nature of job we are submitting. Syntax > CLASS=jobclass

PRTY It is related to CLASS parameter. It assigns priority to jobs which belong to thesame class. Higher number takes precedence over the job with lower number. A job withpriority of 12 will run before a job with priority 5.

Syntax > PRTY=priority

MSGCLASS The MSGCLASS parameter determines the output device to whichsystem messages and JCL messages are written. (or) MSGCLASS specifies the jobscheduler message output class. Syntax > MSGCLASS=outputclassname

MSGLEVEL is used to tell JCL, which messages to be printed in the device specifiedin MSGCLASS parameter.

Syntax > MSGLEVEL=(statements,messages)

STATEMENT 0 Related to job statements only printed 1 jcl will be printed (which includes all cataloged/symbolic parameters) 2 only the input jcl statements being printed

MESSAGES 0 Allocation/termination messages will be printed If job terminates abnormally 1 Allocation/termination messages will be printed regardless of whether the job terminates normally or abnormally.

TYPRUN The TYPRUN parameter is used to specify whether job is to be held untilfurther notice or for syntax checking.

Syntax > TYPRUN=HOLD Job held until further notice TYPRUN=SCAN Check Jcl for syntax checking


CHAPTER2: Abend code :

S013: Member not found

S222 Abend : The job was cancelled because it violated some restriction. No dump was requested.

S322 Abend :The job used more CPU time than it should have. Either the estimate is wrong or the program is in anuncontrollable loop.

S413 Abend :A volume was needed that could not be mounted.

S422 Abend :Too many job steps.

S522 Abend :Job was waiting too long.

S722 Abend :Too many lines of print.

SB37 Abend : Insufficient secondary space.

SD37 Abend :Insufficient primary space.

SE37 Abend :Insufficient disk space. the maximum number of extents would be exceeded. For instance, whenexceeding 16 extents of a PDS. An E37 on tape datasets is most often caused when the number of requested volumes isexceeded. The default is 5, therefore a request for the sixth volume will fail with a E37.

Documents

Mainframe Brief Discussion