Maize project Slides.pptx

8/16/2019 Maize project Slides.pptx

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CAT4100 PRECISION AGRICULTURE

Project: Soil Analysis of Maize

in ‘Ladang Kongsi 2’

MOHD AMIN ROSLEE S18247

ROZAIDEE ZAINUL S18248

SHEREALYN ELEONA S18256

DIANA GABRIELLA S18334

Lecturer: Dr. Ong Kian Huat


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INTRODUCTION

• Is an annual crop plant belong

to grass family

• Known as monoecious plant

• Is a tall plant with fibrous root

system

• Is a valuable food crop that isconsumed as staple food

around the world.

(Smith and Hamel, 1999)


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• Requires high temperature for growth

(Balasubramaniyan and Palanippan, 2004)

• Need soil with pH range from 5. to !.

• Is slightly sensitive to salinity

• Is not drought tolerance and low soil water is a problem

for mai"e

• Need 5mm to #$mm rainfall as an optimum range

(Stephanie and Christine, 2008)


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• Is an important cereal being cultivated after rice and wheat.

• %ontain !& carbohydrate' #& protein' (.5& fiber' $& mineral'

vitamin ) and iron.

(Oladejo and Adetunji, 2!2"

• *sed as animal feeds and as succulent fodder .

(#alasu$ra%aniyan and Palania&&an, 2'"

• *sed as raw materials in industries such as alcohol'

pharmaceuticals' te+tile' organic chemicals' cosmetics' paper and

edible oil.

(ony, 2)"


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O#*+-.+

,he ob-ective of these pro-ect are

• ,o investigates the nutrient deficiency in the

mai"e crop by using soil analysis.

•,o propose a suggestion to improve theproductivity of mai"e crop using precision

agriculture method.


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M+/O0OLO1

Site descriptin

• located at /adang Kongsi 0ua.

• ,he coordinates is 1(2#$3$4.(6N' ##(27355.77689

• ,he research site is a :ai"e crop plot.

• Research site located at first mai"e plot

which mar;ed with yellow tag.


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Table 1: Position of research site on Google earth software

(Source: Google Earth)


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EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

• ,he selection of the plot has been decided and each

group choose one of the plot provided.

• ,he plot has been divided into a several section basedon a parameter.

#. ?hort @ellow

$. ,all Areen

(. ,all @ellow

7. ?hort Areen


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• ,he mai"e' were then harvested from the plot.

• 8ach of harvested mai"e were classified based on theirparameter. ,he mai"e then were weighed and the data was

recorded


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SOIL ANALYSIS

• ,he soil sample was ta;en in every parameter within

the plot.

• =bout three replication were ta;en in each

parameter by using an auger.

• ,he soil then were dried up' combined to become

composite sample.• ,he soil then were proceed to soil analysis for

detection of


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• ,otal Nitrogen by using K-eldahl method

(Bremner, 19!0)"

• ,otal available phosphorus using double acid

method 0ilute H%/ B H$?C7 :ehlich No.# or

0ouble acid method (#elsn, $ehlich, %

&inters, 19')


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3+S4L

Zo! A Zo! B Zo! C Zo! D

"

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

tal # in sil (*+,ha)

,otal N in soil 1;gDha9


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6.#

7

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

tal P in sil (*+,ha)

,otal < in soil 1;gDha9


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Zo! A Zo! B Zo! C Zo! D"

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Cmparisn - ttal # and ttal P (*+ha)

,otal N ,otal <


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.ne /rea(m2 )

/ailable# (*+ha)

talde-icient

in #

(*+ha)

tal ureaadded(*+ha)

tal ureaadded

accrdin+

t area -ne (*+)

Eone = (5.7$ 7.F! !5.44($ #!F.47 .FF$#

Eone ) #(.4 5.#44F !7.!7 #!7.(5 (.$5!

Eone % 44.4 #.4$(F !!.F7 #4#.7 #.4#$!

Eone 0 #(.#F F.F7$ !(.(5$! #!#.$ .$(!5


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.ne /rea(m2 )

/ailableP (*+ha)

talde-icient

in P(*+ha)

tal SPadded(*+ha)

tal SPadded

accrdin+t area -

ne(*+)

Eone = (5.7$ .7$ $.5! 54.4F .$#$7

Eone ) #(.4 .7F $.5$7 54.!( #.77

Eone % 44.4 .$$F! $.($ F.(! .F($

Eone 0 #(.#F .#75F $.!577 F.55 .4


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.ne tal cbs &ei+ht -

cbs (*+)

Eone = $F !

Eone ) ! (#.$5

Eone % #( $.5

Eone 0 # .(5

OAL A50 6+-1/ O7 O#SO#A-5+0 AS -+L0


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0-S4SS-O5• ,here have differences in "oning and the yield production of

mai"e crop.

• ,he hi+hest ei+ht - yield is ne B which is 1"2' *+.

• ,he lest "one for the weight of yield production is ne 3

which is 0"' *+.

• ,he ne B shows the highest yield because the crops are tall

and +reen.

• ,he ne 3 consist of shrt and +reen mai"e crop that shows

the mai"e growth was stunted and low in productivity.


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Zo! A Zo! B Zo! C Zo! D"

2"

4"

6"

8"

1""

12"

14"

otal 5 content

To$%& N 'o$!$

G(%)*+ +*o,- $o$%& o/ N-$(o! - +o-& %''o(0- $o o!


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0-S4SS-O5

• ,he hi+hest ttal nitr+en in the soil is .ne 3

which is 118"0 m+*+.

• Eone 0 consist of short and green mai"e crop.

• ,he lest ttal nitr+en in the soil is .ne C

which is 4"' m+*+.

• Eone % consist of tall and yellowish mai"e crop.

• ,he difference in physical appearance of mai"e crop

1crop status9 is affected by total nitrogen in soil.


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12.4

12.5

12.6

12.7

12.8

12.#

13

13.1

13.2

13.3

13.4

otal P content

To$%& P 'o$!$

G(%)*+ +*o,- $o$%& o/ P*o+)*o(+ - +o-& %''o(0- $o o!.


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0-S4SS-O5

• .ne B has the hi+hest total available < which is

1"' m+*+.

• ,he weight of yield is high because the supply of

phosphorus is efficient.

• =dequate growth because sufficient phosphorus

supply.

• ,he lest total < is .ne 3 which is 12"! m+*+.

• /ow supply of < fertili"er and the yield become low.


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3+OMM+50A-O5

8one A%ount of fertiliser re9uired (5"

A 186.#4*% (!%

I 35.422 ".6621 (!%

B 184.35*% (!%

I 173.#2 3.2"58 (!%

C 1#1.47*% (!%

I ##.#2 1.#128 (!%

D 181.2"*% (!%

I 13.162 ".2385 (!%

N fertilizer (Urea = 46% N)


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• ,he nitrogen is very important in crop growth.

• ,he availability of nitrogen strongly affects both

the potential leaf area e+pansion rate and light use

efficiency (Sinclair and Hrie, 19895 6hart and

/ndrade, 199').

• ?o' we suggest urea -ertilier applicatin in

mai"e farm.


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.ne /munt - -ertilier re7uired (P)

= 54.4F;gDha ,?<

(5.7$m$ G .$#$7;g ,?< need to add.

) 54.!(;gDha ,?<

#(.4m$ G #.77;g ,?< need to add.

% F.(!;gDha ,?<

44.4m$ G.F($;g ,?< need to add.

0 F.55;gDha ,?<

#(.#Fm$ G.4;g ,?< need to add.

Triple sperphosphate = 46% P


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• ?uboptimal phosphorus availability is a primary

limitation to plant growth (anceet al

", 200).• ,ropical soils =sia has phosphorus availability

limited by low total phosphorus content as well as

high phosphorus +ation (Sanche and 6ehara,

1980).

• e recommended the fertiliser application basedon parameter given above.

R - &-


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R!(!++-o &-!$o$%& N %%-+$ -!&09

3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" #" 1"" 11" 12" 13""

5

1"

15

2"

25

3"

35

/:9 ; ".23: < 35."6R= ".3

otal 5, %g;g

ield ,;g

R - &-


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R!(!++-o &-!$o$%& P %%-+$ -!&09

12.7 12.8 12.# 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4"

5

1"

15

2"

25

3"

35

/:9 24.##: ; 3"#.74

R= ".21

otal P,%g;g

ield,;g


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O5L4S-O5

• In conclusion' by using soil analysis in

nutrient deficiency investigation technique

can be put to consideration in corn

productivity for future purposes.


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APPENDICES


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:;::#C:S

• )alasubramaniyan' !(.

• ,ony' . $F. Arowing ood = guide to food production. ?pringer' ,he

Netherlands. ##!.


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• )remner' L. 1#4F9. 0etermination of nitrogen in soil by the K-eldahl method.

,he Lournal of =gricultural ?cience. Retrieved from

httpDD-ournals.cambridge.orgDabstractM?$#!54F$#5$

• Nelson' .' :ehlich' =.' inters' 8. 1#45(9. ,he development' evaluation'

and use of soil tests for phosphorus availability. =gronomy. Retrieved from

httpsDDscholar.google.comDscholarO

qGmehlichB#BmethodBforBphosphorusbtnAGhlGenasMsdtG&$%5P#


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Documents

Maize project Slides.pptx