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8/11/2019 MajChoh What FSM Needs to Know Abt Means of Escape
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What FSM needs to know
about means of escape
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Scope
Introduction
What is means of escape
What you need to know
Conclusion
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What is
Means of Escape ?
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Means of Escape
A continuous and unobstructed way of travelfrom any point in a building or structure to anexternal space, consisting of three parts:
Part I: The exit access
Part II: The exit
Part III: The exit discharge
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Part I
Exit Access
- That portion of a means of egress that leads to an exit
Eg. The part within the functional room spaces to the exitstaircase/area of refuge.
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Part II : Exit
That portion of a means of egress that is separated from allother spaces of a building or structure by construction orequipment as required to provide a protected way of travel tothe exit discharge.
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Part IIIExit discharge:
- That portion of means of egress between the termination ofan exit and a public way
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Part IThe Exit Access
Part IIThe Exit
Discharge
Part III
The Exit Discharge
Means of Escape
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Means of Escape
What you need to know
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Provision of sufficientexits in building
Exit capacity & Occupant load
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What is occupant load ?
- The total number of persons that could beaccommodated in all spaces on a storey of thebuilding.
- Calculated on a storey by storey basis
What is exit capacity ?
- The capacity of exits provided for the storey of
building
Exit Capacity > Occupant Load
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Illustration of occupant load and exit capacity
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When you need to monitor the
occupant load When there is change of use, FSM to update the
occupant load of the floor involves
FSM should maintain updated occupant load andexit capacity of every storey
Obtain the updated occupant load from QP
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Why you need to monitor occupant
load and exit capacity- Can provide an updated and accurate
occupant load for QP to calculate the newoccupant load
- Able to advise prospective tenant andmanagement on possibility of change of use
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Example
Calculation ofOccupant load
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D3
D4
Staircase A
Staircase B
Restaurant
office
office
Office
Office
Preparationarea
Stage
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PROPOSAL:
OCCUPANT LOAD CALCULATION FOR 2ND STOREY
Item No. Usages Floor Area (m 2)
Area ofoccupied floor
spaceper person
(m 2) No of persons Remarks
1 ANCILLARY OFFICE 46.82 10 5
2 Restaurant 425 1.5 284
3 PREPARATION AREA 20.82 3 7
TOTAL 492.64
Total 256
ERECTION OF A 5-STOREY ASSOCIATION BUILDING CUM COMMUNITY HALL / ANCILL ARY OFFICE DEVELOPMENT ON LOTS 7116 &98827 MK 24 AT NO.11 & 13 LORONG 35 GEYLANG
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Exit Capacity
To base on calculation submitted by QP
- main building plans submission
* Exit capacity > Occupant load
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Identificationof
exit staircase
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Staircase serving all buildings
- To facilitate fire fighting operations
- To alleviate any fear of disorientation
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Exit Staircase
Signage not smaller than 300 x 300mm
- within the stairwell at each storey landing
Signage shall contain the following:
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Signage shall contain the following:
- Storey number (at least 125mm in height)
- Identification of staircase in alphabetical and/or numeric (atleast 25mm in height)
- Signage shall be visible when the door is in open position toany person moving up or down the staircase
- Letters and numbers may be of any colour that contrast withthe background colour
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Fire Escape Plan
- For public occupants and fire fighters in case of fire
- To place at common areas
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Smoke Stop Lobby/Fire
Fighting Lobby
Smoke Stop Lobby
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Smoke Stop Lobby
A lobby located at the entrance to an exit staircase to help toprevent or minimise the entry of smoke into the staircase. Thesize of the lobby shall not be smaller than 3 sq m.
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Fire Fighting Lobby A smoke-stop lobby which is adjacent to a fire lift and designatedfor use by the fire fighting team during an emergency. The lobbyshall not be used for any other purposes and the size of the lobbyshall not be smaller than 6 sq m and with no dimension smallerthan 2m.
3m
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Exit Staircase
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Exit staircase
Exit Staircase
Fire Rated Door
The fire rated door to the exit staircase cannot be altered No combustible material in the exit staircase
Natural ventilation opening for exit staircase
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Natural ventilation opening for exit staircase
Openings for natural ventilation opening shall maintainopen at all times
R ith t l d di g
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Rooms with occupant load exceeding
50 persons
Doors for rooms with occupant load exceeding 50 persons shall swing in thedirection of escape
Electromagnetic door opening into the common corridor
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Electromagnetic door opening into the common corridor
Only need to :- Install with manual overriding device- install with fail-safe device
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Means of Escape
- Fire Hazard
Fire Door
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Keep fire door close at all timeFire Door
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Exit door/Exit Access Door
The rear exit door will belocked from 10.30 pm to6 am during weekdaysand Saturday, and whole
day on Sunday and publicholiday.
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Exit Staircase
Nothing should beplaced in the exitStaircase
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Obstruction along corridor
Corridor designated for escape shall be cleared of anyobstruction
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Conclusion
- Architect/Professional Engineer designsmeans of escape to comply with fire coderequirements
- It is important for building owner with theassistance of FSM to ensure that the fire safetyprovisions are maintained at all times