Makalah Biokimia Karbohidrat Kelompok 3 Div b Analis Kesehatan

7/26/2019 Makalah Biokimia Karbohidrat Kelompok 3 Div b Analis Kesehatan

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MAKALAH BIOKIMIA

METABOLISME KARBOHIDRAT

OLEH

LALU NUGRAHA DWI SAPUTRA

MAULIA HARDIANTI

MAULINA NOVA YANTI

MUSTIKA DEWI

NI KADEK AYUSAWITRI

NI KADEK RATIH SATIWA P.

NURFEMI SETIAWATI

NURULAZMI PETRUS NURMAN F.

PRADINI RESTU W.

PUTU ANGGI WIDIA K.

PUTU DESY ANGGRAENI

R RIAN JAYA K.

RANI MARDYANTI H.

RIADUN NUPUS

RIZKIKA ARIANI S.

ROMI ADIPRANATA

SILVI MAHELGA SITI NURLIA RAMDHANI

TYAS JUMRATUL AIMAN

UMMU FATIHAH A.

WIWIN SAFITRI

YOSSI PAHLEVI D.

YUNITA ASTARINI

YUYUN SUKMA


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3/16


4/16

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar belakang masalahSalah sa! "#$!!ha% !a&a &a"hl!" h'(!) a(alah &a"a%a%.

Ma"a%a% *!)a"a% $aha% !a&a +a%, "'a $!!h"a% !%!"

%,has'l"a% #%#*,' ,!%a la"sa%a"a% s#&!a a"'-'as h'(!).

P#*!$aha% &a"a%a% %a(' #%#*,'/ #%! #*a(' (ala& s#l

s#$a,a' s!a! sa!a% 0!%,s'1%al (a% s*!"!*al #*"#2'l +a%,

%+!s!% !$!h &a"hl!" h'(!).Dala& &a"hl!" h'(!)/ s#l *!)a"a% !%' )#%+!s!% #*"#2'l. D'

(ala& s#l #*s#$!lah #*a(' a"'-'as )#*!$aha% *#a"s'3*#a"s'

!%!" %,has'l"a% #%#*,+ +a%, ('$!!h"a% 1l#h &a%!s'a.

M#a$1l's a(alah s!a! )*1s#s )#*!$aha% *#a"s' "'&'a +a%,

#*a(' (' (ala& !$!h. M#a$1l's #*('*' (a*' )#&$#%!"a%

&a"a%a% 4a%a$1l's (a% !,a )#%,!*a'a% &a"a%a% %a('

s#%+a6a +a%, l#$'h s#(#*ha%a 4"aa$1l's. P#%'%,%+a )*1s#s

a$1l's (ala& !$!h $#*)#%,a*!h )#%'%, )a(a "#s#haa%.

Ka*#%a ('(ala&%+a %+a%,"! 1*,a%31*,a% +a%, ('a('"a%

#&)a s'% !%!" &$a%! %,!*a'"a% s#%+a6a3s#%+a6a

"1&)l#"s 4"a*$1h'(*a/ l#&a"/ (a% )*1#'%5 s#)#*' la&$!%,/ !s!s

hal!s/ ha'/ (a% )a%2*#as.B#*(asa*"a% !*a'a% (' aas/ hal '%'lah +a%, %(1*1%, )#%!l's

!%!" &$!a &a"alah +a%, $#*!(!l a$1l's "a*$1h'(*a/

l#&a"/ (a% )*1#'%.1.2 Rumusan masalah

R!&!sa% &asalah (ala& )#%!l'sa% &a"alah '%' a(alah s#$a,a'

$#*'"!78. A)a +a%, ('&a"s!( (#%,a% a$1l's:. Ba,a'&a%a )*1s#s aa$1l's "a*$1h'(*a9;. B#*a)a"ah !&lah "al1*' +a%, ('has'l"a% (a*' a$1l's

"a*$1h'(*a91.3 Tujuan enul!san

T!!aa% )#%!l'sa% &a"alah '%' a(alah s#$a,' $#*'"!78. U%!" %,#ah!' )#%,#*'a% a$1l's&.:. U%!" %,#ah!' )*1s#s a$1l's "a*$1h'(*a.


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;. U%!" %,#ah!' !&lah "al1*' +a%, ('has'l"a% (a*' )*1s#s

a$1l's.

BAB II

PE"BAHA#AN

2.1 De$n!s! %arb&h!'ratS#2a*a !&!& (#


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l#&a" &a!)!% )*1#'%. Ka*$1h'(*a $a%+a" ('#&!"a% )a(a

s#*#al'a 4$#*as/ ,a%(!&/ a,!%,/ "#%a%, (a% s#$a,a'%+a5/ s#*a

)a(a $''3$''a% +a%, #*s#$a* l!as (' ala& 4H!a,al!%,/ :==>5.

2.2 (alur "etab&l!sme %arb&h!'ratT#*(a)a $#$#*a)a al!* a$1l's "a*$1h'(*a +a'!

,l'"1l's's/ 1"s'(as' )'*!-a/ s'"l!s asa& s'*a/ ,l'"1,#%#s's/

,l'"1,#%1l's's s#*a ,l!"1%#1,#%#s's. S#2a*a *'%,"as/ al!*3al!*

a$1l's "a*$1h'(*a ('#las"a% s#$a,a' $#*'"!78. Gl!"1sa s#$a,a' $aha% $a"a* !a&a a$1l's a"a% %,ala&'

,l'"1l's's 4(')#2ah5 %a(' : )'*!-a '"a #*s#('a 1"s',#%. Dala&

aha) '%' ('has'l"a% #%#*,' $#*!)a ATP.:. S#la%!%+a &as'%,3&as'%, )'*!-a ('1"s'(as' %a(' as#'l K1A.

Dala& aha) '%' ('has'l"a% #%#*,' $#*!)a ATP.;. As#'l K1A a"a% &as!" "# al!* )#*s'&)a%,a% +a'! s'"l!s asa&

s'*a. Dala& aha) '%' ('has'l"a% #%#*,' $#*!)a ATP.>. J'"a s!&$#* ,l!"1sa $#*l#$'ha%/ l#$'h' "#$!!ha% #%#*,' "'a

&a"a ,l!"1sa '(a" (')#2ah/ la'%"a% a"a% ('*a%,"a' %a('

)1l'* ,l!"1sa 4('s#$! ,l'"1,#%5. Gl'"1,#% '%' ('s'&)a% (' ha'

(a% 11 s#$a,a' 2a(a%,a% #%#*,' a%,"a )#%(#". J'"a "a)as'as

)#%+'&)a%a% ,l'"1,#% s!(ah )#%!h/ &a"a "a*$1h'(*a ha*!s

('"1%-#*s' %a(' a*'%,a% l')'( s#$a,a' 2a(a%,a% #%#*,' a%,"a

)a%a%,.. J'"a #*a(' "#"!*a%,a% ,l!"1sa (a*' ('# s#$a,a' s!&$#* #%#*,'/

&a"a ,l'"1,#% (')#2ah %a(' ,l!"1sa. S#la%!%+a ,l!"1sa

%,ala&' ,l'"1l's's/ (''"!' (#%,a% 1"s'(as' )'*!-a sa&)a' (#%,a%s'"l!s asa& s'*a.

. J'"a ,l!"1sa (a*' ('# a" #*s#('a (a% 2a(a%,a% ,l'"1,#%)!% !,a

ha$'s/ &a"a s!&$#* #%#*,' %1% "a*$1h'(*a +a'! l')'( (a% )*1#'%

ha*!s (',!%a"a%. Jal!* '%' ('%a&a"a% ,l!"1%#1,#%#s's

4)#&$#%!"a% ,l!"1sa $a*!5 "a*#%a ('a%,,a) l')'( (a% )*1#'%

ha*!s ('!$ah %a(' ,l!"1sa $a*! +a%, s#la%!%+a %,ala&'

"aa$1l's !%!" &)#*1l#h #%#*,'.


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Ga&$a* al!* a$1l's "a*$1h'(*a

2.2.1)l!k&l!s!sGl'"1l's's a(alah *a%,"a'a% *#a"s' "'&'a )#%,!*a'a%

,l!"1sa 4+a%, &'l'"' a1& ?5 %a(' asa& )'*!-a

4s#%+a6a +a%, &'l'"' ; a1& ?5/ NADH/ (a% ATP. Gl'"1l's's

&'l'"' s'0a3s'0a/ a%a*a la'%7 ,l'"1l's's (a)a $#*la%,s!%,

s#2a*a a#*1$ &a!)!% a%a#*1$/ ,l'"1l's's l'$a"a% #%@'&

ATP (a% ADP/ s#*a )#*a%a% ATP (a% ADP )a(a ,l'"1l's's

a(alah &'%(ah"a% 4%*a%s0#*5 01s0a (a*' &1l#"!l +a%,

sa! "# &1l#"!l +a%, la'%. Pa(a s#l #!"a*'1'"/ ,l'"1l's's

#*a(' (' s'1)las&a 4s'1s1l5. Gl'"1l's's #*a(' lal!' 8=

aha)a% +a%, #*('*' (a*' aha)a% )#%,,!%aa% #%#*,' (a%

aha)a% )#l#)asa% #%#*,'. B#*'"! '%' *#a"s' ,l'"1l's's s#2a*a

l#%,"a)7

8. )luk&sa %,ala&' 01s01*'las' %a(' gluk&sa*+ ,&s,at

(#%,a% ('"aal's'* 1l#h #%@'& heks&k!nase aa! gluk&k!nase

)a(a s#l )a*#%"'& ha' (a% s#l P!la! La%,#*ha%s )a%2*#as. ATP

(')#*l!"a% s#$a,a' (1%1* 01s0a (a% $#*#a"s' s#$a,a' "1&)l#"s


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M,3ATP. Sa! 01s0a $#*#%#*,' '%,,' (',!%a"a%/ s#h'%,,a has'l%+a

a(alah ADP. (-1P)

M,:

Gl!"1sa ATP ,l!"1sa 301s0a ADP

:. )luk&sa +*,&s,at ('!$ah %a(' -rukt&sa +*,&s,at (#%,a%

$a%!a% #%@'& ,&s,&heks&sa !s&merase. E%@'& '%' ha%+a

$#"#*a )a(a a%1* 3,l!"1sa 301s0a.

3D3,l!"1sa 301s0a3D30*!"1sa 301s0a

;. -rukt&sa +*,&s,at ('!$ah %a(' -rukt&sa 1+*b!,&s,at

(#%,a% $a%!a% #%@'& ,&s,&,rukt&k!nase. ATP %a(' (1%1*

01s0a/ s#h'%,,a has'l%+a a(alah ADP.(-1P)

3D30*!"1sa 301s0a ATP D30*!"1sa 8/3$'01s0a

>. -rukt&sa 1+*b!,&s,at (')#2ah %a(' gl!serah'eh!' 3*

,&s,at (a% '!h!'r&ks! aset&n ,&s,at. R#a"s' '%' ('"aal's'* 1l#h

#%@'& al'&lase 40*!"1sa 8/3$'01s0a al(1las#5.

D30*!"1sa 8/3$'01s0a D3,l's#*al(#h'( ;301s0a

('h'(*1"s'as#1% 01s0a

. )l!seral'eh!' 3*,&s,at (a)a $#*!$ah %a(' '!h!'r&ks!

aset&n ,&s,at (a% s#$al'"%+a 4*#a"s' '%#*"1%-#*s'5. R#a"s'

$1la"3$al'" '%' %(a)a"a% "aal'sa1* #%@'& ,&s,&tr!&sa

!s&merase.

D3,l's#*al(#h'( ;301s0a('h'(*1"s'as#1% 01s0a

. )l!seral'eh!' 3*,&s,at ('1"s'(as' %a(' 13*b!,&s,&gl!serat

(#%,a% $a%!a% #%@'& gl!seral'eh!' 3*,&s,at 'eh!'r&genase.

D!h!'r&ks! aset&n ,&s,at $'sa ('!$ah %a(' ,l's#*al(#h'( ;3

01s0a &a"a !,a ('1"s'(as' %a(' 8/;3$'01s01,l's#*a.

D3,l's#*al(#h'( ;301s0a NAD P '8/;3$'01s01,l's#*a NADH

H

A1&3a1& h'(*1,#% +a%, ('"#l!a*"a% (a*' )*1s#s 1"s'(as' '%'

(')'%(ah"a% "#)a(a NAD+a%, #*'"a )a(a #%@'&. Pa(a *a%a'


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*#s)'*as' &'1"1%(*'a a"a% ('has'l"a% ',a 01s0a $#*#%#*,' '%,,'.

4;P5

?aaa%7

Ka*#%a ,rukt&sa 1+*b!,&s,at /ang mem!l!k! + at&m 0

(')#2ah %a(' )l!seral'eh!' 3*,&s,at 'an '!h!'r&ks!

aset&n ,&s,at +a%, &as'%,3&as'%, mem!l!k! 3 at&m 0/ (#%,a%

(#&'"'a% #*$#%!" : &1l#"!l ,!la +a%, &as'%,3&as'%, $#*a1&

? ',a 4*'1sa5. J'"a &1l#"!l ('h'(*1"s'as#1% 01s0a !,a $#*!$ah

%a(' 8/;3$'01s01,l's#*a/ &a"a (a*' 8 &1l#"!l ,l!"1sa )a(a

$a,'a% a6al/ sa&)a' (#%,a% aha) '%' a"a% %,has'l"a% : ;P

P. (+6P)

. Pa(a 13 b!,&s,&gl!serat/ 01s0a )1s's' 8 $#*#a"s' (#%,a% ADP

%a(' ATP ('$a%! #%@'& ,&s,&gl!serat k!nase. S#%+a6a s'sa

+a%, ('has'l"a% a(alah 3*,&s,&gl!serat.

8/;3$'01s01,l's#*a ADP;301s01,l's#*a ATP

?aaa%7

Ka*#%a a(a (!a &1l#"!l 8/;3$'01s01,l's#*a/ &a"a #%#*,' +a%,

('has'l"a% a(alah : 8P :P. (+2P)

. 3*,&s,&gl!serat ('!$ah %a(' 2*,&s,&gl!serat (#%,a%

$a%!a% #%@'& ,&s,&gl!serat mutase.

;301s01,l's#*a:301s01,l's#*a

. 2*,&s,&gl!serat ('!$ah %a(' ,&s,&en&l !ruat PEP4

(#%,a% $a%!a% #%@'& en&lase. En&lase '!hambat &leh

5u&r!'e. E%@'& '%' $#*,a%!%, )a(a M,: aa! M%:.

:301s01,l's#*a01s01#%1l )'*!-a H:O

8=. F1s0a )a(a PEP $#*#a"s' (#%,a% ADP %a(' ATP (#%,a%

$a%!a% #%@'& !ruat k!nase. En&l !ruat +a%, #*$#%!"

('"1%-#*s' s)1%a% %a(' ket& !ruat.

F1s01#%1l )'*!-a ADP )'*!-a ATP

?aaa%7


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Ka*#%a a(a : &1l#"!l PEP &a"a #*$#%!" : &1l#"!l #%1l )'*!-a

s#h'%,,a 1al has'l #%#*,' )a(a aha) '%' a(alah : 8P :P.

(+2P)

11. J'"a a" #*s#('a 1"s',#% anaer&b4/ a" #*a(' *#1"s'(as' NADH

lal!' )#&'%(aha% !%s!* #"!'-al#% )#*#(!"s'. P!ruat a"a%

('*#(!"s' 1l#h NADH %a(' laktat (#%,a% $a%!a% #%@'&

laktat 'eh!'r&genase.

P'*!-a NADH HL453La"a NAD

Dala& "#a(aa% aer&b/ !ruat &as!" &'1"1%(*'a/ lal!

('"1%-#*s' %a(' aset!l*%&A/ s#la%!%+a ('1"s'(as' (ala&

s!klus asam s!trat%a(' 062.

K#s'&)!la%7

Pa(a ,l'"1l's's a#*1$/ #%#*,' +a%, ('has'l"a% #*'%2' s#$a,a' $#*'"!7

- has'l '%,"a s!$s*a 7 >P

- has'l 1"s'(as' *#s)'*as' 7 P

- !&lah 78=P

- ('"!*a%,' !%!" a"'0as' ,l!"1sa (a% 0*!"1sa P 7 3 :P

P

Pa(a ,l'"1l's's a%a#*1$/ #%#*,' +a%, ('has'l"a% #*'%2' s#$a,a' $#*'"!7

- has'l '%,"a s!$s*a 7 >P

- has'l 1"s'(as' *#s)'*as' 7 =P

- !&lah 7 >P

- ('"!*a%,' !%!" a"'0as' ,l!"1sa (a% 0*!"1sa P 7 3 :P

:P

Ga&$a* Jal!* Gl'"1l's's

2.2.2 )l!k&genes!sTaha) )#*a&a a$1l's "a*$1h'(*a a(alah

)#aha% ,l!"1sa 4,l'"1l's's5 %a(' )'*!-a. S#la%!%+a

)'*!-a ('1"s'(as' %a(' as#'l K1A. A"h'*%+a as#'l K1A

&as!" "# (ala& *a%,"a'a% s'"l!s asa& s'*a !%!"

('"aa$1l's'* %a(' #%#*,'. P*1s#s (' aas #*a(' '"a "'a


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&$!!h"a% #%#*,'/ &'sal%+a !%!" $#*)'"'*/ %2#*%a

&a"a%a%/ $#"#*a (a% s#$a,a'%+a. J'"a !&lah ,l!"1sa

la&)a!' "#$!!ha%/ &a"a ('*a%,"a' %a(' ,l'"1,#%

!%!" 2a(a%,a% &a"a%a% lal!' )*1s#s ,l'"1,#%#s's.

Ra%,"a'a% )*1s#s #*a('%+a ,l'"1,#%#s's (',a&$a*"a%

s#$a,a' $#*'"!7

8. )luk&sa %,ala&' 01s01*'las' %a(' gluk&sa +*,&s,at

4*#a"s' +a%, la@'& #*a(' !,a )a(a l'%asa% ,l'"1l's's5. D' 11

*#a"s' '%' ('"aal's'* 1l#h heks&k!nase s#(a%,"a% (' ha' 1l#h

gluk&k!nase.

:. Gl!"1sa +*,&s,at ('!$ah %a(' gluk&sa 1*,&s,at (ala&

*#a"s' (#%,a% $a%!a% "aal'sa1* en7!m

,&s,&gluk&mutase. E%@'& '! s#%('*' a"a% %,ala&'

01s01*'las' (a% ,!,!s 01s01 a"a% %,a&$'l $a,'a% (' (ala&

*#a"s' *#-#*s'$l# +a%, '%#*('a%+a a(alah ,l!"1sa 8/3

$'01s0a.

E%@3P Gl!"1sa 301s0a E%@ Gl!"1sa 8/3$'01s0a E%@3

P Gl!"1sa 8301s0a

;. S#la%!%+a gluk&sa 1*,&s,at $#*#a"s' (#%,a% ur!'!n

tr!,&s,at UTP4 !%!" &$#%!" ur!'!n '!,&s,at gluk&sa

UDP)l84. R#a"s' '%' ('"aal's'* 1l#h #%@'& UDP)l8

!r&,&s,&r!lase.

UTP Gl!"1sa 8301s0a UDPGl2 PP'


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Uridin difosfat glukosa (UDPGlc) (dipetik dari: Murray dkk. Biokimia

Harper)

>. H'(*1l's's )'*101s0a '%1*,a%'2 $#*'"!%+a 1l#h #%@'&)'*101s0aas# '%1*,a%'" a"a% %a*'" *#a"s' "#a *ah "a%a%

)#*sa&aa% *#a"s'

. A1& 01 a'a gluk&sa +a%, ('a"'0"a% 1l#h UDP)l8

&$#%!" !katan gl!k&s!'!k 'engan at&m 09)a(a *#s'(!

,l!"1sa #*&'%al ,l'"1,#%/ s#h'%,,a membebaskan ur!'!n

'!,&s,at. R#a"s' '%' ('"aal's'* 1l#h #%@'& gl!k&gen s!ntase.

M1l#"!l ,l'"1,#% +a%, s!(ah a(a s#$#l!&%+a 4('s#$!gl!k&gen r!mer5 ha*!s a(a !%!" &!la' *#a"s' '%'.

Gl'"1,#% )*'* s#la%!%+a (a)a #*$#%!" )a(a )*'*

)*1#'% +a%, ('"#%al s#$a,a' ,l'"1,#%'%.

UDPGl2 4?5%UDP 4?5%8

Gl'"1,#% Gl'"1,#%

R#s'(! ,l!"1sa +a%, l#$'h la%! l#"a )a(a )1s's' 8>

!%!" &$#%!" *a%a' )#%(#" +a%, ('a"'0"a% 1l#h

,l'"1,#% s'%as#. Pa(a 11 *a%,"a ,l'"1,#%'% #a) l#"a

)a(a )!sa &1l#"!l ,l'"1,#%/ s#(a%,"a% (' ha' #*(a)a

!&lah &1l#"!l ,l'"1,#% +a%, l#$'h' !&lah &1l#"!l

,l'"1,#%'%.

. S##lah *a%a' (a*' ,l'"1,#% )*'* (')#*)a%a%, (#%,a%

)#%a&$aha% ,l!"1sa #*s#$! h'%,,a %2a)a' &'%'&al 88

*#s'(! ,l!"1sa/ &a"a en7!m embentuk 8abang

&'%(ah"a% $a,'a% (a*' *a%a' 8> 4)a%a%, &'%'&al

*#s'(! ,l!"1sa5 )a(a *a%a' +a%, $#*(#"aa% !%!"

&$#%!" rangka!an 1+ s#h'%,,a &$!a t!t!k

8abang )a(a &1l#"!l #*s#$!. ?a$a%,32a$a%, '%' a"a%

!&$!h (#%,a% )#%a&$aha% l#$'h la%! 8,l!"1s'l (a%

)#&$#%!"a% 2a$a%, s#la%!%+a. S##lah !&lah *#s'(!

#*&'%al +a%, %1% *#(!"'0 $#*a&$ah/ !&lah 1al a)a"


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*#a"'0 (ala& &1l#"!l a"a% %'%,"a s#h'%,,a a"a%

&)#*2#)a ,l'"1,#%#s's &a!)!% ,l'"1,#%1l's's.

Ga&$a* al!* ,l'"1,#%#s's

2.2.3 )l!k&gen&l!s!s

J'"a ,l!"1sa (a*' ('# '(a" (a)a %2!"!)' "#$!!ha%/

&a"a ,l'"1,#% ha*!s (')#2ah !%!" %(a)a"a% ,l!"1sa

s#$a,a' s!&$#* #%#*,'. P*1s#s '%' ('%a&a"a% ,l'"1,#%1l's's.

Gl'"1,#%1l's's s#a"a%3a"a% "#$al'"a% (a*' ,l'"1,#%#s's/ a"a%

#a)' s#$#%a*%+a '(a" (#&'"'a%. U%!" memutuskan

!katan gluk&sa sa! (#&' sa! (a*' ,l'"1,#% (')#*l!"a%

#%@'& ,&s,&r!lase. E%@'& '%' s)#s'


14/16

:.:.> Gl!"1%#1,#%#s's

Gl!"1%#1,#%#s's #*a(' '"a s!&$#* #%#*,' (a*' "a*$1h'(*a'(a" #*s#('a la,'. Ma"a !$!h a(alah %,,!%a"a% l#&a"

s#$a,a' s!&$#* #%#*,'. J'"a l#&a" !,a a" #*s#('a/ $a*!lah

ah )*1#'% !%!" #%#*,' +a%, s#s!%,,!h%+a )*1#'%

$#*)#*a% )1"1" s#$a,a' )#&$a%,!% !$!h.

Ja(' $'sa ('s'&)!l"a% $ah6a gluk&ne&genes!s a'alah

r&ses embentukan gluk&sa 'ar! sen/a:a*sen/a:a

n&n karb&h!'rat b!sa 'ar! l!!' mauun r&te!n.S#2a*a *'%,"as/ al!* ,l!"1%#1,#%#s's (a*' $aha% l')'(

&a!)!% )*1#'% ('#las"a% s#$a,a' $#*'"!7

8. L')'( #*)#2ah %a(' "1&)1%#% )#%+!s!%%+a +a'!

asa& l#&a" (a% ,l's#*1l. Asa& l#&a" (a)a ('1"s'(as'

%a(' as#'l K1A. S#la%!%+a as#'l K1A &as!" (ala& s'"l!s

K*#$s. S#%a*a '! ,l's#*1l &as!" (ala& al!* ,l'"1l's's.

:. U%!" )*1#'%/ asa&3asa& a&'%1 )#%+!s!%%+a a"a%&as!" "# (ala& s'"l!s K*#$s.

Ga&$a* al!* ,l!"1%#1,#%#s's


15/16

:.:. O"s'(as' P'*!-a

Dala& al!* '%'/ )'*!-a ('1"s'(as' 4(#"a*$1"s'las'

1"s'(a'05 %a(' As#'l3K1A/ +a%, #*a(' (' (ala&


16/16

&'1"1%(*'a s#l. Jal!* '%' *!)a"a% enghubung antara

gl!k&l!s!s 'engan s!klus %reb;s. Jal!* '%' !,a *!)a"a%

"1%-#*s' ,l!"1sa %a(' asa& l#&a" (a% l#&a" (a%

s#$al'"%+a (a*' s#%+a6a %1% "a*$1h'(*a %a('

"a*$1h'(*a. Ra%,"a'a% *#a"s' "'&'a +a%, #*a(' (ala&

l'%asa% 1"s'(as' )'*!-a a(alah s#$a,a' $#*'"!7

8.D#%,a% a(a%+a TDP 4h'a&'%# (')h1s)ha#5/ !ruat

('(#"a*$1"s'las' %a(' h!'r&ks!et!l TDP #*'"a 1l#h

"1&)1%#% "1&)l#"s #%@'& )'*!-a (#h'(*1,#%as#. P*1(!"

s'sa +a%, ('has'l"a% a(alah 062.:.H!'r&ks!et!l TDP $#*#&! (#%,a% l!&am!' ter&ks!'as!/

s!a! "#l1&)1" )*1s#'" ('h'(*1"s'l')1'l *a%sas#'las# !%!"

&$#%!" aset!l l!&am!' s#la%!%+a TDP l#)as.

;.S#la%!%+a (#%,a% a(a%+a %&A*#H/ aset!l l!&am!' a"a%

('!$ah %a(' aset!l %&A/ (#%,a% has'l sa&)'%,a% $#*!)a

l!&am!' tere'uks!.

>.S'"l!s '%' s#l#sa' '"a l!&am!' tere'uks! ('*#1"s'(as' 1l#h

a-1)*1#'% +a%, %,a%(!%, FAD/ )a(a "#ha('*a%

'!h!'r&l!&!l 'eh!'r&genase. Fla-1)*1#'% #*#(!"s'

('1"s'(as' 1l#h NAD/ s#h'%,,a &'%(ah"a% #"!'-al#%

)#*#(!"s' "#)a(a ranta! res!ras!.

P'*!-a NAD K1AAs#'l K1A NADH H ?O:

Ga&$a* al!* 1"s'(as' )'*!-a

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