Makalah Grammar PassivesentencesPosted on November 8, 2013 by ardipbi11Standard1. Passive sentences Passive sentences or passive voice is when the subject of the sentence has an action done to it by someone or something else.Example : The dog was being washed by the girl.The are met by him everydayCharacteristic of passive sentences are : Use verb III To beForm of the passive : be + past participle2. Active sentences VS Passive sentences Active sentences is when the subject of the sentence performs the action in the sentence.Passive sentences is when the subject of the sentence has an action done to it by someone or something else. Differences :1. The object of the active verb is the subject of the passive verb. Therefore, verbs which cannot be followed by objects (intransitive verbs) cannot be used in passive voice.These are some common intransitive verbs: appear, arrive, come, cry, die, go, happen, occur, rain, sleep, stay, walk. These verbs cannot be used in passive voice.1. The passive verb always contains a form of the auxiliary verb be. The form of be in the passive verb phrase corresponds to the form of the main verb in the active verb phrase (see the underlined words in the example sentences below). That is, if the active main verb is simple present tense, then a simple present tense form of be is used in the passive verb phrase; if the active main verb is -ING, then the -ING form of be is used in the passive verb phrase; and so on.2. The main verb in a passive predicate verb phrase is always the participle form of the verb. 1. Some examples of active and passive sentences:ACTIVE: They speak English.PASSIVE: English is spoken.ACTIVE: They spoke English.PASSIVE: English was spoken.ActivePassive

Simple presentMary helps JohnJohn is helped by Mary

Present continousMary is helping johnJohn is being helped by Mary

Present PerfectMary has helped JohnJohn has helped by Mary

Simple PastMary helped JohnJohn was helped by Mary

Past ProgressiveMary was helping JohnJohn wasw being helped by Mary

Past PerfectMary had helped JohnJohn had been helped by Mary

Simple FutureMary will help JohnJohn will be helped by Mary

Be going toMary is going to help JohnJohn is going to helped by Mary

Future Perfect*Mary will have helped JohnJohn will have been helped by Mary

*The progressive forms of the present perfect, past perfect, Future, and future, Perfect are very rarely used in the passive.3. Tense Forms Of Passive VerbNotice that all the passive verbs are formed with BE + PAST PARTICIPLE.

TENSEACTIVEPASSIVE

Simple PresentThe news surprises me.The news surprises Sam.The news surprises us.I am surprised by the news.Sam is surprised by the news.We are surprised by the news.

Simple PastThe news surprised me.The news surprised us.I was surprised by the news.We were surprised by the news

Present PerfectBob has mailed the letter.Bob has mailed the letters.The letter has been mailed by BobThe letters have been mailed by Bob.

FutureBob will mail the letter.Bob is going to mail the letter.The letter will be mailed by Bob.The letter is going to be mailed by Bob.

TenseSubjectAuxiliaryPastParticiple

SingularPlural

PresentThe car/carsisaredesigned.

Present perfectThe car/carshas beenhave beendesigned.

PastThe car/carswasweredesigned.

Past perfectThe car/carshad beenhad beendesigned.

FutureThe car/carswill bewill bedesigned.

Future perfectThe car/carswill have beenwill have beendesigned.

Present progressiveThe car/carsis beingare beingdesigned.

Past progressiveThe car/carswas beingwere beingdesigned.

4. Participal AdjectiveThe participial adjectives are a major subclass of adjectives.They can be distinguished by their endings, either ed or ing. Some exceptions to the rules include misunderstood and unknown, which also function like these special adjectives even though they do not end in ed. They are called participial adjectives because they have the same endings as verb participles. Sometime participial adjectives look like verbs, but theyre not verbs. Adjective describes about noun. In English there are two places they can go, before noun and after the verb be.Example : The problem confuses the students.- It is a confusing problem. The students are confused by the problem.- They are confused students. The story amuses the children- It is an amusing story. This is confusing grammar That was a boring movie This grammar is confusing That movie was boring

ReferencesAzar, Betty schrampfer. Understanding and Using English Grammar.America:Prentice Hall Regents,1989.Azar, Betty schrampfer. Fundamentals Of English Grammar.America:Prentice Hall Regents,1992.http://www.primaryresources.co.ukhttp://F:/what-is-a-participial-adjective.html