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Making MoviesMaking Movies
CS 551/645CS 551/645
Fall 2000Fall 2000
Assignment 4Assignment 4
Use BMRT to render RenderMan Use BMRT to render RenderMan scenesscenes– BMRT is freeware version of a BMRT is freeware version of a
raytracer that renders RenderMan raytracer that renders RenderMan ‘RIB’ files‘RIB’ files
– RenderMan is Pixar product used to RenderMan is Pixar product used to render most CG in movies and render most CG in movies and commercials commercials
GoalsGoals
Learn RenderMan Commands Learn RenderMan Commands Construct RIB files Construct RIB files Build object to camera space Build object to camera space
transformationtransformation Write multiple shaders Write multiple shaders
Learn RenderMan Learn RenderMan CommandsCommands
Basic commands are like OpenGLBasic commands are like OpenGL– RiTranslate, RiScale, RiColor…RiTranslate, RiScale, RiColor…
We’ll discuss advanced commands in We’ll discuss advanced commands in classclass
Additional referencesAdditional references– www.bmrt.orgwww.bmrt.org, , www.rendermania.comwww.rendermania.com– Advanced RenderMan: Creating CGI for Advanced RenderMan: Creating CGI for
Motion Pictures, Apodaca and GritzMotion Pictures, Apodaca and Gritz– Renderman Companion, Steve UpstillRenderman Companion, Steve Upstill
Construct RIB FilesConstruct RIB Files
Renderman converts .rib files to .tiff Renderman converts .rib files to .tiff imagesimages
You could write .rib files by handYou could write .rib files by hand Skeleton code provided will Skeleton code provided will
generate .rib file for teapot on a generate .rib file for teapot on a boxbox
Stubs provided for improvement Stubs provided for improvement codecode
Improving the CodeImproving the Code
Add RiLookat command to skeleton Add RiLookat command to skeleton codecode– This command should move and orient This command should move and orient
the BMRT camera similar to gluLookAt ()the BMRT camera similar to gluLookAt () Add environment mapAdd environment map Use more interesting Use more interesting
shadersshaders– ‘‘Shaders’ are the files that Shaders’ are the files that
define material propertiesdefine material properties
ExamplesExamples
Extra Credit AssignmentExtra Credit Assignment
Write a ray tracer from scratchWrite a ray tracer from scratch– IMPORTANT – DON’T USE THE WEB IMPORTANT – DON’T USE THE WEB
FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT!FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT! Archaeologists foundArchaeologists found
this relic from my 1993this relic from my 1993ray tracing assignmentray tracing assignment
Raytracer SpecsRaytracer Specs
Render 6 polygons and 6 spheresRender 6 polygons and 6 spheres Use multiple colorsUse multiple colors Specular and diffuse lighting effectsSpecular and diffuse lighting effects Must demonstrate object -> object Must demonstrate object -> object
shadowsshadows– Sphere to sphereSphere to sphere– Sphere to polygonSphere to polygon– Polygon to spherePolygon to sphere– Polygon to polygonPolygon to polygon
Making MoviesMaking Movies
ConceptConcept StoryboardingStoryboarding SoundSound Character DevelopmentCharacter Development Layout and lookLayout and look EffectsEffects AnimationAnimation LightingLighting
ConceptConcept
Pixar’s Lasseter is a genius – Pixar’s Lasseter is a genius – “Nothing gets in the way of the “Nothing gets in the way of the story”story”
StoryboardingStoryboarding
Explicitly defineExplicitly define– ScenesScenes– Camera shotsCamera shots– Special effectsSpecial effects– LightingLighting– ScaleScale
Used as guide by Used as guide by animatorsanimators
SoundSound
Voice recording of talent Voice recording of talent completed before animation completed before animation beginsbegins
Animations must match the voice Animations must match the voice overover
A puppeteer once told me that the A puppeteer once told me that the voice makes or breaks a charactervoice makes or breaks a character
Character DevelopmentCharacter Development
300 Drawings300 Drawings
Character DevelopmentCharacter Development
40 Sculptures40 Sculptures
Character Character DevelopmentDevelopment
Computer Computer ModelsModels
Layout and LookLayout and Look
Build sceneryBuild scenery Match colorsMatch colors
MatchmovingMatchmoving
CG camera must exactly match the real CG camera must exactly match the real cameracamera– PositionPosition– RotationRotation– Focal lengthFocal length– AperatureAperature
Easy when camera is instrumentedEasy when camera is instrumented Hard to place CG on moving objects on Hard to place CG on moving objects on
filmfilm
MatchmovingMatchmoving
MatchmovingMatchmoving
Square patterns in live action Square patterns in live action made it easier to track – furniture, made it easier to track – furniture, wall paperwall paper
2D – 3D conversion in Maya2D – 3D conversion in Maya
WaterWater
Particle Sim and Particle Sim and IndentationIndentation
ToolsTools
CompositingCompositing
CompositingCompositing
LightingLighting
Facial AnimationFacial Animation
Facial AnimationFacial Animation
FurFur
ClothCloth
Buttons and Buttons and CreasesCreases
TextureTexture
CompaniesCompanies
PixarPixar DisneyDisney Sony ImageworksSony Imageworks Industrial Light and Industrial Light and
Magic (ILM)Magic (ILM) Rhythm and HuesRhythm and Hues Pacific Data ImagesPacific Data Images
(PDI)(PDI)
Dreamworks Dreamworks SKGSKG
Tippett StudiosTippett Studios Angel StudiosAngel Studios Blue SkyBlue Sky Robert Abel and Robert Abel and
AssociatesAssociates Giant StudiosGiant Studios
Toy Story (1995)Toy Story (1995)
77 minutes long; 110,064 frames77 minutes long; 110,064 frames 800,000 machine hours of rendering800,000 machine hours of rendering 1 terabyte of disk space1 terabyte of disk space 3.5 minutes of animation produced 3.5 minutes of animation produced
each week (maximum)each week (maximum) Frame render times: 45 min – 20 Frame render times: 45 min – 20
hourshours 110 Suns operating 24-7 for rendering110 Suns operating 24-7 for rendering
– 300 CPU’s300 CPU’s
Toy StoryToy Story
Texture maps on Buzz: 189 Texture maps on Buzz: 189 – (450 to show scuffs and dirt)(450 to show scuffs and dirt)
Number of animation ‘knobs’Number of animation ‘knobs’– Buzz – 700Buzz – 700– Woody – 712Woody – 712
Face – 212Face – 212 Mouth – 58Mouth – 58
– Sid’s Backpack - 128Sid’s Backpack - 128
Toy StoryToy Story
Number of leaves on trees – 1.2 Number of leaves on trees – 1.2 milmil
Number of shaders – 1300Number of shaders – 1300 Number of storyboards – 25,000Number of storyboards – 25,000
Toy Story 2Toy Story 2
80 minutes long, 122,699 frames80 minutes long, 122,699 frames
1400 processor renderfarm1400 processor renderfarm
Render time of 10 min to 3 daysRender time of 10 min to 3 days
Direct to video filmDirect to video film
Toy Story 2Toy Story 2
Software toolsSoftware tools
– Alias|WavefrontAlias|Wavefront
– Amazon PaintAmazon Paint
– RenderManRenderMan
Newman!Newman!
Subdivision-surfacesSubdivision-surfaces
Polygonal hair (head)Polygonal hair (head)– Texture mapped on armsTexture mapped on arms
Sculpted clothesSculpted clothes
Complex shadersComplex shaders
Devil’s in the DetailsDevil’s in the Details
Render in colorRender in color Convert to NTSC B/WConvert to NTSC B/W Add film effectsAdd film effects
– JitterJitter– Negative scratchesNegative scratches– HairHair– StaticStatic
ImagesImages
ImagesImages
ImagesImages
Stuart LittleStuart Little
500 shots with digital character500 shots with digital character 6 main challenges6 main challenges
– Lip syncLip sync– Match-move (CG to live-action)Match-move (CG to live-action)– FurFur– ClothesClothes– Animation toolsAnimation tools– Rendering, lighting, compositingRendering, lighting, compositing
Stuart LittleStuart Little
100+ people worked on CG100+ people worked on CG– 32 color/lighting/composite artists32 color/lighting/composite artists– 12 technical assistants12 technical assistants– 30 animators30 animators– 40 artists40 artists– 12 R&D12 R&D
Shooting Film For CGShooting Film For CG
Actors practice with maquettesActors practice with maquettes Maquettes replaced with laser dotsMaquettes replaced with laser dots
– lasers on when camera shutter is closedlasers on when camera shutter is closed After each take, three extra shotsAfter each take, three extra shots
– chrome ball for environment map for chrome ball for environment map for Stuart’s eyesStuart’s eyes
– white and gray balls for lighting infowhite and gray balls for lighting info
Match-movingMatch-moving
Film scannedFilm scanned Camera tracking data retrievedCamera tracking data retrieved 3D Equalizer + Alias Maya to 3D Equalizer + Alias Maya to
prepare (register) the digital prepare (register) the digital cameracamera
Once shot is prepared, 2D images Once shot is prepared, 2D images rendered and composited with live rendered and composited with live actionaction
Making MoviesMaking Movies
Production TeamProduction Team Production LineProduction Line Special EffectsSpecial Effects
Production TeamProduction Team
DirectorsDirectors ModelersModelers LightingLighting Character Character
AnimatorsAnimators Technical DirectorsTechnical Directors Render WranglersRender Wranglers Tools DevelopersTools Developers
Shader WritersShader Writers Effects AnimatorsEffects Animators Looks TeamLooks Team Security OfficerSecurity Officer JanitorJanitor LackeyLackey