Making the Best Use of Unlicensed Spectrum Presentation

12013-2015 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.

September, 2015

Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

LTE-U/LAA, MuLTEfire and Wi-Fi; making best use of unlicensed spectrum

2Making the best use of licensed and unlicensed spectrum

More licensed spectrum is the top priority

Use unlicensed spectrum opportunistically

Technologies for hyper-densificationMore small cells

Higher efficiency

More spectrum

For both licensed & unlicensed spectrum

3Multiple technologies will co-exist for best use of all spectrum

LTE Unlicensed: LTE-U/LAA aggregation with an LTE licensed spectrum anchor, whereas MuLTEfire can operate solely in unlicensed spectrum MuLTEfire is an initiative of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

LTE Advanced

Licensed spectrum foundation, augmented with

unlicensed spectrum solutions

Mobile broadband services for best

performance and quality-of-experience

LTE Unlicensed

LTE-based technologies in unlicensed spectrum,

LTE-U, LAA, MuLTEfire

Broadens LTE ecosystem to enhanced

and new deployment opportunities

Wi-Fi ac/ad/ax

802.11-based technology solely operating in

unlicensed spectrum

Also evolving for enhanced performance

and expanding to new usage models

4Extending the benefits of LTE to unlicensed spectrum

1 Downlink only in unlicensed spectrum (SDL). RF specs and coexistence tests defined by LTE-U forum: coexistence and fair sharing can be obtained using techniques such as channel selection and CSAT (Carrier Sensing Adaptive

Transmission). 2 These regions mandate specific access procedures, including Listen Before Talk (LBT),. LAA R14 targets enhancements to support aggregation for both uplink and downlink

MuLTEfireBroadening LTE technology and ecosystem to new

deployment opportunities

Licensed SpectrumExclusive use

Unlicensed SpectrumShared use

LAA (Licensed-Assisted Access)Targeting mobile operator deployments in Europe,

Japan, and beyond2 based on 3GPP Rel. 13 and beyond

LTE Carrier Aggregation

with licensed anchor channel

LTE-based technology

without licensed anchor channel

LTE-U1 to boost downlink Targeting mobile operators deployments in USA,

Korea, India, etc. based on 3GPP Rel. 10/11/12

5LinkAggregation

Aggregation with licensed spectrum provides best performance

LTE - Wi-Fi Link Aggregation (LWA)

for carrier Wi-Fi deployments1

Mobile operators LTE anchor spectrum

LTE in unlicensed (LTE-U/LAA)

for new small cell deployments

Licensed 400MHz to 3.8GHz

Carrier Aggregation

Wi-Fi in Unlicensed2.4 & 5 GHz

LTE in Unlicensed

5 GHz

Enhanced user experience

Better capacity and coverage

Unified network

Fair coexistence

6Unlicensed 5 GHz spectrum ideal for small cells LTE-U, LAA, MuLTEfire, Wi-Fi (802.11ac/ax) will coexist to meet various needs

Pico/Enterprises

Residential / NeighborhoodSmall Businesses

Venues

Opportunistic use

Shared spectrum but free, technology neutral

Large amount of spectrum

Could be ~500MHz but regionally dependent

Shorter range

Lower transmit power per regulations

Wide bands available for sharing

Efficiently shared amongst multiple users

7LTE Unlicensed Solutions Carrier Wi-Fi Solutions

LTE/Wi-Fi Technology Solutions

LTE in Licensed Spectrum

LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum

802.11ac Wi-Fi

802.11ad WiGig

LTE advancedCarrier Aggregation

LTE-U/LAAaggregation

LTE/Wi-FiCall Continuity

802.11aiFast Roaming

Carrier Wi-Fi AP

LTE/Wi-Fi Link Aggregation

802.11ac/ad

Small Cell

Multiple technologies to support all deployment scenarios

Dual-connectivityMuLTEfireNeutral host

offload

802.11acMU-MIMOMuLTEfire/

Wi-Fiaccess

Wi-Fiaccess

802.11ad(WiGig)

8Fair Wi-Fi coexistence a key principle in LTE unlicensed designExtensive over-the-air testing performed in the lab and in the field

Assumptions: Two operators. 48 Pico+108 Femto cells per operator. 300 users per operator with 70% indoor. 3GPP Bursty model. 12x40MHz @ 5GHz for unlicensed spectrum.LTE 10 MHz channel at 2 GHz;. 2x2 MIMO, Rank 1 transmission, eICIC enabled; LTE-U - Phase II., 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO).; Wi-Fi - 802.11ac 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO), LDPC codes and 256QAM).

OperatorA

Wi-Fi

OperatorA

Wi-Fi

1x 1x

>2x

Gain(Median throughput)

OperatorB

Wi-Fi

1x

In many cases a better neighbor to Wi-Fi than Wi-Fi itself

Operator B switches Wi-Fi to LTEin unlicensed

Operator

B

LTE inunlicensed

9Going above and beyond minimum requirementsMinimum requirements

Ensuring fair coexistence between LTE unlicensed and Wi-FiWorking together across the mobile and Wi-Fi industries

1 With dynamic channel selection and CSAT - Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission required in the small cell..

2 LAA Licensed Assisted Access, Work item approved in 3GPP R13 June 15. In addition, New RF band support (e.g. 5GHz) needed at both device and small cell

Conformance testing

Coexistence and fairness test

Expected to be more rigorous than Wi-Fi testing today

Still allowing for differentiation

Example: LTE-U forum specifications

Standards & specifications

LTE-U for USA, Korea, India, other markets based on LTE R10/11/121

LAA for Europe, Japan and beyond defined in 3GPP R132

Spectrum regulations

Power, bandwidth and emission levels

Additional specific access procedures required in Europe and Japan (Listen Before Talk features)

10

LTE Unlicensed development through industry collaboration

Fair co-existence between

Wi-Fi and LTE unlicensed

LTE

Unlicensed Wi-Fi

Collaboration and engagement

3GPP LAALTE-U Forum

Dialogue between 3GPP and IEEE802.11 & WFA throughout the LAAstandards development via presentations & liaison statements

Open industry LAA workshop held 8/29/2015 in Beijing with presentations from IEEE 802.11, WFA and other key stakeholders

Started dialogue between 3GPP and WFA on coexistence testing

Founding members Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson,

LGE, Qualcomm Technologies Inc., Samsung,

Verizon all have stakes in LTE and Wi-Fi

Coexistence specs published March 2nd 2015,

updated June based on feedback, e.g. adding

uplink and VoIP test cases

Being standardized in 3GPP release 13

for completion 1H 2016 (ASN.1 freeze)

Enhancements planned for release R14

and beyond

3GPP will develop coexistence /

performance requirements and tests

Presented LTE-U to Wi-Fi Alliance and IEEE at standards meetings

An LTE-U workshop for key cellular and Wi-Fi vendors/operators was held on May 28, 2015 with deep dive of technology

Further collaboration on coexistence with industry is ongoingone-on-one and in industry groups

11

Unlicensed (5 GHz) Carrier

aggregationLicensed Anchor

LTE

LTELTE/LTE-U

FSM9955

Industrys first LTE-U

small cell solution

Industrys first UE solution

for LTE-U

WTR3950

WTR3925

X12 LTE

Converged SOC

with CSAT (R 10) based LTE/Wi-Fi fair

coexistence

X12 LTE supporting LTE-U

with WTR 3950

Spearheading LTE-U commercialization

WTR RF transceiver chips and FSM small cell solutions are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

12

Industry-leading RF, power management, security Dedicated network listenacross technologies

Ease of deployment and management

LTE Unlicensed / Wi-Fi coexistence like CSAT UltraSON interference and mobility management Advanced interference management like eICIC

FSM9955

FSM9955 brings LTE-U to small cellsFor LTE-U commercial launches in 2016

FSM small cell solutions and UltraSON are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.. 1 eICIC is enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination defined by 3GPP.

Foundation: 3G, LTE

Hosted: Wi-Fi 802.11ac

Announced: LTE-U

Converged multi-mode SoC

UltraSON elCIC1

Hotspot 2.0

CSAT

13

Making best use of unlicensed spectrum for 1000x

Committed to LTE Unlicensed,

the Wi-Fi evolution, and LTE Wi-Fi convergence solutions

4

LTE Unlicensed coexists fairly

with Wi-Ficoexistence is an industry wide collaboration

Wi-FiLTE

3Wi-Fi

802.11ac/ad/ax

MuLTEfire

LTE-U/LAA

1Multiple solutions will coexist

to support all use cases and

deployment scenarios

Aggregation with licensed

spectrum for best performance: LTE-U/LAA carrier aggregation

LTE - Wi-Fi link aggregation

2

14


Part of larger LTE - Wi-Fi convergence

15

Enhanced user experienceLicensed anchor for control and mobility

Unified networkOperator LTE network in full control of Wi-Fi

Better performance Simultaneously using both LTE & Wi-Fi links

LTE - Wi-Fi link aggregation for existing and new carrier Wi-Fi

Notes: Aggregation on modem level (PDCP level), also leveraging dual connectivity defined inR12; Control over X2-like interface needs to be supported by Wi-Fi AP. No change to LTE & WiFi PHY/MAC. No change to core network

Control Traffic

Leverages new/existing, alsonon-collocated carrier Wi-Fi2.4 & 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum

LTE AnchorLicensed Spectrum

Link Aggregation

Modem-level aggregationfor superior performance Work item in 3GPP Rel. 13

Wi-Fi

16

Operators assets determine solutionmany will do both

Notes: Aggregation at modem-level (PDCP level) is a R13 candidate, (dual connectivity defined in R12 for licensed) ; LTE-U based on R10 for certain countries, defined as LAA R13 for other countries

Better capacityand coverage

Unified network

Enhanced user experience

Deeper aggregation and better performance


Existing, new, also non-collocated

carrier Wi-Fi deployments

LTE-U/LAAcarrier aggregation

For new small

cell deployments

LTE-U

LAAWi-Fi

17

Modem-level aggregation for superior performance

HTTP Combining

HLOS HTTP

APP

HLOS

LTE/Wi-Fi link aggregation

TCP

HTTP

APP

Modem PDCP

LTE

Wi-Fi

Better load-balancing, across nodesbased on information on both links

Dynamically adapts to radio/traffic conditions

Work item in 3GPP Rel. 13

18

Aggregation part of the larger LTE - Carrier Wi-Fi convergence

LTE (LTE R8 to R9, LTE Advanced R10 - R13)

Wi-Fi Discovery Service Continuity

Hotspot 2.0

LoadBalancing

Optimized Connectivity

Experience (OCE)

FastRoaming

ReducedOverhead

Link Aggregation

Faster connections

Seamless services

More capacityWi-Fi (IEEE 802.11ac, MU-MIMO, ai, k, v, ax)

Link aggregation

19

Continuing to improve carrier Wi-Fi

Wi-FiWi-Fi

20-30x faster roamingEnabling seamless real-time services

Reduced overheadIn dense Wi-Fi deployments

MU - MIMO Next wave of efficiency

802.11 g/n 802.11 ac Breaking the Gbps barrier

802.11 ax

Load balancingSteering Wi-Fi connection

based on signal quality & load

Today

High Load Low Load

Carrier Wi-Fi EnhancementsOptimized Connectivity Experience (OCE) based on 11ai,k,v

Today Optimized

Up to 50% ~2%

ManagementOverhead

Wi-FiWi-Fi

Optimized

Hotspot 2.0

Notes: Faster roaming: Based on Qualcomm Technologies prototype, in typical conditions, after full authentication with the target operator; Reduced overhead: Scenario such as airport/train stations/conferences (100s of users), 4 to 16 APs visible per STA, 2.4GHz band, 1 Mbps management traffic

20

802.11ax for improved densification and outdoor performance

Densification

Better capacityespecially in dense scenarios

Uplink and downlink OFDMA

Adding uplink MU-MIMO

Backward compatibleOutdoor deployments

2.4GHz

5 GHz

802.11n

802.11ac

Improved outdoor performance

Longer cyclic prefix and longer OFDM symbol duration

Supports both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz

Backward compatible with legacy 802.11 (n/ac)

Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi Wi-Fi

Wi-FiWi-Fi

21

COEXISTENCE

MANAGER

CONNECTIVITY

ENGINE (CnE)

LTE-A

LTE Wi-Fi convergence - going beyond interworking

CARRIER

SERVICES

LTE-U,

LTE-Wi-Fi

aggregation

Data offload/handoff,

VoLTE and VT

interworking

Interference

mitigation

Optimized

connection

11ac/ad/ax

INCREASING CONVERGENCE

Faster connections

Seamless services

Spectrum & network efficiency

SPECTRUM

INTEGRATION

Qualcomm Snapdragon

22

MuLTEfire for 5 GHz unlicensed spectrumno licensed anchor

23

MuLTEfire: LTE-like performance with Wi-Fi-like simplicityLTE-based technology for unlicensed spectrum without licensed anchor channel

Broadens LTE technology & ecosystem to new deployment opportunities

4G LTE-like performance

Enhanced capacity and range

Improved mobility, quality-of-experience

Hyper-dense, self-optimizing deployments

Wi-Fi-like deployment simplicity

Operates in unlicensed spectrum

Leaner, self-contained network architecture

Suitable for neutral host deployments

Harmoniously coexist with

Wi-Fi, LTE-U/LAA

MuLTEfire

24

MuLTEfire expands small cell deployment opportunitiesWith seamless mobility within muLTEfire deployments

Enterprises

Residential / NeighborhoodSmall Businesses

Venues

Self-containedSimplified network architecture

suitable for end-user deployments

Unlicensed SpectrumOperates solely in unlicensed spectrum

without licensed anchor channel

Neutral hostAny deployment can service any

deviceno SIM required

25

MuLTEfire broadens the LTE ecosystem to more entities Such as Internet Service Providers, Cable Operators, and enterprise/venue owners

Physical location Customer relationships

Leverage

deployment assets

Fixed broadband Enhanced hotspot / enterprise services

Offering SIM-less, nomadic Internet access

Augment mobile broadband

Providing neutral host offload to mobile networks

Improved end-user experience

Better capacity, range, and mobility than Wi-Fi

(especially in hyper-dense environments)

26

MuLTEfire delivers enhanced offload for mobile networksHigh-performance, neutral host offload capabilities with expanded reach to new markets

Traditional mobile deploymentsSeparate spectrum bands and deployments may prohibit

reaching all venues, enterprises and homes

Neutral host deploymentsCommon spectrum and common deployment

provides neutral host services (Wi-Fi like)

27

MuLTEfire benefits mobile operators as a true neutral host

Fixed broadband/ISP

Also for own MVNO or ISP service offering

Enterprises

Also to provide access through issued certificate

Neighborhood

Could also be part of providers offering (e.g. ISP)

Offload agreements

with Mobile operators

Venues

Also to enhance venue experiencefree or fee

Full mobility with handovers

within MuLTEfire networks

Service continuity between

MuLTEfire and mobile networks

Mobile operators

E.g. if licensed spectrum is not available at certain locations

28

LTE-U/LAA for 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum with licensed anchor

29

LTE Unlicensed in 5 GHz for new small cell deployments

1 LTE-U and LAA R-13 will be downlink only. Both TDD or FDD aggregation is possible with SDL; 2 Target for R14 LAA using TDD + TDD aggregation, or FDD + TDD aggregation using TDD for unlicensed spectrum

3Assumptions: Two operators. 48 Pico+108 Femto cells per operator. 300 users per operator with 70% indoor. 3GPP Bursty model. 12x40MHz @ 5GHz for unlicensed spectrum; LTE 10 MHz channel at 2 GHz;. 2x2 MIMO, Rank 1 transmission, eICIC enabled;

LTE-U LAA R13, 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO).; Wi-Fi - 802.11ac 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO), LDPC codes and 256QAM).

LTE Unlicensed small cell

Unlicensed

(5 GHz)

LTE &LTE-U/LAA

Initial LTE- and LAA: Supplemental Downlink (SDL) to boost downlink 1

Later LAA phases: Carrier aggregation to boost both downlink and uplink 2

Later LAA phases: aggregation across non-collocated nodes with dual-connectivity

~2x capacity and rangeCompared to Wi-Fi3

Enhanced user experienceLicensed anchor for control and mobility

Single unified LTE networkCommon management

A good Wi-Fi neighbor In many cases, better neighbor to Wi-Fi

than Wi-Fi itself

Carrier aggregation

Licensed Anchor

(400 MHz 3.8 GHz)

30Source: Qualcomm Research. Example from our LTE Unlicensed testing in San Diego to validate coverage and performance advantages.

LTE Thrpt (Mbps) / Wi-Fi Thrpt (Mbps)

LTE Unlicensed improves coverage compared to Wi-Fi20/2

16/2

3/x

6/x

4/x

24 /26

27/27

35/27

15 /9

9/1

14 /3

26/23

2/x29/16

LTE / Wi-Fi5GHz access pointIndoor 3rd floor

31

Unlicensed 5 GHz spectrum is ideal for small cells

1 Channel 120, 124 and 128 (5.6-5.65 GHz) currently not permitted in the US. 2 5725MHz-5850MHz has been assigned to ISM services in China 3 Study of 5350MHz-5470MHz and 5725MHz-5925MHz use for license exempt is being planned in EU.

4 5470-5650 MHz in Korea* These 5GHz channels typically require DFS, Dynamic Frequency Selection

LTE-U will use UNII-1 & UNII-3 (200MHz ) per LTE-U forum

LAA expected to cover additional 5 GHz bands

20MHz

120 MHzcould be available in e.g. the US4/EU3

US, Korea, China, Europe, Japan, India

US1, Korea5, Europe, Japan US, Korea, India, China2,

considered in EU3

5.15 GHz

5.33 GHz

5.49 GHz

5.835GHz

20MHz

20MHz

5.71 GHz

* * * * * * * * * * * * * **

5.735 GHz

UNII-15150-5250 MHz

UNII-25250-5350 MHz

UNII-2 5470-5725 MHz UNII-3 5725 5850 MHzISM 5725 5850 MHz

32

LTE-U/LAA protects Wi-Fi to ensure fair sharing of spectrum

1 CSAT - Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission required in the small cell Meeting regulatory requirements, in addition ensures fairness as defined by LTE-U forum2 Part of 3GPP Rel 13, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) for regions with specific access procedures and CCA Clear Channel Assessment, aka Listen Before Talk (LBT)

LTE-U adaptive duty cycle (CSAT)1

for deployments in USA, Korea, India etc. using 3GPP Rel. 10/11/12

LAA Listen Before Talk (LBT) with adaptive utilization2

for deployments in Europe, Japan and beyond using 3GPP Rel. 13 LAA

LTEis off

Sensing channel availability per CCA

Select clear channel: Dynamically avoid Wi-Fi

If no clear channel: Fair sharing with Wi-Fi

1

2

Up to 500 MHzavailable

Unlicensed 5 GHz band

20MHz

. . . . . . . .

Time Time

LTE is on

20MHz

Release unlicensed channel at low traffic 3

Variable on, max 50ms continuously Variable on, max 10ms continuously

LTEis off

Wi-Fi medium utilization estimation

LTE is on

33

Going beyond Listen Before Talk (LBT) for fair sharing with Wi-FiFor Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) deployments using 3GPP Rel. 13

LTEOFF

Time

LTEOFF

Sensing channel availability per LBT

Every 20us per CCA

(Clear Channel Assessment)

Hold off when detectingother user per LBT

Sense every 20us and decrement random counter

before transmitting per extended CCA

LTE ON

LTE ON

LTE ON

LTE ON

LTE ON

Adaptive ON 1ms to 10ms based on loadsimilar to CSAT

34

All sites

LTE + Wi-Fi

LAA Rel. 13

Live Demo

Operator 1

Operator 2

Note: The data rates shown are only for the unlicensed spectrum, with only control and signaling traffic going over licensed spectrum

35

Operator 1:

still on Wii-Fi

Wi-Fi performance

not adversely

affected

LAA Rel. 13

Live Demo

Operator 1

Operator 2

Operator 2:

One site changed

to LTE Unlicensed

~ 2x Improvement

Note: The data rates shown are only for the unlicensed spectrum, with only control and signaling traffic going over licensed spectrum

LAA LAA

36

F1

LTE-U forum develops coexistence specifications

For LTE-U products based on 3GPP Release 10 and beyond, see www.lteuforum.org

* These 5GHz channels typically require DFS, Dynamic Frequency Selection

To ensure fair-sharing coexistence between Wi-Fi and LTE-U, and between LTE-U

Formed by Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, LGE, Qualcomm Technologies Inc., Samsung, Verizon

Specifications published March 2nd 2015 and have been updated based on feedback from Wi-Fi industry

Licensed spectrum

UplinkDownlink

20MHz

5.15 GHz

5.33 GHz

5.49 GHz

5.835GHz

20MHz* * * * * * * * * * * * **

UNII-15150-5250 MHz

UNII-25250-5350 MHz

UNII-2 5470-5725 MHz UNII-3 5725 5850 MHz

Supplemental

downlink

U-NII-1 and U-NII-3

5 GHz unlicensed spectrum

*

37

LTE-U/Wi-Fi co-channel coexistence using adaptive duty cycle

Initially and periodically: Sensing

channel utilizationLTE-U estimates # of activeWi-Fi APs and determines

utilization1

LTE OFF

Provision for latency sensitive apps (e.g. Voice over Wi-Fi)

LTE ON2/6th of the time in the

example shown

LTE OFF4/6th of the time in the

example shown

Share channel with Wi-Fi proportionally to active

numbers of access points2

LTE ON2/6th of the time in the

example shown

LTE-U LTE-U Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Wi-Fi

Time

Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission (CSAT) example

Variable on, max 50 ms continuouslyFrom 10ms to 100ms timeframe

1LTE reads Wi-Fi preamble to determine # of Wi-Fi APs and their usage; 2.Proportional time , here 2/6th of time is the upper limit for LTE ON.

38

Stress testing LTE/Wi-Fi co-channel in very harsh conditionsQualcomm Technologies LTE/Wi-Fi coexistence test chamber

Hyper dense network Up to 9 Access Points (AP) placed ~1m apart

All APs set to the same channel

Commercial, off-the-shelf Wi-Fi and test LTE-U APs

Extreme interference for devices No isolation between neighboring APs and devices

39

Wi-Fi performance not adversely affected by LTE-UUsing adaptive duty cycle (CSAT) for fair coexistence

Increasing LTE-U penetration

7 Wi-Fi + 1 Wi-Fi 4 Wi-Fi + 4 LTE-U

Wi-Fi performance

improved

7 Wi-Fi + 1 LTE-U 6 Wi-Fi + 2 LTE-U

Wi-Fi Average

throughput

40

Better performance of LTE-U while protecting Wi-Fi Using adaptive duty cycle (CSAT)

8 Wi-Fi + 1 Wi-Fi 8 Wi-Fi + 1 LTE-U

Wi-Fi average

throughput

LTE - U

Target AP with

Wi-Fi

Target AP

Average throughput

Wi-Fi(3.3 Mbps)

LTE-U(6.7 Mbps)

Target AP with

LTE-U

41

Fair LTE-U coexistence for Voice and Data

regardless of Wi-Fi vendor variation

42

Stress tests showing wide Wi-Fi vendor variation Qualcomm Technologies LTE/Wi-Fi coexistence test chamber

Hyper dense network on same channel

Up to 8 Access Points (AP) placed ~1m apart

No isolation between neighboring APs and devices

Up to 8 devices placed ~1m apart

Vendor variation tests

Test 1) Vendor A and B enterprise grade Wi-Fi APs

with controller. 8 Aps with test APWi-Fi or LTE-U

Test 2) 5 top-selling retail APs (11ac) based on best-seller lists. Mix of 4 APs from different vendors

43

Implementation variation among Enterprise Wi-Fi vendorsUsing Qualcomm Technologies LTE/Wi-Fi coexistence test chamber

Vendor A and B enterprise grade Wi-Fi APs with controller. 8 Aps with test APWi-Fi or LTE-U

Baseline:

8 Wi-Fi + Wi-Fi

Stress Test:

8 Wi-Fi + LTE-U

Vendor A

Vendor B

Wi-Fi vendor A

less aggressive

Wi-Fi vendor B

more aggressive

Mixture of Vendor A and

Bs enterprise Wi-Fi APs

44

LTE-U is a good neighbor regardless of Wi-Fi vendorUsing Qualcomm Technologies LTE/Wi-Fi coexistence test chamber

Vendor A and B enterprise grade Wi-Fi APs with controller. 8 Aps with test APWi-Fi or LTE-U

Vendor A

Vendor B

Mix of

vendor A/B

LTE-U maintains

overall Wi-Fi

performance

8 Wi-Fi + Wi-Fi 6.5

8 Wi-Fi + LTE-U 6.5

8 Wi-Fi + LTE-U

8 Wi-Fi + Wi-Fi 3.9

4.9

8 Wi-Fi + LTE-U

8 Wi-Fi + Wi-Fi 5.8

5.8

Average Wi-Fi throughput (Mbps)

or

with

Wi-Fi LTE-U

Wi-Fi

8X

45

Significant implementation variation in retail Wi-Fi access pointUsing Qualcomm Technologies LTE/Wi-Fi coexistence test chamber

Product diversity of 5 OEMs and 3 chipset-vendors. One common STA (11ac, 1x1) a top-selling mobile-device used for all cases

5 top-selling

retail APs determined from top

industry magazines

and online-retailers

Mix of vendors in a

network of 4 Wi-Fi APs Wide variationalso without

most aggressive Wi-Fi AP

One Wi-Fi AP grabbing

~10x more resources

APs Throughput (Mbps) Aggregate

(Mbps)AP 1 AP 2 AP 3 AP 4 AP 1 AP 2 AP 3 AP 4

A B C D 40.9 3.9 5.6 3.4 53.7

B C D E 19.4 8.2 7.4 12.9 47.9

C D E A 3.7 2.2 3.6 49.8 59.3

D E A B 4.8 4.6 40.8 4.7 54.9

E A B C 3.9 49.0 2.4 4.3 59.6

46

LTE-U ensures fair time sharing of the unlicensed channelUsing Qualcomm Technologies LTE/Wi-Fi coexistence test chamber

Testing pair-wise airtime sharing across 4 Wi-Fi AP models and between Wi-Fi/LTE-U Points

corresponding to all 4 Wi-Fi AP models

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1Duty Cycle

Percentage

CD

F

W in 1W+1W

W in 1W+1L

L in 1W+1L

LTE-U ensures a fair

~50% sharing

Wi-Fi

LTE-U

Or

with

with

Average across 4 Wi-Fi AP models

Wide variation in

Wi-Fi to Wi-Fi sharing

Anomaly due to one

Wi-Fi not following spec

Duty cycle distribution

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

47

Over-the-air campus network for testing LTE-U

Note: Wi-Fi AP 1 is above CCA-ED (CCA energy detect level at -62dBm where Wi-Fi backs off for other non-Wi0Di users). and Wi-Fi AP 2 is below CCA-ED,, which is used for some of the following test to show that LTE-U CSAT works well below Wi-Fis ED

Building WC

OTA Campus Network

Wi-Fi AP1(Above CCA-ED)

LTE-U eNB

Building WB

Wi-Fi AP2(Below CCA-ED)

48

Over-the-air Wi-Fi VoIP coexistence and quality ensuredUsing Qualcomm Technologies over-the-air outdoor campus network

1 Compliant with Wi-Fi Alliance's VoIP Enterprise specification: One way Delay < 50 ms maximum, maximum Jitter < 50ms maximum, Packet loss < 1%, Consecutive lost packets, no more than 3. Overall statics from 5 pairs of WiFi VoIP with LTE-U Presence.

Provision for Wi-Fi VoIP2ms puncturing introduces gaps to help Wi-Fi flush delay-sensitive data that may be queued due to LTE-U

LTE OFF

Time

40ms

LTE ON LTE ON

40ms

Downlink(Max one-way delay)

Uplink(Max one-way delay)

Probability of

Jitter > 50ms

Packet loss

rate

No change

0%

No change

0%

Increased

to 0.76%

Increased

to 0.08%

Wi-Fi + Wi-Wi 48ms

Wi-Fi + LTE-U 42ms

Wi-Fi + Wi-Wi 40ms

Wi-Fi + LTE-U 50ms

Compliant with

WFAs requirements1

49

The role of energy detection in Wi-Fi and LTE-U

1 Per 20MHz bandwidth

Wi-Fi detects Wi-Fi signals and backs

off for other usersnot for LTE-U Detect and decode a Wi-Fi signal (and Wi-Fi

preamble) to determine if channel is busy

carrier sensing.

Example

-62dbm1

Example

-82dbm1

Threshold for backing off to LTE-UBy detecting non-Wi-Fi energy. (Clear Channel

Assessment Energy Detect CCA-ED).

Wi-Fi

Receiver cannot detect

anything below noise floor

Received

signal

LTE-U

Energy Detect

LTE-U detects a Wi-Fi signal to

account for fair sharingDetect and decode a Wi-Fi signal (Wi-Fi

preamble) e.g. to estimate active Wi-Fi APs

LTE-U design will ensure fair sharing

with Wi-Fi below ED level, e.g. with

Wi-Fi network listen

Example

-90dbm1

CCA-CS: required threshold

for Wi-Fi to detect other Wi-Fi

50

LTE-U is a good neighbor below Energy Detect levelsUsing Qualcomm Technologies over-the-air outdoor campus network

Vendor A

Vendor B

Wi-Fi with other Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi with LTE-U

34.5

52.6

30.2

48

Vendor C


Wi-Fi with LTE-U

Wi-Fi better off

with LTE-U as

neighbor

30.0

37.9


Wi-Fi with LTE-U

The APs are below Energy Detect

-62dbm levels to each otherDownlink throughput (Mbps)

Wi-Fi

LTE-U

Or

with

with

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

51

LTE-U is a good neighbor above Energy Detect levelsUsing Qualcomm Technologies over-the-air outdoor campus network


Wi-Fi with LTE-U

30.7

28.0

23.7

24.1


Wi-Fi with LTE-ULTE-U is a good

neighbor to Wi-Fi

20.2

25.2


Wi-Fi with LTE-U

The APs are above Energy Detect

-62dbm levels to each other

Wi-Fi

LTE-U

Or

with

with

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

Vendor A

Vendor B

Vendor C

Downlink throughput (Mbps)

52

LTE-U is a good neighbor also for the uplinkUsing Qualcomm Technologies over-the-air outdoor campus network


Wi-Fi with LTE-U

34.8

33.5

20.6

36.8


Wi-Fi with LTE-U LTE-U is a good

neighbor to Wi-Fi

39.2

37.2

Uplink throughput (Mbps)


Wi-Fi with LTE-U

The APs are above Energy Detect

-62dbm levels to each other

Wi-Fi

LTE-U

Or

with

with

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

Vendor A

Vendor B

Vendor C

53

LTE Unlicensed is a good neighbor to Wi-Fi

Committed to LTE Unlicensed,

the Wi-Fi evolution, and LTE Wi-Fi convergence solutions

4

Extensive collaboration on

coexistence across mobile and

Wi-Fi industries.

3

Wi-Fi MuLTEfire

LTE-U/LAA

1Fair coexistence with Wi-Fi a key

principle in the design of LTE

unlicensed

2

Extensive LTE-U over-the-air

testing in lab/field proves fair

coexistence with Wi-FiWi-Fi

LTE

LTE-U

Forum

3GPP

54

Questions? - Connect with Us

@Qualcomm_tech

http://www.slideshare.net/qualcommwirelessevolution

http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8AD95E4F585237C1&feature=plcp

www.qualcomm.com/wireless

BLOGwww.qualcomm.com/news/onq

55

For more information, visit us at:

www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog

2013-2015 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.

Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. MuLTEfire and UltraSon are trademarks of Qualcomm

Incorporated. Other product and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.

References in this presentation to Qualcomm may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business units within the

Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.

Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomms licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary

of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomms engineering, research and de velopment functions, and substantially all of its

product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT.

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Documents

Making the Best Use of Unlicensed Spectrum Presentation