Making the Business Case for Adaptation

Analysis of costs and financial drivers for making a more resilient built environment

[Presenters name][Meeting name][Date]

Presentation contents

— Overview of training modules available in the series

— Risks and examples of climate impacts in the built environment

— Headlines from ‘Designing and Renovating Buildings’ chapter, ASC 2nd progress report

— Example costs for adaptation measures in individual buildings

— Climate Change Adaptation in the UK Built Environment (guidance)

Making the business case for adaptation

Other training modules in the series

— Statutory drivers for adaptation

— Making the business case for adaptation

— Green Infrastructure as an adaptation response

— How developments and buildings can be adapted so that they are resilient to climate change and extreme weather

— Addressing weather and climate risks through neighbourhood planning

— Achieving resilience to climate risks through local plans and supplementary planning guidance

Making the business case for adaptation

UK Climate Change Risk Assessment: Built Environment

Making the business case for adaptation

— Building temperature control

— Subsidence

— Flooding

— Water stress

Heatwave 2003

—2000 excess deaths due to heat in the UK

—Temperature of 39 ‘C was recorded in Brogdale in Kent on 10 August 2003

—Speed limits imposed by network rail due to risk of track buckling

—Tourism; London Eye closed one day as cabins became too hot

—It is thought to have cost European farming €13.1 billion from death of livestock

Making the business case for adaptation

“More than 20,000 people died after a record-breaking heatwave left Europe sweltering in August 2003”.

Damflask Reservoir, Yorkshire Water

Flooding 2007

—£1.2bn domestic claims

—£1bn cost to business

—£330m power and utilities

—£287m public health costs

—£230m communications (incl roads)

—£50m damage to agriculture

—400,000 school days lost

Making the business case for adaptation

“Broad-scale estimates made shortly after the floods put the total losses at about £4 billion, of which insurable losses were reported to be about £3 billion.”.

2012 Weather Extremes, from drought to floods

— A dry start to the year lead to hosepipe bans in some areas

— A warm and dry March gave way to the wettest April – June period on record

— The total UK rainfall in June was twice the 1971 – 2000 average

— Extreme rainfall event ‘Thunder Thursday’ in the North East caused £8m in damage

— 8000 properties were flooded in 2012

Making the business case for adaptation

Early fears of drought turned to record breaking rainfall.

Designing and renovating buildings

“Buildings are a priority area for adaptation, because decisions concerning design, construction and renovation are long lasting and may be costly to reverse”.

Making the business case for adaptation

—Buildings already vulnerable to flood, storms, overheating, subsidence

—Plumbing, domestic appliances and occupant behaviour influence water demand

—Rising temperatures may make buildings more uncomfortable

—More extreme weather events may expose occupants to greater risk

Identifying low regret ‘property level’ adaptation measures

Case study areas - South East and the Aire Valley in Yorkshire & Humber considered:

water stress - heat stress - flooding

Cost benefit analysis for adaptation is significantly more challenging due to:

The methodology focused on:

—Low regret measures that perform well against a range of climate scenarios

—The benefit of individual measures to enable comparison between options

Making the business case for adaptation

Uncertainty of future impacts

Calculating monetary value for

the loss averted

Scaling up local data to national

level

Water efficient measures analysed

Making the business case for adaptation

Measure Additional cost per household - retrofit

Additional cost per household – end of life upgrade

Additional cost per household – new build

Dual-flush WC £230 - 540 0 n/a

Low-flow shower £250 - 430 0 n/a

Low-flow tap (pair) £100 - 210 0 n/a

Low-volume, gravity rain water system

£1,000 0 £900

Short-retention grey water system

£1,920 - £2,220 0 £1,730 - £2,000

Flood resistant and resilient measures analysed

Making the business case for adaptation

Measure Additional cost per household - retrofit

Additional cost per household - repair

Additional cost per household – new build

Mount boilers on wall £1,000 £150 0

Move washing machine to first floor

£600 £200 0

Replace ovens with raised built under type

£650 - 750 £200 0

Move electrics well above likely flood level

£700 - £1,100 £250 - £500 0

Install chemical damp-proof course below joist level

£5,090 - £9,270 £2,660 - £4,930 0

Raise floor above most likely flood level

£28,200 - £44,700 £11,000 to £ 18,350 0

Replace doors, windows, frames with water resistant alternatives

£8,110 - £15,010 £3,710 - £6,640 £3,340 - £5,970

Passive cooling measures analysed

Making the business case for adaptation

Measure Additional cost per household - retrofit

Additional cost per household – new build

High thermal mass + night cooling by natural ventilation

£2,130 - £4,580 £680 - £1,530

External shutters £1,000 - £1,200 £900 - £1,080

High thermal mass + night cooling by natural ventilation + solar shading + reduced internal gains + high roof albedo

£2,130 - £4,580 £680 - £1,530

Whole house ventilation + high thermal mass + no window opening

£2,130 - £4580 £680 - £1530

Climate Change Adaptation in the UK Built Environment

New guidance for those working in the built environment sector, including planners, developers and designers on:

—How to assess and communicate the business case for climate change adaption in the built environment, and

—How to achieve developments which are resilient to the effects of a changing climate.

Making the business case for adaptation

Oxford University Press, Oxford – Hoare Lea

The guidance comprises short “How to” guides built

around a four stage risk assessment process

Developing an effective business case

There are 3 key principles that are critical to developing an effective business case for climate change adaptation in the built environment:

Making the business case for adaptation

Early identification and prioritisation of climate risks

Assess and address climate risks early to facilitate ‘no regret’ / ‘low regret’ adaptation

Design in ‘adaptive capacity’ - where climate risks are uncertain or long term

References

— UK Climate Change Risk Assessment, DEFRA

— MET Office, Education

— The costs of the summer 2007 floods in England, Environment Agency

— Adaptation Sub Committee (ASC) 2nd progress report 2011

— Climate Change Adaptation in the UK Built Environment, Climate Ready

Making the business case for adaptation

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Making the business case for adaptation