Malaria

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So what did we learn?

Our Method: A simple technique of using questionnaires and thorough internet research

Our Aim: To find about malaria and learn about the different types of protection for malaria and how effective each of they are.

What is Malaria

Malaria is a potentially fatal tropical disease that

is caused by a parasite known as Plasmodium. It

spreads through the bite of an Anopheles mosquito. It is estimated that there are 300-500 million new cases every year, with 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths worldwide.

It mainly occurs in LEDCs continents like Africa, Asia and South America

Types of malaria

• Plasmodium falciparum

• Plasmodium vivax

• Plasmodium ovale

• Plasmodium malariae

Life cycle of Malaria

Deadly and Dangerous

So, how do we know we got malaria?

• The infected person may have feverish attacks, influenza-like symptoms, tiredness,

diarrhoea or a whole range of other symptoms.

Lets get straight to the point

What kind of people did we ask?

• Experienced students

• Doctors

• Researchers

• Lecturers

• Parasitologists

Why did we ask these people?

• They were mainly involved with protection for Malaria and had been involved in many overseas work concerning malaria.

• E.g One person had lived, worked and visited many countries Asia and Africa

What types of protection are there?

• Mosquito nets• Insecticide treating • Use plants that repel

mosquitoes.• Use fish that eat

mosquito Larvae

• Cover water using polystyrene

• Appropriate clothing• Mosquito coils • Remove nearby pools

of water• Use of drugs e.g

Chloroquine, Tetracycline.

What is the most effective?

These two types of protection arouse in every completed questionnaire:

• Bed Nets with Insecticide

• Drugs such as Chloroquine

However Dr Chris Curtis believes that it is a mixture of things

Vaccines

• A majority of people believe that Vaccines will be found in the future. However many are concerned how long it will take. Possibly 50 years or next year; the future is unpredictable!

“An effective vaccine against malaria has been developed and could be licensed by 2010, scientists say.” taken from BBC News

Here are some opinions:• Well, parasites are

clever bugs.• There aren’t any

vaccines for protozoal diseases yet.

• Poor countries cannot afford it and MEDCs do not benefit.

• Not enough money

• It is hard to find vaccines due to different types of malaria

• Not easy• Boring research• Parasites undergo

different life stages• The parasite becomes

undetectable in the body• Simply difficult• Not enough motivation

What are the problems of finding a vaccine?

Individual Work

Ishan, Pelumi and Ibrahim

Malaria

Sri Lanka

The amount of Plasmodium falciparum

cases in the country

The amount of Plasmodium

vivax cases in the country

Who is responsible?

• The main carrier of these parasites are known as the ‘Anopheles culicifacies’ , a type of mosquito.

• Mainly evident in stagnant water and is mostly dependent on temporal variations in rainfall.

Under Control

The use of medicine such as Chloroquine and primaquine.

However people attempt to avoid the vector with the popularised use of bed nets and indoor spraying.

Malaria

Nigeria

Malaria in Nigeria

• Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax can be mainly found in the tropical parts of Nigeria.

• Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly out of all the four types of malaria infection.

• Plasmodium vivax,70 to 80 million reported cases in Africa.

Treatments•Treated nets

•Mosquito coils

•Insecticide spray

•Treated clothing

•Chroloquine sulphate and other drugs.

•Many more………..

MOZAMBIQUE

Malaria in Mozambique

• Mozambique among top 10 nations affected by malaria

• 60% of patients in paediatric wards are there as a result of malaria illness

• Malaria is the leading cause of death in hospitals, causing almost 30% of all deaths recorded.

Malaria in Mozambique

• Plasmodium falciparum is most found the type of malaria in Mozambique

• It is responsible for 90% of malaria infected disease• Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale are

also found in Mozambique• P. malariae account for 9.1% and P. ovale is 0.9%.

Health Care

Access to health care in Mozambique is very low.

50% of the population live an estimated 20km or move away from the nearest hospital.

Treating Malaria

Drugs like Chloroquine

Insecticide-treated nets

Mozambique was involved in the experiment of vaccine experiment which involved 2,022

children in southern Mozambique.

Thank you for listening

Any Questions?