Malaysian Junior Scientist Project

8/7/2019 Malaysian Junior Scientist Project

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Malaysian Junior

Scientist Project


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1.Introduction of Malaysia


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Area: 331,800 sq.km. (Peninsular Malaysia 131,235 sq.km; Sabah 76,115 sq.km;

Sarawak

124,450 sq.km).

Population: 13,745,200 (1980). Peninsular Malaysia 11,426,600; Sabah 1,011,000;Sarawak

1,307,600.

The Federation of Malaysia is geographically split into West Malaysia (Peninsular

Malaysia)

and East Malaysia (the States of Sabah and Sarawak in northern Borneo).

Peninsular MalaysiaPeninsular Malaysia is located at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula, extending

from

latitude l20'N to 640'N and from longtitude 9935'E to 10420'E. To the east it is

bounded

by the South China Sea; to the west by the Straits of Melaka. It shares a common

boundarywith Thailand in the north and is separated from the island of Singapore in the south by

the

narrow Straits of Johor. The Peninsula's greatest length is 736 km, with a maximum

width of

322 km. Its coastline extends some 1,930 km.


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2. Introduction of SEED2. Introduction of SEED


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SEEDs curriculum and its volunteersSEEDs curriculum and its volunteers

together scientist, teacher, and student fortogether scientist, teacher, and student forintensive handsintensive hands--on workshops on globalon workshops on globalthemes that include water, climatethemes that include water, climatechange, and energy, SEED gives youngchange, and energy, SEED gives youngpeople a tangible opportunity topeople a tangible opportunity toparticipate in the economic and socialparticipate in the economic and socialadvantages afforded by access to newadvantages afforded by access to new

knowledge and technologies.knowledge and technologies.


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3. Title of 2009 (SharedWater Shared

Opportunities) A chemist's view of the world is not as narrow as one

might think! Yes, we start with the atom, and then go on tothe rules governing the kinds of structural units that can bemade from them. We are taught early on to predict theproperties of bulk matter from these geometricarrangements.

And then we come to H2O, and are shocked to find thatmany of these predictions are way off, and that water (andby implication, life itself) should not even exist on ourplanet! But we soon learn that this tiny combination of three

nuclei and ten electrons possesses special properties thatmake it unique among the more than 15 million chemicalspecies we presently know. When we stop to ponder theconsequences of this, chemistry moves from being an arcanescience to a voyage of wonder and pleasure as we learn torelate the microscopic world of the atom to the greaterworld in which we all live.


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4.Uses of Malaysian water sources4.Uses of Malaysian water sources

(rivers)(rivers) Water resources are sources ofWater resources are sources ofwaterwaterthat are useful or potentially useful tothat are useful or potentially useful to humanshumans. Uses of water. Uses of water

includeinclude agriculturalagricultural,, industrialindustrial,, householdhousehold,, recreationalrecreational andand environmentalenvironmental activities. Virtually all of theseactivities. Virtually all of thesehuman uses requirehuman uses require fresh waterfresh water..

97.5% of water on the Earth is salt water, leaving only97.5% of water on the Earth is salt water, leaving only 1.5%1.5% as fresh water of which over two thirds isas fresh water of which over two thirds isfrozen infrozen in glaciersglaciers andand polarpolar ice capsice caps. The remaining unfrozen freshwater is mainly found as groundwater,. The remaining unfrozen freshwater is mainly found as groundwater,with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air.with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air.[1][1]

Fresh water is aFresh water is a renewable resourcerenewable resource, yet the world's supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing., yet the world's supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing.Water demand alreadyWater demand already exceeds supplyexceeds supply in many parts of the world and as thein many parts of the world and as the world populationworld population continuescontinuesto rise, so too does the water demand. Awareness of the global importance of preservingto rise, so too does the water demand. Awareness of the global importance of preserving waterwaterforforecosystem servicesecosystem services has only recently emerged as, during the 20th century, more than half the worldshas only recently emerged as, during the 20th century, more than half the worldswetlandswetlands have been lost along with their valuable environmental services.have been lost along with their valuable environmental services. BiodiversityBiodiversity--richrich freshwaterfreshwaterecosystems are currently declining faster thanecosystems are currently declining faster than marinemarine or landor land ecosystemsecosystems..[2][2] The framework forThe framework forallocating water resources to water users (where such a framework exists) is known asallocating water resources to water users (where such a framework exists) is known as water rightswater rightsWaterWaterresourcesresources are sources ofare sources ofwaterwaterthat are useful or potentially useful tothat are useful or potentially useful to humanshumans. Uses of water include. Uses of water include agriculturalagricultural,,industrialindustrial,, householdhousehold,, recreationalrecreational andand environmentalenvironmental activities. Virtually all of these human uses requireactivities. Virtually all of these human uses require freshfreshwaterwater..

97.5% of water on the Earth is salt water, leaving only97.5% of water on the Earth is salt water, leaving only 1.5%1.5% as fresh water of which over two thirds is frozen inas fresh water of which over two thirds is frozen inglaciersglaciers andand polarpolar ice capsice caps. The remaining unfrozen freshwater is mainly found as groundwater, with only a small. The remaining unfrozen freshwater is mainly found as groundwater, with only a smallfraction present above ground or in the air.fraction present above ground or in the air.[1][1]

Fresh water is aFresh water is a renewable resourcerenewable resource, yet the world's supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing. Water, yet the world's supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing. Waterdemand alreadydemand already exceeds supplyexceeds supply in many parts of the world and as thein many parts of the world and as the world populationworld population continues to rise, so toocontinues to rise, so toodoes the water demand. Awareness of the global importance of preservingdoes the water demand. Awareness of the global importance of preserving waterwaterforforecosystem servicesecosystem services has onlyhas onlyrecently emerged as, during the 20th century, more than half the worldsrecently emerged as, during the 20th century, more than half the worlds wetlandswetlands have been lost along with theirhave been lost along with theirvaluable environmental services.valuable environmental services.


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POEM OF WATER

Water is the key to survive

The treasured sea of pure life

We bath and we use water

Or risk emitting a nasty odour

Like one emerging from the gutter

When we are thirsty, we drink water

Otherwise sooner commit the do-it-yourself murder

While we cook, we introduce and include water

Whether we use temperatures that are colder or hotter

Everywhere you can see its presence

Glittering with an air of essence

When I am sad, I cry water

When it rains, it pours water

When I clean, I employ waterWhen I play, I apply water

When I am sick, I pee water

And I look at the sea and see water

Put together all men, women and children

In no chronological order

Water is still much stronger

In its simple form of oxygen and hydrogen

Shania Fernandes


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Uses of Malaysian water sourcesUses of Malaysian water sources

(River)(River)

Domestic useDomestic use

As source of incomeAs source of income

Linking remote riversideLinking remote riversidecommunitiescommunities

For recreational activitiesFor recreational activities


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Water Pollution factors at MalaysiaWater Pollution factors at Malaysia


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4. SMK Puchong Utama (1)

on Action


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5. Objective

~ To increase knowledge and awareness

of local water quality issues

~ To sample and test the quality of waterin the community

~ To examine the organisms under the

microscope


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6. Purpose~ Gain knowledge among the students

~ Increase awareness the quality ofwater around us

~ An extra co-curricular activity


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7. Action Points (Taman Tasik7. Action Points (Taman Tasik

Prima)Prima)

TAMAN TASIK PRIMATAMAN TASIK PRIMATAMAN TASIK PRIMA


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Nitrate experiment

Nitrogen is essential for plant growth.

Fish obtain the nitrogen they need by eating

aquatic plants or by eating other fish that feed

upon plants.Excessive nitrogen represents a major pollution

problem.


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Dissolved oxygenDissolved oxygen

experimentexperiment Dissolved oxygen analysis measures the amount ofDissolved oxygen analysis measures the amount of

gaseous oxygen (02) dissolved in an aqueousgaseous oxygen (02) dissolved in an aqueoussolution.solution.

Oxygen gets into water gets into water by diffusionOxygen gets into water gets into water by diffusionfrom the surrounding air, by aeration (rapidfrom the surrounding air, by aeration (rapidmovement), and as a waste products ofmovement), and as a waste products ofphotosynthesis.photosynthesis.

When performing the dissolved oxygen test, onlyWhen performing the dissolved oxygen test, onlygrab samples should be used, and the analysisgrab samples should be used, and the analysisshould be performed immediately.should be performed immediately.

Therefore, this is a field test that should beTherefore, this is a field test that should beperformed on site.performed on site.


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pH EXPERIMENT A measure of ions (H+), pH expresses the intensity of the

basic or acid condition of a liquid on a scale from 0 to 14.

Pure water contains an equal number of hydrogen and

hydroxyl (OH-) ions and is considered neutral (pH7). Natural waters exhibit a pH ranging from 6.5 to 8.2.

Very strong acids such as hydrochloric acid have a pH of 0,and very basic substances, such as sodium hydroxide, a pHof 14.

Most aquatic life has adapted to specific acidity and even aslight change in pH can wipe out a whole population.


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Phosphate experimentPhosphate experiment

Phosphorous is an essential element for life; its isPhosphorous is an essential element for life; its isneeded for plant growth, and in the metabolic reaction ofneeded for plant growth, and in the metabolic reaction ofplants and animals.plants and animals.

The amount found in clean water is generally small, notThe amount found in clean water is generally small, not

more than 0.1 part per million. Larger amounts ofmore than 0.1 part per million. Larger amounts ofphosphates in polluted water cause extensive algalphosphates in polluted water cause extensive algalgrowth, called blooms.growth, called blooms.

When algae die, oxygen is used in the decompositionWhen algae die, oxygen is used in the decompositionprocess, and the fish population is usually wiped out.process, and the fish population is usually wiped out.

Some of the source of phosphate pollution are: sewageSome of the source of phosphate pollution are: sewagefrom wastewater treatment plants, animals and industrialfrom wastewater treatment plants, animals and industrialwastes, fertilizers, and soil erosion.wastes, fertilizers, and soil erosion.


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BOD experimentBOD experiment

Biochemical Oxygen Demand is importantBiochemical Oxygen Demand is importantbecause it shows the amount of organicbecause it shows the amount of organicmatter that is in the water.matter that is in the water.

It is the measure of the amount of oxygenIt is the measure of the amount of oxygenthat would be consumed if bacteria andthat would be consumed if bacteria andprotozoa oxidized all of the organic matterprotozoa oxidized all of the organic matterin one liter of water.in one liter of water.

If the level is to low, it could put aquaticIf the level is to low, it could put aquaticorganisms at risk.organisms at risk.


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Turbidity ExperimentTurbidity Experiment

Turbidity is a measure of theTurbidity is a measure of the

amount of suspended particlesamount of suspended particles

in the water, Algae, suspendedin the water, Algae, suspended

sediment, and organic matter insediment, and organic matter in

the water increase turbidity tothe water increase turbidity to

unhealthy levels for certainunhealthy levels for certain

organisms.organisms. Water with high turbidity isWater with high turbidity is

harmful to plans and fish, andharmful to plans and fish, and

aquatic life may be wiped out.aquatic life may be wiped out.


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Temperature Experiment Some organisms prefer cooler water, such as

trout; other thrive under warmer conditions, suchas carp and dragonfly nymphs.

Few organisms can tolerate extremes of heat orcold.

Among the sources of thermal pollution areindustries that use river water to cool machineryand warm water that runs off from streets andparking lots.

Cutting trees has several adverse effects on awatershed: It eliminates shady areas, addingwarmer runoffs to river, and it induces soilerosion, which increases the amount of suspendedsolids in the rivers water.

Turbid, cloudy water absorbs the suns rays,causing water temperature to rise.


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Coliform Bacteria ExperimentColiform Bacteria Experiment

These bacteria occur naturally in humanThese bacteria occur naturally in humanand other animals digestive tracts; theyand other animals digestive tracts; theyaid in the digestion of food, and are notaid in the digestion of food, and are not

usually harmful.usually harmful.Fecal coliform levels are monitoredFecal coliform levels are monitoredbecause of a link between fecal coliformbecause of a link between fecal coliformand diseaseand disease--causing bacteria. Fecalcausing bacteria. Fecalcoliform bacteria are absent in unpollutedcoliform bacteria are absent in unpollutedwaters.waters.


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Killing BacteriaKilling Bacteria

The container had been boiled in boiling

water for 15 minute before start an

experiment.

This step had been done to prevent the

present of bacteria.


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ResultResult

Dissolved oxygen~ PositiveDissolved oxygen~ Positive

pH~ 8 3(good)pH~ 8 3(good)

Phosphate~ 1ppm 4(excellent)Phosphate~ 1ppm 4(excellent)

Turbidity~ 40JTU 3(good)Turbidity~ 40JTU 3(good)

BOD~ 4ppm 3(good)BOD~ 4ppm 3(good)

Temperature~ >10`C (30`C) 1(poor)Temperature~ >10`C (30`C) 1(poor)

Nitrate~ 5ppm 2(fair)Nitrate~ 5ppm 2(fair)

Coliform Bacteria~ PositiveColiform Bacteria~ Positive


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8.Conclusion8.Conclusion

Overall the lakes water clarity and itsOverall the lakes water clarity and its

surrounding was moderate.surrounding was moderate.

Hope

officers b

emor

eresponsibl

eof th

eHop

eoffic

ers b

emor

eresponsibl

eof th

e

environment.environment.


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ByBy

Bharate~ Project Leader


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Ezza Natasha~ Water Sampler/Preparation


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Nithyah~ Photographer/Designer


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Nurul Atika~ Reporter


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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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Malaysian Junior Scientist Project