Malaysian Technical Malaysian Technical Cooperation Program. Cooperation Program.

Fisheries Resource Fisheries Resource management Coursemanagement Course

Country Report: Country Report:

SABAH, MALAYSIASABAH, MALAYSIA

MR. PETRUS LANDONG

Fisheries Department, Sabah,Malaysia

IntroductionIntroduction

SARAWAK

SARAWAK

SABAH

PERLIS

KEDAH

PERAK

SELANGOR

NEGERISEMBILAN

MELAKAJOHOR

PAHANG

TERENGGANU

KELANTAN

MALAYSIA : BY STATE

PULAUPINANG

SOUTH CHINA SEA

STASTRAITSOF MALACCA

INDONESIA

THAILAND

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO SABAHSABAH• Sabah, the second largest state in Malaysia, Sabah, the second largest state in Malaysia,

is situated at the northern part of the island is situated at the northern part of the island of Borneo, the third largest island in the of Borneo, the third largest island in the world. It covers an area of 72,500 sq. world. It covers an area of 72,500 sq. kilometers with a coastline of 1,440 kilometers with a coastline of 1,440 kilometers long washed by the South China kilometers long washed by the South China Sea in the West, the Sulu Sea in the Sea in the West, the Sulu Sea in the Northeast and the Celebes Sea in the East. Northeast and the Celebes Sea in the East.

• Known to the world as Known to the world as "THE LAND BELOW "THE LAND BELOW THE WIND",THE WIND", Sabah is rich not only in natural Sabah is rich not only in natural beauty and resources, but also in the beauty and resources, but also in the cultural heritage of its people. cultural heritage of its people.

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO SABAHSABAH

The Largest Flower in The World Mount Kinabalu, highest mountain in Asia

Flora and FaunaFlora and Fauna

• Sabah is a botanical paradise. The world's largest flower, Sabah is a botanical paradise. The world's largest flower, Rafflesia whose huge red bloom can grow up to a metre in Rafflesia whose huge red bloom can grow up to a metre in diameter, is found in Sabah. Many species of orchids, diameter, is found in Sabah. Many species of orchids, pitcher plants and rhododendrons are endemic to Sabah.pitcher plants and rhododendrons are endemic to Sabah.

• Sabah is also a rugged country. The mountainous terrain Sabah is also a rugged country. The mountainous terrain are intersected by many rivers which flow through valleys are intersected by many rivers which flow through valleys across fertile plains. The jungles and forests are interlaced across fertile plains. The jungles and forests are interlaced with numerous caves and there is the majestic Kinabalu, with numerous caves and there is the majestic Kinabalu, the highest mountain in Southeast Asia towering 4,101 the highest mountain in Southeast Asia towering 4,101 metres.metres.

• The lush greenery provides home for wildlife such as the The lush greenery provides home for wildlife such as the Sumatran Rhinoceros, Orang-Utan, Elephant, Mouse deer, Sumatran Rhinoceros, Orang-Utan, Elephant, Mouse deer, Monkey, Flying Squirrel, Barking deer and birds.Monkey, Flying Squirrel, Barking deer and birds.

Sabah's People and Sabah's People and HistoryHistory• Sabah is also endowed with a heterogenous population. The Sabah is also endowed with a heterogenous population. The

indigenous population are made up of some 30 groups using more indigenous population are made up of some 30 groups using more than 50 indigenous languages and not less than 80 dialects.than 50 indigenous languages and not less than 80 dialects.

• The main ethnic groups are: the Dusun/Kadazan - the largest The main ethnic groups are: the Dusun/Kadazan - the largest group who make up nearly one third of the population, the Murut, group who make up nearly one third of the population, the Murut, the Paitan and the Bajau. Other indigenous groups include the the Paitan and the Bajau. Other indigenous groups include the Bonggi, the Iranun, the Ida'an and the Brunei. In addition, the Bonggi, the Iranun, the Ida'an and the Brunei. In addition, the Chinese make up the main nonindigenous group. Therefore, the Chinese make up the main nonindigenous group. Therefore, the people of Sabah are varied in their respective cultural people of Sabah are varied in their respective cultural backgrounds.backgrounds.

• Based on archaeological findings, Sabah was inhabited by people Based on archaeological findings, Sabah was inhabited by people from as early as 28,000 years ago. Islam came to Sabah towards from as early as 28,000 years ago. Islam came to Sabah towards the end of the 15 and 16 centuries Through the Arab and Indian the end of the 15 and 16 centuries Through the Arab and Indian traders and also as a result of the expansion of the Brunei Malay traders and also as a result of the expansion of the Brunei Malay Sultanate.Sultanate.

Sabah’s People and HistorySabah’s People and History

• It was another two centuries more before the It was another two centuries more before the Europeans came to Sabah. In 1775, the British East-Europeans came to Sabah. In 1775, the British East-India Company opened a trading base in India Company opened a trading base in Balembangan Island. However, it was the British Balembangan Island. However, it was the British North Borneo Chartered Company who effectively North Borneo Chartered Company who effectively ruled Sabah from 1881 until 1942 when the Japanese ruled Sabah from 1881 until 1942 when the Japanese occupied the state. After the devastation of the War, occupied the state. After the devastation of the War, Sabah became a British Crown Colony until 31 Sabah became a British Crown Colony until 31 August 1963 when it obtained self-government from August 1963 when it obtained self-government from the British. On 16 September 1963, Sabah together the British. On 16 September 1963, Sabah together with Sarawak, Singapore and Malaya joined the with Sarawak, Singapore and Malaya joined the Federation of Malaysia.Federation of Malaysia.

   

Sabah's People and Sabah's People and HistoryHistory• Sabah is also endowed with a heterogenous population. The Sabah is also endowed with a heterogenous population. The

indigenous population are made up of some 30 groups indigenous population are made up of some 30 groups using more than 50 indigenous languages and not less than using more than 50 indigenous languages and not less than 80 dialects.80 dialects.

• The main ethnic groups are: the Dusun/Kadazan - the The main ethnic groups are: the Dusun/Kadazan - the largest group who make up nearly one third of the largest group who make up nearly one third of the population, the Murut, the Paitan and the Bajau. Other population, the Murut, the Paitan and the Bajau. Other indigenous groups include the Bonggi, the Iranun, the indigenous groups include the Bonggi, the Iranun, the Ida'an and the Brunei. In addition, the Chinese make up the Ida'an and the Brunei. In addition, the Chinese make up the main nonindigenous group. Therefore, the people of Sabah main nonindigenous group. Therefore, the people of Sabah are varied in their respective cultural backgrounds.are varied in their respective cultural backgrounds.

• Based on archaeological findings, Sabah was inhabited by Based on archaeological findings, Sabah was inhabited by people from as early as 28,000 years ago. Islam came to people from as early as 28,000 years ago. Islam came to Sabah towards the end of the 15 and 16 centuries Ihrough Sabah towards the end of the 15 and 16 centuries Ihrough the Arab and Indian traders and also as a result of the the Arab and Indian traders and also as a result of the expansion of the Brunei Malay Sultanate.expansion of the Brunei Malay Sultanate.

Sabah's People and Sabah's People and HistoryHistory• Sabah is also endowed with a heterogenous population. The Sabah is also endowed with a heterogenous population. The

indigenous population are made up of some 30 groups indigenous population are made up of some 30 groups using more than 50 indigenous languages and not less than using more than 50 indigenous languages and not less than 80 dialects.80 dialects.

• The main ethnic groups are: the Dusun/Kadazan - the The main ethnic groups are: the Dusun/Kadazan - the largest group who make up nearly one third of the largest group who make up nearly one third of the population, the Murut, the Paitan and the Bajau. Other population, the Murut, the Paitan and the Bajau. Other indigenous groups include the Bonggi, the Iranun, the indigenous groups include the Bonggi, the Iranun, the Ida'an and the Brunei. In addition, the Chinese make up the Ida'an and the Brunei. In addition, the Chinese make up the main nonindigenous group. Therefore, the people of Sabah main nonindigenous group. Therefore, the people of Sabah are varied in their respective cultural backgrounds.are varied in their respective cultural backgrounds.

• Based on archaeological findings, Sabah was inhabited by Based on archaeological findings, Sabah was inhabited by people from as early as 28,000 years ago. Islam came to people from as early as 28,000 years ago. Islam came to Sabah towards the end of the 15 and 16 centuries Ihrough Sabah towards the end of the 15 and 16 centuries Ihrough the Arab and Indian traders and also as a result of the the Arab and Indian traders and also as a result of the expansion of the Brunei Malay Sultanate.expansion of the Brunei Malay Sultanate.

Sabah PopulationSabah Population

2003: 2003:

2.05 million people2.05 million people

2004: 2004:

2.58 2.58 million peoplemillion people

Ethnic Group : 32 Ethnic Group : 32

Langguage:Langguage:

Melayu, Cina, Bajau, Kadazan. Dusun, Melayu, Cina, Bajau, Kadazan. Dusun, suluk, sungai, rungus, tatana, suluk, sungai, rungus, tatana,

kadayan, murut dllkadayan, murut dll

Sabah:Sabah:

73,997 square kilo meter73,997 square kilo meter

GDP GDP (2003)(2003)

GDP Sabah: RM 394, 200 milionGDP Sabah: RM 394, 200 milion

The contribution of the Agriculture The contribution of the Agriculture Sector to GDP of Sabah: 26 %Sector to GDP of Sabah: 26 %

The Fisheries Subsector contribute The Fisheries Subsector contribute 2.8% to the GDP Sabah.2.8% to the GDP Sabah.

Industries In Sabah :Industries In Sabah :

• Main Export : RM19,050.8 milMain Export : RM19,050.8 mil

• Oil palm : 36 %Oil palm : 36 %

• Petroleum (raw) : 22 %Petroleum (raw) : 22 %

• Ply Wood (common): 6 %Ply Wood (common): 6 %

• Pal cornel Oil : 4 %Pal cornel Oil : 4 %

• Sawn Timber :3%Sawn Timber :3%

• Methanol: 2%Methanol: 2%

• Others : 26 %Others : 26 %

Fisheries Industry:Fisheries Industry:

Manpower:Manpower:

Fisheries provides jobs to 29,000 Fisheries provides jobs to 29,000 fishers.fishers.

• Fishermen(Nelayan) : 22,000 Fishermen(Nelayan) : 22,000

• Culturists(Penternak): 7,000Culturists(Penternak): 7,000

To increase fish production for food and To increase fish production for food and export,export,

To increase productivity and competencyTo increase productivity and competency

To increase investment in private sector,To increase investment in private sector,

Exploitation and rehabilitation of fisheries Exploitation and rehabilitation of fisheries resources sustainability,resources sustainability,

Human resource development and Human resource development and

The rationalization of institution involve in The rationalization of institution involve in fisheries. fisheries.

Objective NAPS2 :

Organization Structure. Organization Structure.

Deputy director

Fishery Director

Assistant 2Assistant Director 1

Research DivisionMarine Division

Communication Inland Fishery

Aquaculture Statistic

Resource Division Regional Development

Administration

Account

27 District FisheriesLegal/Enforcement

Fisheries ProductionFisheries ProductionYearYear AquaAqua CaptureCapture Total Total

19951995 1165411654 166462166462 178116178116

19961996 1263012630 180143180143 192773192773

19971997 1354613546 174265174265 187811187811

19981998 1343913439 196227196227 209666209666

19991999 1056110561 207213207213 217774217774

20002000 1232512325 202862202862 215187215187

20012001 1554015540 178046178046 193586193586

20022002 1145311453 175122175122 186575186575

20032003 1178411784 160269160269 172053172053

20042004 1187911879 180587180587 192466192466

Total Value: RM 667 jutaTotal Value: RM 667 jutaExsport: 56,700 tm (RM401 juta)Exsport: 56,700 tm (RM401 juta)

Status of DOF SabahStatus of DOF Sabah

• Fisheries sector is one of the important Fisheries sector is one of the important component to Sabah Economy.component to Sabah Economy.

• Contribute 2.4% of RM10 billion in 2003Contribute 2.4% of RM10 billion in 2003• Fisheries Industry contribute > RM600 million Fisheries Industry contribute > RM600 million

per year in value.per year in value.• Aquaculture contribute 5.7%(11,000metric Aquaculture contribute 5.7%(11,000metric

ton)ton)- Marine Fish CaptureMarine Fish Capture- Aquaculture – Marine and InlandAquaculture – Marine and Inland- Processing of fish productsProcessing of fish products- And Ornamental fishAnd Ornamental fish

Status Status

a.a. Development and commodity production:Development and commodity production:2004 ;2004 ;- 192,521 Metric ton192,521 Metric ton- 180,475 metric ton or 95% -marine 180,475 metric ton or 95% -marine

capture.capture.- Aquaculture produce – 11,097 metric tonAquaculture produce – 11,097 metric ton- Capture (lake and rivers) 111 metric ton.Capture (lake and rivers) 111 metric ton.- Deep sea Fishing – 18,435.47 metric tonDeep sea Fishing – 18,435.47 metric ton- Prawn (tiger prawn) – 2,241 metric ton. Prawn (tiger prawn) – 2,241 metric ton.

Generally increase in 12%Generally increase in 12%

Cont…….Cont…….

b. Export b. Export (commodity)(commodity)

Year Species(all) Value(RM)

2003 56,684.41 401.23

Cont…..Cont…..

Processed Processed commodity:commodity:

Year Species     Value(RM)

  Surimi      

2003 Semi refined carragenan   12million

  Tin crabs    

  Fish meals      

Cont…Cont…

D. Fishers and Production Units:D. Fishers and Production Units:

In 2004 - 54 companies were new In 2004 - 54 companies were new players involved in the Fisheries players involved in the Fisheries

industries.industries.

The policies on the conservation and The policies on the conservation and rehabilitation limits new players into rehabilitation limits new players into

the fisheries industry.the fisheries industry.

Cont..Cont..

E. Envestment in the E. Envestment in the fisheries Industry.fisheries Industry.

No. Small Sector Investment Value

1 Fish capture(marine) RM45.5million

2 Marine Aquaculture RM15.1 million

3 Processing RM57.595million

4 Freshwater Aquaculture RM643.700

Cont..Cont..

F. Organisation DevelopmentF. Organisation Development

Responsible for the affair of the Responsible for the affair of the fishers. Clustering of fisher in order fishers. Clustering of fisher in order for the government to facilitate or for the government to facilitate or deliver project in a more efficient deliver project in a more efficient way.way.

Cont…Cont…

G. Human Resource Development:G. Human Resource Development:

To transformed the Fisheries industry. To transformed the Fisheries industry. To trained the stakeholder especially To trained the stakeholder especially fishers in various skills, knowledge fishers in various skills, knowledge pertaining to the trend in fishing pertaining to the trend in fishing

environment, capture industry, fish environment, capture industry, fish culture and the living aquatic culture and the living aquatic

towards a “knowledge industry” towards a “knowledge industry”

Cont…Cont…

No. Small Sector Total

1 Fish capture 112

2 Aquaculture 486

3 Processing 47

  Total 645

Cont..Cont..

H. Rehabilitation of Natural Resources:H. Rehabilitation of Natural Resources:

1.1. Licensing – 3,921 license was issued in 2004.Licensing – 3,921 license was issued in 2004.

2.2. Artificial Reefs – are operated by DoF and Artificial Reefs – are operated by DoF and LKIM. In 2004, 80 blocks of cement LKIM. In 2004, 80 blocks of cement

and170,748 used tires in an identified and170,748 used tires in an identified location for the program.location for the program.

3.3. Community based resource management. Community based resource management.

Year No. Of Rivers Total District

2004 12 >200 10

CONT..CONT..

I.I. Incentives and Incentives and Fiscal Fiscal

a.a. Credit and fiscal Credit and fiscal

b.b. Food for fundFood for fund

Year Projects Company Total incentives

2003-2004 Tiger Prawn 9

RM33,605,395 mil

  Aquaculture 133 46.7 mil

  Fish Capture 85 2.7mil

Programme of Tambunan Programme of Tambunan DOFDOF

DOF of Tambunan only have one DOF of Tambunan only have one program the Inland Fisheries.program the Inland Fisheries.

Tambunan is located at central part of Tambunan is located at central part of Sabah. The main activities of DoF in Sabah. The main activities of DoF in

Tambunan is Freshwater Tambunan is Freshwater Aquaculture. The district get its Aquaculture. The district get its marine fish from Kota Kinabalu.marine fish from Kota Kinabalu.

Status of DOF in TambunanStatus of DOF in Tambunan

Fish Farmers No. of Ponds Areas

1600 2700 156 ha.

     

Productions Productions

The fisheries capture from the The fisheries capture from the aquaculture – 2004 – 2,000 metric aquaculture – 2004 – 2,000 metric ton valued at RM240,000.00. ton valued at RM240,000.00.

Fisheries Department Fisheries Department TambunanTambunan

Started in 1965 under the supervision Started in 1965 under the supervision Agriculture Department.Agriculture Department.

In 1981 the DOF Tambunan was In 1981 the DOF Tambunan was established under it’s own office.established under it’s own office.

Community Base Community Base managementmanagementTagal System.Tagal System.

““Tagal” means prohibit or conserve it is Tagal” means prohibit or conserve it is Kadazan/Dusun word. It has started in Sabah Kadazan/Dusun word. It has started in Sabah

long time ago as the traditional means of long time ago as the traditional means of conserving. But it is for short term conserving. But it is for short term

conservation. It is use to curved the conservation. It is use to curved the exploitation of fish using explosives, electric, exploitation of fish using explosives, electric,

poison (chemicals) and any other form of poison (chemicals) and any other form of fishing that destroy fishes and the ecology fishing that destroy fishes and the ecology

of fish in the rivers. of fish in the rivers.

CBM in Tambunan.CBM in Tambunan.

The CBM in Tambunan only started in 2001.The CBM in Tambunan only started in 2001.

With two pioneer program. To this date, With two pioneer program. To this date, there are 58 “tagal” in Tambunan. there are 58 “tagal” in Tambunan.

Process of Establishing Process of Establishing TagalTagalConsultation.Consultation.

The stakeholder are consulted. community The stakeholder are consulted. community held their meeting to get feed back held their meeting to get feed back whether or not to formed the “Tagal” whether or not to formed the “Tagal” system in the village. This system might system in the village. This system might not be suitable in a place where there is not be suitable in a place where there is no people living along the river. Consensus no people living along the river. Consensus among the community regarding the among the community regarding the system is vital.system is vital.

Role of The head VillageRole of The head Village

The head village play a significant roles in The head village play a significant roles in the System. He is a native rule in forcer.the System. He is a native rule in forcer.

Tagal ZoningTagal Zoning

The “tagal” could be divided into 3 The “tagal” could be divided into 3 zone:zone:

1.1. Red ZoneRed Zone

2.2. Yellow ZoneYellow Zone

3.3. Green ZoneGreen Zone

Red zoneRed zone

The red zone is prohibited from any The red zone is prohibited from any forms of fishing. It is only for forms of fishing. It is only for conservation purposes and for conservation purposes and for institutional research.institutional research.

Yellow zoneYellow zone

Restrictions for fishing will be going on Restrictions for fishing will be going on for 2 to 3 years. The objective is for for 2 to 3 years. The objective is for rehabilitation of fish( local species) rehabilitation of fish( local species) and for spawning naturally. and for spawning naturally. Harvesting will be conducted once a Harvesting will be conducted once a year. The harvest are collected and year. The harvest are collected and divided equally among the villages divided equally among the villages base on family.base on family.

The Green zoneThe Green zone

This is a free zone where the village This is a free zone where the village people can catch fish but confined to people can catch fish but confined to the villagers akin to the particular the villagers akin to the particular river. Outsiders are not allowed to river. Outsiders are not allowed to fish.fish.

ConclusionsConclusions

THE Government of Malaysia through THE Government of Malaysia through the Department of Fisheries of Sabah the Department of Fisheries of Sabah aims to create fisheries resources aims to create fisheries resources that are not only economically viable that are not only economically viable but also profitable and sustainable in but also profitable and sustainable in the long term while protecting and the long term while protecting and conserving the environment.conserving the environment.

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TERIMA KASIH………