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Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 Staples Hill Road Canton, Maine 04221

Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

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Page 1: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D.Christine E. Conron186 Staples Hill RoadCanton, Maine 04221

Page 2: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

Large jets like the Boeing 747‐400 have seating for 416 people.  If two large jets crash every week, 43,000 people could die in one year.  Would this be tolerated?

About 43,000 people die on US roads every year.  

Page 3: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

Meyer,M.D., “Crashes vs. Congestion-What’s the Cost to Society?,” Cambridge Systematics, Inc., 4800 Hampden Lane, Suite 800, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, March 5, 2008

Page 4: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

“Safety should be considered first, every time and at every stage of a project. Make safety your first consideration in every investment decision.”

FHWA Safety, http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/index.cfm, May 20,2009

Page 5: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

“…VE studies are to be performed during the design process… all costs associated with:

environmental studies, preliminary engineering, final design, ROW, and construction 

should be used to determine a project's overall cost.”

USDOT Construction, http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/construction/cqit/vecp.cfm, May 20, 2009

Page 6: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

“…VE studies are to be performed during the design process… all costs associated with:1. SAFETY or the potential for crashes,

environmental studies, preliminary engineering, final design, ROW, and construction 

should be used to determine a project's overall cost.”

Page 7: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

Is it more cost effective to…Blast 10 meters of clear zone through ledge for 7 kilometers or divide 10 kilometers of highway? Extend a culvert with grading and traversable grate or install a headwall with guardrail?Increase ROW costs to flatten sideslopes or install barrier?

Page 8: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

Develop an integrated risk‐based highway design process in one user interface.Enable the highway designer to review the costs of a highway design and construction with safety costs as a direct consideration.   

Page 9: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

Different Cross‐sections?Different Design Speed?Different Alignments?

Page 10: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (Green Book)The Roadside Design Guide.

Page 11: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

• How many crashes will occur over the design life?

Page 12: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

http://www.highwaysafetymanual.org/PastPresentations/Generic%20HSM%20November%202008.pdf, May 20, 2009

Page 13: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

How much savings will the median generate in crash costs?How much will it cost to install?  Is it worth it or should I do another project?

Page 14: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

Glennon noted in 1974 if there were unlimited funding, then all roadside safety problems could be treated using the warranting approach.  

Page 15: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

Long history of probabilistic modeling:  Hutchinson 1962 through NCHRP 17‐11 and 17‐22ROADSIDE, 1989RSAP, originally 2003 and update ongoing

Page 16: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

Probabilistic Methods for Highway Design using RSAP2010 & Modern CAD‐based Highway Design Tools

Page 17: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

3.144 km (1.954 miles)Horizontal curves of 150 meters – 500 metersCombinataion of tangents and curves  

Design Criteria:AASHTO 2004 Metric , 50 km/h Rmin=86m, eMax 4%K = 138 (crest‐7 no PSD) and 13(sag)

Page 18: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

Num Type Length Radius Direction Start StationEnd Station Delta angle Chord lengt Chord Directio1 Line 8.761m N22° 09' 31"W 10+000.00m 10+008.76m2 Curve 41.824m 150.000m 10+008.76m 10+050.59m 15.9757 (d) 41.689m N14° 10' 15"W3 Line 99.189m N6° 10' 59"W 10+050.59m 10+149.77m4 Curve 211.671m 200.000m 10+149.77m 10+361.45m 60.6392 (d) 201.929m N36° 30' 09"W5 Line 95.391m N66° 49' 20"W 10+361.45m 10+456.84m

Object Data:

Page 19: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

No. PVI Station PVI Elev. Grade In Grade Out A Curve Length K R1 10+032.19m 185.683m 5.15%2 10+112.11m 189.798m 5.15% 0.26% 4.89% Crest 44.686m 9.132 913.236m3 10+177.04m 189.964m 0.26% 6.44% 6.18% Sag 85.167m 13.772 1377.169m

Object Data:

Page 20: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective
Page 21: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective
Page 22: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective
Page 23: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective
Page 24: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective is to: 

1. investigate/analyze the design of an existing project, 2. analyze project functions and costs, 3. creatively speculate on alternative ways to perform the various functions, 

4. evaluate the best and/or least life‐cycle cost alternatives, 5. develop acceptable alternatives into fully supported recommendations, and 

6. present the team's recommendations to management.”

USDOT Construction, http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/construction/cqit/vecp.cfm, May 20, 2009

Page 25: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM)SafetyAnalystRoadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP)Arizona Local Government Safety Project Analysis ModelSafeNETPLANSAFEThe SafetyAdvisor

Page 26: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

Keep in mind what’s already been done.Friendly/Familiar user interface to encourage use by designer.Plan for the future.

Ongoing research like RSAP and IHSDMComputers and programs evolve faster than…

Page 27: Malcolm H. Ray, P.E., Ph.D. Christine E. Conron 186 ...sp.design.transportation.org/Documents/13-Conron_Ray.pdfy“Value studies are made by multi‐disciplined teams who's objective

43,000 people die each year on our roads.Risk‐based approach will allow engineers to select the design alternative that will make the greatest improvement in safety at the least cost. Questions?