Mali  and  Songhai  Chapter  13  Sec-on  2  

Main  Ideas  and  the  Big  Idea  •  1.  The  empire  of  Mali  reached  its  height  under  the  ruler  Mansa  Musa,  but  the  mpire  fell  to  invaders  in  the  _______’s.  

•  2.  The  Songhai  built  a  new  Islamic  empire  in  West  Africa,  conquering  many  of  the  lands  that  were  once  ____________.  

• BIG  IDEA:  •  Between  1000  and  1500  the  empires  of  Mali  and  Gonghai  developed  in  West  Africa.  

Key  Terms  and  Places:  •  Niger  ______:  river  that  went  through  Ghana  and  Mali  

•  Timbuktu:  important  _____  city  in  Mali  

•  Mosque:  building  for  Muslim  prayer  

•  Gao:  capital  of  Songhai  

•  Djenne:  center  of  _________  in  Songhai  

Mali  

Sundiata  Makes  Mali  an  Empire  •  Legend  says  that  Mali  was  rose  to  power  under  the  ruler  Sundiata.  

•  When  he  was  a  boy,  a  harsh  ruler  conquered  Mali.  

•   As  an  adult,  he  built  an  army  and  won  back  his  country’s  independence.  

•   He  then  conquered  neighboring  countries  (Ghana  included)  in  the  1230’s.  

Sundiata  •  He  took  over  the  salt  and  gold  trade  •  He  worked  to  improve  agriculture.  •  Beans,  onions,  rice,  and  other  crops.  •  Also,  he  introduced  coTon  which  was  a  new  crop.  

•  Why  was  that  important?  

Mansa  •  All  local  leaders  were  called  “Mansa”  but  Sundiata  took  this  -tle  (AND  THE  ________  of  these  people)  for  himself.  

•  Mansas  had  poli-cal  and  religious  roles  in  society.  This  gave  Sundiata  even  more  ___________.  

•  Sundiata  died  in  1255.    •  Later  rulers  of  Mali  took  the  -tle  of  Mansa.  Unlike  Sundiata,  these  rulers  were  mostly  M____________s.  

Mansa  Musa  

•  Mali’s  most  famous  ___________  was  a  Muslim  named  Mansa  Musa.  

•  Because  of  him,  Mali  grew  wealthy,  powerful,  and  famous  in  the  1300’s.  

•  Mansa  Musa  caused  ______________  to  spread  throughout  West  Africa.  

•  He  ruled  for  about  ________  years.    

Timbuktu  •  During  Mansa  Musa’s  reign,  the  trading  city  Timbuktu  became  important.  

Mansa  Musa:  Education  •  Mansa  Musa  also  supported  educa-on.  •  He  sent  scholars  to  study  in  Morocco.  •  They  later  set  up  schools  in  Mali.  

•  Mansa  Musa  stressed  learning  to  read  the  Arabic  language.    

•  He  also  encouraged  the  buildings  of  Mosques.  

The  Fall  of  Mali  •  Mansa  Musa’s  son  Maghan  came  to  power  aZer  his  death.  

•  Maghan  was  a  ________ruler.  

•  Raiders  invaded  and  Mali’s  armies  could  not  _______  them.  

•  The  raiders  burnt  Timbuktu’s  great  ___________.  

Songhai  •  Mansa  Musa  conquered  the  Songhai  in  the  1300’s  but  when  Mali  became  weakened  aZer  his  death,  they  rebelled  and  gained  their  ____________.  

•  They  were  rivals  to  the  ____________.  •  Their  capital  city  was  Gao.  •  Their  leaders  were  mostly  Muslim.  

Songhai  Empire  •  Because  they  were  Muslim,  the  Berbers  traded  with  them  and  they  became  ______________.  

•  Their  empire  was  led  by  Sunni  Ali  in  1464.  •  He  worked  to  unify,  strengthen,  and  enlarge  the  empire.  

•  As  king,  he  encouraged  everyone  to  work  ____________.  •  To  maintain  harmony,  he  prac-ced  both  Islam  and  local  _____________.  

Sunni  Baru  •  Sunni  Ali  died  in  1492  and  his  son,  Sunni  Baru  took  his  place.  

 BUT,  Sunni  Baru  was  not  a  _______________.  

•  People  feared  that  Sunni  Baru  could  not  trade  with  Muslim  traders  if  he  did  not  follow_________  so  they  rebelled.  

Muhammad  Ture/Askia  the  Great  •  Muhammad  Ture  led  the  rebellion  against  Sunni  Baru.  

•  He  changed  his  name  to  Askia  which  means  a  -tle  of  high  military  _______________.    

•  He  supported  educa-on  and___________  and  the  empire  flourished.  

•  In  Timbuktu:  •  The  University  of  Sankore  •  Math,  grammar,  law,  •  Science,  and  medicine  

Djenne’  •  Djenne’  was  another  __________  that  became  a  center  of  learning.    

Askia  the  Great  •  He  was  a  devout  Muslim  and  worked  to  spread  Islam.  •  He  made  many  laws  similar  to  other  Islamic  n_________.  

•  To  maintain  order,  he  set  up  ____  provinces  within  the  Songhai.  

•  He  appointed  governors  who  were  loyal  to  him.  

•  Askia  created  a  professional  __________  with  specialized  departments.  

Songhai  Falls  to  Morocco  •  Morocco  was  a  rival  to  the  north  of  Songhai.  •  Morocco  overtook  Songhai’s  salt  ___________.    

•  The  invaded  with  a  new  advanced  weapon  in  1591  called  the  arquebus.  •  An  early  form  of  a  ________.  

•  The  invader  destroyed  Timbuktu  and  Gao  with  their  guns  and  cannons.  

•  Trade  fell  apart  because  people  began  trading  along  Atlan-c  ports  because  they  didn’t  want  to  deal  with  Muslim  traders.